
?福州市名校2022-2023學年高一下學期期中考試英語試卷
第一部分:聽力(略)
第二部分閱讀理解共兩節(jié) 20 題每題 2.5 分滿分 37.5 分第一節(jié)(共 4 小題;每小題 2.5 分, 滿分 37.5 分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的 A、B、C、D 四個選項中選出最佳選項。
A
Even if you're in the market for a new smartphone,your older one needn't go to landfill(垃圾場).
Is your older smartphone or tablet now lacking the ability to meet your daily demands?If so,don't throw away just yet—it could still easeful for jobs that require a little less processing power.
Smartphones and tablets can enjoy a second life as a universal remote control for smart devices and their various apps around the home. You can also use them to play music and video from streaming services,to cast to compatible devices,or as a home server.
Why not attach an old iPad to the wall to use as a digital calendar or family planner?,Or
save a huge amount of money on baby monitors by fixing a phone or tablet with a monitoring app above the bassinet(嬰兒搖籃)instead?
If you can't repurpose your old smartphone, recycle it instead.Smartphones are full of
recyclable materials including rare and valuable metals such as gold, silver , platinum and copper— 99%of these can be reused if you recycle your phone correctly.They may end up in new tech products or enjoy a new life as something entirely different.
For example,the plastic in mobile phone casing can be processed into pellets(小球)and used for products such as.pallets(托盤).Not only does this mean producing less plastic,but it cuts down on the energy needed to make new plastics.
Some people are understandably unwilling to recycle their phones because they worry about losing their personal data,or that it'll end up in the wrong hands.But,by following some simple steps、you can wipe your data before you recycle it.
21. Your older smartphone or tablet can be reused for many jobs except .
A.working as a digital calendar
B.monitoring babies
C.processing complex data
D.playing streaming video
22. How can you recycle your older smartphone?
A. Reuse the metals in it to develop new products.
B.Fix it with a monitoring app.
C.Break it down with certain chemicals.
D.Transform it to a new one.
23. What may the passage talk about next?
A. Why people are unwilling to recycle their phones.
B. Measures to recycle your older smartphone.
C.Importance of protecting your personal data.
D.Give suggestions to remove your data on the phone.
B
"Sunshine might be healthier than most people think,outweighing the risk of skin cancer", British doctors suggested last week.The four researchers at Bristol University were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun.Experts agree exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays increases the risk of skin cancer and accelerates the signs of aging.But in the British Medical Journal the Bristol team led by Andrew Ness wrote, "There is evidence that the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight may outweigh the widely publicized negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer."
Vitamin D,made in the body in reaction to sunlight,prevented rickets (軟骨病) in children and was associated with a protective effect against heart disease.
Sunshine was also useful for treating certain skin conditions and there was also the "feel good effect of lying or sitting in the sun".The researchers said it was too early to advise people to spend more time in the sun,but suggested the basis of the current advice to cover up should be reviewed.
"Perhaps,while we await the conclusions of such formal analyses,those of us who enjoy spending time in the sun can rest assured that the chance that we will be one of the people dying from the sun small." they added.
Their article was strongly criticized by health campaigners who claimed it was unbalanced and not backed by scientific evidence.Britain's Health Education Authority said skin cancer was the most common form of cancer in the country, with more than 50 , 000 new cases diagnosed each year and more than 2 , 000 people dying from the disease.It said treatment almost always required surgery and almost 50 percent of cases were fatal.The authority's skin cancer campaign manager Christopher New said , "We are very disappointed with this controversial article.It doesn't have enough supporting evidence and runs the risk undoing many years of "good health education"".
24. What can we learn about the four researchers in the first paragraph?
A. They were accused of warning people of the danger of too much sun.
B. They agreed exposure to the sun's ultraviolet rays accelerated people's aging.
C. They publicized the negative effect of the sun on the incidence of skin cancer.
D. They believed being exposed to sunlight might be beneficial to people's health. 25.What will the Bristol team support?
A. Children should cover up in the sunlight.
B. Sunshine helps to treat some skin conditions.
C. Those enjoying the sun are free of skin cancer.
D. People should currently spend more time in the sun.
26.What does the "good health education" in the last paragraph refer to?
A.Warning people of the danger of too much sunlight.
B.Informing people of the benefits of exposure to sunlight.
C.Convincing people of the effect of sun on skin conditions.
D.Reminding people of the good feeling of lying or sitting in the sun.
27.What is the main idea of this passage?
A. More people are dying from skin cancer.
B. Sunshine does more harm than good to skin.
C.Sunshine can prevent heart disease in children.
D.A study found sunshine has lots of benefits.
C
Do you get your best ideas when you are bored,or when you are out doing new things? What should we look for when we want to be more creative?Boredom(枯燥)and stimulus(刺激物)may be opposites,but studies into creativity suggest that actually we might need both.
Writing for BBC Culture,Clair Thorp looks at the role that boredom plays in the creative process.Many writers and artists credit being bored with helping them have their best ideas — JK Rowling came up with Harry Potter while on a long train journey.Thorp tells us how some researchers believe that boredom drives our brains to find something to do — leading to creative ideas.So, maybe we should take the advice of the musician Quest love and learn to ignore the distractions that we can find on our phones.
However,before we all start planning how to bore ourselves into creativity,Sandi Mann, an academic and author,warns that too much boredom can take away the energy we need for creativity.Many experts talk about the importance of finding new experiences in order to be more creative.Actor and writer Kayode Ewumi recommends getting on a random bus and seeing where you end up or learning a new musical instrument as ways to avoid writer's block.Professor Gerard Puccio,a professor of creativity studies,believes that having to look at new things,or old things in a different light,can force us to make unusual connections and come up with innovative solutions.
So perhaps what we need is a balance enough stimulus to make us look at things in different ways ,and enough boredom to give us the breathing space to work through these thoughts.
28. Which statement will Questlove agree with?
A. Musicians tend to feel bored with their careers.
B.Online information is the source of inspiration.
C.New experiences invite more different ideas.
D.Boredom can promote creative ideas.
29. According to Sandi Mann,what could be the problem with having too much boredom?
A. Not having enough energy to be creative.
B. Failing to gain inspiration from others.
C. Being stuck.in old things.
D.Losing.interest in creative work.
30. Which might be the best way to become more creative?
A. Thinking independently all the time.
B. Making use of materials at hand.
C.Balancing boredom and new experiences.
D.Looking for stimulus here and there.
31. How does the author explain the point in the text?
A. By making comparisons.
B.By quoting famous people's views.
C. 'By conducting a study.
D. By relating to different cultures.
D
We've known for years that plants can see,hear,smell and communicate with chemicals.Now,reported New Scientist,they have been recorded making sounds when stressed.
In a yet﹣to﹣be﹣published study,Itzhak Khait and his team at Tel Aviv University,in Israel,found that tomato and tobacco plants can make ultrasonic(超聲的)noises.The plants "cry out" due to lack of water,or when their stems(莖)are cut.It's just too high﹣pitched(音調高的)for humans to hear.
Microphones placed 10 centimeters away from the plants picked up sounds in the ultrasonic range of 20 to 100 kilohertz(千赫茲).Human hearing usually ranges from 20 hertz to 20 kilohertz. "These findings can alter the way we think about the plant kingdom, "they wrote.
On average, "thirsty" tomato plants made 35 sounds an hour,while tobacco plants made 11.
When plant stems were cut,tomato plants made an average of 25 sounds in the following hour,and tobacco plants 15.Unstressed plants produced fewer than one sound per hour,on average.Perhaps most interestingly , different types of stress led to different sounds . The researchers trained a machine﹣learning model to separate the plants' sounds from those of the wind,rain and other noises of the greenhouse.In most cases,it correctly identified whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut,based on a sound's intensity and frequency.Water﹣ hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco,for example.Although Khait and his colleagues only looked at tomato and tobacco plants,they think other plants also make sounds when stressed.
If farmers could hear these sounds,said the team,they could give water to the plants that need it most. As climate change causes more droughts, they said this would be important information for farmers. "The sounds that drought﹣stressed plants make could be used in precision agriculture(精準農業(yè)), " said Anne Visscher at the Royal Botanic Gardens,Kew, in the UK.
Khait's report also suggests that insects and mammals can hear the sounds up to 5 meters away and respond.For example,a moth(蛾子)may decide not to lay eggs on a water﹣ stressed plant.Edward Farmer,at the University of Lausanne,Switzerland,is doubtful.He said that the idea of moths listening to plants is "a little too speculative".
If plants are screaming for fear of their survival , should we be thankful we can't hear them?
32. What did Khait and his team find from their research?
A. Plants made low﹣pitched sounds when in danger.
B. Plants were able to produce sounds in response to stresses.
C. Plants picked up a wider range of sounds when stressed.
D. Plants made ultrasonic noises to communicate with each other.
33. How did tomato and tobacco plants react to different stresses according to the text?
A.A plant reacted to different stresses with the same sound.
B. Cut tomato plants produced more sounds per hour than water﹣hungry ones.
C. Cut tobacco plants seemed to make weaker sounds than drought﹣stressed ones.
D. Tobacco plants might make louder sounds than tomato plants when short of water.
34.What's the main idea of Paragraph 6?
A.The potential applications of the research.
B.Challenges facing farmers in the future.
C.Farmers' contributions to the research.
D.What the future agriculture will be like.
35.The underlined word "speculative" in the second ﹣ to ﹣ last paragraph has the closest meaning to" ".
A. practical
B. unsuspected
C.unsupported
D.complicated
第二節(jié) 根據短文內容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
Nowadays,are you sitting more and more?Take a moment to think about your sitting habits.You're probably sitting while reading this. (36) Besides,many people still lie on the sofa swiping their phones instead of doing exercise after work.That's undoubtedly a lot of sitting.The fact is that the amount of time spent sitting has increased over time. (37)
People know sitting too much is unsuitable,and most of us naturally feel a little guilty after a long﹣time TV watching.But what problems gradually exist when we seat ourselves for nearly eight hours per day?A study on nearly 8000 adults suggests that there's a direct relationship between the time spent sitting and our risk of early death from any cause.
(38) "Sit less,move more" is what the Heart Foundation encourages us to do.
(39) It is like telling people to just "exercise" without telling them how. Exercise guidelines are always more practical. For example,the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends adults do exercise for two hours and 30 minutes every week,plus muscle strengthening exercise two or more days a week. We need similar guidelines for sitting.
(40) One of them is from Diaz's research team. "It would probably be like this: for every 30 continuous minutes of siting, stand up and move or walk for five minutes at a quick pace," Diaz,the lead researcher,said,adding that the study has put us a step closer to the satisfying guidelines. But more researches are needed to confirm their approaches.
A. Now it's time to get up and move around.
B. It is quite usual for you to remain seated in a business meeting.
C. As the total sitting time increases,so does the danger of early death.
D. But the function of this rule is just too simple and abstract to benefit us a lot.
E. The experts suggest that more exercise should be done to reduce sitting time.
F. It is reported that many people have spent more than 6 hours sitting or lying.
G. Various specific and detailed guidelines have been made to inspire people to reduce sitting time.
第三部分詞匯和語法知識共三節(jié),共 50 題,每題 1 分滿分 15 分第一節(jié)完形填空共 15 題每題 1 分滿分 15 分閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C 和 D)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
When I asked my mom for piano lessons in 2010,we were in the fallout of the recession(經濟衰退).She said a polite"No".
That didn't stop me.I googled the(41) for a keyboard,drew the keys on a piece of paper and(42) it on my desk.I would click notes on an online(43) and " play " them back on my paper one — keeping the
(44) they made on the computer in my head.Once my mom saw that I was(45) ,she borrowed money and bought me 10 lessons.
I still remember the first one.I was(46) by how real the sound of the piano was.I (47) my grade one test after eight lessons.But when I started secondary school,we couldn't(48) lessons again.I passed grade five,practicing only on my piece of paper. When I was about 13,my mom said she had a(49) for me;it was an electronic keyboard,bought with(50) borrowed money.It was the first time I'd played for her. Later I found the Purcell School for young musicians.The tryouts ( 考 核 檢 查 ) were(51) . Some of the questions(52) an assessment of the composer or when the music was written.I felt stressed out.To my amazement I was offered a( 53 ) .At Purcell,I saved enough to buy my first piano.
When I left Purcell , I was awarded the senior academic music prize.I am now at the Guildhall School in London,one of the world's leading music schools.I feel proud:it's been 10 years(54) I drew my paper piano.I continue to do a lot of my practice away from the piano:what we call (55) practice.The paper piano helped solve my curiosity about how music works and what forms the masterpieces.
(41)A.measurements B.tunes C.prices D.scales
(42)A.folded(折疊) B.piled(堆) C.wrapped(包裹) D.stuck
(43) A.screen B.course C.keyboard D.website
(44) A.voice B.sound C.whisper D.record
(45) A.nervous B.disappointed C.satisfied D.serious
(46) A.amused B.frightened C.struck D.accessed
(47) A.ran into B.got across C.passed by D.went through
(48) A.afford B.perform C.postpone(推遲) D.participate
(49) A.secret B.task C.question D.surprise
(50) A.little B.less C.much D.more
(51)A.easy B.tough C.enjoyable D.sacred
(52) A.answered B.wrote C.involved(牽涉) D.collected
(53) A.role B.prize C.place D.refund
(54) A.after B.since C.until D.before
(55) A.mental B.enough C.private D.fancy
第二節(jié):選擇適當單詞或詞組,并根據需要改變形式填空,使語法正確句意合理。(其中有兩個是多余的)共兩部分. (8 分)
establish;evident;inspire;attack;recover;
approach;define;locate;remind;generous;
(56)The picture of the whole class shot in Yongtai keeps us of the days students spent with their instructor during Military Training.
(57)As you can see,much ( do) to protect the wildlife now and things are getting better for national animal reserves.
(58)He donated all his money to the charity,and we were amazed at his .
(59)With summer ,it is becoming hotter and hotter.So many students start to wear summer clothes.
(60)The solutions to little problems in daily lives may be for great inventions.
(61)Everything is starting to improve and the economy is showing signs of .
(62)Each country has its own of the term " human rights ".
(63)He hated maths at school and everyone knew that.
track down;belong to;be concerned about;make a proposal;
adapt to;account for;be particular about;go through;be located
(64)The fun time that the children should be returned to them.
(65)If you the English Midterm Examination,spending at least one hour in reviewing it will greatly reduce your stress.
(66)He last week that we each made a donation for Fuzhou's cultural heritage.
(67)How do these species new environments remains a mystery.
(68)In modern human,the brain 2%﹣3% of total body weight.
(69)The block in the center of town.
(70) The police finally managed the prisoner who had escaped from the prison.
第三節(jié)語法填空 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入 1 個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
David was upset by the plastic going into the oceans.To help solve the problem,he had(71) creative idea﹣ to create plastic like money, which he calls the "Plastic Bank". The goal of Plastic Bank is to use plastic to help people solve the problems ( 72 ) ( gradual).The Plastic Bank adds a value(73) plastic waste by paying people to recycle it.
The program began in 2015 in Haiti,a poor island nation with many problems of waste plastic.The Plastic Bank has opened 30"markets"in Haiti.At the Plastic Bank markets,people can exchange the plastic they've collected for(74) they need.The Plastic Bank markets sell lots of things for local people's(75) ( convenient).The stores also allow plastic collectors to use the money they earn to pay(76) health care or school.To make sure that the plastic is recycled,the Plastic Bank works with partners,( 77 ) agree to use the plastic that is collected.When customers buy these products,which are labeled(貼標簽)"Social Plastic",they know that they are both helping people in other parts of the world(78) keeping plastic out of the oceans.So far,the Plastic Bank(79) ( keep) about 7 million pounds of plastic out of the oceans.It makes a great(80) ( contribute) to the ocean world.
The government has awarded ﹩5 million to three different local nonprofit organizations.The money is planned (81) (give)over a four﹣year period and is aimed at helping approximately 1.000 homeless people in this area.
One organization,(82) ( base) in Wood bridge,is expected(83) (receive)﹩1.5 million.The head of the organization says that they will focus their resources on(84) ( educate) the homeless." We will probably build another school- home with this money," he said."A school﹣ home is exactly what it(85) (sound)like.It is a school and a home.We provide accommodation and teach them how(86) ( be) gardeners,painters,carpenters,bricklayers,electricians,and air﹣conditioning repairmen.
"You wouldn't believe the success that we have had.In fact,a couple of weeks ago,our office air﹣ conditioning(87) ( go) out.My secretary called a repairman.To our surprise,the repairman turned out
(88) ( be) one of our first homeless students.He now(89) ( own) half of this city's air﹣ conditioning repairing business,plus two houses,two cars and a boat!He has a dozen employees.He lives better than I am.So it's not surprising that we have our air﹣conditioning fixed without(90) ( charge).I think I might sign up for the air﹣conditioning class myself in this school﹣home next year."
第四部分:課文背誦背誦:請按照課文將以下句子填完整
91.(2 分)Economic development is necessary if we want to improve society.
when the old must give way to the new (新舊更替的時代已經到來),and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past.
92.(2 分)Only when we (只有學會與大自然和諧相處) can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to our planet.
93.(2 分)She believes that it's highly important to bridge the digital divide and make sure that
(每個人都可以上網) and knows how to use new technology.
94.(2 分)Being online is no excuse for being rude,and you don't want to become a target for a troll or cyberbully. A troll is a person who posts comments or questions in order to (在網上制造麻煩).
95.(2 分)The peaceful landscape of the "Emerald Isle" and is a true feast for the eyes,with its
(起伏的青山點綴著綿羊和牛).
第五部分:書面表達滿分 20 分
最近,你校學生會需招聘一名母語是英語的留學生做學習和活動的顧問,請你寫一則招聘啟事。
內容包括:
(1)應聘者應具備的條件;
(2)工作內容;
(3)如何申請。
福州市名校2022-2023學年高一下學期期中考試英語試卷
參考答案與試題解析
第一部分:聽力:略
第二部分閱讀理解共兩節(jié) 20 題每題 2.5 分滿分 37.5 分第一節(jié)(共 4 小題;每小題 2.5 分, 滿分 37.5 分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的 A、B、C、D 四個選項中選出最佳選項。
21. 細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段 Smartphones and tablets can enjoy a second life as a universal remote control for smart devices and their various apps around the home.You can also use them to play music and video from streaming services,to cast to compatible devices,or as a home
server(.智能手機和平板電腦可以作為智能設備及其家庭中各種應用程序的通用遙控器享受第二人生。您還可以使用它們播放流媒體服務中的音樂和視頻,播放到兼容設備,或作為家庭服務器。)以及第三段 Why not attach an old iPad to the wall to use as a digital calendar or family planner? Or save a huge amount of money on baby monitors by fixing a phone or tablet with a monitoring app above the bassinet(嬰兒搖籃)instead?,(為什么不把舊的平板電腦掛在墻上當數字日歷或家庭計劃表用呢?或節(jié)約一大筆錢在嬰兒監(jiān)視器上通過固定手機或平板使用一個監(jiān)視的軟件放在搖籃上面?)可知,文章提到了舊手機或平板電腦可以重復用做電子日歷、監(jiān)視嬰兒和播放流量視頻,文中沒有提到的是處理復雜數據。故選 C。
22. 細節(jié)理解題。 根據第五段 If you can't repurpose your old smartphone , recycle it instead.Smartphones are full of recyclable materials including rare and valuable metals such as gold,silver,platinum and copper﹣﹣99% of these can be reused if you recycle your phone correctly. They may end up in new tech products or enjoy a new life as something entirely different.(如果你不能重新利用你的舊智能手機,那就回收它。智能手機充滿了可回收材料,包括稀有和有價值的金屬,如金、銀、鉑和銅。如果你正確地回收手機,其中 99% 可以重復使用。它們可能最終會出現在新的科技產品中,或者以完全不同的方式享受新的生活。)可知,你可以利用你的舊手機通過再使用其中的金屬制成新的產品。故選 A。23.推理判斷題。根據最后一段 But,by following some simple steps,you can wipe your data before you recycle it.(但是,通過遵循一些簡單的步驟,你就可以在回收舊手機之前先清理數據。)可以推斷出,文章接下來要闡述的是關于舊手機清理數據的建議。故選 D。
24. 推理判斷題。根據第一段的"But in the British Medical Journal the Bristol team led by
Andrew Ness wrote,"There is evidence that the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight may outweigh the widely publicized negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer."(但在《英國醫(yī)學雜志》上,由 Andrew Ness 領導的 Bristol 研究小組寫道:"有證據表明,暴露在陽光下的潛在好處可能超過廣泛宣傳的對皮膚癌發(fā)病率的負面影響。")"和第三段的"Sunshine
was also useful for treating certain skin conditions and there was also the "feel good effect of lying or sitting in the sun".(陽光對治療某些皮膚狀況也很有用,而且"躺在陽光下或坐在陽光下也有很好的感覺"。)"可知,Bristol 團隊支持的是陽光有助于治療一些皮膚問題。故選 D。
25. 推理判斷題。根據第一段的 But in the British Medical Journal the Bristol team led by
Andrew Ness wrote,"There is evidence that the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight may outweigh the widely publicized negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer."(但在《英國醫(yī)學雜志》上,由 Andrew Ness 領導的 Bristol 研究小組寫道:"有證據表明,暴露在陽光下的潛在好處可能超過廣泛宣傳的對皮膚癌發(fā)病率的負面影響。")和第三段的 Sunshine was also useful for treating certain skin conditions and there was also the "feel good effect of lying or sitting in the sun".The researchers said it was too early to advise people to spend more time in the sun.(陽光對治療某些皮膚狀況也很有用,而且"躺在陽光下或坐在陽光下也有很好的感覺"。)可知,Bristol 團隊支持的是陽光有助于治療一些皮膚問題。故選 B。26.詞句猜測題。根據第一段的 The four researchers at Bristol University were accused of weakening years of campaigning to warn people of the dangers of too much sun.(布里斯托爾大學的四名研究人員被指責削弱了多年來警告人們過度曬太陽的危害的運動。)和最后一 段的 We are very disappointed with this controversial article.It doesn't have enough supporting evidence and runs the risk undoing many years of "good health education"(我們對這篇有爭議的文章感到非常失望。它沒有足夠的支持證據,有可能使多年來的"良好健康教育"付之一流。)可知,此處所說的"good health education" 指的是警告人們太多陽光的危害,故選 A。
27. 主旨大意題。通讀全文以及根據第一段的 But in the British Medical Journal the Bristol team led by Andrew Ness wrote, "There is evidence that the potential benefits of exposure to sunlight may outweigh the widely publicized negative effects on the incidence of skin cancer."
(但在《英國醫(yī)學雜志》上,由 Andrew Ness 領導的布里斯托爾研究小組寫道:"有證據表明,暴露在陽光下的潛在好處可能超過廣泛宣傳的對皮膚癌發(fā)病率的負面影響。")可知,本文主要講的是有證據表明,暴露在陽光下的潛在好處可能超過廣泛宣傳的對皮膚癌發(fā)病率的負面影響,也就是一項研究發(fā)現陽光有很多好處,故選 D。
28. 細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段 Thorp tells us how some researchers believe that boredom drives our brains to find something to do—leading to creative ideas.So,maybe we should take the advice of the musician Questlove and learn to ignore the distractions that we can find on ourphones(.索普告訴我們一些研究人員如何認為無聊會驅使我們的大腦找到一些事兒去做,從而產生創(chuàng)造性的想法。所以,也許我們應該采取音樂家 Questlove 的建議,學會忽略我們在手機上發(fā)現的干擾。)可知,Questlove 同意的觀點應該是 D 項無聊可以促進創(chuàng)造性的想法。A 項音樂家傾向于對他們的職業(yè)感到無聊;B 項網上信息是靈感的來源;C 項新的經歷邀請更多不同的想法。故選 D。
29. 細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段 However,before we all start planning how to bore ourselves into creativity,Sandi Mann,an academic and author,warns that too much boredom can take away the energy we need for creativity.( 然而,在我們開始計劃如何激發(fā)自己的創(chuàng)造力之前, 學者兼作家 Sandi Mann 警告說,過多的無聊會奪走我們創(chuàng)造力所需的能量)可知,根據Sandi Mann,有太多的無聊會引起的問題應該是會奪走我們創(chuàng)造力所需的能量。A 項太多的無聊會奪走我們創(chuàng)造力所需的能量。故選 A。
30. 細節(jié)理解題。根據最后一段 So,perhaps what we need is a balance—enough stimulus to make us look at things in different ways,and enough boredom to give us the breathing space to work through these thoughts.( 所以,也許我們需要的是一種平衡——足夠的刺激,讓我們以不同的方式看待事物,足夠的無聊,讓我們有喘息的空間來思考這些想法)可知, 變得更加有創(chuàng)造力的最好方式是平衡刺激和無聊。C 項平衡無聊和新經歷,符合題意。故選 C。
31. 推理判斷題。根據第二段 Writing for BBC Culture,Clair Thorp looks at the role that boredom plays in the creative process(克萊爾?索普為英國廣播公司文化頻道撰稿,探討無聊在創(chuàng)作過程中所扮演的角色)、Thorp tells us how some researchers believe that boredom drives our brains to find something to do—leading to creative ideas.( 索普告訴我們,一些研究人員是如何認為無聊會驅使我們的大腦找到一些事情去做,從而產生創(chuàng)造性的想法的) 以及第三段 Actor and writer Kayode Ewumi recommends getting on a random bus and seeing where you end up or learning a new musical instrument as ways to avoid writer's block.Professor Gerard Puccio,a professor of creativity studies,believes that having to look at new things,or old things in a different light,can force us to make unusual connections and come up with innovative solutions.( 演員兼作家 Kayode Ewumi 建議,坐一輛隨機的公交車,看看你最終會去哪里,或者學習一種新的樂器,以此來避免作家的阻礙。創(chuàng)造力研究教授 Gerard Puccio 認為,必須從不同的角度看待新事物或舊事物,這會迫使我們建立不同尋常的聯系,并想出創(chuàng)新的解決方案)可知,作者主要是通過引用名人觀點解釋觀點的。A 項:通過作比較;B 項通過引用名人觀點解釋觀點;C 項:通過研究;D 項: 通過關聯不同的文化。故選 B。
32. B.細節(jié)理解題.根據第一段" In a yet﹣to﹣be﹣published study,Itzhak Khait and his team at Tel Aviv University,in Israel,found that tomato and tobacco plants can make ultrasonic( 超 聲 的 )noises.The plants "cry out" due to lack of water,or when their stems( 莖 )are cut.It's just too high﹣pitched(音調高的)for humans to hear.在一項尚未發(fā)表的研究中,以色列特拉維夫大學的伊扎克 ? 卡伊特和他的團隊發(fā)現,西紅柿和煙草植物能夠產生超聲波.植物因為缺水或者莖被切斷而"哭喊".只是音調太高,人類聽不到." 可知卡伊特和他的團隊從他們的研究中發(fā)現了植物能夠對壓力產生聲音.故選 B.
33. C.細節(jié)理解題.根據第六段"Water﹣hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco,for example.例如,缺水的煙草似乎比煙絲發(fā)出更大的聲音."可知切下的煙草似乎比干旱脅迫下的煙草發(fā)出的聲音更弱.故選 C.
34. A.段落大意題.根據第六段"Perhaps most interestingly,different types of stress led to different sounds. The researchers trained a machine﹣learning model to separate the plants' sounds from those of the wind, rain and other noises of the greenhouse.In most cases, it correctly identified whether the stress was caused by dryness or a cut , based on a sound's intensity and frequency . Water ﹣ hungry tobacco appears to make louder sounds than cut tobacco,for example.Although Khait and his colleagues only looked at tomato and tobacco plants,they think other plants also make sounds when stressed.也許最有趣的是,不同類型的壓力導致不同的聲音.研究人員訓練了一個機器學習模型,將植物的聲音與溫室里的風聲、雨聲和其他噪音分離開來.在大多數情況下,它能夠根據聲音的強度和頻率,正確識別壓力是由于干燥還是割傷引起的.例如,耗水量大的煙草發(fā)出的聲音似乎比切好的煙草發(fā)出的聲音更大.雖然 khait 和他的同事們只研究了西紅柿和煙草植物,但他們認為其他植物在受到壓力時也會發(fā)出聲音."可知本段主要講述了研究人員訓練了一個機 器學習模型,將植物的聲音與溫室里的風、雨和其他噪音分開.所以"A.The potential applications of the research.這項研究的潛在應用"正確.故選 A.
35. C.詞義猜測題.根據劃線詞所在的句子"Edward Farmer,at the University of Lausanne, Switzerland, is doubtful. He said that the idea of moths listening to plants is "a little too speculative".瑞士洛桑大學的 Edward Farmer 對此表示懷疑.他說蛾子聽植物的聲音這個想法"有點太投機了"."可知表示不信任,再結合選項:A.practical 實用的;B.unsuspected不受懷疑的;C.unsupported 不支持的;D.complicated 復雜的.故選 C.
第二節(jié) 根據短文內容,從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
36. 聯系上文題。根據上文 You're probably sitting while reading this.(你可能正坐著讀這篇文章。)和 Besides,many people still lie on the sofa swiping their phones instead of doing exercise after work.(此外,許多人下班后仍然躺在沙發(fā)上刷手機,而不是去鍛煉。)可知, 上下文都陳述了人們坐著的情況,由此推知,空格處應填在何種情況下我們會選擇坐著, 故 B.It is quite usual for you to remain seated in a business meeting.(你在商務會議上坐著是很正常的。)符合語境,故選 B。
37. 聯系上文題。空處位于段末應承接上文。根據上文 The fact is that the amount of time spent sitting has increased over time.(事實是,人們坐著的時間越來越長。)推知,下文可能陳述人們坐著的具體時間為多少。故 F.It is reported that many people have spent more than 6 hours sitting or lying.(據報道,許多人坐著或躺著的時間超過了 6 個小時。)符合語境,故選 F。
38. 聯系上文題??仗幬挥诙文薪由衔摹8鶕衔?A study on nearly 8000 adults suggests that there's a direct relationship between the time spent sitting and our risk of early death from any cause.(一項針對近 8000 名成年人的研究表明,坐著的時間與我們因任何原因過早死亡的風險之間存在直接關系。)推知,空處應該進一步說明研究的結果。故 C.As the total sitting time increases,so does the danger of early death.(隨著坐的時間的增加,過早死亡
的風險也會增加。)符合語境,故選 C。
39. 細節(jié)理解題。根據上文"Sit less,move more" is what the Heart Foundation encourages us to
do.("少坐多動"是心臟基金會鼓勵我們做的。)以及后文 It is like telling people to just "exercise" without telling them how.(這就像告訴人們去"鍛煉",卻不告訴他們怎么做。) 可知,心臟基金會提出的口號不具體,不容易操作。故 D.But the function of this rule is just too simple and abstract to benefit us a lot.(但這條規(guī)則的功能過于簡單和抽象,無法讓我們真正受益。)符合語境,故選 D。
40. 推理判斷題。根據上一段最后一句 We need similar guidelines for sitting.(我們也需要類似的坐姿指南。)以及后文 One of them is from Diaz's research team. "It would probably be like this:for every 30 continuous minutes of siting,stand up and move or walk for five minutes at a quick pace," Diaz,the lead researcher,said,adding that the study has put us a step closer to the satisfying guidelines.But more researches are needed to confirm their approaches.(其中一個來自迪亞茲的研究小組。首席研究員迪亞茲說:"這可能是這樣的:每連續(xù)坐 30 分鐘,就站起來快速移動或步行 5 分鐘。"他補充說,這項研究讓我們離令人滿意的指導方針又近了一步。但是還需要更多的研究來證實他們的方法。)講到的具體做法可知,空處 講到的應該是與減少久坐的指導方針有關的內容。故 G.Various specific and detailed guidelines have been made to inspire people to reduce sitting time(.已經制定了各種具體和詳細的指導方針,以激勵人們減少久坐時間。)符合語境,故選 G。
第三部分詞匯和語法知識共三節(jié),共 50 題,每題 1 分滿分 15 分第一節(jié)完形填空共 15 題每題 1 分滿分 15 分閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的四個選項(A、B、C 和 D)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
41. 考查名詞及語境理解。A.measurements 尺寸;B.tunes 曲調;C.prices 價格;D.scales 天平。句意:我在谷歌上搜索鍵盤的尺寸,在一張紙上畫出按鍵,然后把它貼在我的桌子上。根據后文的"drew the keys on a piece of paper"可知作者把琴鍵畫在紙上,所以這里是先在網上搜索鍵盤的尺寸。故選 A 項。
42. 考查動詞及語境理解。A.folded 折疊;B.piled 堆積;C.wrapped 纏繞;D.stuck 粘貼。句意:我在谷歌上搜索鍵盤的尺寸,在一張紙上畫出按鍵,然后把它貼在我的桌子上。根據前文的 paper 和后文的"on the desk"可知,是把紙粘貼在桌子上。故選 D 項。
43. 考查名詞及語境理解。A.screen 屏幕;B.course 課程;C.keyboard 鍵盤;D.website 網站。句意:我會點擊在線鍵盤上的音符,然后在我的紙上"彈奏"它們﹣﹣﹣把它們在電腦上發(fā)出的聲音記憶在我的腦海里。根據下文"play" them back on my paper one"可知, 作者在網上學鋼琴,所以是點擊網上的鍵盤。故選 C 項。
44. 考查名詞及語境理解。A.voice 聲音;B.sound 聲音;C.whisper 耳語;D.record 記錄。句意:我會點擊在線鍵盤上的音符,然后在我的紙上"彈奏"它們﹣﹣把它們在電腦上發(fā)出的聲音記憶在我的腦海里。根據常識可知,彈鋼琴會發(fā)出聲音,此處是聲音泛指自然的聲音,voice 表示人的嗓音,此處 sound 更合適。故選 B 項。
45. 考查形容詞及語境理解。A.nervous 緊張的;B.disappointed 失望的;C.satisfied 滿意的; D.serious 認真的。句意:我媽媽發(fā)現我是認真的,她就借錢給我買了 10 節(jié)課。根據后文"she borrowed money and bought me 10 lessons."她借錢給我買了十節(jié)課,媽媽看到作者是真的想要學習,不只是玩玩而已,所以作者是認真的。故選 D 項。
46. 考查動詞及語境理解。A.amused 使快樂;B.frightened 使恐懼;C.struck 打動;D.accessed訪問。句意:我被鋼琴如此真切的聲音打動。由后文提到"how real the sound of the piano" 作者喜歡鋼琴的聲音,所以被鋼琴的聲音打動,be struck by 表示被…打動。故選 C 項。47.考查動詞短語及語境理解。A.ran into 撞到,遭遇;B.got across 通過;C.passed by 路過;D.went through 通過。句意:上了八節(jié)課后,我通過了一年級考試。由后文"I passed grade five"我過了五級,可知此處是我先通過了一級考試。故選 D 項。
48. 考查動詞及語境理解。A.afford 支付得起;B.perform 表現;C.postpone 延期;D.participate參加。句意:但是當我開始上中學的時候,我們支付不起課程了。此處 but 表示轉折, 結合第一段"we were in the fallout of the recession" 以及" But when I started secondary school, "我們正處于經濟衰退的余波之中,可知我們支付不起課程。故選 A 項。
49. 考查名詞及語境理解。A.secret 秘密;B.task 任務;C.question 問題;D.surprise 驚喜。句意:當我快十三歲的時候,母親說她要給我一個驚喜。根據下文母親給我買電子鍵盤, 可知母親要給我一個驚喜。故選 D 項。
50. 考查形容詞及語境理解。A.little 少的;B.less 更少;C.much 多的;D.more 更多的。句意:那是一個電子鍵盤,用更多的借款買的。根據前文"she borrowed money and bought me 10 lessons."可知,母親花錢給我買了十節(jié)課,后來借了更多的錢買了電子鍵盤。故選 D 項。
51. 考查形容詞及語境理解。A.easy 簡單的;B.tough 艱難的;C.enjoyable 愉快的;D.sacred 害怕的。句意:后來我找到了為年輕音樂家開設的普塞爾學校,選拔賽很艱難。根據后文的"I felt stressed out"可知,我感到很緊張,可知比賽比較難。故選 B 項。
52. 考查動詞及語境理解。A.answered 回答;B.wrote 寫;C.involved 包含,涉及;D.collected 收集。句意:有些問題涉及對作曲家的評價或音樂創(chuàng)作的時間。此處表示評委提的問題中包含了作曲家的評價和音樂創(chuàng)作時間。故選 C 項。
53. 考查名詞及語境理解。A.role 角色;B.prize 獎項;C.place 地方;D.refund 退款。句意: 令我驚訝的是,我被錄取了。根據上文"Later I found the Purcell School for young musicians" 以及"To my amazement "可知,我被錄取了。故選 C 項。
54. 考查連詞及語境理解。A.after 之后;B.since 自從;C.until 直到;D.before 之前。句意: 我感到很自豪:我畫我的紙鋼琴已經 10 年了。根據 it's been+一段時間+since….,表示自從….有多久,此處是固定句式。故選 B 項。
55. 考查形容詞及語境理解。A.mental 心理的;B.enough 足夠的;C.private 私人的;D.fancy 精致的。句意:我繼續(xù)在沒有鋼琴的情況下進行很多練習:我們稱之為心理練習。根據上文" I continue to do a lot of my practice away from the piano"可知,在沒有鋼琴的情況下進行很多練習:我們稱之為心理練習。故選 A 項。
第二節(jié):選擇適當單詞或詞組,并根據需要改變形式填空,使語法正確句意合理。(其中有兩個是多余的)共兩部分,
56. 考查動詞。句意:這張全班同學在永泰拍攝的照片讓我們想起了學生們在軍訓期間與他們的教官一起度過的日子。remind"提醒",keep sb.reminded of sth."使某人想起某事"。故填 reminded。
57. 考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:正如你所看到的,現在正在采取很多措施來保護野生動物, 國家動物保護區(qū)的情況也在好轉。主語 much 和動詞 do 之間為被動關系,應用被動語態(tài), 根據 things are getting 可知時態(tài)是現在進行時,應用現在進行時的被動語態(tài),much 作主語時謂語動詞用單數,be 動詞應用 is。故填 is being done。
58. 考查名詞。句意:他把所有的錢都捐給了慈善機構,我們對他的慷慨感到驚訝。generous"慷慨的",介詞 at 后應用名詞,generosity"慷慨,大方"。故填 generosity。
59. 考查動詞。句意:夏天臨近,天氣越來越熱。所以許多學生開始穿夏季的衣服。approach" 接近",本題使用 with 的復合結構"with+名詞+doing",現在分詞作賓補,表主動和進行。故填 approaching。
60. 考查名詞的數。句意:日常生活中小問題的解決方法可能是偉大發(fā)明的靈感。inspire"激勵,賦予靈感",may be 和介詞 for 之間應用名詞,inspiration"啟示,靈感",且主語 The solutions 為復數,此處應用名詞的復數形式。故填 inspirations。
61. 考查名詞。句意:一切都開始好轉,經濟也顯示出復蘇的跡象。recover"恢復(健康) ",介詞 of 后應接名詞,recovery"康復,復蘇"。故填 recovery。
62. 考查名詞。句意:每個國家對"人權"一詞都有自己的定義。define"定義",代詞 its 和介詞 of 之間應用名詞,根據句意此處表示單數含義。故填 definition。
63. 考查副詞。句意:他在學校顯然討厭數學,這一點大家都知道。evident"清楚的,顯然 的",此處修飾動詞 hated 應用副詞。故填 evidently。
64. 考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:應該把屬于孩子們的快樂時光還給他們。belong to"屬于",句中缺少謂語動詞,因表示的是一般事實,要用一般現在時,關系代詞 that 的先行詞 time 是不可數名詞,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。故填:belongs to。
65. 考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:be concerned about"擔心某事",根據句中 will 要用一般現在時, 主語 you 后 be 動詞用 are。故填:are concerned about。
66. 考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:他上星期提議我們每人為福州的文化遺產捐款。make a proposal"
提出建議",根據時間狀語 last week,要用一般過去時。故填:made a proposal。
67. 考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:這些物種如何適應新環(huán)境仍然是個謎。adapt to"適應",助動詞do 后接動詞原形。故填:adapt to。
68. 考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:在現代人中,大腦占總體重的 2%﹣3%。account for "(在數量方面)占",因表示的是一般事實,要用一般現在時,主語 brain 是單數,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。故填:accounts for。
69. 考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:這個街區(qū)位于鎮(zhèn)中心。be located"位于",因表示的是一般事實, 要用一般現在時,主語 block 是單數,be 動詞用 is。故填:is located。
70. 考查動詞不定式。句意:警察終于設法找到了從監(jiān)獄逃跑的囚犯。track down"跟蹤追捕",manage to do sth."成功做成某事",是固定搭配。故填:to track down。
第三節(jié)語法填空 閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入 1 個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
71. 考查冠詞。句意:為了幫助解決這個問題,他有了一個創(chuàng)造性的想法——制造像貨幣一樣的塑料,他稱之為"塑料銀行"。idea"想法"為可數名詞,結合語境可知,此處泛指" 一個想法",且形容詞 creative 是發(fā)音以輔音音素開頭的單詞,應用不定冠詞 a。故填 a。72.考查副詞。句意:"塑料銀行"的目標是用塑料來幫助人們逐步解決這些問題。分析可知,空處需用副詞 gradually"逐漸地"作狀語,修飾動詞 solve。故填 gradually。
73. 考查介詞。句意:"塑料銀行"通過付錢給回收塑料垃圾的人來增加塑料垃圾的價值。add...to..."把......加在 ",固定搭配。故填 to。
74. 考查賓語從句連接詞。句意:在"塑料銀行"市場,人們可以用收集到的塑料換取他們需要的東西。分析可知,此處引導賓語從句,指物,意為" 的東西",故應用連接代詞 what 引導該賓語從句。故填 what。
75. 考查動詞不定式。句意:塑料銀行市場出售很多東西以方便當地人。名詞所有格 local people's 后應用名詞作介詞 for 的賓語,convenience 為不可數名詞。故填 convenience。76.考查固定搭配。句意:這些商店還允許塑料收集者用他們賺的錢支付醫(yī)療保健或學校 費用。根據句意表示"為……付款",應用固定搭配 pay for…。故填 for。
77. 考查定語從句關系詞。句意:為了確保塑料被回收利用,"塑料銀行"與同意使用回收的塑料的合作伙伴合作。分析句子結構可知,此處引導非限制性定語從句,先行詞是partners,指人,關系詞在從句中作主語,故應用關系代詞 who 引導該定語從句。故填who。
78. 考查連詞。句意:當顧客購買這些標有"社會塑料"標簽的產品時,他們知道,他們既幫助了世界其他地區(qū)的人們,也讓塑料遠離海洋。根據句意可知,短語 both…and…" 既……又……"符合題意。故填 and。
79. 考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:到目前為止,塑料銀行已經將大約 700 萬磅的塑料從海洋中清除。根據時間狀語 so far"目前"可知,句子應用現在完成時,其結構為"have/has done",主語 the Plastic Bank 是單數,助動詞應用 has。故填 has kept。
80. 考查可數名詞單數。句意:它為海洋世界做出了巨大貢獻。分析可知,此處應用名詞作make 的賓語,結合空前不定冠詞 a 可知,此處應用其單數形式,make a great contribution to..."對……做出巨大貢獻"。故填 contribution。
81. 考查動詞不定式。句意:這筆錢計劃在四年內提供,旨在幫助該地區(qū)約 1000 名無家可歸者。plan 后跟動詞不定式作賓語,表示"計劃做某事",故填 to give。
82. 考查過去分詞。句意:一個位于 Wood bridge 的組織預計將收到﹩150 萬。分析句子可知,"(base) in Wood bridge"作定語,base 與 One agency 是被動關系,故用過去分詞, 故填 based。
83. 考查動詞不定式。句意:一個位于 Wood bridge 的組織預計將收到﹩150 萬。be expected to do sth."被預計……",用不定式作主語補足語,故填 to receive。
84. 考查動名詞。句意:該組織負責人表示,他們將把資源集中在教育無家可歸者上。介 詞后接動名詞作賓語,故填 educating。
85. 考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:學校﹣家庭正是它聽起來的樣子。描述現狀,所以用一般現在時態(tài),主語為 it,所以謂語用第三人稱單數,故填 sounds。
86. 考查動詞不定式。句意:我們提供住宿,并教他們如何成為園丁、畫家、木匠、磚匠、 電工和空調修理工。此處為"how to do"作賓語,故填 to be。
87. 考查動詞時態(tài)。句意:事實上,幾周前,我們辦公室的空調壞了。ago 常和一般過去時態(tài)連用,故填 went。
,88.考查動詞不定式。句意:令我們驚訝的是,修理工竟然是我們第一批無家可歸的學生 之一。turn out to be"結果是",為固定搭配,故填 to be。
89. 考查動詞時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:他現在擁有這個城市一半的空調修理業(yè)務,外加兩 棟房子、兩輛車和一艘船!own"擁有",不用進行時態(tài),根據時間狀語 now,可知用一般現在時態(tài),主語為 he,所以謂語用第三人稱單數,故填 owns。
90. 考查動名詞。句意:所以,我們不用繳費就可以修理空調,這并不奇怪。作介詞的賓 語,所以用動名詞,表示"被收費",所以用動名詞的被動形式,故填 being charged。
第四部分:課文背誦背誦:請按照課文將以下句子填完整
91. 根據句意,橫線處應是 there comes a time,there comes a time when…是固定句型,意為"……的時代已經到來",when 是關系副詞,引導定語從句,單詞 there 在句首,首字母大寫。故填:There comes a time。
92. 根據括號內詞義,"學會與大自然和諧相處"可譯為 learn to live in harmony with nature,陳述一般事實,應用一般現在時。故填:learn to live in harmony with nature。
93. 根據括號內詞義,"每個人都可以上網"可譯為 everyone can surf the Internet,根據句意可知,應用一般現在時。故填:everyone can surf the Internet。
94. 根據括號內詞義,"在網上制造麻煩"可譯為 stir up trouble online,in order to do sth."為了……",所以此處應用動詞原形。故填:stir up trouble online。
95. 根據括號內詞義,"起伏的青山點綴著綿羊和牛"可譯為 rolling green hills dotted with sheep
and cattle。這里是 with+賓語+賓補的復合結構,賓語是 its rolling green hill(s起伏的青山),賓補是 dot with sheep and cattle,因賓補和賓語是動賓關系,因此用過去分詞形式。故填:rolling green hills dotted with sheep and cattle。
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