?深圳市龍崗區(qū)德琳學(xué)校2022—2023學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期
高二期中考試英語試卷
第一部分、基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)(每題1.5分，20小題，共30分)
單項(xiàng)選擇從每題所給的A，B，C，D，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
1. The organization calls on everyone to try their best to ________ the limited natural resources.
A. consume B. consult C. preserve D. prevent
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：該組織呼吁每個(gè)人盡最大努力保護(hù)有限的自然資源。A. consume消耗；B. consult咨詢；C. preserve保護(hù)；D. prevent阻礙。根據(jù)“The organization calls on”和“the limited natural resources”可推知，此處該組織呼吁的是保護(hù)有限的自然資源，preserve“保護(hù)”符合題意。故選C。
2. The speed limit says that you can drive at a ________ speed of 60km/h on the expressway.
A. maximum B. minimum C. timeless D. critical
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：限速規(guī)定你可以在高速公路上最低以60公里/小時(shí)的速度行駛。A. maximum最高的，最多的，最大極限的；B. minimum最低的，最小的，最低限度的；C. timeless不受時(shí)間影響的，永恒的；D. critical批判性的，挑剔的，至關(guān)緊要的。根據(jù)句中“speed of 60km/h on the expressway”可知此處指的是高速公路上行駛的最低時(shí)速。故選B。
3. We are________ succeed if we stick to our primary goal.
A. consistent with B. bound to
C. susceptible to D. devoted to
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：如果我們堅(jiān)持我們的首要目標(biāo)，我們一定會(huì)成功。A.be consistent with與……一致；B. be bound to一定；C. be susceptible to對……敏感；D.be devoted to獻(xiàn)身于……。根據(jù)句意及常識(shí)可知，如果堅(jiān)持目標(biāo)，一定會(huì)成功。故選B。
4. He leads an ________ life, so it is very easy for him to satisfy with what he has.
A. unjust B. uneasy C. uncomplicated D. intricate
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他過著簡單的生活，所以他很容易滿足于他所擁有的。A. unjust不公平的；B. uneasy不穩(wěn)定的；C. uncomplicated簡單的；D. intricate錯(cuò)綜復(fù)雜的。根據(jù)“it is very easy for him to satisfy with what he has”可知，他很容易滿足于他所擁有的，由此推知他應(yīng)該是過著簡單的生活，uncomplicated“簡單的”符合題意。故選C。
5. We are committed to ________ all customer complaints within 10 days.
A. responding to B. respond to C. fight against D. fighting against
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：我們承諾在10天內(nèi)對所有客戶投訴作出回應(yīng)。respond to對……作出回應(yīng)；fight against與……作斗爭，反抗。根據(jù)“are committed to”可知，此處用固定短語be committed to doing sth.，意為“承諾做……”，空處需用動(dòng)名詞形式作to的賓語，故可排除B和C項(xiàng)；結(jié)合“are committed to”表示“承諾”可知，respond to“對……作出回應(yīng)”符合題意，表示“承諾對所有客戶投訴作出回應(yīng)”。故選A。
6. I was so disappointed at that restaurant—its service failed to live up to its________.
A. recognition B. recreation C. reputation D. registration
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我對那家餐館很失望——它的服務(wù)辜負(fù)了它的名聲。A. recognition識(shí)別；B. recreation娛樂；C. reputation聲譽(yù)；D. registration登記。此處指的是我對這家飯館失望，所以應(yīng)該是服務(wù)辜負(fù)了“聲譽(yù)”。故選C.
7. Gradually ______ finds its way into the ordinary homes, bringing fun as well as convenience to the people.
A. artificial intelligence B. reading comprehension
C. the cutting edge D. jet propulsion
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查短語辨析。句意：人工智能逐漸進(jìn)入普通家庭，給人們帶來了樂趣和便利。A. artificial intelligence人工智能；B. reading comprehension閱讀理解；C. the cutting edge最前沿D. jet propulsion噴射推進(jìn)。由下文“finds its way into the ordinary homes, bringing fun as well as convenience to the people.”可知，此處表示人工智能進(jìn)入普通家庭，給人們帶來了樂趣和便利，故選A。
8. We should start worrying about who will be the next ________ of the financial crisis. It could be anyone.
A. winner B. regulator C. peacekeeper D. victim
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們應(yīng)該開始擔(dān)心誰將成為金融危機(jī)的下一個(gè)受害者?？赡苁侨魏稳恕. winner獲勝者；B. regulator管理者；C. peacekeeper和平衛(wèi)士；D. victim受害者。根據(jù)“worrying about”和“It could be anyone.”推知此處表示金融危機(jī)的下一個(gè)受害者，victim“受害者”符合題意。故選D。
9. Sorry, we don’t allow ________ noises in the reading room.
A. made B. to make C. making D. to be made
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：對不起，我們不允許在閱覽室里制造噪音。allow doing為固定搭配，意為“允許做……”，使用動(dòng)名詞making作賓語。故選C。
10. ________ he can work out the challenging math problem remains to be seen.
A. Whether B. That C. Which D. Why
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查主語從句。句意：他是否能解出這道具有挑戰(zhàn)性的數(shù)學(xué)題還有待觀察。分析句子可知，空處引導(dǎo)名詞性從句作句子的主語，從句成分完整，空處需用連接詞，可排除C和D項(xiàng)，且結(jié)合“remains to be seen”可推知，從句內(nèi)容具有不確定性，應(yīng)用whether表達(dá)“是否”。故選A。
11. My father together with his workmates,________ been to Beijing.
A. has B. have C. had D. having
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查主謂一致。句意：我父親和他的同事們?nèi)ミ^北京。分析句子，together with連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞要和距離比較遠(yuǎn)的那個(gè)名詞一致，句子的主語為my father，為第三人稱單數(shù)，句子表述動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生，使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故用has。故選A。
12. Half of the class ________ most of the work, some of which ________ really difficult.
A. have done; is B. has done; are
C. has done; is D. have done; are
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查主謂一致。句意：班上有一半的人完成了大部分作業(yè)，其中有些作業(yè)真的很難。此句為主從復(fù)合句，第一空在主句中作謂語動(dòng)詞，表示到目前為止班上有一半的人完成了大部分作業(yè)，用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語Half of the class指的是全班的一半的人，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，填have done；第二空在非限制性定語從句中作謂語動(dòng)詞，此句陳述事實(shí)，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句主語some of which中的which指代先行詞work，從句謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)，填is。故選A。
13. More than one person ________ in the accident.
A. are injured B. has been injured C. was injured D. injured
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：不止一人在事故中受傷。A. are injured動(dòng)詞injure一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；B. has been injured動(dòng)詞injure現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；C. was injured動(dòng)詞injure一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；D. injured動(dòng)詞injure的一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語動(dòng)詞，此句陳述過去的事情，用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)，主語more than one person與動(dòng)詞injure之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，此句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)；“more than one+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)”作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用第三人稱單數(shù)。故選C。
14. Large amounts of money ______ spent on the magnificent building, but the poor ________not allowed to have a single room.
A. has been, are B. have been, is C. have been, are D. has been, is
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查主謂一致。句意：大量的錢花在了這座宏偉的建筑上，但窮人卻不能擁有一個(gè)單間。第一空主語money前有l(wèi)arge amounts of修飾，謂語動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)形式，排除A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)；第二空主語the poor，指一類人，謂語動(dòng)詞使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故選C。
15. Please remain ___ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A. to seat B. to be seated C. seating D. seated
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞做表語。句意：請坐好直到飛機(jī)完全停下來。seated是動(dòng)詞seat轉(zhuǎn)換而來的形容詞，與remain連用形成系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示狀態(tài)。故選D。
16. I have had my bike ________, and I’m going to get somebody ________ my radio tomorrow.
A. repair; to repair B. repairing; to be repaired
C. repaired; to repair D. to repair; repairing
【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我已經(jīng)請人修了我的自行車，明天我還打算請人來修我的收音機(jī)。分析句子可知，my bike與repair在邏輯上是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。第二個(gè)空考查get sb to do sth “讓某人做某事”，to do作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故選C項(xiàng)。
17. He pretended ________ his lessons when his mother came in.
A. to be doing B. to do C. to have done D. having done
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：他媽媽進(jìn)來時(shí)，他假裝正在做功課。根據(jù)“when his mother came in”可知，句子側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)當(dāng)他媽媽進(jìn)來時(shí)，他“正在”做功課，應(yīng)用固定短語pretend to be doing sth.，意為“假裝正在做……”，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行的過程中。故選A。
18. My teacher encouraged us to study hard ________ to a key university.
A. admitting B. admitted
C. to have been admitted D. to be admitted
【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：我的老師鼓勵(lì)我們努力學(xué)習(xí)，被一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取。分析句子可知，空處是非謂語動(dòng)詞，作目的狀語，且admit和邏輯主語us之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用不定式的被動(dòng)語態(tài)to be admitted。故選D。
19. “Things ________ never come again!” I couldn’t help saying to myself.
A. losing B. lost C. have lost D. have been lost
【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：“失去的東西一去不復(fù)返！”我忍不住對自己說。A. losing動(dòng)詞lose的現(xiàn)在分詞；B. lost動(dòng)詞lose的過去分詞；C. have lost動(dòng)詞lose的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)；D. have been lost動(dòng)詞lose現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處在句中為非謂語動(dòng)詞，作后置定語修飾名詞Things，動(dòng)詞lose與Things構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填lose的過去分詞。故選B。
20. ________ his English, he gets up early to listen to the radio every morning.
A. To improve B. improving C. improved D. to be improved
【答案】A
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：為了提高他的英語水平，他每天早上早起聽收音機(jī)。To improve動(dòng)詞improve的不定式；B. improving動(dòng)詞improve的現(xiàn)在分詞或者動(dòng)名詞；C. improved動(dòng)詞improve的過去分詞；D. to be improved動(dòng)詞improve不定式的被動(dòng)形式。句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析可知，“________ his English”在句中作目的狀語，句子主語為 he，設(shè)空處應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞不定式to improve。故選A。
第二部分、閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)
第一節(jié)(共15小題，每題2.5分，共37.5分)
閱讀短文，從所給的A，B，C，D選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳答案
A
Christmas is a time for eating great food, giving and receiving presents, and most importantly spending time with your family watching some classic Christmas movies.
The Grinch (2000)
This is a Christmas must-watch and one of Jim Carrey’s best performances. It was also originally a nursery tale book written by Dr Seuss. It’s the story of a green monster who wants to ruin Christmas but in the end discovers the power of love and generosity. I promise it’s a great film with plenty of laughs along the way.
Love Actually (2003)
While this is not a personal favourite of mine, people in the UK absolutely love this film. It has many featuring actors and actresses. It might be a little difficult to follow as there are complex plots, so I recommend watching a translated version. However, the heart-warming elements of the film make it worth watching.
Home Alone (1990)
This amusing masterwork is one of my favourite films of all time. It tells the story of a boy, Kevin, who is left alone in his house when his large family forgets to take him on vacation with them. While other family members are away, burglars try to rob the house and Kevin must protect his home by setting traps. The trips, falls and traps will have you laughing out loud as you watch an 8-year-oldboy beat two grown men.
Miracle on 34th Street (1994)
You can’t have Christmas in an English-speaking country without watching this movie. It’s not funny like Home Alone or The Grinch, but it is incredibly touching. It’s about a man who claims to be Santa, but nobody believes him except a lawyer and a little girl. The storyline may seem a little childish but you can enjoy it at any age.
21 Which film is adapted from a fairy tale?
A. The Grinch. B. Home Alone. C. Love Actually. D. Miracle on 34th Street.
22. What is Home Alone mainly about?
A. An unsuccessful family vacation.
B. A boy protecting his home by himself.
C. A terrible suffering of a little boy.
D. An 8-year-oldboy’s practical jokes.
23. Why is Miracle on 34th Street so popular?
A. Owing to its moving plot.
B. Because of its funny story.
C. Due to its childish storyline.
D. Because of its famous actors and actresses.
【答案】21. A 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了適合與家人一起看的經(jīng)典圣誕電影。
【21題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)The Grinch (2000)部分中“It was also originally a nursery tale book written by Dr Seuss.(它最初也是蘇斯博士寫的一本童話書)”可知，電影《圣誕怪杰》（The Grinch）由童話改編而來。故選A項(xiàng)。
【22題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Home Alone (1990)部分中“It tells the story of a boy, Kevin, who is left alone in his house when his large family forgets to take him on vacation with them. While other family members are away, burglars try to rob the house and Kevin must protect his home by setting traps.(它講述了一個(gè)小男孩凱文的故事，當(dāng)他的大家庭忘記帶他去度假時(shí)，他被獨(dú)自留在家里。當(dāng)其他家庭成員都不在的時(shí)候，竊賊試圖搶劫房子，凱文必須設(shè)置陷阱來保護(hù)他的家)”可知，電影《小鬼當(dāng)家》（Home Alone）主要講述了小男孩凱文獨(dú)自和竊賊斗爭，保護(hù)他的家的故事。故選B項(xiàng)。
【23題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Miracle on 34th Street (1994)部分中“It’s not funny like Home Alone or The Grinch, but it is incredibly touching. It’s about a man who claims to be Santa, but nobody believes him except a lawyer and a little girl.(它不像《小鬼當(dāng)家》或《圣誕怪杰》那樣有趣，但它非常感人。它講的是一個(gè)人自稱是圣誕老人，但除了一個(gè)律師和一個(gè)小女孩沒人相信他)”可知，電影《34街的奇跡》（Miracle on 34th Street）如此受歡迎的原因在于它感人的故事情節(jié)。故選A項(xiàng)。
B
Food waste is a serious problem. In 2010, nearly 133 billion pounds worth of food was transported to U.S. landfills. Food waste is truly a waste to all of humanity. That’s because when you throw out a rotten apple or a moldy container of leftovers, you’re not just throwing away the food, but all the resources that went into producing it.
Water plays a major role in food production, and as a result, food waste translates to a large amount of water wastage. All foods have a water footprint, the direct and indirect water that goes into producing a certain food, although some footprints are larger than others. In general, meats tend to need the most water for production, primarily because of the amount of food the animal needs. Also, larger animals aren’t as efficient in terms of meat production as smaller animals like chickens or turkeys, and the bigger beasts therefore have a larger water footprint.
Food waste has environmental impacts, too. “If you put all the food waste into one country, it would be the world’s third largest greenhouse gas emitter,” says Brian Lipinski, an associate in the World Resource Institute’s Food Program. Decomposing (分解) food that makes its way into landfills releases methane (甲烷), which is significantly more harmful to the environment than carbon dioxide.
All is not lost, however. There are many efforts underway to cut food loss at every level. The U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Environmental Protection Agency recently called for a 50 percent reduction in food waste by 2030. Meanwhile, Portland launched a citywide composting (堆制肥料) program a few years ago. And at the retail (零售) level, the former president of Trader Joe’s recently opened a store near Boston that sells surplus food donated by grocery stores at low prices.
Still, waste can’t be avoided. There’s never going to be some ideal or perfect way to eliminate it all. Fortunately, change at any level, whether it’s as a supplier, retailer or consumer, will help ease the impact of food waste on natural resources.
24. Why is wasting food a waste of water resources?
A. Food waste contains a lot of water.
B. Food waste causes water pollution.
C. Food production needs plenty of water.
D. Dealing with food waste consumes much water.
25. How does food waste influence the environment?
A. It smells rather terrible.
B. It poisons the soil severely.
C. It carries a lot of bacteria.
D. It releases a greenhouse gas.
26. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. Strategies for ensuring food safety.
B. Measures for reducing food waste.
C. Benefits of the composting program.
D. Causes of monitoring food production.
27. What does the author convey in the last paragraph?
A. Better late than never.
B. Content is better than riches.
C. Many hands make light work.
D. Make hay while the sun shines.
【答案】24. C 25. D 26. B 27. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了食物浪費(fèi)不僅浪費(fèi)了生產(chǎn)過程中使用的資源，而且會(huì)對環(huán)境造成負(fù)面影響，現(xiàn)在各方正在采取措施減少食物浪費(fèi)，以緩解食物浪費(fèi)對自然資源的影響。
【24題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Water plays a major role in food production, and as a result, food waste translates to a large amount of water wastage.（水在食物生產(chǎn)中起著重要作用，因此，食物浪費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)化為大量的水浪費(fèi)。）”可知，浪費(fèi)食物就是在浪費(fèi)水是因?yàn)槭澄锷a(chǎn)過程中需要大量的水。故選C項(xiàng)。
【25題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Decomposing (分解) food that makes its way into landfills releases methane (甲烷), which is significantly more harmful to the environment than carbon dioxide.（食物分解后進(jìn)入垃圾填埋場會(huì)釋放出甲烷，這比二氧化碳對環(huán)境的危害要大得多。）”可知，被浪費(fèi)的食物會(huì)釋放出溫室氣體，破壞環(huán)境。故選D項(xiàng)。
【26題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段中“There are many efforts underway to cut food loss at every level. The U.S. Department of Agriculture and the Environmental Protection Agency recently called for a 50 percent reduction in food waste by 2030. Meanwhile, Portland launched a citywide composting (堆制肥料) program a few years ago. And at the retail (零售) level, the former president of Trader Joe’s recently opened a store near Boston that sells surplus food donated by grocery stores at low prices.（在各個(gè)層面上都在努力減少食物損失。美國農(nóng)業(yè)部和環(huán)境保護(hù)署最近呼吁到2030年將食物浪費(fèi)減少50%。與此同時(shí)，波特蘭在幾年前啟動(dòng)了一項(xiàng)全市范圍的堆肥計(jì)劃。在零售層面，Trader Joe’s的前總裁最近在波士頓附近開了一家店，以低價(jià)出售雜貨店捐贈(zèng)的剩余食品。）”可知，本段介紹了各方為減少食物損失而采取的措施，既有宏觀政策層面的，也有零售層面的。故選B項(xiàng)。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Still, waste can’t be avoided. There’s never going to be some ideal or perfect way to eliminate it all. Fortunately, change at any level, whether it’s as a supplier, retailer or consumer, will help ease the impact of food waste on natural resources.（然而，浪費(fèi)是無法避免的。永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)有理想或完美的方法來消除它。幸運(yùn)的是，任何層面的改變，無論是作為供應(yīng)商、零售商還是消費(fèi)者，都將有助于緩解食物浪費(fèi)對自然資源的影響。）”可知，雖然食物浪費(fèi)無法完美地解決，但是任何一方的努力都可以緩解它對自然資源造成的影響。由此推知，作者想表達(dá)在采取行動(dòng)減少食物浪費(fèi)的問題上，遲做總比不做好。故選A項(xiàng)。
C
The African penguin is expected to go extinct in the wild in just over a decade, given its current population decline. The main reason is a lack of food caused by disturbance to ocean conditions from global heating and competition from the commercial fishing industry. According to a study, scientists have identified a possible additional cause, one that is an entirely new threat and that further prevents the penguins from finding food: noise pollution from marine (海洋的) ships in a bay.
Since 2016, a new shipping practice has started at Algoa Bay. The bay offers ship-to-ship refueling (加油) for ships anchored onshore. Since the start of this practice, marine traffic in the bay has doubled. The number of bulk carriers (散裝貨船) pulling into the bay has increased tenfold. Thus, the noise levels in the area had doubled and the population of penguins has dropped sharply. High noise levels affect the ability of marine animals to find food, communicate or navigate properly.
Researchers used data from ship identification tools to estimate underwater noise from passing ships. They also attached underwater microphones and accelerometers (加速計(jì)) to some of the penguins. Recording the noise will tell researchers what the penguins are hearing, if they’re talking while hunting, if they’re changing their movements in response to noise, and if the noise is drowning out their hunting conversations. This will allow researchers to determine whether the sound disturbance is a direct cause of the penguins’ ongoing difficulties in finding sufficient food.
The study is the first to explore the effects of ocean traffic noise pollution on seabirds and the consequences of offshore shipping activities on underwater noise levels. Experts are considering proposing various global best-practice approaches to reduce some of the impacts of noise pollution, such as policies that limit the number and size of ships allowed into a bay of this kind. “We also need more scientific monitoring of noise, before these measures are put in place and afterward, so that we have a proper understanding of what works,” a researcher said.
28. What is the cause of the high-level noise at Algoa Bay?
A. The busy ship-to-ship refueling activities.
B. The frequent large-scale fishing practices.
C. The increasing number of offshore power plants.
D. The construction of natural reserves for marine animals.
29. Why did scientists record the noise?
A. To study the way of relieving marine traffic pressure.
B. To determine and analyze the source of ocean noise pollution.
C. To calculate underwater noise levels caused by different ships.
D. To explore the impact of ocean noise on penguins’ hunting behavior.
30. What could be a solution to noise pollution according to experts?
A. Collecting a transport taxon passing ships.
B. Banning unapproved offshore shipping activities.
C. Restricting the number and size of ships in the bay.
D. Establishing a long-term monitoring system for underwater noise.
31. What is the main idea of the text?
A. Global warming makes it harder for animals to find food.
B. High-level noise poses a threat to both humans and animals.
C. Noise from marine ships causes African penguins to go extinct.
D. Shipping activities reduce the species of sea animals in Algoa Bay.
【答案】28. A 29. D 30. C 31. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，海灣中船只的噪音污染進(jìn)一步阻礙了企鵝尋找食物，導(dǎo)致企鵝數(shù)量急劇減少。高噪音水平會(huì)影響海洋動(dòng)物正確覓食、交流或?qū)Ш降哪芰?，?dǎo)致海洋動(dòng)物數(shù)量減少。
【28題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Since 2016, a new shipping practice has started at Algoa Bay. The bay offers ship-to-ship refueling (加油) for ships anchored onshore. Since the start of this practice, marine traffic in the bay has doubled. The number of bulk carriers (散裝貨船) pulling into the bay has increased tenfold. Thus, the noise levels in the area had doubled and the population of penguins has dropped sharply. (自2016年以來，Algoa灣開始了一項(xiàng)新的航運(yùn)業(yè)務(wù)。該海灣為停泊在岸上的船只提供船對船加油服務(wù)。自從這種做法開始以來，海灣的海上交通量翻了一番。駛?cè)牒车纳⒇洿瑪?shù)量增加了十倍。因此，該地區(qū)的噪音水平翻了一番，企鵝數(shù)量急劇下降。)”可知，Algoa灣為停泊在岸上的船只提供船對船加油服務(wù)使此海灣的交通量和散貨船數(shù)量增加，導(dǎo)致該地區(qū)的噪音水平翻了一番，由此可知，繁忙的船對船加油活動(dòng)是Algoa灣高噪音的原因。故選A。
【29題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Researchers used data from ship identification tools to estimate underwater noise from passing ships. They also attached underwater microphones and accelerometers (加速計(jì)) to some of the penguins. Recording the noise will tell researchers what the penguins are hearing, if they’re talking while hunting, if they’re changing their movements in response to noise, and if the noise is drowning out their hunting conversations. This will allow researchers to determine whether the sound disturbance is a direct cause of the penguins’ ongoing difficulties in finding sufficient food.(研究人員使用船只識(shí)別工具的數(shù)據(jù)來估計(jì)過往船只的水下噪音。他們還在一些企鵝身上安裝了水下麥克風(fēng)和加速度計(jì)。記錄噪音可以告訴研究人員企鵝聽到了什么，它們在捕獵時(shí)是否在說話，它們是否在改變動(dòng)作以應(yīng)對噪音，以及噪音是否淹沒了它們的捕獵對話。這將使研究人員能夠確定聲音干擾是否是企鵝持續(xù)難以找到足夠食物的直接原因。)”可知，科學(xué)家們記錄下這些噪音，是為了探索海洋噪音對企鵝捕食行為的影響。故選D。
【30題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Experts are considering proposing various global best-practice approaches to reduce some of the impacts of noise pollution, such as policies that limit the number and size of ships allowed into a bay of this kind.(專家們正在考慮提出各種全球最佳實(shí)踐方法，以減少噪音污染的一些影響，例如限制進(jìn)入這類海灣的船只數(shù)量和大小的政策。)”可知，可以通過限制船只進(jìn)入海灣減少噪音污染。故選C。
【31題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“The African penguin is expected to go extinct in the wild in just over a decade, given its current population decline. The main reason is a lack of food caused by disturbance to ocean conditions from global heating and competition from the commercial fishing industry. According to a study, scientists have identified a possible additional cause, one that is an entirely new threat and that further prevents the penguins from finding food: noise pollution from marine (海洋的) ships in a bay.(考慮到目前非洲企鵝數(shù)量的下降，預(yù)計(jì)在十多年后野生非洲企鵝將滅絕。主要原因是全球變暖對海洋環(huán)境的干擾和商業(yè)捕魚業(yè)的競爭造成了食物短缺。根據(jù)一項(xiàng)研究，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)確定了一個(gè)可能的額外原因，這是一個(gè)全新的威脅，進(jìn)一步阻止企鵝尋找食物：海灣中船舶的噪音污染。)”以及第二段中“Since 2016, a new shipping practice has started at Algoa Bay. The bay offers ship-to-ship refueling (加油) for ships anchored onshore. Since the start of this practice, marine traffic in the bay has doubled. The number of bulk carriers (散裝貨船) pulling into the bay has increased tenfold. Thus, the noise levels in the area had doubled and the population of penguins has dropped sharply. High noise levels affect the ability of marine animals to find food, communicate or navigate properly.(自2016年以來，Algoa海灣開始了一項(xiàng)新的航運(yùn)業(yè)務(wù)。該海灣為停泊在岸上的船只提供船對船加油服務(wù)。自從這種做法開始以來，海灣的海上交通量翻了一番。駛?cè)牒车纳⒇洿瑪?shù)量增加了十倍。因此，該地區(qū)的噪音水平翻了一番，企鵝數(shù)量急劇下降。高噪音水平會(huì)影響海洋動(dòng)物正確覓食、交流或?qū)Ш降哪芰Α?”可知本文主要闡述了一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，航運(yùn)活動(dòng)造成的高噪音使Algoa海灣的海洋動(dòng)物種類減少；由此可知，D選項(xiàng)“Shipping activities reduce the species of sea animals in Algoa Bay.(航運(yùn)活動(dòng)減少了Algoa灣的海洋動(dòng)物種類。)”符合文章主旨。故選D。
D
There’s a new AI bot: ChatGPT, and you’d better pay attention, even if you aren’t into artificial intelligence. The tool is an AI chatbot system that OpenAI released in November 2022 to show off and test what a very large, powerful AI system can achieve.
ChatGPT remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It derives its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet. ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAI GPT-3 family of large language models and is fine-tuned (a method of transfer learning) using both supervised and reinforcement learning (監(jiān)督和強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)).
You can ask ChatGPT anything, like explaining physics, asking for birthday party ideas and getting programming (編程) help. Perhaps it’s not smart enough to replace all humans yet, but it can be creative, and its answers can sound downright authoritative. A few days after its launch, more than 1 million people were trying out ChatGPT. UBS analyst Lloyd Walmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January, accomplishing in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years.
ChatGPT is free to use at the moment because it is still in its research phase. But when too many people hop onto the server (服務(wù)器), it overloads and can’t process your request. It just means you should try visiting the site at a later time when fewer people are trying to access it. If you want to skip the wait and have reliable access, there is an option for you. As of Feb.1, 2023, OpenAI has a ChatGPT pro plan, ChatGPT Plus, which allows users to have general access even during peak times. This service does come at a cost of $20 / month.’
However, ChatGPT can not replace Google. ChatGPT is an artificial intelligence bot that provides solutions to your questions, but Google is a search engine in which you can search for as much information as possible. ChatGPT has limited knowledge due to its programming but Google has unlimited knowledge which is updated every day.
32. What does paragraph 2 mainly tell us about ChatGPT?
A. Its language model. B. Its working theory.
C. Its design inspiration. D. Its development process.
33. Why does the author list figures in paragraph 3?
A. To show the popularity of ChatGPT.
B. To stress the high cost of inventing ChatGPT.
C. To present the creativity of artificial intelligence.
D. To prove the necessity of developing tools for chatting online.
34. What is ChatGPT Plus intended for?
A. Guiding users to experience free services.
B. Allowing net surfers to skip advertisements.
C. Helping researchers detect the failure of the system.
D. Offering consumers priority access during peak hours.
35. What is a limitation of ChatGPT compared with Google?
A. It operates based on limited data.
B. It takes more time to search for solutions.
C. It can only update information at a fixed time.
D. It may provide replies unrelated to the questions.
【答案】32. B 33. A 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。介紹了ChatGPT的出現(xiàn)，市場反應(yīng)，并對它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)及弊端進(jìn)行分析。
【32題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“ChatGPT remembers the thread of your dialogue, using previous questions and answers to inform its next responses. It derives its answers from huge volumes of information on the Internet. ChatGPT is built on top of the OpenAI GPT-3 family of large language models and is fine-tuned (a method of transfer learning) using both supervised and reinforcement learning (監(jiān)督和強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)). (ChatGPT會(huì)記住你對話的線索，使用之前的問題和答案來告知它的下一個(gè)回答。它從互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上的海量信息中獲得答案。ChatGPT建立在OpenAI GPT-3家族的大型語言模型之上，并使用監(jiān)督學(xué)習(xí)和強(qiáng)化學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行了微調(diào))”可知，本段描述了ChatGPT的操作使用，告訴我們它的工作原理。故選B項(xiàng)。
【33題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“A few days after its launch, more than 1 million people were trying out ChatGPT. UBS analyst Lloyd Walmsley estimated in February 2023 that ChatGPT reached 100 million monthly users in January, accomplishing in 2 months what took TikTok about 9 months and Instagram two and a half years. (ChatGPT上線幾天后，就有超過100萬人在試用。UBS分析師Lloyd Walmsley在2023年2月估計(jì)，ChatGPT在1月份的月用戶數(shù)達(dá)到了1億，只用了兩個(gè)月的時(shí)間，就完成了TikTok大約9個(gè)月和Instagram兩年半的任務(wù))”可知，本段所列數(shù)字顯示ChatGPT非常受歡迎。故選A項(xiàng)。
【34題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“As of Feb. 1, 2023, OpenAI has aChatGPT pro plan, ChatGPT Plus, which allows users to have general access even during peak times. This service does come at a cost of $20/month. (截至2023年2月1日，OpenAI推出了aChatGPT專業(yè)計(jì)劃ChatGPT Plus，允許用戶在高峰時(shí)段也能進(jìn)行一般訪問。這項(xiàng)服務(wù)的費(fèi)用是每月20美元)”可知，ChatGPT Plus的目的是在高峰時(shí)段給予用戶優(yōu)先訪問權(quán)。故選D項(xiàng)。
35題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“ChatGPT has limited knowledge due to its programming but Google has unlimited knowledge which is updated every day. (由于它的編程，ChatGPT的知識(shí)有限，但谷歌有無限的知識(shí)，每天都在更新)”可知，與谷歌相比，ChatGPT局限性是基于有限的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行操作。故選A項(xiàng)。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
We know that choosing a college major can be very hard. But have no fear! Your choice of major will not lock you into a specific career for the rest of your life. Here's what you need to know about college majors before you commit.
What is a major?
___36___Beyond general college requirements， you'll also take a group of courses in a subject of your choosing such as Chemistry， Literature， or Political Science.
How important is my major?
The major you choose will neither predict nor guarantee your future. Many graduates find jobs that have nothing to do with what they studied in college. If you intend to earn a professional degree after college， you will probably need certain courses. ___37___
When do I declare a major?
This varies widely across schools and programs.____38____Others require that you declare upon a major by the time that you set foot inside your first class.
___39___
Definitely. One of the most exciting aspects of college life is that it introduces you to new subjects and arouses new passions. However， keep this in mind. Every major has necessary coursework. If you change your major late in the game， it may take more than the traditional four years to earn a degree.
What are minors and double majors?
If one field of study doesn’t satisfy your intellectual appetite， consider a minor. A minor is similar to a major in that it’s an area of academic concentration.___40___A double major provides you with an understanding of two academic fields. It allows you to become familiar with two sets of values and views while it also requires you to fulfill two sets of requirements.
A. Can I change my mind?
B. Is my major time-consuming?
C. It's your specialized area of study in college.
D. Most students find one major is more than enough.
E. Some schools may give you one year or more to decide.
F. But many future doctors major in non-science related fields.
G. The only difference is that it doesn’t require as many classes.
【答案】36. C 37. F 38. E 39. A 40. G
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文，介紹了關(guān)于大學(xué)所選專業(yè)的一些信息。
【36題詳解】
本段小標(biāo)題為“什么是專業(yè)？”，根據(jù)下文Beyond general college requirements， you'll also take a group of courses in a subject of your choosing such as Chemistry， Literature， or Political Science.可知，除了通用的大學(xué)要求，你還將學(xué)習(xí)一門你選擇的課程，如化學(xué)，文學(xué)或政治科學(xué)。符合本段主題，承接下文，C項(xiàng)（這是你在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域。）切題。故選C項(xiàng)。
【37題詳解】
根據(jù)上文If you intend to earn a professional degree after college， you will probably need certain courses.可知，如果你打算在大學(xué)畢業(yè)后獲得專業(yè)學(xué)位，您可能需要某些特定的課程。F項(xiàng)（但許多未來的醫(yī)生主修非科學(xué)相關(guān)領(lǐng)域。）與之形成對比，闡釋了“The major you choose will neither predict nor guarantee your future.（你的專業(yè)選擇既不會(huì)預(yù)測也不會(huì)保證你的未來）”這一句話，故選F項(xiàng)。
【38題詳解】
根據(jù)上文This varies widely across schools and programs可知，關(guān)于什么時(shí)候選專業(yè)，不同學(xué)校和項(xiàng)目的差異很大。根據(jù)下文Others require that you declare upon a major by the time that you set foot inside your first class.可知，其他學(xué)校則要求你在上第一節(jié)課時(shí)就申請專業(yè)。承上啟下，E項(xiàng)（有些學(xué)?？赡軙?huì)給你一天或以上的時(shí)間去決定）切題，故選E項(xiàng)。
【39題詳解】
根據(jù)這一段中If you change your major late in the game可知，這一段與換專業(yè)有關(guān)，故選A項(xiàng)（我可以改變主意嗎？）
【40題詳解】
根據(jù)上文If one field of study doesn' t satisfy your intellectual appetite， consider a minor. A minor is similar to a major in that it’s an area of academic concentration.可知，如果一個(gè)研究領(lǐng)域不能滿足您的智力需求，考慮輔修。輔修專業(yè)與主專業(yè)相似的地方是它們都是學(xué)術(shù)集中的領(lǐng)域。承接上文，G項(xiàng)（唯一的區(qū)別是它不需要上那么多課。）切題，故選G項(xiàng)。
第三部分、完形填空(共20小題，每題1.5分，共30分)
閱讀短文從所給的A，B，C，D所給的選項(xiàng)中選擇最佳答案
I had some rock climbing experience when I was in college. I was ready for a(n)___41___ once again to escape the noisy urban environment. Then came the___42___. My friend Michael , an excellent rock climber , told me he had been planning to go rock climbing in Yosemite Valley and asked me to___43___with him.
I accepted his invitation. When we arrived at the destination, Michael pointed upward and said, “This is it. Get ready.” It was nearly vertical (垂直的), 2,000 feet high. “You are kidding!” I said,___44___ he would tell me to cancel it.___45___, when he began unpacking ropes, I knew he was___46___.I had to put on my climbing shoes and adjust my pack though I felt quite___47___to take up the challenge.
Michael moved fast. When the rope was almost out, he___48___himself and yelled at me, “Come on. Climb!”___49___, step by step, I made my way straight up. About 300 feet off the ground, I looked down. I was____50____ in mid-air, but I still had 1,700 feet to go. Then my legs began to____51____. I called out, "Michael. This is beyond my____52____.
I had told Michael that we should be____53____and stick to the belief that we shouldn’t give up easily. Now he yelled to me, “Cheer up. As you once told me, you have no choice but to____54____.” He was right. I had to____55____ myself. So I gathered my____56____ and began to climb. I finally reached Michael.
Enjoying a good____57____ of Yosemite Valley at the top with Michael, I felt proud that I had____58____ it. Most importantly, from that____59____ I learned we should never give up easily whenever we meet some difficulties and that hard work will ____60____eventually.
41. A. competition B. sacrifice C. adventure D. celebration
42. A. test B. voice C. result D. chance
43. A. participate B. compare C. reason D. agree
44. A. doubting B. realizing C. begging D. expecting
45. A. Therefore B. However C. Moreover D. Meanwhile
46. A. stubborn B. brave C. serious D. honest
47. A. uncomfortable B. unwilling C. energetic D. eager
48. A. praised B. admired C. devoted D. secured
49. A. Protected B. Forced C. Inspired D. Defeated
50. A. hung B. trapped C. flying D. enjoying
51. A. ache B. bend C. shake D. escape
52. A. ability B. hope C. question D. confidence
53. A. enthusiastic B. tough C. helpful D. careful
54. A. break away B. go ahead C. watch out D. give over
55. A. adore B. guide C. respect D. adjust
56. A. talent B. trust C. courage D. passion
57. A. concept B. view C. remark D. reputation
58. A. got B. learnt C. understood D. managed
59. A. consideration B. memory C. experience D. hardship
60. A. pay off B. take off C. turn out D. break out
【答案】41. C 42. D 43. A 44. D 45. B 46. C 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. A 51. C 52. A 53. B 54. B 55. D 56. C 57. B 58. D 59. C 60. A
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者和朋友去約塞米蒂山谷攀巖，中途作者想要放棄，但在朋友鼓勵(lì)下找回勇氣，成功登頂。這次經(jīng)歷讓作者明白我們不應(yīng)該輕易放棄，每當(dāng)我們遇到一些困難，努力工作最終會(huì)得到回報(bào)。
【41題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我準(zhǔn)備再一次冒險(xiǎn)，逃離喧鬧的城市環(huán)境。A. competition比賽；B. sacrifice犧牲；C. adventure冒險(xiǎn)；D. celebration慶祝。結(jié)合上文“I had some rock climbing experience when I was in college.”可知，作者曾經(jīng)有過一些攀巖經(jīng)歷，所以此處指的是再一次從事這種冒險(xiǎn)活動(dòng)。故選C。
【42題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然后機(jī)會(huì)來了。A. test測試；B. voice聲音；C. result結(jié)果；D. chance機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)后文“told me he had been planning to go rock climbing in Yosemite Valley and asked me to”可知，作者逃離城市的機(jī)會(huì)來了。故選D。
【43題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我的朋友邁克爾是一位優(yōu)秀的攀巖者，他告訴我，他一直計(jì)劃去約塞米蒂山谷攀巖，并邀請我和他一起參加。A. participate參加；B. compare比較；C. reason說服；D. agree同意。根據(jù)后文“I accepted his invitation.”可知，朋友邀請作者一起參加攀巖活動(dòng)。故選A。
【44題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“你是在開玩笑吧！”我說，期待他會(huì)告訴我取消這一行動(dòng)。A. doubting懷疑；B. realizing意識(shí)到；C. begging懇求；D. expecting期待。根據(jù)上文“You are kidding!”以及后文“he would tell me to cancel it.”可知，要攀巖的地方太過陡峭，作者期待著朋友說取消這一行動(dòng)。故選D。
【45題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，當(dāng)他開始解開繩子時(shí)，我知道他是認(rèn)真的。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Moreover此外；D. Meanwhile同時(shí)。根據(jù)前后文語境可知，為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，應(yīng)用however。故選B。
【46題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，當(dāng)他開始解開繩子時(shí)，我知道他是認(rèn)真的。A. stubborn固執(zhí)的；B. brave勇敢的；C. serious認(rèn)真的，嚴(yán)肅的；D. honest誠實(shí)的。根據(jù)上文“when he began unpacking ropes”可知，作者一開始以為朋友是開玩笑的，結(jié)果看到他在解開繩子，所以知道朋友是認(rèn)真的。故選C。
【47題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我不得不穿上登山鞋，調(diào)整背包，盡管我很不愿意接受這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。A. uncomfortable不安的；B. unwilling不愿意的；C. energetic精力充沛的；D. eager渴望的。對應(yīng)上文“he would tell me to cancel it.”可知，作者很不情愿接受這個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。故選B。
【48題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)繩子快到盡頭的時(shí)候，他保護(hù)好自己，對我喊道：“來吧。爬吧！”A. praised贊美；B. admired欽佩；C. devoted獻(xiàn)身于；D. secured保護(hù)。根據(jù)上文“When the rope was almost out”可知，攀巖繩子快到盡頭了，所以朋友應(yīng)該是先保護(hù)好自己，再呼喚作者。故選D。
【49題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：受到鼓舞，我一步一步地向上走。A. Protected保護(hù)；B. Forced迫使；C. Inspired鼓舞；D. Defeated擊敗。結(jié)合上文，作者看到朋友爬上去了，所以受到鼓舞也開始向上爬。故選C。
【50題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我被吊在半空中，但我還有1700英尺要走。A. hung懸掛；B. trapped誘捕；C. flying飛；D. enjoying欣賞。根據(jù)后文“in mid-air”結(jié)合作者從事的攀巖活動(dòng)可知，作者被吊在半空中。故選A。
【51題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后我的腿開始顫抖。A. ache疼痛；B. bend彎曲；C. shake顫抖，搖晃；D. escape逃跑。根據(jù)后文作者對朋友說這超出了自己的能力范圍，因此作者懸在半空中很害怕，雙腿顫抖。故選C。
【52題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這超出了我的能力范圍。A. ability能力；B. hope希望；C. question問題；D. confidence自信。根據(jù)上文“This is beyond my”可知，被吊在搬空的作者很害怕，告訴朋友說這超出了自己的能力范圍，想要放棄。故選A。
【53題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我告訴邁克爾，我們應(yīng)該堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，堅(jiān)持我們不應(yīng)該輕易放棄的信念。A. enthusiastic熱情的；B. tough堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，艱苦的；C. helpful有幫助的；D. careful仔細(xì)的。根據(jù)后文“stick to the belief that we shouldn't give up easily”可知，作者曾對朋友說要堅(jiān)強(qiáng)，堅(jiān)持不應(yīng)該輕易放棄的信念。故選B。
【54題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：正如你曾經(jīng)告訴我的，你除了繼續(xù)下去別無選擇。A. break away逃跑；B. go ahead前進(jìn)；C. watch out小心；D. give over交出。根據(jù)后文“you have no choice but to”以及“began to climb. I finally reached Michael.”可知，朋友對作者說除了繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，別無選擇。故選B。
【55題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我不得不調(diào)整自己。A. adore崇拜；B. guide指導(dǎo)；C. respect尊重；D. adjust調(diào)整。聽了朋友的話，作者調(diào)整自己的情緒，繼續(xù)往上攀巖。故選D。
【56題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：于是我鼓起勇氣開始往上爬。A. talent才能；B. trust信任；C. courage勇氣；D. passion熱情。根據(jù)后文“and began to climb”可知，作者開始攀巖，說明找回了勇氣。故選C。
【57題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：和邁克爾一起在山頂上欣賞著約塞米蒂山谷的美景，我為自己能做到這一點(diǎn)而感到自豪。A. concept概念；B. view風(fēng)景，觀點(diǎn)；C. remark評論；D. reputation名譽(yù)。根據(jù)后文“of Yosemite Valley at the top”可知，此處指約塞米蒂山谷山頂?shù)娘L(fēng)景。故選B。
【58題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：和邁克爾一起在山頂上欣賞著約塞米蒂山谷的美景，我為自己能做到這一點(diǎn)而感到自豪。A. got得到；B. learnt學(xué)習(xí)；C. understood理解；D. managed設(shè)法做成，管理。結(jié)合上文“of Yosemite Valley at the top with Michael, I felt proud that I had”可知，作者為自己設(shè)法爬到了山頂而自豪，manage it“完成”。故選D。
【59題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最重要的是，從那次經(jīng)歷中，我學(xué)到了我們不應(yīng)該輕易放棄，每當(dāng)我們遇到一些困難，努力工作最終會(huì)得到回報(bào)。A. consideration考慮；B. memory記憶；C. experience經(jīng)歷；D. hardship艱難。此處指作者從和朋友攀巖的這次經(jīng)歷中，學(xué)到了不應(yīng)該輕易放棄的道理。故選C。
【60題詳解】
考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：最重要的是，從那次經(jīng)歷中，我學(xué)到了我們不應(yīng)該輕易放棄，每當(dāng)我們遇到一些困難，努力工作最終會(huì)得到回報(bào)。A. pay off取得回報(bào)；B. take off關(guān)閉；C. turn out結(jié)果是；D. break out爆發(fā)。結(jié)合上文作者努力攀登到山頂，欣賞到了美景，為自己自豪。由此可知，努力工作最終會(huì)得到回報(bào)。故選A。
第四部分、語法填空(10小題，每題1.5分，共15分)
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)合適的單詞或所給單詞的正確形式。
Mary had lived in China for ____61____(near) twenty years before she came here. I’ve planned to visit China next year. So requested her to tell me the ____62____(good) time to go there. Mary said to me, “The most comfortable time to visit China is either between March and May or between September and early November. During these months, the weather is ____63____(particular) pleasant throughout the country, neither too hot no too cold.”
I’m ____64____(interest) in tasting all kinds of food all over the world. I asked her to say something about the ____65____(China) food. “Well, Chinese food is delicious and ____66____(reasonable) priced. What is even ____67____(good) is that restaurants do not ask for or accept tips,” she said ____68____(patient). “Language can be a problem in China, ____69____(especial) for first-time visitors,” said Mary. She advised me to learn some _____70_____(base) Chinese words and phrases. Moreover, she reminded me to carry an English-Chinese pocket dictionary.
【答案】61. nearly
62. best 63. particularly
64. interested
65. Chinese
66. reasonably
67. better 68. patiently
69. especially
70. basic
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。作者計(jì)劃明年游玩中國，向在中國生活過的瑪麗了解了游玩中國的最佳時(shí)間、中國的食物等信息。
【61題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：瑪麗來這里之前已經(jīng)在中國住了將近二十年了。結(jié)合句意可知，此處表示“將近二十年”，空處應(yīng)用near的副詞形式nearly，意為“將近，接近”。故填nearly。
【62題詳解】
考查形容詞最高級。句意：所以請她告訴我去那里的最佳時(shí)間。根據(jù)空前“The most comfortable time”和下文“The most comfortable time”可知，此處表示“最佳時(shí)間”，空處在定冠詞the后應(yīng)用good的最高級best，意為“最好的”。故填best。
【63題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：在這幾個(gè)月里，全國的天氣都特別宜人，既不太熱也不太冷。分析句子可知，空處修飾形容詞pleasant，應(yīng)用particular的副詞形式particularly，意為“特別，尤其”。故填particularly。
【64題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：我對品嘗世界各地的各種食物很感興趣。分析句子可知，空處作表語，應(yīng)用interest的形容詞形式interested，意為“感興趣的”，構(gòu)成固定短語be interested in，意為“對……感興趣”。故填interested。
【65題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：我請她談?wù)勚袊恕７治鼍渥涌芍?，空處是修飾food的定語，應(yīng)用China的形容詞形式Chinese，意為“中國的”。故填Chinese。
【66題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：嗯，中國菜好吃而且價(jià)格合理。分析句子可知，空處修飾動(dòng)詞priced，應(yīng)用reasonable的副詞形式reasonably，意為“合理地”。故填reasonably。
【67題詳解】
考查形容詞比較級。句意：更妙的是，餐館不收小費(fèi)。結(jié)合上文對中國食物的夸贊，以及空前“even”可知，此處表示“更好的是”，空處應(yīng)用good的比較級better，意為“更好的”。故填better。
【68題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：她耐心地說：“嗯，中國菜好吃而且價(jià)格合理。更妙的是，餐館不收小費(fèi)”。分析句子可知，空處修飾動(dòng)詞said，應(yīng)用patient的副詞形式patiently，意為“耐心地”。故填patiently。
【69題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：在中國，語言可能是個(gè)問題，尤其是對第一次來中國的人來說。分析句子可知，空處修飾介詞短語for first-time visitors，強(qiáng)調(diào)“尤其對于第一次來中國的人來說，語言是個(gè)問題”，應(yīng)用especial的副詞形式especially，意為“特別，尤其”。故填especially。
【70題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：她建議我學(xué)習(xí)一些基本的漢語單詞和短語。分析句子可知，空處是修飾Chinese words and phrases的定語，應(yīng)用base的形容詞形式basic，意為“基本的”。故填basic。
第五部分、讀后續(xù)寫(不少于150詞，共25分)
71. 閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
Jose was a devoted teacher for a local high school in California. Unfortunately, with the money he earned, he couldn’t support his family and extended family in Mexico and rent an apartment in California at the same time. Therefore, having failed to afford the rental of even a shoebox apartment, he had no choice but to live in his old car occasionally to make ends meet until he could find another place to live.
To make matters worse, he found himself living this unfortunate lifestyle after Covid-19 swept the world when California schools closed their doors following the outbreak. This left Jose with little means for making money. So at age 77, Jose ended up living inside of his car. For about two years he was homeless. Home was his car, and his car sat in a grocery store parking lot. During daytime he drove to different locations, looking for job opportunities while he spent most of his nights at the same parking lot, which gave him a sense of belonging.
At day time, he would lean his seat all the way back, so no one would see him because he knew he wasn’t supposed to be there and worried the manager of the grocery store would drive him away. He was a man of self-respect and didn’t want to turn to charity.
When Maggie, the manager of the grocery store did see Jose, she felt he looked familiar because she used to be in his class many years ago. She could still remember how Jose encouraged her to finish her education when she was struggling with her learning. She noticed Jose spent a considerable amount of time in his car, she suspected her teacher had fallen on hard times. She became determined to help her former teacher in his time of need. So, the former student decided to repay the favor and help her homeless teacher.
注意：
1．續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右。
2．請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
One morning, Maggie knocked at the window of the car.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Seeing Jose refused the money, Maggie wanted to help him without hurting his feeling.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One morning, Maggie knocked at the window of the car. Jose wound down the window and apologized to the lady standing by his car. He said he would drive away soon to make room for other customers. Tears in eyes, Maggie asked him whether he still remembered her. Jose was puzzled at first but soon recognized her. Embarrassed, he told Maggie about his situation. Maggie took out an envelope and handed it to Jose. To his surprise, there were $2000 in it. However, the teacher didn’t accept it.
Seeing Jose refused the money, Maggie wanted to help him without hurting his feeling. She decided to offer him a job in her store, saying that all he needed to do was to check the temperature of customers at the gate of the parking lot. Jose agreed and worked really hard. With his salary, not only could he afford his food but he also managed to rent a little flat. It was small, but he was no longer homeless. Kindness and dedication will pay off one day.
【解析】
【分析】本文是以人物為線索展開，講述Jose是一名教師，家里的經(jīng)濟(jì)情況很不好，他無法負(fù)擔(dān)起租一個(gè)公寓，所以只能睡到車?yán)铩Ｓ捎谛鹿谝咔榈挠绊?，他失業(yè)了，使他拮據(jù)的生活更是雪上加霜。他的車一直停在一個(gè)雜貨店旁邊的停車場上，這個(gè)雜貨店的經(jīng)理瑪吉是Jose的學(xué)生，她看到她曾經(jīng)的老師遇到困難，決定幫幫他。
【詳解】1.段落續(xù)寫：
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“一天早上，瑪吉敲了敲車窗?！笨芍?，第一段要寫瑪吉如何讓Jose認(rèn)出她而且直接給了老師錢，想要幫助他。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“看到Jose拒絕了這筆錢，瑪吉想在不傷害他的感情的情況下幫助他?！笨芍?，在老師沒有接受錢的情況下，瑪吉想了其它的不傷害老師自尊心的辦法來幫助老師。
2.續(xù)寫線索：老師認(rèn)出她——給老師錢——老師拒絕——給老師提供工作——經(jīng)濟(jì)情況得到改善——感悟。
3.詞匯激活
行為類：
①向某人道歉：apologize to sb. /give sb. an apology
②遞給某人某物：hand sth. to sb./pass sth. to sb.
③決定做某事：decide to do sth./be determined to do sth.
情緒類
①尷尬：embarrassed/awkward
②令某人驚訝的是：to one’s surprise/to one’s amazement
【點(diǎn)睛】【高分句型1】Tears in eyes, Maggie asked him whether he still remembered her. (由whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)
【高分句型2】She decided to offer him a job in her store, saying that all he needed to do was to check the temperature of customers at the gate of the parking lot. (運(yùn)用了現(xiàn)在分詞做伴隨狀語，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句和省略關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句)

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