?2023北京八中高一（上）期末
英 語
年級：高一 科目：英語
本卷滿分100分，考試時間90分鐘
一、完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)
閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D 四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。
On a foggy Sunday morning, Amrisha Vaish was sleeping soundly at home in Arlington, Virginia. The sound that woke him at 7:15 was so loud that he assumed it came from inside his house. As he got up to ___1___ carefully, he heard another sound, this one coming most definitely from outside. Looking out of his bedroom window, he noticed a tree ___2___ in smoke about 500 yards away. A car was wrapped by smoke around the tree’s base, and its engine was on fire.
Seeing that, he immediately grabbed buckets of water and ran to the crash site. Up close, the ___3___ looked worse. The car was split nearly in two, and the tree was where the driver’s seat ought to have been, as if ___4___ there. He thought that no one could have survived this crash, and yet there was 15-year-old Quintin Thompson, still ___5___ with his terrified face pressed against the driver’s side window, in visible pain. Vaish tried putting out the fire with his buckets of water yet with no success. When the ___6___ got into the front seats, he realized he had to get the boy out of there as soon as possible.
Instantly, Vaish tried to open the back door, but he failed. He picked up a stone beside the tree and hit the back door. This time, it ___7___. The back door was opened and Vaish crawled in. Thompson was struggling to get free when Vaish noticed how ___8___ his legs were. Using a pocketknife, Vaish sawed through Thompson’s seat belt. Now that Thompson was free of restraints (束縛), Vaish pulled him out of a window, and then dragged him to safety before the car was ___9___ surrounded by flames. Vaish called an ambulance as Thompson suffered severely. Soon, the doctors arrived and Vaish felt ____10____.
1. A. analyse B. view C. examine D. question
2. A. enveloped B. choked C. marked D. rescued
3. A. wound B. damage C. engine D. smoke
4. A. drawn B. guarded C. sent D. planted
5. A. calm B. curious C. conscious D. confident
6. A. water B. driver C. passengers D. flames
7. A. responded B. changed C. worked D. failed
8. A. dirty B. bad C. unique D. normal
9. A. slowly B. entirely C. simply D. deadly
10. A. relieved B. touched C. recognized D. satisfied
二、語法(共15小題;每小題1分，共15分)
第一節(jié) 單項填空(共6小題;每小題1分，共6分)
從每題所給的A、B、C、D 四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
11. My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, 　　　he’s in his nineties.
A. as long as B. as if
C. even though D. in case
12. Let’s not pick these peaches until this weekend ________they get sweet enough to be eaten.
A. ever since B. as if
C. even though D. so that
13. _______ you?can?sleep?well,?you?will?lose?the?ability?to?focus,?plan?and?stay motivated?after one or?two?nights.
A. Once B. Unless
C. If D. When
14. The prize will go to the writer ________ story shows the most imagination.
A. that B. which
C. whose D. what
15. We all need to get involved in saving energy ________ it's at work, at home, or at school.
A. unless B. once C. whether D. because
16. ______________ I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.
A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Whoever D. However
第二節(jié) 語法填空(共9小題;每小題1分，共9分)
閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。
In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A., guests tend to feel that they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is sent only three or four days ____17____the party date, but it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may ____18____(consider) foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans that ____19____(make) for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. ____20____, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures where time is treated differently. Promptness (準(zhǔn)時) ____21____(value) highly in American life. For example,____22____people are not punctual, they may be regarded as impolite ____23____not fully responsible. In the U.S.A., no one would think of keeping a business partner ____24____(wait) for an hour, since it would be too impolite. A person ____25____is five minutes late will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
三、閱讀理解(共18小題;每小題2分，共36分)
閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D 四個選項中,選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。
A
I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (貼標(biāo)簽) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.
War broke out one evening. Kate came into the room. Soon, I heard her screaming, “Take your shoes away! Why under my bed!” Deafened, I saw my shoes flying at me. I jumped to my feet and started yelling. She yelled back louder.
The room was filled with anger. We could not have stayed together for a single minute but for a phone call. Kate answered it. From her end of the conversation, I could tell right away her grandma was seriously ill. When she hung up, she quickly crawled (爬) under her covers, sobbing. Obviously, that was something she should not go through alone. All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.
Slowly, I collected the pencils, took back the books, made my bed, cleaned the socks and swept the floor, even on her side. I got so into my work that I even didn’t notice Kate had sat up. She was watching, her tears dried and her expression one of disbelief. Then, she reached out her hands to grasp mine. I looked up into her eyes. She smiled at me, “M Thanks.”
Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn’t always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.
26. The author tidied up the room most probably because________.
A. she was scared by Kate’s anger B. she hated herself for being so messy
C. she wanted to show her care D. she was asked by Kate to do so
27. How is Paragraph 1 mainly developed?
A. By analyzing causes. B. By showing differences.
C. By describing a process. D. By following time order.
28. What might be the best title for the story?
A. My Friend Kate B. Hard Work Pays Off
C. How to Be Organized D. Learning to Be Roommates
B
The following list includes some books that come highly recommended by millions of readers and also a short summary of the highlights of each work.
The Go-Giver, by Bob Burg and John David Mann
I didn’t even expect that such a short book could make a huge difference in my way towards life. It simply explains complex laws that direct mankind, and concludes that there is always truth in the opposite.
Dao De Jing, by Lao Zi
Dao De Jing is one of the finest books on philosophy written by Lao Zi, an ancient Chinese philosopher and poet. It is sincere, exciting and makes you think a lot. Read it and get in touch with the clear educative understandings that give you enough tips to pursue your life goal full of passion.
The Science of Getting Rich, by Wallace D. Wattles
I had my own misunderstandings of getting rich till I read this book. The book made a huge difference to my life after I discovered the secrets mentioned. Read it and it teaches you how to become rich, not immediately, but step by step.
The Power of Habit, by Charles Duhigg
I never knew habits played such an important role in shaping our future until I read this book. It says, you are what your habits are, and also suggests the proven techniques to create new habits that change our lifestyles and eventually our livers. It is must-read for everyone who wishes to form lifetime habits.
The Road Less Travelled, by Scott Peck
Simply put, buy this book for the path towards understanding in a spiritual way that strengthens your personal growth. This book never gives you easy solutions to the challenges of life; it simply is part of life and leaves you with better understanding to lead a fulfilled life.
29. Which book can help you chase your dream passionately?
A. Dao De Jing. B. The Go-Giver.
C. The Road Less Travelled. D. The Science of Getting Rich.
30. Which of the following ideas may Scott Peck agree with?
A. Habits can shape our future.
B. There is always truth in the opposite.
C. Difficulty is often part of personal growth.
D. We should find easy solutions to challenges.
31. What can we know about the books mentioned above?
A. They are all easily written. B. They are all popular books.
C All their writers are foreigners. D. All the books are about life goals.
C
Sarah came running in. “Look what I found.” Over the top of the paper I was reading came a crispy long object that caused me to jump. It was a snake skin that had been shed by one of our many garden snakes.
“Isn’t it beautiful?” said my wide-eyed seven-year-old.
I stared at the organic wrapper and thought to myself that it really wasn’t that beautiful, but I have learned never to appear uninterested with children. They see only good quality and excellence in the world until educated otherwise.
“Why does it do this?” Sarah asked.
“Snakes shed their skin because they need to renew themselves,” I explained. “Why do they need to renew themselves?” Sarah asked.
I suddenly remembered an article on this page many years ago where the writer was expressing her concept of renewal. She used layers of paper over a wall to describe how we hide our original selves, and said that by peeling away those layers one by one, we see the original beneath. “We often need to shed our skins and those coatings that we cover ourselves with,” I said to my now absorbed daughter. “We outgrow some things and find other ones unwanted or unnecessary. This snake no longer needs this skin. It is probably too crinkly（起皺的）for him, and he probably doesn’t think he looks as smart in it as he once did.”
Sarah was getting the point. As we talked, I knew that she began to understand, although slightly, that renewal is part of progress; that we need to take a good look at ourselves, our rooms, schoolwork and creativity, and see what we need to keep and what we need to cast off. I was careful to point out that this is a natural consequence of their growth.
“I see, Dad,” said Sarah and jumped off my lap and ran off.
I hoped she would remember this. That often, in order to find our real selves underneath the layers of community and culture with which we cover ourselves year after year, we need to start examining these layers. We need to gently peel some away, as we recognize them to be worthless or unnecessary; or at best, store the ones thrown away as mementoes（念想）of our promotion to a better vitality or spirit.
32. At the first sight of the snake skin, the author was .
A. scared B. puzzled
C. uninterested D. excited
33. Sarah learned from her father that renewal is .
A. to recover the layers inside
B. to review what has been done
C. a natural part of getting mature
D. the process of finding the unwanted
34. It can be inferred from the passage that the author ________.
A. dislikes the snake skin at all
B. shows concern for nature and culture
C. can grasp the chance to educate children
D. often encourages his daughter to raise questions
35. The author mainly tells the reader that ________.
A. snakes cast off the layers to look smarter
B. we should renew ourselves to get improved
C. snakes shed their skins to renew themselves
D. we should explore our original nature underneath
D
Personality types are linked with structural differences in the brain, which could explain why one child grows up to be impulsive(沖動的)and outgoing while another becomes diligent and introspective.
Structural differences between the brains of 85 people have been measured and linked with the four main categories of personality types, which were classified as “novelty seeking”, characterized by impulsive actions; “harm avoidance”, marked by pessimism and shyness; “reward dependence”, with an addictive personality; and “persistence”, who are people tending to be diligent, hard-working and perfectionists.
The researchers said the brain differences are structural and can be measured in the size of specific regions of the brain that appear to be linked with each of the four personality types. For instance, people defined as novelty-seeking personalities had a structurally bigger area in the brain while people with harm-avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions.
The fact that characteristics are reflected in specific structural differences is useful to know, for instance, when it comes to understanding a child’s behavior and choosing the right approach so that somebody who is, for example, particularly timid, might be helped through education and development.
There is no point shouting at a child who is very shy and telling them off, because it does not come naturally to them to put themselves forward. But actually knowing there is a biological basis for this helps educators or parents to use the right approach to help a child to compensate.
People who have a reward-dependence personality could, for example, be helped at an early age because they are at risk of turning to drink, drugs or food if they do not get the family support and encouragement they need.
“This study shows that personality characteristics are something you are born with, but their full expression can be adjusted during development with the right approach,” said Professor Venneri, who carried out the study with colleagues from the University of Parma in Italy and Washington University in St Louis.
If you know it’s not something you do but something you are, you can change the environment to reduce the risk. Knowing that someone has such a predisposition (體質(zhì)) could help them adopt preventive strategies and avoid situations where they might seek rewards which could be potentially harmful.
36. Which type of person may turn out to be drug-abusers?
A. “Novelty seeking”. B. “Persistence”.
C. “Harm avoidance”. D. “Reward dependence”.
37. Which of the following is true about shy people?
A. They structurally have a smaller brain region.
B. They can naturally put themselves forward.
C. They are too timid to be educated and helped.
D. They are often shouted at and scolded.
38. What’s the main idea of the passage?
A. People have chances to change their personality types.
B. Structural differences in the brain have effects on education.
C. Personality types are related to structural differences in the brain.
D. Scientists have identified four different personality types.
39. The author writes the passage to________.
A. argue a claim B. present a fact
C. support a research D. introduce an approach
E
Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods). GM foods develop from genetically modified organisms (有機體), which have had specific changes introduced into their DNA by genetic engineering techniques. These techniques are much more precise where an organism is exposed to chemicals to create a non-specific but stable change. For many people, the high-tech production raises all kinds of environmental, ethical, health and safety problems. Particularly in countries with long farming traditions, the idea seems against nature.
In fact, GM foods are already very much a part of our lives. They were first put on the market in 1996. A third of the corn and more than half the cotton grown in the U. S. last year was the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic genie is out of the bottle.
However like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing. In wealthy countries, the debate about biotech is not so fierce by the fact that they have a large number of foods to choose from, and a supply that goes beyond the needs. In developing countries desperate to feed fast-growing and underfed populations, the matter is simpler and much more urgent: do the benefits of biotech outweigh the risks?
The statistics on population growth and hunger are disturbing. Last year the world's population reached 6 billion. The UN states that nearly 800 million people around the world are unhealthy. About 400 million women of childbearing age don' t have enough iron, which means their babies are exposed to various birth defeats.As many as 100 million children suffer from vitamin A deficiency, a leading cause of blindness.
How can biotech help? Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values. Biotechnologists have developed genetically modified rice and they are working on other kinds of nutritionally improved crops. Biotech can also improve farming productivity in places where food shortages are caused by crop damage attributable to drought, poor soil and crop viruses.
40. The passage mainly talks about________.
A. the world's food problem
B. the development in biotech
C. the genetically modified foods
D. the way to solve food shortages
41. According to the passage, GM foods________.
A. will replace naturally grown foods
B. are far better than naturally grown foods
C. may help to solve the problem of poor nutrition
D. can cause serious trouble in developing countries
42. The underlined sentence “The genetic genie is out of the bottle.” in Paragraph 2 probably means that________.
A. GM foods are available everywhere
B. the technology in producing GM foods is advanced
C. genetic technology may have uncontrollable powers
D. genetic technology has come out of laboratories into markets
43. What's the writer's attitude towards GM foods?
A. Enthusiastic. B. Cautious.
C. Disapproving. D. Unbelievable.
四、詞匯(共14小題;每小題1分，共14分)
第一節(jié) 選詞填空(共7小題;每小題1分，共7分)
用方框中單詞的正確形式完成下列句子，每個單詞(短語)只能用一次，有兩個多余選項。
attend, audience, confident, due to, inspire, live up to, previous, surround, unique

44. Everyone’s fingerprints are________.
45. He was the first child in the family to________college.
46. The trees had been planted by the________owner of the house.
47. The team is quite successful; all the players have________in their manager.
48. As a lucky child I was________by love and kindness.
49. The beautiful town has always been a source of________for me.
50 The film is very attractive. It has certainly________my expectations.
第二節(jié)(共7小題;每小題1分，共7分)
根據(jù)首字母和英文釋義，填寫適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。請將完整的單詞拼寫填在答題紙上。
51. He tried to c________the frightened children.(to make someone become quiet and relaxed) （根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）
52. He wouldn’t have the p________to sit reading all day. (the ability to continue waiting or doing something for a long time without becoming angry or anxious) （根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）
53. The reporter were asking a lot of t________questions. (difficult to deal with) （根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）
54. He received a watch as a present on the o________of his retirement. (a special event, ceremony or celebration) （根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）
55. He decided to leave school for v________reasons. (several different kinds of…) （根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）
56. His coach didn’t s________him for the basketball team, which made me very upset. ( choose somebody/ something from a group of people or things) （根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）
57. My sister has a burning d________to be an artist. (a strong wish to have or do something) （根據(jù)首字母單詞拼寫）
五、書面表達(20分)
58. 假如你是紅星中學(xué)高三學(xué)生李華，你的英國朋友Jim在做關(guān)于“中學(xué)生運動情況”的調(diào)查，想了解你的運動情況。請你給他回復(fù)郵件，內(nèi)容包括：
1.你喜歡的一項運動；
2.這項運動給你帶來的益處；
3.關(guān)于運動的建議。
注意:1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入詞數(shù)。
Dear Jim,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua

參考答案
一、完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. C 6. D 7. C 8. B 9. B 10. A
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了Amrisha Vaish在一起汽車事故中，勇于滅火救人的故事。
【1題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他站起來仔細(xì)檢查的時候，他聽到了另一個聲音，這個聲音肯定是從外面?zhèn)鱽淼摹. analyse分析；B. view觀看；C. examine檢查；D. question詢問。根據(jù)后文“he heard another sound, this one coming most definitely from outside”可知，這是Vaish仔細(xì)檢查得到的結(jié)果。故選C項。
【2題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：從臥室的窗戶向外望去，他注意到500碼外有一棵樹被煙霧籠罩著。A. enveloped包裹，包??；B. choked（使）噎??；C. marked標(biāo)記；D. rescued營救。根據(jù)后文“A car was wrapped by smoke around the tree’s base, and its engine was on fire.”可知，一輛汽車著火了，一棵樹被煙霧包裹籠罩著，合乎邏輯。故選A項。
【3題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：近距離看，損壞看起來更嚴(yán)重。A. wound創(chuàng)傷，傷口；B. damage損害，損毀；C. engine引擎；D. smoke煙。根據(jù)前文“A car was wrapped by smoke around the tree’s base, and its engine was on fire.”可知，是一輛汽車出了事故，所以應(yīng)指汽車損壞很嚴(yán)重。故選B項。
【4題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：汽車幾乎被劈成了兩半，那棵樹就在駕駛員座位應(yīng)該在的地方，仿佛是栽在那兒似的。A. drawn被畫；B. guarded被保衛(wèi)；C. sent被發(fā)送；D. planted被種植。根據(jù)前文“the tree was where the driver’s seat ought to have been”可知，樹在駕駛員的位置好像長在汽車的里面，所以說就好像栽在那兒似的。故選D項。
【5題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他認(rèn)為沒有人能在這場車禍中幸存下來，然而15歲的Quintin Thompson仍然清醒，驚恐的臉貼在司機側(cè)的車窗上，痛苦可見。A. calm鎮(zhèn)靜的；B. curious好奇的；C. conscious意識到的，神志清醒的；D. confident有信心的。根據(jù)前文“He thought that no one could have survived this crash”以及后面yet轉(zhuǎn)折的語義可知，Thompson還活著，神志清醒。故選C項。
【6題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)火焰蔓延到前排座位時，他意識到他必須盡快把孩子救出來。A. water水；B. driver司機；C. passengers乘客；D. flames火焰。根據(jù)前文“Vaish tried putting out the fire with his buckets of water yet with no success.”可知，火沒有撲滅，所以這里指“火焰”蔓延。故選D項。
【7題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這一次，它起作用了。A. responded回應(yīng)；B. changed變化；C. worked工作，有效，起作用；D. failed失敗。根據(jù)后文“The back door was opened and Vaish crawled in.”可知，這次成功了，所以是這次起作用了。故選C項。
【8題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Thompson正掙扎著想要掙脫，這時Vaish注意到他的腿有多糟糕。A. dirty骯臟的；B. bad壞的，糟糕的，嚴(yán)重的；C. unique獨特的；D. normal正常的。根據(jù)后文“Vaish called an ambulance as Thompson suffered severely.”等信息可知，Thompson的腿傷得很嚴(yán)重。故選B項。
【9題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，Thompson已經(jīng)擺脫了束縛，Vaish把他從車窗里拉了出來，然后在車完全被火焰包圍之前把他拖到了安全的地方。A. slowly慢慢地；B. entirely完全地；C. simply簡單的；D. deadly致命的。根據(jù)前文“Vaish pulled him out of a window, and then dragged him to safety ”可知，Vaish滅火未成功，汽車一直還在燃燒，所以，Vaish要在汽車完全被火焰包圍之前，把Thompson拖到安全的地方。故選B項。
【10題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：很快，醫(yī)生們趕到了，Vaish感到如釋重負(fù)。A. relieved寬心的，寬慰的；B. touched感動的；C. recognized公認(rèn)的；D. satisfied滿意的。根據(jù)前文“ the doctors arrived”可知，Thompson傷勢嚴(yán)重，醫(yī)生趕到了，能盡快的處理Thompson的傷，所以Vaish感到寬慰，如釋重負(fù)。故選A項。
二、語法(共15小題;每小題1分，共15分)
第一節(jié) 單項填空(共6小題;每小題1分，共6分)
從每題所給的A、B、C、D 四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
11. 【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】考查讓步狀語從句。句意：即使是九十多歲了，我的爺爺仍然時不時地打打網(wǎng)球。A.as long as只要，引導(dǎo)條件句；B.as if似乎，引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句或表語從句；C. even though即使，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；D.in case以防，引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句。這里是讓步關(guān)系，故選C。

【點睛】
1. 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。
例如：He raised his voice so that everyone could hear.
Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains.
She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand.
2. 引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有so that, so…that, such…that等。
例如：I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.
3. 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有although, though, even though, even if, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever等。
例如：Although they are twins, they look entirely different.
4. 引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有as, as if, as though等。
例如：Why didn’t you catch the last bus as I told you to?
5. 引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere等。
例如：The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple.
6. 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的從屬連詞。主要的有than和as…as。
例如：She was now happier than she had ever been.
【詳解】請在此輸入詳解！
【點睛】請在此輸入點睛！
12. 【答案】D
【解析】
【詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：讓我們這個周末再摘這些桃子以便它們吃起來變得足夠的甜。A. ever since自那時起；B. as if好像；C. even though盡管；D. so that以便。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)該選擇連詞引導(dǎo)狀語從句，結(jié)合句意可知，從句為目的狀語從句，所以用so that引導(dǎo)。故選D項。
13. 【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析及語境理解。句意：除非你能睡好，否則一兩個晚上之后，你會失去專注、計劃的能力和保持積極性。A. Once一旦；B. Unless除非；C. If如果；D. When當(dāng)……時候。故選B。
點睛：本題考查連詞辨析。解題時要區(qū)分清選擇項的含義與區(qū)別，再聯(lián)系語境進行判斷，從而選出正確答案。
14.【答案】C
【解析】
【詳解】本題考查定語從句。解題步驟：1. 確定從句：從空格到句末。2. 確定關(guān)系詞：先行詞為writer，與從句中的主語story是所屬關(guān)系，用whose。句意：我們的獎金會留給故事情節(jié)最富有想象力的作者。故選C。
15. 【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
【詳解】考查狀語從句連接詞詞義辨析。句意：無論是在工作中，在家里，還是在學(xué)校，我們都需要參與到節(jié)約能源的活動中來。A.unless除非；B.once 一旦；C.whether無論；是否；D.because 因為。分析句子，該空需要一個連詞引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，根據(jù)句意及后面的or ，需要表示“無論是…還是…”，whether符合題意。故選C項。
16. 【答案】B
【解析】
【詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：每當(dāng)我得做演講時候，開始之前我就會變得極度的緊張。A. Whatever無論什么；B. Whenever每當(dāng)，無論何時；C. Whoever無論誰；D. However不管怎樣。引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“每當(dāng)”應(yīng)用whenever。故選B。
第二節(jié) 語法填空(共9小題;每小題1分，共9分)
【答案】17. before
18. be considered
19. are made
20. Thus 21. is valued
22. if 23. or
24. waiting
25. who##that
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了時間的意義在世界不同的地方是不同的。
【17題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：在美國，如果客人在宴會日期的三、四天前才收到邀請，他們往往會覺得自己不受重視。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指在宴會日之前收到邀請，應(yīng)用介詞before“在……之前”。故填before。
【18題詳解】
考查動詞語態(tài)。句意：在世界上的其他地方，提前太久約會可能被認(rèn)為是愚蠢的，因為一個多星期后的約會計劃往往會被忘記。主語it和consider是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，情態(tài)動詞may后用be done形式。故填be considered。
【19題詳解】
考查動詞語態(tài)。句意：在世界其他地區(qū)，可能太早和別人訂好約會時間會被看成很愚蠢的事情，因為為一個多星期后的約會制定的計劃往往會被忘記。此處是定語從句，that作主語，與make是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，表示客觀事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，that指代先行詞plans，是復(fù)數(shù)含義，be動詞使用are。故填are made。
【20題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：因此，來自時間觀念不同文化背景的人們之間會產(chǎn)生誤解。根據(jù)前一句“The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world.”可知，前后是因果關(guān)系，逗號前用thus“因此”。故填Thus。
【21題詳解】
考查動詞語態(tài)。句意：在美國人生活中非常重視守時。主語Promptness和value是邏輯動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動語態(tài)，表示客觀事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是抽象名詞，be動詞使用is。故填 is valued。
【22題詳解】
考查狀語從句。句意：例如，如果人們不守時，他們可能被視為不禮貌或不完全負(fù)責(zé)任。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示一種假設(shè)，應(yīng)用if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。故填if。
【23題詳解】
考查連詞。句意：例如，如果人們不守時，他們可能被視為不禮貌或不完全負(fù)責(zé)任。根據(jù)語境可知，前后表示選擇，不準(zhǔn)時被認(rèn)為不禮貌或不完全負(fù)責(zé)任，應(yīng)用連詞or“或者”。故填or。
【24題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：在美國，沒有人會想到讓生意伙伴等一個小時，因為這太不禮貌了。固定搭配keep sb. doing sth“讓某人一直做某事”。故填waiting。
【25題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：一個遲到五分鐘的人會說幾個詞解釋，雖然他可能不會說完這個句子。此處是限定性定語從句，先行詞是person，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who或that引導(dǎo)。故填who或that。
三、閱讀理解(共18小題;每小題2分，共36分)
【答案】26. C 27. B 28. D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者和室友生活習(xí)慣不同從而產(chǎn)生矛盾，最后通過一件事作者明白了與室友共同生活的關(guān)鍵：讓步、清理、堅持。
【26題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“All of a sudden, a warm feeling of sympathy rose up in my heart.(突然，一種溫暖的同情之情在我心中升起。)”可知，在看到Kate接電話后的狀態(tài)后，一種溫暖的同情在作者的心中升起，于是她收拾起東西，由此推斷作者將東西收拾整齊應(yīng)是為了表達對Kate的關(guān)愛之情。故選C項。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“I was never very neat, while my roommate Kate was extremely organized. Each of her objects had its place, but mine always hid somewhere. She even labeled (貼標(biāo)簽) everything. I always looked for everything. Over time, Kate got neater and I got messier. She would push my dirty clothing over, and I would lay my books on her tidy desk. We both got tired of each other.(我從來不講究整潔，而我的室友凱特卻非常有條理。她的每一件東西都有自己的位置，但我的總是藏在某個地方。她甚至給每樣?xùn)|西都貼上了標(biāo)簽。我一直在尋找一切。隨著時間的推移，凱特變得越來越整潔，而我變得越來越混亂。她會把我臟衣服推倒，我則會把我的書放在她整潔的桌子上。我們都厭倦了對方。)”可知，作者在第一段描述了與室友Kate在日常生活習(xí)慣上的種種差異，在論述過程中使用了“while”，“but”，“and”等連詞表達對比轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此可推知，作者在第一段使用了“比較不同”的方法而展開論述的。故選B項。
【28題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Kate and I stayed roommates for the rest of the year. We didn’t always agree, but we learned the key to living together: giving in, cleaning up and holding on.(這一年剩下的時間里，Kate和我一直是室友。我們并不總是意見一致，但我們學(xué)會了共同生活的關(guān)鍵：讓步、清理、堅持。)”可知，文章主要圍繞如何與室友相處而展開的。選項D項Learning to Be Roommates(學(xué)會成為室友)揭示了文章主旨要義。故選D項。
【答案】29. A 30. C 31. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了一些成千上萬的讀者推薦的非常受歡迎的書籍。
【29題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Dao De Jing, by Lao Zi中的“Dao De Jing is one of the finest books on philosophy written by Lao Zi, an ancient Chinese philosopher and poet. It is sincere, exciting and makes you think a lot. Read it and get in touch with the clear educative understandings that give you enough tips to pursue your life goal full of passion.（《道德經(jīng)》是中國古代哲學(xué)家、詩人老子所著的最優(yōu)秀的哲學(xué)著作之一。它是真誠的，令人興奮的，讓你思考很多。讀一讀，你就會明白其中清晰的教育理念，它會給你足夠的建議，讓你充滿激情地追求自己的人生目標(biāo)。）”可知，《道德經(jīng)》能幫助你激情地追逐夢想。故選A。
【30題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“This book never gives you easy solutions to the challenges of life. It simply is part of life and leaves you with better understanding to lead a fulfilled life.（這本書不會給你簡單的解決生活中的挑戰(zhàn)的方法。它只是生活的一部分，讓你更好地理解，過上充實的生活。）”可知，Scott Peck會同意C項“困難只是個人成長的一部分?！惫蔬xC。
【31題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“The following list includes some books that come highly recommended by millions of readers and also a short summary of the highlights of each work.（下面的清單包括了數(shù)百萬讀者強烈推薦的幾本書，以及每本書的亮點的簡短總結(jié)。）”可知，這些書有那么多的讀者推薦，所以很受歡迎，故選B。
【答案】32. A 33. C 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。本文敘述了作者的女兒問作者關(guān)于蛇為什么會脫皮的問題，作者借機又給女兒進行了一次教育。蛇要脫皮是在成長，人要進步也須不斷反省自己，只有會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的缺點才能不斷進步。
【32題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中第一段Over the top of the paper I was reading came a crispy long object that caused me to jump.一句可知，作者看到這個長長的，硬而易碎的東西的時候嚇得都跳起來了，scared受驚嚇的；puzzled困惑的；uninterested不感興趣的；excited激動的。故選A。
【33題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中Sarah was getting the point. As we talked, I knew that she began to understand， although slightly, that renewal is part of progress; 及I was careful to point out that this is a natural consequence of their growth.可知Sarah開始慢慢理解蛇蛻皮也是一種進步，并且作者繼續(xù)指出這是他們成長的很自然的一種結(jié)果。故選C。
【34題詳解】
推理判斷題。本文作者的女兒問作者關(guān)于蛇為什么會脫皮的問題，作者抓住這個機會給女兒進行了一次教育。因此可推知，作者很善于抓住生活中的小事對孩子進行教育。故選C。
【35題詳解】
推理判斷題。作者在文中針對蛇為什么會脫皮這一問題，把蛇的脫皮和人的進步作了類比。借機給女兒進行了一次教育。也是在向我們大家講述這一道理：人要進步也須不斷反省自己，這樣才會發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的缺點并不斷進步。故選B
【答案】36. D 37. A 38. C 39. B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講性格類型與大腦的結(jié)構(gòu)差異有關(guān)。
【36題詳解】
推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Structural differences between the brains of 85 people have been measured and linked with the four main categories of personality types, which were classified as ‘novelty seeking’, characterized by impulsive actions; ‘harm avoidance’, marked by pessimism and shyness; ‘reward dependence’, with an addictive personality; and ‘persistence’, who are people tending to be diligent, hard-working and perfectionists.(85人的大腦結(jié)構(gòu)差異已被測量，并與四種主要的性格類型相聯(lián)系，這四種類型被歸類為‘求新’，以沖動行為為特征；‘避免傷害’，以悲觀和害羞為特征；‘獎賞依賴’，具有成癮性；和‘堅持’，他們傾向于勤奮、努力和完美主義者。)”可知，“獎賞依賴”，具有成癮性，所以更可能成為吸毒者。故選D項。
【37題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“For instance, people defined as novelty-seeking personalities had a structurally bigger area in the brain while people with harm-avoidance personalities had significantly smaller volumes of tissue in brain regions.(例如，被定義為求新性格的人的大腦區(qū)域結(jié)構(gòu)更大，而具有避免傷害性格的人大腦區(qū)域的組織體積明顯更小。)”可知，害羞的人應(yīng)該是有避免傷害性格的人，所以他們大腦區(qū)域會小一些。故選A項。
【38題詳解】
主旨大意題。由文章第一段“Personality types are linked with structural differences in the brain, which could explain why one child grows up to be impulsive(沖動的)and outgoing while another becomes diligent and introspective.(性格類型與大腦的結(jié)構(gòu)差異有關(guān)，這可以解釋為什么一個孩子長大后變得沖動外向，而另一個孩子變得勤奮內(nèi)省。)”以及后文可知，本文主要講性格類型與大腦的結(jié)構(gòu)差異有關(guān)。故選C項。
【39題詳解】
推理判斷題。由文章第三段“The researchers said the brain differences are structural and can be measured in the size of specific regions of the brain that appear to be linked with each of the four personality types. (研究人員表示，大腦的差異是結(jié)構(gòu)性的，可以通過大腦中特定區(qū)域的大小來衡量，這些區(qū)域似乎與四種性格類型中的每一種都有聯(lián)系。)”以及前后文可知，文章主要是在客觀陳述有一個關(guān)于大腦差異和性格的關(guān)系研究結(jié)果，即陳述一個事實。故選B項。
【答案】40. C 41. C 42. D 43. B
【解析】
【分析】這是一篇說明文。本文介紹了轉(zhuǎn)基因食物，轉(zhuǎn)基因食物的形成及可能帶來的問題。
【40題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是根據(jù)第一段第一句Nowadays more and more people are talking about genetically modified foods ( GM foods) 現(xiàn)在越來越多的人在談?wù)撧D(zhuǎn)基因食品。所以本文主要討論轉(zhuǎn)基因食品。故選C。
【41題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Genetic engineering is widely used to produce plants and animals with better nutritional values.可知，基因工程被廣泛用于生產(chǎn)具有更好營養(yǎng)價值的植物和動物。由此判斷出轉(zhuǎn)基因食品有可能幫助解決營養(yǎng)缺乏的問題。故選C。
【42題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“They were first put on the market in 1996. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year.”描述，轉(zhuǎn)基因從初次投放到市場到現(xiàn)在，規(guī)模已經(jīng)很大，而且還將繼續(xù)擴大，故劃線句子的意思最可能是“轉(zhuǎn)基因食品已經(jīng)走出實驗室進入市場。”故選D。
【43題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段However, like any new product entering the food chain, GM foods must be subjected to careful testing.然而，就像任何新的產(chǎn)品進入食品鏈一樣，轉(zhuǎn)基因食物必須經(jīng)過仔細(xì)的測試。由此判斷出作者對轉(zhuǎn)基因食品的態(tài)度是很謹(jǐn)慎的。故選B。
四、詞匯(共14小題;每小題1分，共14分)
第一節(jié) 選詞填空(共7小題;每小題1分，共7分)
【答案】44. unique
45. attend 46. previous
47. confidence
48. surrounded
49. inspiration
50. lived up to
【解析】
【44題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：每個人的指紋都是獨一無二的。分析句子可知，此空應(yīng)填形容詞， unique表“獨一無二的”，為形容詞，在本句中作表語，符合句意。故填unique。
【45題詳解】
考查動詞。句意：他是家里第一個上大學(xué)的孩子。分析句子可知，此空應(yīng)填動詞原形，attend表“參加”，attend college表“上大學(xué)”，為固定短語，而 to attend college在本句中作定語。故填attend。
【46題詳解】
考查形容詞。句意：這些樹是前房主種的。分析句子可知，此空應(yīng)填形容詞，previous表“先前的”，為形容詞，在本句中作狀語，符合句意。故填previous。
【47題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：這個團隊非常成功；所有的球員都對他們的教練充滿信心。分析句子可知，此空應(yīng)填名詞，而 have confidence in sb.表“對某人有信心”，為固定搭配，所以confidence符合句意。故填confidence。
【48題詳解】
考查動詞。句意：作為一個幸運的孩子，我被愛和善良所包圍。分析句子可知，此空應(yīng)填過去分詞與前面was構(gòu)成被動，be surrounded by表“被……包圍”，為固定搭配。 故填surrounded。
49題詳解】
考查名詞。句意：這個美麗的小鎮(zhèn)一直是我靈感的源泉。分析句子可知，此空應(yīng)填名詞， a source of inspiration表“靈感的源泉”，符合句意。故填inspiration。
【50題詳解】
考查動詞短語。句意：這部電影很吸引人。它確實沒有辜負(fù)我的期望。分析句子可知，此空應(yīng)填動詞作謂語，live up to表“不辜負(fù)”，符合句意，且由前文has可知，此空動詞應(yīng)用過去分詞，和前面has構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時。故填lived up to。
第二節(jié)(共7小題;每小題1分，共7分)
根據(jù)首字母和英文釋義，填寫適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。請將完整的單詞拼寫填在答題紙上。
51. 【答案】comfort##omfort
【解析】
【詳解】考查非謂語。句意：他試圖安慰受驚的孩子們。根據(jù)首字母和英文提示可知，此空應(yīng)填comfort，表“安慰”，在本句中作賓語。故填comfort。
52. 【答案】patience##atience
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：他沒有耐心整天坐著看書。根據(jù)首字母和英語提示(長時間等待或做某事而不生氣或焦慮的能力)可知，是“耐心”patience，冠詞后用名詞，故填patience。
53. 【答案】tough##ough
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：記者問了很多尖銳的問題。根據(jù)首字母和英文difficult to deal with(很難應(yīng)對的)提示，空處是“尖銳的”tough，形容詞修飾名詞，作定語。故填tough。
54. 【答案】occasion ##ccasion
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：他退休時收到了一塊手表作為禮物。根據(jù)首字母和英文提示可知，此空應(yīng)填occasion ，表“特別事情(或儀式、慶典)”，為可數(shù)名詞且此處應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，on the occasion of表“值此…之際”，為固定搭配。故填occasion。
55. 【答案】various##arious
【解析】
【詳解】考查形容詞。句意：他因為各種原因決定離開學(xué)校。根據(jù)首字母和英文提示可知，是各種各樣的various，形容詞修飾名詞，作定語。故填various。
56.【答案】select##elect
【解析】
【詳解】考查動詞。句意：他的教練沒有選他參加籃球隊，這讓我很不高興。根據(jù)首字母和英文提示可知，此空應(yīng)填select，表“挑選”，為動詞，在本句中作謂語。故填select。
57.【答案】desire##esire
【解析】
【詳解】考查名詞。句意：我妹妹渴望成為一名藝術(shù)家。根據(jù)首字母和英文提示可知，這里應(yīng)填desire，表“渴望”，為可數(shù)名詞，在本句中作賓語。故填desire。
五、書面表達(20分)
58. 【答案】Dear Jim,
How is everything going? Knowing you are conducting a survey of the sports that high school students do, I’m writing to tell you about what I do.
Actually, playing basketball is my favorite. I usually play basketball with my friends after school and take part in competitions.
I have benefited much from playing basketball. It helps me keep fit and provides me with a way to refresh myself during the stressful school days. In addition, I learn to be more courageous and persistent when facing challenges. It also teaches me closer cooperation is the key to success and brings me many friends with the same interest.
Therefore, I suggest everyone do physical exercise regularly and we’d better choose one that suits us and we really enjoy.
This is my experience and understanding of sports. What about yours? So looking forward to your sharing.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本篇書面表達屬于應(yīng)用文，要求考生給英國朋友Jim寫封郵件，向他介紹你的運動情況。
【詳解】第一步：審題
體裁：應(yīng)用文
時態(tài)：根據(jù)提示，時態(tài)主要為一般現(xiàn)在時，少量現(xiàn)在完成時。
結(jié)構(gòu)：總分法總分法指把主題句作為總說，把支持句作為分說，并以這種方式安排所寫內(nèi)容。
要求：
1. 介紹你喜歡的一項運動；
2. 介紹這項運動給你帶來的益處；
3. 提出關(guān)于運動建議。
第二步：列提綱 （重點詞組）
play basketball; take part in competitions; benefit much from playing basketball; keep fit; refresh myself during the stressful school days; more courageous and persistent; the key to success; many friends with the same interest; do physical exercise regularly
第三步：連詞成句
1.Knowing you are conducting a survey of the sports that high school students do, I’m writing to tell you about what I do.
2.Actually, playing basketball is my favorite.
3.I usually play basketball with my friends after school and take part in competitions.
4.I have benefited much from playing basketball.
5.It helps me keep fit and provides me with a way to refresh myself during the stressful school days.
6.In addition, I learn to be more courageous and persistent when facing challenges.
7.It also teaches me closer cooperation is the key to success and brings me many friends with the same interest.
8.Therefore, I suggest everyone do physical exercise regularly and we’d better choose one that suits us and we really enjoy.
9.This is my experience and understanding of sports.
10.So looking forward to your sharing.
根據(jù)提示及關(guān)鍵詞（組）進行遣詞造句，注意主謂一致和時態(tài)問題。
第四步：連句成篇（銜接詞）
1.表并列補充關(guān)系：In addition
2.表因果關(guān)系：Therefore
連句成文，注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞進行句子之間的銜接與過渡，書寫一定要規(guī)范清晰。
【點睛】[高分句型1]Knowing you are conducting a survey of the sports that high school students do, I’m writing to tell you about what I do.（現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語）
[高分句型2]Therefore, I suggest everyone do physical exercise regularly and we’d better choose one that suits us and we really enjoy.（suggest后的賓語從句用了虛擬語氣）

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