?2023北京昌平高一（上）期末
英 語
本試卷共11頁, 共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上, 在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后, 將答題卡交回。
第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié), 30分)
第一節(jié)：完形填空(共10小題;每小題1. 5分, 共15分)
閱讀下面短文, 掌握其大意, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中, 選出最佳選項, 并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
“Sana, why don’t you read this paragraph for us?” asked Miss Mehwish. Hesitantly, Sana stood up to read the paragraph. She was hesitant as she stammered (口吃), “Em…Emma was stand…ing …” The class burst into ____1____ “Sana,” said Miss Mehwish, “Sana, sit down.” Feeling ____2____, Sana sat down and Miss Mehwish asked someone else to ____3____ it.
After the class, Sana went to the library to practice reading and overcome her inability. To go to the bookshelf, she walked ____4____ some of her classmates who were already sitting there.
She heard them talk ____5____ “What is she doing here?” asked one. “She needs to work hard!” laughed others. Disappointed, Sana picked a book. She settled at the far corner of the library and started reading the book. After many attempts, she found that it was not possible for her to read fluently. She needed a lot of practice and guidance.
Aliza, one of her classmates who was observing her for quite some time, walked close to Sana and offered her ____6____. Reluctantly (勉強地), Sana agreed. So every day, whenever they got time, Aliza went to teach Sana in reading.
Soon Sana started to read fluently and she gained ____7____. A few weeks later, Miss Mehwish conducted a reading test. When it was Sana’s turn, to everyone’s ____8____, Sana read the paragraph without stammering or hesitation. Miss Mehwish praised Sana on her ____9____ reading ability.
Sana thanked Aliza for helping her and realised that there are always two types of classmates: the ones who make fun of you and the ones who help you ____10____ your weaknesses.
1. A. anger B. tears C. cheers D. laughter
2. A. surprised B. worried C. embarrassed D. pleased
3. A. accept B. clean C. read D. use
4. A. past B. around C. with D. over
5. A. bravely B. slowly C. calmly D. quietly
6. A. help B. time C. money D. hope
7. A. strength B. confidence C. support D. honor
8. A. regret B. shock C. shame D. relief
9. A. improved B. required C. identified D. hidden
10. A. forget B. find C. value D. overcome
第二節(jié)：語法填空(共10小題;每小題1. 5分, 共15分)
A
閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Zhang Tian travelled to a village as a volunteer teacher. However, not everything lived up to his hopes. The school was much ___11___ (small) than he had expected, with only three classrooms. In front of the classrooms, there was a playground ___12___ got dusty on windy days and muddy on rainy days. Living in the village was also more challenging than he had thought. The thought of leaving once flashed through his mind, but he ___13___ (quick) gave up on the idea and found ways to deal with the challenges.
B
閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個適當?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
It was my first time spending Spring Festival in China ___14___ my host family. Spring Festival is highly valued by every Chinese family. Preparations began a week before the festival. First, the house ___15___ (clean)from top to bottom. Next, the Chinese character Fu was attached upside down to our front door. The greatest excitement began the night before Spring Festival. Fireworks were being let off across the city, suddenly lighting up the night sky. We then sat together ___16___(enjoy) a big dinner, wishing everyone a happy new year.
C
閱讀下面短文, 在空白處填入1個適當單詞或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
In some ___17___ (country), people are living very long lives. What are some of their secrets to longevity (長壽)? Scientific research shows that eating the right foods ___18___ (play) a big role in determining how long you’ll live. Exercise is also important. A study found that people ___19___ exercised at recommended levels gained 3, 4 years of life compared to those who were inactive. In addition, research suggests that there is a link between happiness ___20___lifespan-happy people tend to live longer and experience better health than their unhappy peers.
第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié), 38分)
第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分, 共28分)
閱讀下列短文, 從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中, 選出最佳選項, 并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A
Harbin Ice and Snow World
When talking about China Ice Festival, people are typically referring to the Harbin Ice and Snow World, which shows ice sculptures of huge proportions and opens usually from 11 am to 10 pm each day.
Best time to enter: Harbin gets dark at around 4 pm in winter. The best time to enter the ice world is around 3 pm to appreciate the shining ice sculptures in the daytime, soon followed by the dazzling colors and light effects at night. It is recommended to spend no more than 4 hours inside the ice world, since it is well below freezing, especially after sunset. Activities to take:
1. Put on your Elsa dress, walk into dreamlike but real ice buildings, and appreciate ice castles and people sculptures.
2. Experience the speed and excitement of icy super slides. You have the choice of eight ice slides of different sizes. The longest is 300 meters.
3. Entertain yourself with various amusements like ice climbing, skating, skiing, ice mazes, snow fights, and ice biking.
4. Attend the Harbin Show —— a splendid ice-and-snow-themed show combining ice dances, ice magic, clown comedy, catwalk models, ice acrobatics, etc. The Harbin Show is performed by artists from all over the world, three times a day after 5 pm, each show lasting around 40 minutes. No matter whether you are a solo traveler looking for a travel partner, a couple looking for something romantic and fairy tale, or traveling with young children or with friends for fun and adventure, we can create a trip that is right for you. Read our personalized One-Day Ice and Snow Fairyland Tour for inspiration or scan the QR code to tell us your needs.

21. According to the author, the best time to visit the ice world is
A. at around 11 am B. at around 8 pm
C. at around 3 pm D. at around 10 pm
22. What can you do in the ice world according to the passage?
A. Enjoying the ice driving. B. Experiencing icy slides.
C. Creating ice buildings. D. Learning ice dance.
23. In which section of a newspaper may readers find this passage?
A. Travel. B. Business. C. Science. D. Sport.
B
Juliana is a 28-year-old Female Chief Engineer, who works in an oil tanker (油輪) in Brazil. She is one of the handful female chief engineers in the Country. The environment of an oil tanker is a tough one to work in and Juliana is one of the toughest chief engineers the company has. Her ship supplies fuel to other ships coming to the port and her job requires her to pay much attention all the time.
Unlike most chief engineers, who avoid getting dirt on their hands, Juliana loves to put her hands in grease (潤滑油). She changes oil and engines and attends all daily works. According to Juliana, her job is not something that other women cannot do. Though the work on ship requires considerable amount of physical strength, a trained woman officer can easily deal with it. When asked the same question to Juliana, she said, “I think many things should be done not with force but with intelligence. Many men think that women do not have the ability, but it is up to the women to prove these men wrong. And it is very much possible if there is enough effort”.
Juliana wants women to explore several great opportunities that the shipping industry provides. She has been sailing as a chief engineer for last 2 years and she loves every bit of her job. She has sailed for as long as 45 days continuously from Brazil to China and she is very happy with the career choice she has made. Her work involves constant traveling to new places, during which, she has made many new friends and visited several interesting places. But what she loves most is the satisfaction she gets from doing something adventurous and unique.
Juliana wants to tell all the women out there in the world that they have great possibilities to seek a respectable position in the maritime (海上的) field. She feels that it is important for women to believe in themselves and look for unique career opportunities in the marine industry.
24. What do we know about Juliana?
A. She is not easy to get along with.
B. She is always careful with the work.
C. She is eager to take charge of the company.
D. She is good at avoiding getting dirt on her hands.
25. What’s the second paragraph mainly about?
A. Her advantages over men. B. Her daily work on the ship.
C. Her suggestions for women. D. Her attitude to women’s work.
26. What attracts Juliana most in her job?
A. Making many new friends. B. Travelling abroad constantly.
C. Visiting several interesting places. D. Getting satisfaction from doing works.
27. Which of the following word can best describe Juliana?
A. Honest. B. Easygoing.
C. Confident. D. Warmhearted.
C
Does Music Make You Run Faster?
An expert on the effects of music on exercise, Dr. Costas Karageorghis, claims that listening to music while running can raise performance by up to 15%. To put this theory to the test, I took part in a special half marathon, which had groups of musicians playing at various points along the route.
As I was at the start, a singer sang an inspiring song for us. It may explain why I got off to a good start. But apart from the song at the start, I can hardly remember the music played along the course. “Outstanding runners”, says Karageorghis, “tend to focus on themselves when they are running.” According to him, most other runners look for encouragement and distraction from what is going on around them. It is true. Then what did other runners make of the music? Adam Bull usually runs marathons with no music and little crowd support. “The music here has been great for my performance. With the cheerful bands, you find yourself running to the beat, which helps.”
The only person I found who was less than happy with the music was Lois Lloyd. “I found the music wasn’t loud enough, so I ran with an MP 3 player.” she said. “I need my music all the time.”Karageorghis is not surprised when I tell him. “There are many advantages to using your own player, rather than relying on the music on the course,” he says.
“It gives you a constant encouragement, and you can change the playlist to your taste.”
One runner told me there was a direct connection between the quality of the music on the course and how much it helped. But quality, of course, is based on personal opinions.
Of course, the music was not only there to help runners break their personal bests, but to provide a sense of occasion, draw out the crowds and create a festival atmosphere. Along with some spring sunshine, it certainly achieved that.
28. Why did the author take part in a special half marathon?
A. To win a prize. B. To test a theory.
C. To enjoy the music. D. To do some exercise.
29. According to the passage, Dr. Costas Karageorghis may believe that______.
A. music brings more benefits to outstanding runners
B. music can help improve people’s performance in running
C. music with high quality helps much in running in half marathon
D. music on the course works better than that in runners’ own players
30. What is the author’s attitude to the function of music to running?
A. Positive. B. Doubtful. C. Critical. D. Uncertain.
D
Scientists and ordinary people alike have long wondered why mosquitoes are more attracted to some people than others. Growing evidence suggests that a person’s unique odor (氣味) plays a large part in it, with several odorants known as mosquito attractants. Now, the smell of carboxylic acids (羧酸) can be added to that list, researchers at Rockefeller University reported.

“Everybody asks why some people are more attractive to mosquitoes than others.” Leslie Vosshall, a study coauthor and neurobiologist says.
So Vosshall and her colleagues gathered 64 volunteers and asked each of them to wear nylon stockings around their arms for six hours to collect their unique skin odor. They then placed two stockings into separate containers side by side and released mosquitoes to see which stocking they moved toward. After pitting the different stockings with each other, the team came out with a winner that was about 100 times more attractive than the last place stocking.
The scientists repeated these experiments over three years with the same volunteers, finding that the volunteer’s attractiveness rating remained stable over time despite changes in diet or skin product usage.
Then the scientists performed a chemical analysis on the stockings. Sure enough, they found that the stockings that were highly attractive to mosquitoes had high levels of carboxylic acids. “If you have high levels of this stuff on your skin, you’re going to be the one at the picnic getting all the bites,” says Vosshall.
The scientists tried genetically changing the insects to reduce their sensitivity to the acids. However, this did not affect the mosquitoes’ preferences.
“I think this shows the fact that mosquitoes are choosing who to bite based on several odors from our skin.”
“It also shows outstanding performance in the olfactory (嗅覺的) system of the mosquito: when one receiver is disturbed, the relevant odor can still be found by a different receiver,” Vosshall says.
Unfortunately, it’s difficult to change the production of carboxylic acids or other odorants without negatively affecting skin health, Vosshall says. And it is unlikely that any single product could change a person’s skin odor to enable them to avoid mosquitoes entirely. “Mosquitoes have many other plans to be able to find us and bite us.” she says.
31. What does the underlined word “pitting” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Mixing. B. Exchanging. C. Comparing. D. Covering.
32. What can we learn from the passage?
A. People’s attractiveness changes if they use different skin products.
B. Mosquitoes have limited receivers to odors that are easily disturbed.
C. People with high levels of carboxylic acids are more attractive to mosquitoes.
D. Mosquitoes’ preferences can be changed if their sensitivity to the acids is reduced.
33. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Carboxylic acids are harmful to skin health.
B. Mosquitoes prefer people who don’t use skin product.
C. People have many plans to stay away from mosquitoes.
D. Products changing skin odor can hardly prevent mosquitoes.
34. Which would be the best title for this passage?
A. Why are some people more attractive to mosquitoes than others?
B. What can people do to protect themselves from mosquitoes?
C. When are mosquitoes most sensitive to the acids?
D. How do mosquitoes impact people’s skin health?
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分, 共10分)
根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容, 從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。
For many parents, it is not easy to ask for information from children about what they did at school all day. ____35____But other times, they keep silence or respond with a single word. It doesn’t have to be so tough. With the right strategies, even the most silent child will open up. ____36____
Don’t ask “How was your day?”.
This question often leads to one-word answers or a shrug. For many children, the question is too general and they don’t want to think about how to answer it with specifics.
Share your own experiences.
____37____Don’t shy away from sharing your challenging experiences. It will get the conversation started and help children understand their own emotions. Labeling that you are also having a stressful experience is a good chance to show them how they might do that.
____38____
Ask when your child feels disappointed, frustrated or sad, too. Asking children to share negative as well as positive emotions can help to surface problems in a more routine, less stressful way.
Avoid distractions.
Choose a time to talk when you’ll be able to listen to your child. ____39____ Children are less likely to reply with thoughtful answers when you’re not paying full attention. Full focus will help you ask follow-up questions, which are important to show interest.
A. Don’t rush to know everything.
B. Sometimes, kids are happy to chat.
C. Don’t expect only positive experiences.
D. Here’s how to get them to tell you about their day.
E. Put your phone down and avoid doing other chores.
F. One way is to ask children to retell what they learned in school.
G. Children may follow your lead if you share your own highlights and lowlights.
第三部分：書面表達(共兩節(jié), 32分)
第一節(jié)：閱讀表達(共4小題;第40、41題各2分, 第42題3分, 第43 題5分, 共12分)。
閱讀下面短文, 根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容及題目要求回答問題。
Is it the future worrying me? Did I hurt someone by mistake? Am I expecting too much from life? We are often stuck in these unnecessary thoughts causing anxiety and making us weak.
The escape from my sadness and depressed thought has been cooking for the past few months. I read through quick recipes, find the ones that I can connect to, and search up for materials in the kitchen. Every time I cut a vegetable, it is like I am cutting off my problems. All of this not only brings me great joy, but it leads me to discover something I am good at, which I might have never tried otherwise.
Cooking can work as a treatment which has received some scientific explanations. Mental health experts have talked about the benefits cooking and baking provides for people struggling with poor mental health. Through cooking, these people can get back control of their lives. They can bring back the feeling of joy and excitement that has been long gone from their daily lives. Julia Ohana, an active expert in culinary therapy, talked about the significance cooking holds in terms of time control, communication, and problem-solving ability. She believes all these skills combined help people become less depressed and more satisfied.
The excitement when you work on a recipe is unexplainable. You look forward to what you are going to create from your own hands. You have the power to make something great, only depending on the direction you take and your cooking skills.
40. What might be the result if we are caught in unnecessary worries?
__________________________________________________________
41. According to the experts, what benefits will cooking bring to people with poor mental health?
__________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
The author chooses to cook when he feels sad because he wants to comfort himself with a good meal and the cooking process also brings him happiness.
__________________________________________________________
43. Please briefly present some other ways to get rid of unnecessary worries. (In about 40 words)
__________________________________________________________
第二節(jié)： 書面表達(20分)
44. 根據(jù)題目所提出的具體要求，在答題卡上寫出一篇連貫完整的短文。詞數(shù)不少于60。
假設(shè)你是紅星中學的高一學生李華，你的英國筆友Jim對于你校近期組織的線上體育課很感興趣，請你根據(jù)下面的信息給他回信, 介紹線上體育課相關(guān)情況，內(nèi)容包括：
1. 線上體育課所需準備；2. 課堂活動內(nèi)容；3. 個人收獲與感受。
信的開頭結(jié)尾以為你寫好，不計入總詞數(shù)。
Online PE Class
Preparations
a pair of comfortable shoes
Class activities
do some warm-ups watch videos on how to do sports practice doing different sports
Benefits and your feelings
…….
Dear Jim,
I’ve heard you are interested in our online PE class. Now I’d like to introduce it to you.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all for our online PE class. If you want to know more, contact me!
Yours,
Li Hua

參考答案
第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié), 30分)
第一節(jié)：完形填空(共10小題;每小題1. 5分, 共15分)
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. D 6. A 7. B 8. B 9. A 10. D
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是Sana在閱讀方面有困難，她班上的同學們嘲笑她，但是Aliza幫助她克服了她的缺點，使她可以流利地閱讀，Sana感謝Aliza的幫助，她意識到總有兩種同學：一種取笑你的，一種幫助你克服缺點的。
【1題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：全班哄堂大笑。A. anger憤怒；B. tears眼淚；C. cheers歡呼聲；D. laughter笑，笑聲。根據(jù)上文“she stammered”和最后一段的“the ones who make fun of you”可知，全班同學聽見Sana口吃就嘲笑她，此處表示“全班哄堂大笑”，burst into laughter意為“突然大笑起來”。故選D。
【2題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Sana感到很尷尬，她坐了下來，Mehwish小姐請別人讀了一下。A. surprised驚訝的；B. worried擔心的；C. embarrassed尷尬的；D. pleased高興的。根據(jù)上文“The class burst into ____1____”可知，同學們嘲笑她，Sana應(yīng)該會感到很尷尬。故選C。
【3題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Sana感到很尷尬，她坐了下來，Mehwish小姐請別人讀了一下。A. accept接受；B. clean清潔；C. read讀；D. use用。根據(jù)上文“why don’t you read this paragraph”可知，Mehwish小姐請別人讀了一下。故選C。
【4題詳解】
考查介詞詞義辨析。句意：在去書架的路上，她從幾個已經(jīng)坐在那里的同學身邊走過。A. past經(jīng)過；B. around圍繞；C. with和；D. over在……上面。根據(jù)下文“She heard them talk”可知，在去書架的路上，她從幾個已經(jīng)坐在那里的同學身邊走過，空格處意為“經(jīng)過”。故選A。
【5題詳解】
考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：她聽見他們低聲說：“她在這兒干什么？”其中一個問道。A. bravely勇敢地；B. slowly緩慢地；C. calmly平靜地；D. quietly悄悄地。根據(jù)下文““What is she doing here?” asked one. “She needs to work hard!” laughed others”可知，此處表示“她聽見他們低聲說”，空格處用“悄悄地”。故選D。
【6題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她的同學Aliza觀察了她很長一段時間，走到Sana附近并提供了幫助。A. help幫助；B. time時間；C. money錢；D. hope希望。根據(jù)下文“Aliza went to teach Sana in reading”可知，Aliza提供了幫助。故選A。
【7題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：很快，Sana開始流利地閱讀，她有了信心。A. strength力量；B. confidence信心；C. support支持；D. honor榮譽。根據(jù)上文“Sana started to read fluently”可知，Sana開始流利地閱讀，她有了信心。故選B。
【8題詳解】
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當輪到Sana的時候，讓所有人震驚的是，Sana沒有口吃或猶豫地讀了這段話。A. regret后悔；B. shock震驚；C. shame慚愧；D. relief寬慰，輕松。根據(jù)下文“Sana read the paragraph without stammering or hesitation”可知，Sana沒有口吃或猶豫地讀了這段話，這應(yīng)該會讓人震驚。故選B。
【9題詳解】
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Mehwish老師贊揚了Sana閱讀能力的提高。A. improved提高了的；B. required必需的；C. identified被識別的；D. hidden隱藏的。根據(jù)上文“Sana read the paragraph without stammering or hesitation”可知，Sana閱讀能力提高了。故選A。
【10題詳解】
考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Sana感謝Aliza的幫助，她意識到總有兩種同學：一種取笑你的，一種幫助你克服缺點的。A. forget忘記；B. find找到；C. value重視；D. overcome克服。根據(jù)上文“Sana read the paragraph without stammering or hesitation”可知，有一種朋友是會幫助你克服缺點的。故選D。
第二節(jié)：語法填空(共10小題;每小題1. 5分, 共15分)
【答案】11. smaller
12. which##that
13. quickly
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講的是Zhang Tian去一個農(nóng)村當志愿者教師，但這所學校不是所有的一切都符合他的期望。
【11題詳解】
考查比較級。句意：這所學校比他想象的要小得多，只有三個教室。由than可知，空格處用比較級smaller，故填smaller。
【12題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：在教室前面，有一個操場，刮風的時候是塵土飛揚的，下雨天是泥濘的。分析可知，空格處引導的是限制性定語從句，從句中缺少主語，先行詞playground是物，因此空格處用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導定語從句，故填which/that。
【13題詳解】
考查副詞。句意：離開的想法曾經(jīng)閃過他的腦海，但他很快放棄了這個想法，并找到了應(yīng)對挑戰(zhàn)的方法?？崭裉幰酶痹~quickly修飾動詞短語gave up，故填quickly。
【答案】14. with
15 was cleaned
16. enjoying
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者在中國過春節(jié)的經(jīng)歷和感受。
【14題詳解】
考查介詞。句意：這是我第一次和寄宿家庭在中國過春節(jié)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，此處需用介詞with，表示“和……”，即和寄宿制家庭過春節(jié)。故填with。
【15題詳解】
考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：首先，房子被徹底打掃了一遍。由文章前一句謂語動詞began 和空后was可知，空處謂語動詞需用一般過去時，表示過去發(fā)生的事情；又因house與clean之間是被動關(guān)系，所以空處需用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)：was/were done，主語是單數(shù)，所以用was。故填was cleaned。
【16題詳解】
考查非謂語動詞。句意：然后我們坐在一起享受一頓豐盛的晚餐，祝大家新年快樂。句中已有謂語動詞，所以用非謂語動詞形式。邏輯主語We與enjoy之間為主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。故填enjoying。
【答案】17. countries
18. plays 19. who
20. that
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹長壽的秘訣。
【17題詳解】
考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：在一些國家，人們的壽命很長。設(shè)空前有some修飾，應(yīng)用名詞的復數(shù)形式，故填countries。
【18題詳解】
考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：科學研究表明，吃正確的食物在決定你的壽命方面發(fā)揮著重要作用。分析可知，設(shè)空處為從句謂語，根據(jù)主句可知時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，主語是動名詞，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)，故填plays。
【19題詳解】
考查定語從句。句意：一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)與不運動的人相比，按照推薦水平鍛煉的人壽命延長了3,4年。分析可知，設(shè)空處引導限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞people，關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語，故填who。
【20題詳解】
考查同位語從句。句意：此外，研究表明，與快樂之間也有聯(lián)系，快樂的人往往比不快樂的同齡人活得更久、更健康。分析可知，設(shè)空處引導同位語從句，對link進行解釋說明，從句中不缺少成分，也不缺少意思，故填that。
第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié), 38分)
第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分, 共28分)
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹的是哈爾濱冰雪大世界的相關(guān)情況。
【21題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“The best time to enter the ice world is around 3 pm to appreciate the shining ice sculptures in the daytime(進入冰雪世界的最佳時間是下午3點左右，可以欣賞白天閃閃發(fā)光的冰雕)”可知，參觀冰雪世界的最佳時間是下午3點，故選C。
【22題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Experience the speed and excitement of icy super slides.(體驗冰雪超級滑梯的速度和刺激。)”可知，在冰雪世界你能體驗冰冷的滑梯。故選B。
【23題詳解】
推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是最后一段的“No matter whether you are a solo traveler looking for a travel partner, a couple looking for something romantic and fairy tale, or traveling with young children or with friends for fun and adventure, we can create a trip that is right for you.(無論您是尋找旅行伙伴的獨自旅行者，還是尋找浪漫和童話的情侶，還是與年幼的孩子或與朋友一起旅行，我們都可以為您創(chuàng)造適合您的旅行。)”可知，這是一篇廣告，介紹的是哈爾濱冰雪大世界的相關(guān)情況，是關(guān)于旅游的，因此可以在報紙的旅行版面找到這篇文章。故選A。
【答案】24. B 25. B 26. D 27. C
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹的是在油輪上工作的女總工程師Juliana的相關(guān)情況。
【24題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“Her ship supplies fuel to other ships coming to the port and her job requires her to pay much attention all the time.(她的船為其他來港的船只提供燃料，她的工作要求她時刻保持高度的注意力。)”可知，她對工作總是很細心。故選B。
【25題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段的“Unlike most chief engineers, who avoid getting dirt on their hands, Juliana loves to put her hands in grease (潤滑油). She changes oil and engines and attends all daily works. According to Juliana, her job is not something that other women cannot do. Though the work on ship requires considerable amount of physical strength, a trained woman officer can easily deal with it.(不像大多數(shù)總工程師，他們避免讓自己的手沾上污垢，Juliana喜歡把她的手放在油脂中。她負責更換機油和發(fā)動機，并參與所有日常工作。Juliana說，她的工作并不是其他女性不能做的。雖然船上的工作需要相當大的體力，但一個訓練有素的女軍官可以輕松應(yīng)付。)”可知，第二段主要講的是她在船上的日常工作。故選B。
【26題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“But what she loves most is the satisfaction she gets from doing something adventurous and unique.(但她最喜歡的是做一些冒險和獨特的事情所帶來的滿足感。)”可知，Juliana工作中最吸引她的是從工作中獲得滿足感。故選D。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Juliana wants to tell all the women out there in the world that they have great possibilities to seek a respectable position in the maritime (海上的) field. She feels that it is important for women to believe in themselves and look for unique career opportunities in the marine industry.(Juliana想告訴世界上所有的女性，她們有很大的可能性在海事領(lǐng)域?qū)で笠粋€受人尊敬的職位。她認為女性應(yīng)該相信自己，并在海洋行業(yè)尋找獨特的職業(yè)機會。)”可知，她是一個很有自信的人，故選C。
【答案】28. B 29. B 30. A
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了音樂可以幫助提高人們在跑步中的表現(xiàn)。
【28題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“To put this theory to the test, I took part in a special half marathon, which had groups of musicians playing at various points along the route(為了驗證這一理論，我參加了一場特殊的半程馬拉松比賽，沿途有幾組音樂家在不同的地點演奏)”可知，作者參加這場特殊的馬拉松是為了驗證上文提到的理論，故選B。
【29題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“An expert on the effects of music on exercise, Dr. Costas Karageorghis, claims that listening to music while running can raise performance by up to 15%(研究音樂對運動影響的專家Costas Karageorghis博士稱，跑步時聽音樂可以使運動表現(xiàn)提高15%)”可知，Costas Karageorghis相信音樂可以幫助提高人們在跑步中的表現(xiàn)。故選B。
【30題詳解】
觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段“Of course, the music was not only there to help runners break their personal bests, but to provide a sense of occasion, draw out the crowds and create a festival atmosphere. Along with some spring sunshine, it certainly achieved that.(當然，音樂的存在不僅僅是為了幫助跑者打破他們的個人最好成績，而是為了提供一種場合感，吸引人群，創(chuàng)造節(jié)日氣氛。再加上春天的陽光，它當然做到了)”可知， 作者非常認同音樂在跑步時對人的積極作用，及提高個人表現(xiàn)，創(chuàng)造場合感和歡快的氣氛。由此可知，作者對于跑步時音樂的功能是持積極樂觀的態(tài)度的。故選A。
【答案】31. C 32. C 33. D 34. A
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)羧酸的氣味使某些人比其他人更吸引蚊子。
【31題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段的“the different stockings with each other(不同的絲襪之間)”和“the team came out with a winner that was about 100 times more attractive than the last place stocking(這個團隊最終選出了比倒數(shù)第一名的長襪更吸引人100倍的冠軍長襪)”可知，劃線詞所在的句子表示“在將不同的長筒襪相互比拼后，該團隊選出了比倒數(shù)第一名的長襪更吸引人100倍的冠軍長襪”。由此可知，劃線詞pitting的意思是“比較”，和comparing意思相近，故選C。
【32題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“Sure enough, they found that the stockings that were highly attractive to mosquitoes had high levels of carboxylic acids. “If you have high levels of this stuff on your skin, you’re going to be the one at the picnic getting all the bites,” says Vosshall.(果不其然，他們發(fā)現(xiàn)對蚊子極具吸引力的長襪含有大量的羧酸?！叭绻闫つw上有大量的這種物質(zhì)，你就會成為野餐時被咬傷的那個人，”Vosshall說)”可知，從文章中我們能了解到羧酸含量高的人對蚊子更有吸引力。故選C。
【33題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“And it is unlikely that any single product could change a person’s skin odor to enable them to avoid mosquitoes entirely.(而且，任何一種單一的產(chǎn)品都不太可能改變一個人的皮膚氣味，使他們能夠完全避開蚊子)”可推知，改變皮膚氣味的產(chǎn)品很難阻止蚊子。故選D。
【34題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“Scientists and ordinary people alike have long wondered why mosquitoes are more attracted to some people than others. Growing evidence suggests that a person’s unique odor (氣味) plays a large part in it, with several odorants known as mosquito attractants. Now, the smell of carboxylic acids (羧酸) can be added to that list, researchers at Rockefeller University reported.(長期以來，科學家和普通人都想知道為什么蚊子對某些人更有吸引力。越來越多的證據(jù)表明，一個人獨特的氣味在很大程度上起著作用，有幾種氣味被稱為蚊子引誘劑?，F(xiàn)在，洛克菲勒大學的研究人員報告稱，羧酸的氣味可以被添加到這個列表中)”可知，文章介紹了一項研究，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)羧酸的氣味使某些人比其他人更吸引蚊子。由此可知，“為什么有些人比其他人更吸引蚊子？”適合作本文最佳標題。故選A。
第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分, 共10分)
【答案】35. B 36. D 37. G 38. C 39. E
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述讓孩子如何敞開心扉和你談話的一些方法。
【35題詳解】
根據(jù)下文“But other times, they keep silence or respond with a single word.(但其他時候，他們保持沉默或只用一句話回應(yīng)。)”可推斷出上文和此相反，B選項“有時候，孩子們很樂意聊天?！狈项}意，并且“Sometimes”呼應(yīng)下文“other times”，故選B。
【36題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“With the right strategies, even the most silent child will open up.(有了正確的策略，即使是最沉默的孩子也會敞開心扉。) ”再結(jié)合下文的各個小標題，可知此處講有一些方法可以讓孩子敞開心扉，故D選項“下面是如何讓他們告訴你他們的一天?！狈项}意，故選D。
【37題詳解】
根據(jù)小標題“分享你自己的經(jīng)歷”可知本段主要講關(guān)于怎樣去分享自己的經(jīng)歷的，G選項“如果你分享你自己的亮點和不足，孩子們可能會跟隨你的腳步?！狈媳径沃髦迹⑶揖o密連接下文，故選G。
【38題詳解】
根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容“Ask when your child feels disappointed, frustrated or sad, too. Asking children to share negative as well as positive emotions can help to surface problems in a more routine, less stressful way.(問問你孩子什么時候感到失望、沮喪或悲傷。讓孩子們分享消極和積極的情緒，可以幫助他們以一種更常規(guī)、壓力更小的方式解決問題。)”可知本段講不但要分享積極的情緒，也要分享消極的情緒，C選項“不要只期待積極的經(jīng)歷。”概況了本段主旨，故選C。
【39題詳解】
根據(jù)上文“Choose a time to talk when you’ll be able to listen to your child.(選擇一個你能聽孩子說話的時間。) ”可知要選擇不能分心的時間去聽孩子說話，再結(jié)合下文“Children are less likely to reply with thoughtful answers when you’re not paying full attention.( 當你沒有全神貫注的時候，孩子不太可能給出深思熟慮的答案。)”，可推測出此處為說明你應(yīng)該如何做才能不分心，E選項“放下手機，避免做其他家務(wù)”起到承上啟下的作用，故選E。
第三部分：書面表達(共兩節(jié), 32分)
第一節(jié)：閱讀表達(共4小題;第40、41題各2分, 第42題3分, 第43 題5分, 共12分)。
【答案】40. Causing anxiety and making us weak.
41. Bring back the feeling of joy and excitement.
42. The author chooses to cook when he feels sad because he wants to comfort himself with a good meal and the cooking process also brings him happiness.
43. First, I often take exercises to remove the unnecessary worries. For example, practicing yoga is a good way for me to get rid of my stress and worries and find some inner peace. The other way for me to relax is to listen to the music. Music makes me feel easy and comfortable.
【解析】
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述烹飪和烘焙可以消除生活中不必要的煩惱。
【40題詳解】
考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段“Is it the future worrying me? Did I hurt someone by mistake? Am I expecting too much from life? We are often stuck in these unnecessary thoughts, causing anxiety and making us weak. (我擔心的是未來嗎?我是不是誤傷了人?我是否對生活期望過高?我們經(jīng)常陷入這些不必要的想法，引起焦慮，使我們軟弱)”可知，如果我們陷入不必要的擔憂，就會引起焦慮并且使我們軟弱，故答案為Causing anxiety and making us weak.。
【41題詳解】
考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段“Cooking can work as a treatment, which has received some scientific explanations. Mental health experts have talked about the benefits cooking and baking provides for people struggling with poor mental health. Through cooking, these people can get back control of their lives. They can bring back the feeling of joy and excitement that has been long gone from their daily lives. ( 烹飪可以作為一種治療方法，這已經(jīng)得到了一些科學解釋。心理健康專家談到了烹飪和烘焙給心理健康狀況不佳的人帶來的好處。通過烹飪，這些人可以重新掌控自己的生活。他們可以找回從日常生活中消失已久的快樂和興奮的感覺) ” 根據(jù)專家的說法，烹飪會給心理健康狀況不佳的人帶來快樂和興奮的感覺。故答案為Bring back the feeling of joy and excitement.。
【42題詳解】
考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段“The escape from my sadness and depressed thought has been cooking for the past few months. I read through quick recipes, find the ones that I can connect to, and search up for materials in the kitchen. Every time I cut a vegetable, it is like I am cutting off my problems. All of this not only brings me great joy, but it leads me to discover something I am good at, which I might have never tried otherwise. (在過去的幾個月里，我一直在逃避悲傷和沮喪的想法。我閱讀快速食譜，找到我能聯(lián)系到的，并在廚房里尋找材料。每次我切蔬菜的時候，就好像我在切掉我的問題。所有這一切不僅給我?guī)砹司薮蟮目鞓罚疫€讓我發(fā)現(xiàn)了我所擅長的，否則我可能從未嘗試過的事情)”可知作者選擇做飯，不是作者用一頓好飯來安慰自己，而是做飯給作者帶來了快樂，發(fā)現(xiàn)了自己所擅長的，所以中間劃線部分是錯誤的。故答案為The author chooses to cook when he feels sad because he wants to comfort himself with a good meal and the cooking process also brings him happiness.。
【43題詳解】
本題可有多種答案，僅供參考。這是我經(jīng)常用來消除煩惱的兩種方法：First, I often take exercises to remove the unnecessary worries. For example, practicing yoga is a good way for me to get rid of my stress and worries and find some inner peace. The other way for me to relax is to listen to the music. Music makes me feel easy and comfortable.
第二節(jié)： 書面表達(20分)
44. 【答案】Dear Jim,
I’ve heard you are interested in our online PE class. Now I’d like to introduce it to you.
First of all, we need to prepare a pair of comfortable shoes for online PE class. PE teachers demonstrate movements and techniques on videos and students do some warm-ups and other sports by watching videos on how to do sports practice. Our online PE class is well received by all students because various sports courses are offered and we can do different sports of our own choice. Online PE class not only can encourage us to do physical exercise actively, but also can improve our health at home.
That’s all for our online PE class. If you want to know more, contact me!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導語】這篇書面表達屬于應(yīng)用文。假設(shè)你是紅星中學的高一學生李華，你的英國筆友Jim對于你校近期組織的線上體育課很感興趣，請你根據(jù)下面的信息給他回信，介紹線上體育課相關(guān)情況。
【詳解】1.詞匯積累
首先：First of all→ Firstly
演示：demonstrate → show
各種各樣的：various→ varieties of
提高：improve→ enhance
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復合句
原句：First of all, we need to prepare a pair of comfortable shoes for online PE class.
拓展句：First of all, we need to prepare a pair of comfortable shoes for online PE class, which contributes to taking exercises.
【點睛】【高分句型1】Our online PE class is well received by all students because various sports courses are offered and we can do different sports of our own choice.（運用了because引導的原因狀語從句）
【高分句型2 】Online PE class not only can encourage us to do physical exercise actively, but also can improve our health at home.（運用了not only…but also…句型）

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這是一份2022北京昌平高一（下）期末英語（教師版），共10頁。試卷主要包含了5分,共15分)， A等內(nèi)容，歡迎下載使用。

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