?譯林版（2020）高一英語下學期期末復習 查缺補漏沖刺滿分
(名校最新期末真題)
專題07 閱讀理解之議論文10篇
（2022春·江蘇無錫·高一統(tǒng)考期末）How’ s your eyesight? From the moment we’ reborn, our eyes grow, our vision becomes clearer and some of us will have normal vision. However, others will become short-sighted (近視) and end up wearing glasses to help them see everything clearly. And some experts say that more of us will be wearing them in the future because of our lifestyle when we were younger.
Even today, doctors are reporting arise in shortsightedness in children. The condition can be genetic (遺傳的), but it’ s also partly caused by a number of modern-day factors — particularly children staring at phone screens, computers and game controllers for long periods of time.
Of course, children have had increased screen time due to lockdowns (封控) during the Covid pandemic — it’ s been the only way to receive education and communicate with others. But education generally could be the cause of the rise in shortsightedness. Neema Mojarrad, lecturer at the University of Bradford, told BBC Future website, “Reading and spending more time indoors may be responsible for it. Every year of education increases the expected amount of shortsightedness.”
The problem appears to be more serious in some Asian countries. Some experts say that in these places with huge educational success, children spend more time indoors studying. Therefore, it seems, spending more time outdoors could be good for children’ s eye health. The UK’ s College of Optometrists is suggesting parents should get their kids playing outside for two hours a day. Several scientific studies show this can prevent or stop the development of shortsightedness.
There’s been a focus on using technology, such as laser (激光) surgery, for fixing shortsightedness, but for children at least, it seems a moment of daylight and a break from the screen might be part of the solution. Experts also recommend kids have regular eye tests to find out any prob lens before they become more serious.
1．How does the author introduce the topic in Paragraph 1?
A．By raising a question. B．By telling a story.
C．By giving an example. D．By introducing an expert.
2．What is a modern-day factor in children’ s shortsightedness?
A．Genetic reason. B．Unexpected lockdown.
C．Extra physical education. D．Increased screen time.
3．Why are more children short-sighted in the countries with huge educational success?
A．They spend more time staring at screens.
B．They spend less time playing indoors.
C．They spend more time studying indoors.
D．They spend less time taking eye tests.
4．What do experts suggest children doing to protect their eyesight?
A．Receiving surgical operation.
B．Taking regular examination.
C．Increasing indoor activities.
D．Stay away from modern technologies.

（2022春·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Warren Buffett’s father told him not to go into securities (證券). Oprah was warned that moving to Chicago would destroy her career. These stories of famous people being told not to do the very thing that later made them hugely successful are entertaining, but they also show a larger point. Bad advice is very common.
As investor Paul Graham has said, “When experts are wrong, it’s often because they’re experts on an earlier version of the world.”
In a New York Times article, Wharton professor Adam Grant offers a simple prescription-stop giving advice. Wait, what? Doesn’t other people’s advice help improve our decisions? Of course they do, but as Grant points out, giving your advice isn’t the same as saying, “You should do this...”
“When people come to us for advice, we can stop ourselves from giving them a suggestion immediately,” he, well, advises. “People seldom need to hear our conclusion. They benefit from hearing our thought process and our view on the criteria (標準) for the matter. The most useful advice doesn’t tell us what to do clearly and exactly; it helps people see blind spots in their thinking.”
You may want to offer an example from your own life to explain your way of thinking, Grant continues, but “make sure to explain that it mayor may not be suitable for them.”
Each of us has our ow unique set of talents, fears, values and limits. When someone comes to you for advice, it’s near impossible to get a full picture of theirs. That means its near impossible to tell them what they should do. Therefore, advice should not mean “telling people what to do.” Instead, provide a framework (框架) for making the decision. That way advice seekers can put their own variables (變量) into your system and see what answer it gives. This also offers them a chance to develop their own decision-making muscles.
Showing someone how to think through a problem for themselves beats telling them the right answer almost every time.
5．Why does the author mention the stories of Buffett and Oprah?
A．To introduce a topic. B．To explain a rule. C．To give a reason. D．To make a comparison.
6．Why do experts sometimes give bad advice according to Paul Graham?
A．They don’t live in a normal way. B．They hesitate to make early decisions.
C．They have forgotten their earlier experience. D．They base their advice on previous knowledge.
7．What does the underlined word “prescription” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．System. B．Suggestion. C．Argument. D．Effect.
8．What does the author suggest on giving others good advice?
A．Offering them guidance on how to develop their talents.
B．Finding a good chance to tell them what they should do.
C．Reminding them of the importance of making right decisions directly.
D．Helping them develop a more complete way to consider their choices.

（2022春·江蘇徐州·高一沛縣湖西中學?？计谀㎎ENNIFER SALLS---A high school math teacher in Sparks, Nevada
It is possible to construct good online courses that would support mathematics learning with middle and high school students. However, these courses would not look like most current online courses.
When we imagine an online course, we think of a solitary (孤立的)process in which a student is holed up with his or her computer, watching PowerPoints, paging through screens of text and solving a whole bunch of problems. While learning may be occurring, I suspect that it’s short-term with little real understanding of mathematics. There are some students who learn well under these circumstances, but this is not true for the majority of students. A good online course would take advantage of the many interactive resources. For example, if students were learning to solve equations, they would be directed to solve a carefully arranged set of problems using an interactive program. They would reflect on the interaction and share their observations with others taking the course.
Eventually, the lesson would move students toward solving equations, using their experiences with the interactive program as the jumping-off point. Students could experience real-world problems through video and simulations and use a variety of computer-based tools to solve these problems. Notice that a course like this is not solitary, but highly interactive, and it builds both problem-solving skills and conceptual knowledge.
BRIGID BARRON-A psychologist at Stanford University’s School of Education
Whether or not any computing tool used in the classroom will interfere with or energize learning depends on how the teacher organizes its use.
When online courses are well designed, they offer learners and teachers wonderful opportunities. Hybrid models that combine classroom interaction with tools like blogs, podcasts, social networks and discussion forums can engage students in ways that traditional environments do not. When students are given challenging material, asked to carry out research and to create ways to share what they are learning with students from all over the world, engagement goes up.
There are other benefits. Assessment of student learning can be partly automated and designed to provide continuous feedback. When students need assistance, they can be directed to activities that will help them learn. Perhaps most importantly, online courses can help bridge gaps in course offerings within a school district. Many economically challenged schools don’t have the resources to provide specialized or advanced courses, but those courses could be offered online.
Many students are already using technology in their own time to learn and create, for their own purposes or for school assignments (作業(yè)). If they know where to look, they can access online communities that foster (促進)their imagination and offer informal mentorship (輔導). Instead of wondering whether teenagers are too easily distracted by computers, we should be figuring out how we can use digital media to sustain (維持) teenagers’ interest and their desire to learn.
9．According to Jennifer Salls, in most current online classes, ______.
A．students hardly learn anything
B．students are made to learn all on their own
C．students are led to improve their self-study abilities
D．students focus more on theories than on problem-solving skills
10．Which of the following statements best summarizes Salls’ opinions?
A．Online courses should try to make the most of interactive resources.
B．Schools today pay more attention to students, conceptual knowledge.
C．Students cannot learn mathematics effectively through online courses.
D．Thanks to online classes, teachers’ work load can be greatly decreased.
11．Brigid Barron mentioned all of the following potentials of online classes EXCEPT ______.
A．narrowing the gap between rich and poor
B．providing students with real-time feedback
C．teaching students how to exploit online resources
D．maintaining students’ interest throughout the course
12．Both Salls and Barron believe that_______.
A．good courses should combine advanced technology and online resources
B．teachers play an important role in ensuring the effectiveness of online classes
C．students should be able to learn effectively through well-designed online classes
D．online courses are more effective only when students are assigned challenging tasks

（2022春·江蘇南京·高一南京師大附中?？计谀㏕he first time I questioned the traditional wisdom on the nature of a healthy diet, it was 40 years ago, and the subject was salt. Researchers found that salt supplementation(補充) was unnecessary after exercise, and this advice was passed on by health reporters. I recalled high school football practices in hot days. Without salt pills, I couldn’t make it through a two-hour practice.
Although sports nutritionists have recommended consuming more salt when we sweat hard in physical activity, the message that we should avoid salt at all other times remains strong. And salt is still considered deadly.
So why have we been told that salt is so deadly? The advice has always sounded reasonable: Eat more salt, and your body keeps water to maintain a stable concentration of sodium (鈉) in your blood. This is why salty food might make us thirsty: We drink more; we keep water. The result can be a temporary increase in blood pressure. The scientific question is whether this temporary phenomenon leads to permanent problems: If we eat too much salt for years, does it cause high blood pressure, and then kill us? It makes sense, but it’s only a hypothesis(假設), which hasn’t been proved but unfortunately accepted as a fact.
In reality, eating less salt can worsen health. Decades ago, Italian researchers’ study reported that reducing salt consumption increased the risk of dying early and that reducing sodium to a government-recommended “safe upper limit” is actually harmful.
Supporters of the eat-less-salt campaign(運動) tend to deal with this opposing evidence (證據(jù)) by implying that anyone raising it is a shill(同謀) for the food industry (widely criticized for adding salt to processed foods to improver taste). When several government agencies held a hearing last November to discuss how to ensure Americans eat less salt, anti-salt supporters argued that the latest reports suggesting damage from lower-salt diets should simply be ignored. This attitude, which lacks respect for science, has been held for the anti-salt campaign for decades. Maybe now is the time for it to change.
13．The underlined phrase in paragraph 1 refers to the belief that_________.
A．people should take in salt after exercise
B．salt intake was needless after physical activity
C．salt pills were helpful during football practices
D．a(chǎn) healthy diet does not necessarily include enough salt
14．What does the Italian researchers’ study show?
A．Eating less salt can harm our health.
B．Eating too much salt raises blood pressure.
C．We should try to avoid salt on a daily basis.
D．We should follow the recommended “safe upper limit”.
15．What do the eat-less-salt campaigners do with the opposing evidence?
A．They treat it with some respect.
B．They report it to the government agencies.
C．They do scientific experiments to support it.
D．They suggest that the food industry is behind it.
16．What is the writer’s attitude towards the anti-salt campaign?
A．Supportive. B．Unconcerned.
C．Puzzled. D．Negative.

（2022春·江蘇南京·高一南京航空航天大學附屬高級中學?？计谥校㎡n Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that 42% of Americans could be overweight by 2030. Our expanding waistlines lead to not only a medical problem, but according to a recent article In The New York Times, it could also affect personal safety in some situations-in an airplane crash, for example.
The New York Times’ Christen Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are adequately constructed to protect overweight travelers. Government standards for airplane seat strength—first set more than 60 years ago—require that the seats be made for a passenger weighing 170 pounds (77kg). Today, the average American man weighs nearly 194 pounds (88kg) and the average woman 165 pounds (75kg).
Negroni reports:
“If a heavier person completely fills seat, the seat is not likely to behave as intended during a crash.” said Robert Salazar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. “The energy absorption that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly.”
“Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said, “those people who are seated nearby could be endangered from ‘the uncontrolled movements of the passenger’.”
Most complaints about airplane seats focus on their lack of comfort and high ticket price, and whether overweight passengers should be made to buy two seats. But The New York Times’ article brings up another reason to feel anxious about flying. Investigators of the issue got in touch with the airplane seat and seat belt makers, but they refused to comment on the problem. Experts agreed that crash testing should be done with overweight dummies (人體模型). Both airplane seats and seat belts should be tested, they said.
Fortunately, however, according to Nora Marshall, a senior adviser at the National Transportation Safety Board, the board’s investigators have never seen an accident involving a commercial plane in which the weight of a passenger was a problem.
17．What is the article in The New York Times mainly concerned with?
A．The size of airplane seats and seat belts.
B．Safety of overweight airplane passengers.
C．Airplane crashes involving commercial planes.
D．A medical problem caused by being overweight.
18．Robert Salzar would probably agree that ________.
A．overweight passengers should buy two seats
B．the government should help produce safer planes
C．standards for airplane seat strength should be raised
D．passengers should know how to protect themselves
19．We can learn from the text that ________.
A．a(chǎn)irplane seat makers have perfected their products
B．there are few complaints about airplane seats
C．those seated near the overweight may suffer too
D．many airplane accidents involve the overweight
20．What is the best title for the text?
A．Why Do Passengers Feel Anxious about Flying?
B．Will 42% of Americans Be Overweight by 2030?
C．When Will The Overweight Enjoy Their Flight?
D．Are Airplane Seats Safe Enough for The Overweight?

（2022春·江蘇揚州·高一揚州中學?？计谥校〢s is known to us all, the stories we share with one another are significant, which shows our wisdom, providing our inspiration and attaching importance to our development. But occasionally people choose not to tell.
Consider the negative effects of not sharing a story in the news: People are wondering if public health officials are holding back too much information about the recent outbreak of Ebola.
There is a danger in holding back stories that ought to be told. Bobette Buster said it was like this, “The fact is, history has shown us that stories not told can become like a dangerous genie (妖怪) left in a bottle. When they are finally uncorked, their power to destroy is set free.”
There are a number of reasons why we hide parts of our story: they often show our weaknesses or expose our disadvantages; they require courage and strength to share, and of course, there are some stories that should be kept secret — especially those that embarrass someone else.
Most of us have two selves: the one we display on the outside and the one we actually are on the inside. And the better we get at hiding the stories that show our true selves, the more damage we may be causing to ourselves and to others.
Honesty and openness is important. It proves we are trustworthy. It displays we are human. We are not perfect or better. It highlights the importance of hard work and personal development. Hard work may not allow us to overcome our disadvantages completely. But with hard work, we do not have to be restricted to our mistakes.
Does this mean we admit every weakness, every disadvantage, and every secret regret to everybody we meet? No, of course not. There is a time and a place and a certain level of relationship necessary for some stories to be told in an appropriate manner.
21．What’s the function of the example in Paragraph 2?
A．It reflects that people are concerned about the spread of Ebola.
B．It proves not sharing a story can cause trouble.
C．It concludes that one should share a story at a proper time.
D．It shows the bad effect caused by sharing a story.
22．Which is close in meaning to the underlined word “uncorked” in Paragraph 3?
A．freed B．broken C．unfolded D．untouched
23．One of the reasons why people are unwilling to share experiences is that _______.
A．story-sharing highlights the importance of hard work
B．some stories make people feel sad
C．people are used to exposing their weaknesses
D．people sometimes have no courage to share their stories
24．The writer aims to convince us to _______.
A．remove the dangers that can be caused by untold stories
B．be open to people close to you by sharing some secrets
C．share stories appropriately for the good of others and ourselves
D．realize the importance of being honest when making friends

（2021春·江蘇連云港·高一統(tǒng)考期中）For decades, the homework standard has been a "10-minute" rule, which suggests a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level.
But some schools have begun to give their youngest students a break. A Massachusetts elementary school has announced a no-homework pilot（試點的）program for the coming school year, extending the school day by two hours to provide more in-class instruction. "We really want kids to go home at 4 o'clock, tired," Kelly Elementary School Principal Jackie Glasheen said. "We want them to enjoy their families. We want them to go to soccer practice or football practice."
New solutions to homework differ by community. These local debates aren't easily understood by the fact that even education experts disagree about what's best for kids.
The most all-round research on homework so far comes from an analysis（分析）by Duke University professor Harris Cooper, who found evidence（證據(jù)）of a positive relationship between homework and student achievement, meaning students who did homework performed better in school. Cooper's analysis focused on how homework influences test scores. The relationship was stronger for older students-in 7th through 12th grade-than for those in younger grades, for whom there was a weak relationship between homework and performance.
Although there is the weak relationship between homework and performance for young children, Cooper argues that a small amount of homework is useful for all students. Second-graders should not be doing two hours of homework each night, he said, but they also shouldn't be doing no homework.
However, Cathy Vatterott, an education professor at the University Missouri-St. Louis, thinks there is not enough evidence that homework is helpful for students in elementary school, "Relationship is not a cause," she said "Does homework cause achievement, or do high achievers do more homework?" Vatterott thinks there should be more stress on improving the quality of homework tasks, and she supports efforts to ban homework for younger kids.
25．What will Kelly Elementary School have in the new term?
A．No homework. B．Some football practice.
C．"10-minute" homework. D．More physical education classes.
26．Who can perform better according to Cooper's analysis?
A．Younger students in all grades with no homework.
B．Younger students in lower grades with no homework.
C．Older students in lower grades with more homework.
D．Older students in higher grades with more homework.
27．What's the writer's attitude towards "10-minute" homework?
A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Unknown. D．Doubtful.
28．What is the best title for the text?
A．Is homework good for students? B．How much homework is proper?
C．Does high-quality homework work? D．Do students really hate homework?

（2021春·江蘇淮安·高一校聯(lián)考期中）Happiness is for everyone. You don’t need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why? Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.
In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you; when you study hard at your lessons, your parent s are always taking good care of your life and your health; when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you; when you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. All these are your happiness. If you notice them, you can see that happiness is always around you.
Happiness is not the same as money. It is a feeling of your heart. When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can’t be bought with money. When you meet with difficulties, you can say loudly you are very happy, because you have more chances to challenge yourself. So you cannot always say you are poor and you have bad luck. As the saying goes, life is like a revolving(旋轉(zhuǎn))door. When it closes, it also opens. If you take every chance you get, you can be a happy and lucky person.
29．Happiness is for ________.
A．those who have large and beautiful houses B．a(chǎn)ll people
C．those who have a lot of money D．those who have cars
30．Which is TRUE according to the passage?
A．When you get success, your friends will be very proud of you.
B．You can get help from others when you make mistakes.
C．You can still be a happy person even if you have little money.
D．All the above.
31．Why do we say “Happiness is not the same as money”? Because ________.
A．money always brings happiness B．everything can be bought with money
C．money doesn’t always bring happiness D．only rich people have happiness
32．Which is the title of the passage?
A．Do Something Good to Others B．Happy and Lucky
C．Happiness D．Life and Success

（2021春·江蘇連云港·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Could being a little overweight help you live longer? A new international analysis (分析) shows a surprising answer: while obesity (肥胖) increases the risk of dying early, being slightly overweight reduces it. These studies included almost 3 million adults from around the world, yet the results were clearly the same, the authors of the analysis said.
“If you have a medical condition, your chances, of living are slightly better if you are a bit on the heavy side,” says study author Katherine Flegal, “Several factors may contribute to this finding.”
“Heavier people may tend to see the doctor earlier,” she says, “and may be more likely to be treated according to the doctor’s advice. Obesity itself may protect the heart, or someone who is heavier might be better able to fight against a shock to the system.”
For the study, Flegal’s team collected data on more than 2.88 million people included in 97 studies. The researchers looked at the participants’ (參與者) body mass index (BMI), a measure of body fat that takes into consideration a person’s height and weight.
The researchers found that, compared with people of normal weight, overweight people had a 6 percent lower risk of death. Obese people, however, had an 18 percent higher risk. For those who were the least obese, the risk of death was 5 percent lower than people of normal weight, but for those who were the most obese, the risk of death was 29 percent higher, the findings showed.
While the study found a relation between weight and the risk of early death, it did not prove a cause-and-effect relationship. Indeed, one expert warmed that body weight alone cannot tell health and the risk of death.
“There are other factors that play a role in health,” says Dr. William, a professor at Louisiana State University. “BMI simply is a parameter (參數(shù)); it doesn’t take family history, smoking, fitness, and other factors into consideration.”
33．What did Flegal’s team do for their study?
A．They interviewed almost 3 million adults. B．They did 97 experiments with fat people.
C．They collected data on 2.88 million people. D．They talked with doctors for medical conditions.
34．Compared with people of normal weight, the least obese people had a(n)______ risk of death.
A．5 percent lower B．6 percent lower C．18 percent higher D．29 percent higher
35．Which of the following may Dr. William agree with?
A．Weight contributes to the risk of early death.
B．Weight has no relation with the risk of death.
C．BMI is only a factor to judge people’s health.
D．BMI alone can tell people’s health conditions.
36．What can be the suitable title for the passage?
A．Obesity kills B．The thinner, the healthier
C．BMI counts D．A bit overweight, a longer life

（2022春·江蘇南京·高一統(tǒng)考期末）"We are running out of space and the only places to go to are other worlds. ... Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth" These are the words of the famous scientist Stephen Hawking.
Hawking was not alone in this view. Many experts feel that the only way for humans to last far into the future is to colonize (殖民) other planets. That way, if an asteroid (小行星), a terrible discase, or some other disaster strikes Earth, we would still have a chance. Mars is one of the best choices. NASA, the private company SpaceX，and other organizations all have plans to send humans there. "Either we spread Earth to other planets, or we go out of existence,” SpaceX founder Elon Musk said.
But not everyone agrees that colonizing Mars or any other planet is such a great plan. The most common argument against going is that it's just too expensive or dangerous. It will take huge amounts of money and other resources just to get people there, let alone set up a place for them to live. It's not even clear if humans could survive on Mars.
Maybe all the time and money people would pour into a Mars task would be better spent on more important projects here on Earth, like dealing with poverty or climate change. Some experts argue that handling a problem like an asteroid strike or disease outbreak while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet. In addition, moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there. Mars seems uninhabited, but it could possibly host some life. Human visitors may destroy this life or change the Martian environment forever.
What do you think? Should humans colonize outer space or stay at home?
37．In writing Paragraph 1, the author aims to________
A．provide an explanation B．make a comparison
C．reach a conclusion D．introduce a topic
38．In Paragraph 2, many experts recommend colonizing Mars in order to ________.
A．protect humans from dying out
B．make Hawking's dream come true
C．seek more space for humans to live in
D．encourage different organizations to compete
39．For what reason are some scientists against colonizing Mars?
A．Out of space, out of mind. B．Money should be well spent.
C．East or west, home is the best. D．One should mind his own business.
40．What’s the author's attitude towards colonizing Mars?
A．Confident. B．Doubtful. C．Objective. D．Supportive.


1．A????2．D????3．C????4．B
【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章就現(xiàn)代生活方式對兒童視力的影響，以及矯正兒童視力的解決方案展開討論。
1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“How’ s your eyesight? From the moment we’ reborn, our eyes grow, our vision becomes clearer and some of us will have normal vision. However, others will become short-sighted (近視) and end up wearing glasses to help them see everything clearly. And some experts say that more of us will be wearing them in the future because of our lifestyle when we were younger.(你的視力怎么樣？從我們重生的那一刻起，我們的眼睛長大了，我們的視力變得更加清晰，我們中的一些人會有正常的視力。然而，其他人會變成近視眼，最后戴上眼鏡來幫助他們看清楚一切。一些專家表示，由于我們年輕時的生活方式，未來會有更多的人戴上它們。)”可推斷，作者通過提問題的方式來引出主題。故選A。
2．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“The condition can be genetic (遺傳的), but it’ s also partly caused by a number of modern-day factors — particularly children staring at phone screens, computers and game controllers for long periods of time. (這種情況可能是遺傳的，但也有一些現(xiàn)代因素造成的，尤其是兒童長時間盯著手機屏幕、電腦和游戲手柄。)”可知，兒童近視的現(xiàn)代因素是屏幕時間的增加。故選D。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Some experts say that in these places with huge educational success, children spend more time indoors studying. (一些專家說，在這些教育取得巨大成功的地方，孩子們花更多的時間在室內(nèi)學習。)”可知，在教育取得巨大成功的國家，近視兒童越來越多，是因為他們花更多的時間在室內(nèi)學習。故選C。
4．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Experts also recommend kids have regular eye tests to find out any prob lens before they become more serious. (專家還建議孩子們定期進行視力檢查，在問題變得更嚴重之前找出問題鏡片。)”可知，專家建議孩子們定期進行視力檢查。故選B。
5．A????6．D????7．B????8．D

【導語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了專家給出壞建議很常見。
5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Warren Buffett’s father told him not to go into securities (證券). Oprah was warned that moving to Chicago would destroy her career. These stories of famous people being told not to do the very thing that later made them hugely successful are entertaining, but they also show a larger point. Bad advice is very common.(沃倫·巴菲特的父親告訴他不要進入證券行業(yè)。有人警告奧普拉，搬到芝加哥會毀了她的事業(yè)。這些名人被告知不要做后來讓他們獲得巨大成功的事情的故事很有趣，但它們也表明了一個更重要的問題。壞建議很常見。)”可知，作者提到巴菲特和奧普拉的故事是為了引出壞建議很常見這個話題。故選A。
6．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“As investor Paul Graham has said, “When experts are wrong, it’s often because they’re experts on an earlier version of the world.”(正如投資人保羅·格雷厄姆所說:“當專家們犯錯時，往往是因為他們是對世界早期版本的專家?！?”可知，根據(jù)Paul Graham的看法，專家有時候給出壞的建議是因為他們把自己的建議建立在先前的知識基礎上。故選D。
7．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第四段““When people come to us for advice, we can stop ourselves from giving them a suggestion immediately,” he, well, advises.( “當人們向我們尋求建議時，我們可以阻止自己立即給他們建議，”他建議道。)”可推知，劃線詞所在的句子意思是：在《紐約時報》的一篇文章中，沃頓商學院教授亞當·格蘭特(Adam Grant)給出了一個簡單的建議——不要再提建議。Prescription意為“建議”。故選B。
8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Instead, provide a framework (框架) for making the decision. That way advice seekers can put their own variables (交量) into your system and see what answer it gives. This also offers them a chance to develop their own decision-making muscles.( 相反，要提供一個做決定的框架。這樣，尋求建議的人就可以把他們自己的變量放入你的系統(tǒng)中，看看它會給出什么答案。這也為他們提供了一個發(fā)展自己決策能力的機會。)”可知，關于提供建議作者建議幫助人們發(fā)展一種更完整的方式來考慮他們的選擇。故選D。
9．B????10．A????11．A????12．C

【導語】本文是議論文。文章主要介紹Salls和Barron對在線課程的看法。
9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JENNIFER SALLS---A high school math teacher in Sparks, Nevada部分第二段“When we imagine an online course, we think of a solitary(孤立的) process in which a student is holed up with his or her computer, watching PowerPoints, paging through screens of text and solving a whole bunch of problems.(當我們想象一個在線課程時，我們會想到一個孤立的學習過程，一個學生在他或者她的電腦面前，看PPT，翻閱屏幕文本，以及解決很多問題)”可知，Salls認為現(xiàn)在很多的在線課程都是學生被迫自己學習。故選B。
10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)JENNIFER SALLS---A high school math teacher in Sparks, Nevada部分第三段“A good online course would take advantage of the many interactive resources. (一個好的線上課程應該充分利用互動資源。)”和第四段“Eventually, the lesson would move students toward solving equations, using their experiences with the interactive program as the jumping-off point. (最終，這節(jié)課將引導學生用他們在互動中學到的經(jīng)驗作為出發(fā)點去解決方程問題。)”可知，Salls 認為在線課程應該充分利用互動資源，這樣可以幫助學生把互動中學到的經(jīng)驗運用到實際的解決問題中去。故選A。
11．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BRIGID BARRON-A psychologist at Stanford University’s School of Education部分第二段“When students are given challenging material, asked to carry out research and to create ways to share what they are learning with students from all over the world, engagement goes up. (當學生們被給予有挑戰(zhàn)性的材料時、被要求進行研究并創(chuàng)造方法來與世界各地的學生分享他們所學的東西時，這樣參與度就會提高。)”和第三段“Assessment of student learning can be partly automated and designed to provide continuous feedback. When students need assistance, they can be directed to activities that will help them learn. Perhaps most importantly, online courses can help bridge gaps in course offerings within a school district. Many economically challenged schools don’t have the resources to provide specialized or advanced courses, but those courses could be offered online. (對學生學習的評價可以部分自動化，并設計為提供持續(xù)的反饋。當學生需要幫助時，他們可以被引導去參加有助于他們學習的活動。也許最重要的是，在線課程可以幫助彌補一個學區(qū)內(nèi)課程供應的差距。許多經(jīng)濟困難的學校沒有資源提供專業(yè)或高級課程，但這些課程網(wǎng)上可以提供。)”可知，在線課程可以給學生提供實時的反饋，教學生如何開發(fā)在線資源、通過課程來維持他們的參與度，即對課程的興趣，以及彌補同一地區(qū)課程供中應的差異。選項A“narrowing the gap between rich and poor(縮小貧富之間的差距)”不符合以上說法。故選A。
12．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JENNIFER SALLS---A high school math teacher in Sparks, Nevada部分第一段“l(fā)t is possible to construct good online courses that would support mathematics learning with middle and high school students. (構建良好的網(wǎng)絡課程來支持中、高學生的數(shù)學學習是可能的。)”和BRIGID BARRON-A psychologist at Stanford University’s School of Education部分第二段“When online courses are well designed, they offer learners and teachers wonderful opportunities. (在線課程設計良好時，它們可以為學習者和教師提供良好的機會。)”可知，Salls和Barron 都認為設計良好的在線課程可以給學生和老師提供幫助。故選C。
13．B????14．A????15．D????16．D

【導語】這是一篇議論文。人們普遍認為攝入過多的鹽會對身體造成傷害，并形成了反鹽運動，認為鹽是致命的。但作者對這樣的運動持懷疑態(tài)度，認為少吃鹽會惡化健康狀況。
13．詞句猜測題，根據(jù)第一段“Researchers claimed that salt supplementation (補充) was unnecessary after intense exercise, and this advice was passed on by health reporters. I recalled high school football practices in hot days. Without salt pills, I couldn’t make it through a two-hour practice.（研究人員聲稱，在劇烈運動后補充鹽是不必要的，這個建議被健康記者傳遞下去。我回憶起高中在熱天的足球訓練。沒有鹽藥片，我無法進行兩小時的練習）”推知，劃線部分“the traditional wisdom （傳統(tǒng)智慧）”指的是“劇烈運動后補充鹽是不必要的”，所以作者才會質(zhì)疑這個傳統(tǒng)智慧。故選B。
14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“In reality, eating less salt can worsen health. Decades ago, Italian researchers’ study reported that reducing salt consumption increased the risk of dying early and that reducing sodium to a government-recommended “safe upper limit” is actually harmful.（事實上，少吃鹽會惡化健康。幾十年前，意大利研究人員的臨床試驗報告稱，減少鹽的攝入會增加早死的風險，而將鈉降低到政府建議的“安全上限”實際上是有害的）”可知，意大利研究人員的臨床試驗表明了少吃鹽會對我們的健康構成威脅。故選A。
15．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Supporters of the eat-less-salt campaign tend to deal with this confusing evidence by implying that anyone raising it is a shill (同謀) for the food industry (widely criticized for adding salt to processed foods to improve taste).（“少吃鹽運動”的支持者們在面對這一相反的證據(jù)時，往往會暗示，任何提出這一建議的人都是食品行業(yè)的托兒（食品行業(yè)因為在加工食品中添加鹽以改善味道而受到廣泛批評））”可知，在面對相反的證據(jù)時，那些倡導少吃鹽的人認為食品工業(yè)是幕后黑手，那些反對“少吃鹽”的人都是食品行業(yè)的托，因為食品行業(yè)需要大量鹽來改善味道。故選D。
16．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“The first time I questioned the conventional wisdom on the nature of a healthy diet, it was 40 years ago, and the subject was salt.（我第一次質(zhì)疑關于健康飲食本質(zhì)的大眾觀念是在40年前，當時的話題是鹽）”和最后一段“This attitude, which lacks respect for science, has been the norm for the anti-salt campaign for decades. Maybe now is the time for it to change.（這種不尊重科學的態(tài)度已經(jīng)成為反鹽運動幾十年來的準則。也許現(xiàn)在是時候改變了）”推知，作者對于反鹽運動持否定態(tài)度。故選D。
【點睛】
17．B????18．C????19．C????20．D

【導語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要討論現(xiàn)在的飛機座位對于較胖的乘客是否足夠安全。
17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“On Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that 42% of Americans could be overweight by 2030. Our expanding waistlines lead to not only a medical problem, but according to a recent article In The New York Times, it could also affect personal safety in some situations-in an airplane crash, for example. (周一，美國疾病控制和預防中心預測，到2030年，42%的美國人可能會過于肥胖。我們不斷擴大的腰圍不僅會導致醫(yī)療問題，而且根據(jù)《紐約時報》最近的一篇文章：在某些情況下，它還會影響人身安全——例如墜機。)”可知，在飛機上，乘客過胖會影響自身安全和引發(fā)飛機事故。故推知《紐約時報》最近的一篇文章?lián)娘w機上過胖的乘客的安全。故選B。
18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)Negroni reports部分““If a heavier person completely fills seat, the seat is not likely to behave as intended during a crash.” said Robert Salazar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. “The energy absorption that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly.” (弗吉尼亞大學應用生物力學中心的首席科學家Robert Salazar說：“如果一個較重的人完全填滿座位，那么座椅在碰撞過程中不太可能按預期表現(xiàn)。內(nèi)置在飛機座椅上的能量吸收系統(tǒng)可能會難以承受，乘客將無法得到適當?shù)谋Ｗo。)”可知，乘客過胖，飛機座位難以承受過胖的乘客，無法保護他們。故推知Robert Salazar贊成應提高飛機座椅的強度標準，以承載過重的乘客。故選C。
19．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段““Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said, “those people who are seated nearby could be endangered from ‘the uncontrolled movements of the passenger’.” (Salzar博士說：“傷害也不會僅限于那名乘客。如果座椅或安全帶失效，坐在附近的乘客可能會受到‘不受自己控制的過胖乘客運動’的威脅。)”可知，那些坐在過胖乘客附近的人也可能受到影響。故選C。
20．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段““If a heavier person completely fills seat, the seat is not likely to behave as intended during a crash.” said Robert Salazar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. “The energy absorption that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly.” (弗吉尼亞大學應用生物力學中心的首席科學家Robert Salazar說：“如果一個較重的人完全填滿座位，那么座椅在碰撞過程中不太可能按預期表現(xiàn)。內(nèi)置在飛機座椅上的能量吸收系統(tǒng)可能會難以承受，乘客將無法得到適當?shù)谋Ｗo。)”及第四段““Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said, “those people who are seated nearby could be endangered from ‘the uncontrolled movements of the passenger’.” (Salzar博士說：“傷害也不會僅限于那名乘客。如果座椅或安全帶失效，坐在附近的乘客可能會受到‘不受自己控制的過胖乘客運動’的威脅。)”可知，飛機的座位不適合過胖的人，無法保護過胖的乘客并影響鄰座乘客。故推知文章主要討論飛機座位對超重者來說是否合適與安全。故推知文章標題是Are Airplane Seats Safe Enough for the Overweight? (飛機座位對超重者來說足夠安全嗎？)。故選D。
21．B????22．A????23．D????24．C

【導語】這是一篇議論文。本文主要向我們介紹了不分享理應被分享的消息或情況會給我們帶來的負面影響，接著剖析了我們不愿分享的原因，以及誠實和坦率的重要性，但最后一段告訴我們并非所有的東西都要去分享，而是要在合適的時間地點，以一種合適的方式去分享。
21．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Consider the negative effects of not sharing a story in the news: People are wondering if public health officials are holding back too much information about the recent outbreak of Ebola. (想想在新聞中不分享情況的負面影響：人們想知道公共衛(wèi)生官員是否對最近爆發(fā)的埃博拉疫情隱瞞了太多信息)”可知，第二段中例舉了不分享埃博拉情況導致人們懷疑公共衛(wèi)生官員是否隱瞞疫情的例子，以此來證明段首“the negative effects of not sharing a story”不分享情況會帶來負面影響甚至麻煩的觀點。故選B項。
22．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句“When they are finally uncorked, their power to destroy is set free.(當它們最終被uncorked時，它們的毀滅力量就釋放出來了)”句意和其中“is set free”可推知，劃線詞uncorked意為“打開，釋放”之意，與free“解放，使自由”意思相近。故選A項。
23．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“There are a number of reasons why we hide parts of our story: they often show our weaknesses or expose our disadvantages; they require courage and strength to share; and of course, there are some stories that should be kept secret — especially those that embarrass someone else. (有很多原因可以解釋為什么我們會隱藏自己的故事：它們通常會顯示我們的弱點或暴露我們的缺點；分享需要勇氣和力量；當然，有些故事應該保密——尤其是那些讓別人難堪的情況)”可知，人們不愿意分享經(jīng)驗的原因之一是：人們有時沒有勇氣分享他們的故事。故選D項。
24．推理判斷題。通讀全文，并結合第五段中“And the better we get at hiding the stories that show our true selves, the more damage we may be causing to ourselves and to others.(我們越是善于隱藏那些展現(xiàn)真實自我的故事，我們對自己和他人造成的傷害就越大)”和最后一段中“There is a time and a place and a certain level of relationship necessary for some stories to be told in an appropriate manner. (有些故事需要以適當?shù)姆绞街v述，這需要時間、地點和一定程度的關系)”可推知，作者在文中告訴我們，隱藏自我的故事是有害的，所以勸誡我們要為了他人和自己的利益適當?shù)胤窒砉适?。故選C項。
25．A????26．D????27．C????28．A

【分析】本文是議論文。文章主要圍繞學生們是否應該有家庭作業(yè)，家庭作業(yè)對學生們好不好這些問題進行討論。
25．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“A Massachusetts elementary school has announced a no-homework pilot（試點的）program for the coming school year,”（麻省的一個小學已經(jīng)宣布了一個在即將到來的這個學年沒有作業(yè)的試點項目。）可知，Kelly Elementary School在新學期將沒有作業(yè)。故選A。
26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“…meaning students who did homework performed better in school. Cooper's analysis focused on how homework influences test scores. The relationship was stronger for older students-in 7th through 12th grade-than for those in younger grades…”（意思是做家庭作業(yè)的學生們的學校表現(xiàn)要更好。Cooper的分析集中在家庭作業(yè)是如何影響考試成績的。這個關系對于7到12年級的大點的學生要比那些年齡小點的強。）可知，年齡大點的高年級學生作業(yè)多的學校表現(xiàn)會更好。故選D。
27．推理判斷題。文章只是在第一段“For decades, the homework standard has been a "10-minute" rule, which suggests a daily maximum of 10 minutes of homework per grade level.”（幾十年來，家庭作業(yè)的標準一直都是“10分鐘”原則，意思是每個年級每天最多寫10分鐘的家庭作業(yè)。）和第二段“But some schools have begun to give their youngest students a break.”（但是有一些學校已經(jīng)開始讓小年齡的學生們打破這個規(guī)則了。）闡述了一下“10分鐘”原則，但是作者并沒有對它表示任何的看法。故選C。
28．主旨大意題。本文由“10分鐘”原則引入學生們的家庭作業(yè)問題，接下來告訴讀者有一些小學要實施沒有家庭作業(yè)的試點項目，然后闡述了專家的意見：高年級的學生們家庭作業(yè)多的在考試中表現(xiàn)會更好。所以，總結來說，這篇文章就是圍繞家庭作業(yè)對學生們好不好來討論的。故選A。
29．B????30．D????31．C????32．C

【分析】本文是議論文。作者關于“幸福是什么”提出自己的觀點：每個人都會擁有幸福，幸福是內(nèi)心的感受，幸福和金錢不是同一回事。
29．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首句“Happiness is for everyone”可知，幸福是屬于每一個人的，每一個人都會擁有幸福。故選B。
30．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中“when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you; when you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it.”可知，當你成功的時候，你的朋友會祝賀你，為你感到驕傲；當你做錯事的時候，你身邊的人會幫你糾正；根據(jù)第三段中“When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can’t be bought with money”可知，當你貧窮的時候，你也會很幸福，因為你擁有用錢買不到的其他東西。因此，ABC三項的說法都是正確的。故選D。
31．推理判斷題。文章第一段中提到“Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.（因為那些有大房子的人可能經(jīng)常感到孤獨，而那些有汽車的人可能想在他們的空閑時間走在鄉(xiāng)村的道路上）”可知，錢并不總是帶來幸福；第三段中提到“When you are poor, you can also say you are very happy, because you have something else that can’t be bought with money（當你貧窮的時候，你也會很幸福，因為你擁有用錢買不到的其他東西）”由此可以推斷，幸福和金錢并不是同一回事，金錢并不總是會帶來幸福，而貧窮也不是就一定不幸福。故選C。
32．主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章第一段提出觀點“Happiness is for everyone.”每一個人都會擁有幸福；第二段提出觀點“happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it（只要你用心去感受，幸福就會一直在你身邊）”；第三段提出觀點“Happiness is not the same as money.”金錢并不總是會帶來幸福。因此文章是論述幸福是什么，標題應該為“幸?！?。故選C。
33．C????34．A????35．C????36．D

【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要討論肥胖對身體健康的影響。根據(jù)研究表明，微胖的人可能會活得更久。
33．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“For the study, Flegal’s team collected data on more than 2.88 million people included in 97 studies.”(在這項研究中，F(xiàn)legal的研究小組在97項研究中收集了288萬人的數(shù)據(jù))可知，為了這項研究，F(xiàn)legal的團隊收集了288萬人的數(shù)據(jù)。故選C項。
34．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“For those who were the least obese, the risk of death was 5 percent lower than people of normal weight, but for those who were the most obese, the risk of death was 29 percent higher, the findings showed.(研究結果顯示，那些最不肥胖的人的死亡風險比正常體重的人低5%，但那些最肥胖的人的死亡風險要高29%)”可知，那些最不肥胖的人的死亡風險比正常體重的人低5%。故選A項。
35．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“BMI simply is a parameter (參數(shù)); it doesn’t take family history, smoking, fitness, and other factors into consideration. (BMI僅僅是一個參數(shù)，它并不考慮家族史，吸煙，健康和其他因素)”可知，BMI僅僅是一個判斷人健康的因素。故選C項。
36．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Could being a little overweight help you live longer? A new international analysis shows a surprising answer: while obesity increases the risk of dying early, being slightly overweight reduces it.(微胖可以幫助你活得更久嗎？一個新研究分析表明，肥胖可以增加過早死亡的風險，而微胖可以減少這種風險)”及下文對該項研究的介紹可知，A bit overweight, a longer life(稍微超重一點，壽命更長一點)適合做本文最佳標題。故選D項。
37．D????38．A????39．B????40．C

【分析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要討論人類應該待在地球還是殖民其他星球。
37．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Spreading out may be the only thing that saves us from ourselves. I am convinced that humans need to leave Earth”（擴張或許是僅存的拯救我們自己的方式。我深信人類需要離開地球。）可知，文章開頭就通過Stephen Hawking的話引出話題：離開地球，去其他星球，故選D項。
38．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“That way, if an asteroid (小行星), a terrible discase, or some other disaster strikes Earth, we would still have a chance.”（如果一顆小行星或其他的災難襲擊地球，我們通過這種方式，仍將有機會存活。）可知，殖民火星是為了保護人類，以免人類滅絕，故選A項。
39．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“The most common argument against going is that it's just too expensive or dangerous.”（反對去其他星球的言論中最普遍的是：太貴和危險。）可知，因為太貴，太危險，所以一些科學家反對殖民火星，故選B項。
40．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“while staying here on Earth would be much easier and less expensive than surviving on a new planet.”（然而待在地球比在一個新星球上生存更容易，花費更少。）及“moving to a new planet could harm or destroy anything that already lives there.”（搬到新星球會傷害或毀滅那兒已經(jīng)存在的生命。）可知，作者以客觀的角度分析了是否移民火星這個問題，故選C項。

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