?譯林版（2020）高一英語下學期期末復習 查缺補漏沖刺滿分
(名校最新期末真題)
專題06 閱讀理解之說明文10篇
（2022春·江蘇鹽城·高一江蘇省射陽中學?？计谀〣eavers (河貍) are famous for building impressive dams in streams. They have a rare ability to transform the landscapes they live in. This is primarily because beavers need to use their dams to hide from predators (捕食者) like bears, wolves, and river otters. Beavers live in dome-shaped constructions within the ponds that can only be accessed by underwater entrances. Inside, they are safe from threats. Besides, they can also store food inside and keep warm in winter.
Beavers build dams up to 5 meters high, and the largest one, in Alberta, Canada, is 850 meters long. Most dams are built from pieces of wood, with stones at the base and a sealing layer of mud and plants on the upstream side. The dams are thicker at the bottom with a shallow slope on the upstream side, meaning that the weight of the water pushes down on the dam, keeping it in place and allowing it to hold back large volumes of water. Their engineering work is so effective that beaver dams can last for decades.
Beaver dams can promote the creation and development of stable wetland ecosystems, one of the most productive ecosystems in the world, which serve as the home of rare and endangered species. In addition, the dams can help water flow to the newly created ponds, thus, preventing flooding in areas downstream of the rivers where these dams are built. They also protect the land from soil erosion (侵蝕, 腐蝕) and block pollutants in the water flow downstream into major water bodies.
However, Ph. D．student Robert Needham, from the International Centre for Ecohydraulics Research at Southampton, expressed a great deal of his concern about the possibility of beaver dams blocking the upstream and downstream migration (遷移) of Atlantic salmon (鮭魚) and trout during their reproduction seasons, as well as affecting habitat (棲息地) quality. Thus, people should control the construction of beaver dams, especially in human-inhabited areas, near agricultural fields and pasture lands.
1．What is the main reason for beavers to build dams?
A．Keeping warm in winter.
B．Storing food for later use.
C．Protecting themselves from predators.
D．Saving their habitats from river flooding.
2．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A．The living environment of beavers.
B．The features of beaver dams.
C．The methods of building beaver dams.
D．The introduction to the largest beaver dam.
3．What can we infer from paragraph 3?
A．River pollution poses a big danger to beavers.
B．Beaver dams have great ecological(生態(tài)的)significance.
C．Stable wetland ecosystems are important to dam construction.
D．Beaver dams serve as the place of reproduction for some species.
4．Which of the following may Robert Needham agree with?
A．People may be disturbed by too many beaver dams.
B．Beaver dams make many sea animals leave their habitats.
C．Farmers could benefit a lot from beavers engineering work.
D．Beaver dams promote an increase of some species in the Atlantic

（2022春·江蘇淮安·高一統(tǒng)考期末）I am a cognitive behavioral hypnotherapist (認知行為治療師). I started my practice from sleep disorders, and soon came to realize how strongly loneliness was linked with poor sleep. I’ve focused on my skills and understanding of loneliness in order to know how I could best serve my patients.
Loneliness is an emotion. We probably all experience it at some point, but loneliness is very complicated and unique to each of us. There’s a big difference between loneliness and solitude (獨處). Being alone is a choice, while feeling lonely isn’t something we force ourselves. You want to be around people, but something is making you feel unwanted or empty, so you’re not having the meaningful connection you seek.
When you’re feeling lonely over a long period of time, it becomes a chronic (慢性的) problem. It can finally turn into a mental and physical health problem, and can be a symptom or cause of depression. It can affect self-respect. You might turn to food and not feel like to exercise, as chronic loneliness is linked to increased risk of high blood pressure, obesity and even dementia (癡呆).
To manage loneliness, you need to accept it. Loneliness is one of the most common feelings people have. Don’t brush it under the carpet, as that doesn’t help solve the problem. Seek joy in little things, like smelling a flower or a walk in nature. Celebrate each small achievement. When you decide to change things and seek a connect in with others, consider ale-minded group. A patient of mine joined a sewing group and it was very successful.
The best way to help somebody who is lonely is to sensitively ask how they are and what they’re doing, and listen to the answer in a non-judgmental way. If you want to invite them to do something with you, do it. If they say no, don’t be discouraged from asking again. They might need time before feeling ready to say yes.
5．Why does the author focus on loneliness?
A．To do research on patients’ sleep disorders.
B．To find out the true reason for loneliness.
C．To provide better service for patients.
D．To help poor sleepers gain a better sleep.
6．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Accepting loneliness is the only cure.
B．Hiding loneliness turns out to be unwise.
C．Joining a sewing group proves successful.
D．Meeting people with common interests won’t help.
7．If you want to help your friend Tom who is lonely, what will you do?
A．Invite him later again though he has refused.
B．Leave him alone for fear of disturbing him.
C．Tell him right from wrong after listening to him carefully.
D．Ask about his conditions publicly when noticing him in a bad mood.
8．What do we know about loneliness according to the text?
A．Loneliness is a choice that people can choose by themselves.
B．Loneliness is a factor that can influence yourself-reflection.
C．Loneliness is a serious problem that can cause dementia directly.
D．Loneliness is a complicated emotion that people may all experience.

（2022春·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·高一統(tǒng)考期末）It’s time to put down the phone and look away from Instagram (一款照片分享應用程序): Researchers found that people who look at pictures of food are less likely to enjoy the next meal they eat.
Ryan Elder and Jeff Larson of Brigham Young University asked 232 people to look at photos of food and rate them. The researchers divided the participants into two groups-one group looked at 60 photos of desserts, while the other examined 60 photos of sally foods. Participants (參加者) ranked each photo based on how attractive the food looked. Afterward both groups enjoyed a snack of salted peanuts. The group that looked at pictures of salty foods liked the peanuts less than the group who looked at desserts, even though no one saw photos of peanuts.
“If you want to enjoy your meal, avoid looking at too many pictures of food,” Larson said. “Even I felt a little sick to my stomach during the study after looking at all the sweet pictures we had.”
The researchers believe that food doesn’t taste as good after viewing all those photos because looking at many photos makes people feel as if they have already experienced the sensation (感覺) of eating. Whatever someone eats after looking at photos doesn’t seem as good as what she saw.
“In a way, you’re becoming tired of that taste without even eating the food,” said Elder. “It’s sensory boredom-you’ve kind of moved on. You don’t want that taste experience anymore.”
But there is some good news: People need to look at a lot of food photos to experience sensory boredom. So if you want to enjoy your next brunch, play it safe and stay away from your foodie friend’s photo albums.
9．What did the researchers do in the experiment?
A．They showed peanut pictures to participants.
B．They chose 232 participants who enjoy eating.
C．They reminded participants to avoid sweet food.
D．They asked participants to eat some salted peanuts.
10．What happened to the participants in the salty group?
A．They were afraid of rating food pictures. B．They found salted peanuts less enjoyable.
C．They enjoyed their meals a lot more. D．They compared their food with others’.
11．which of the following shows “sensory boredom”?
A．You lose your sense of taste when you feel extremely tired.
B．You are bored with your meal after taking pictures of food.
C．You find food less delicious after seeing many food pictures.
D．You eat more than before when the food tastes delicious.
12．What is the best title for the passage?
A．How we can stay away from Instagram. B．What causes people to enjoy salty foods.
C．Why Instagram is reducing your appetite. D．Which food tastes less delicious.

（2022春·江蘇無錫·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Some 15 years ago, in the beautiful Canadian province of Prince Edward Island, an organic (有機的) farmer separate his cows among two fields, one of which was near the beach. Overtime, Joe Dorgan noticed that his cows by the ocean were in better shape than other cows. They were producing more milk, had fewer diseases and were highly reproductive. They seemed to be all-around happier animals.
The only difference he could see between the two kinds was that the happier ones could reach the beach and were eating seaweed. So Dorgan carried seaweed across the road for his land-locked cows to see if it would make a difference. Before long, those cows were catching up with their seaside ones. He then sold his farm to start a new company, North Atlantic Organics, selling organic sea plant products to local farmers.
He knew he was on to something big. But he had no idea that what he had noticed about his cows’ new diet was about to give the world a potentially significant weapon in the fight against climate change.
One of the scientists, Rob Kinley, was researching ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (排放) in animals by changing their diet.
On average, one cow can give off the same amount of greenhouse (溫室) gas as one car. About 15 percent of global greenhouse gases are made up of methane from animals when digesting (消化) the food. With Dorgan’ s seaweed mix in hand, Kinley started measuring emissions from the cows. What he discovered was an 18 percent reduction in methane emissions compared with non-seaweed-eating cows.
It was a moment of light, and a global search for an even more efficient (高效的) seaweed began. The potential for the seaweed to reduce the world’ s greenhouse gas output is great, and the hope is that cows will be feeding on Future Feed — the commercial product developed by CSIRO, Meat and Livestock Australia, and James Cook University — by the end of 2022.
13．Why is the story of Joe Dorgan and his cows mentioned?
A．To raise a doubt. B．To lead to the topic.
C．To praise a farmer. D．To respond to the problem.
14．What does the underlined word “methane” refer to in Paragraph 5?
A．A dangerous food harmful to the animals.
B．A dangerous food harmful to the humans.
C．A kind of chemical harmful to the food.
D．A kind of chemical harmful to the environment.
15．What’ s the most important finding of Rob Kinley’ s research?
A．One cow can be as bad as one car for the environment.
B．Animals give off more greenhouse gases than expected.
C．Seaweed-eating cows are friendlier to the environment.
D．Non-seaweed-eating cows give off 18% lower greenhouse gas.
16．What’ s the best title for the text?
A．A Potentially Significant Weapon in the Fight against Climate Change
B．An Unusually Smart Farmer in the Fight against Global Greenhouse Gas
C．The Specially Efficient Seaweed in the Fight for More Milk from the Cows
D．The World-changing Research in the Fight for More Commercial Future Feed

（2022春·江蘇淮安·高一統(tǒng)考期末）After years of efforts, China’s space station has been fully operational.
Over the past 19 years, from China’s first manned space mission Shenzhou V to the latest Shenzhou XV launch, the nation’s space projects have progressed from a single-astronaut mission to the long-term stay of several astronauts in space, and the length of time the astronauts stay in space has expanded from just 23 hours to six months.
After the Shenzhou XV spacecraft docked (對接) with the Tiangong space station, the three astronauts handed it over to the three new arrivals before returning to Earth. During the week-long transition (過渡) period there were six astronauts living in the space station. That’s really a huge step forward. Actually, China’s space progress has been advancing. It took eight years to go from Shenzhou V to the Tiangong I space lab, and five years from Tiangong I to the more advanced spacelab Tian gong II.
With the arrival of the Shenzhou XV spacecraft and it screw (全體工作人員) , the Chinese space station is opening a new chapter for China’s space program, as the astronauts will conduct a series of scientific experiments in space. More than 40 space science and technology experiments will be conducted by the Shenzhou XV astronauts. And with more scientific research equipment to be sent to the space station, it will be equal to having a world-class university laboratory in space.
Besides, requests have been received from several countries to send astronauts to take part in the space station experiments, and China is coordinating (協(xié)調(diào)) with them and actively preparing for the training of foreign astronauts.
The International Space Station has conducted over 3,000 experiments during its time in service, and the Chinese space station won’t waste a minute in this regard. As the only space station after the ISS is retired, it will continue to expand human’s understanding of space. That is worth looking forward to.
17．What can we know from Paragraph 2?
A．Shenzhou V could only take one astronaut to space.
B．Shenzhou V is China’s first man-made spacecraft.
C．Shenzhou XV is China’s first space station.
D．Shenzhou XV stayed in space for just 23 hours.
18．What will happen after the arrival of the Shenzhou XV and it screw?
A．An advanced university laboratory will be sent to Tiangong.
B．Foreign astronauts will probably work in Tiangong in the near future.
C．The International Space Station will be replaced by Tiangong.
D．Crews from Shenzhou XV has done many experiments in space.
19．What’s the author’s attitude towards Tiangong Space Station?
A．Doubtful. B．Negative. C．In different. D．Positive.
20．Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Tiangong space station is open to the world.
B．Shenzhou crews meet in Tiangong space station.
C．Tiangong space station and its functions.
D．Shenzhou XV and its advanced techniques.

（2022春·江蘇宿遷·高一統(tǒng)考期末）In the past several months, Apple, Google and Samsung have all launched their newest smartphones and other products. But in the process, this may also be adding to a growing problem: electronic waste.
The limited lifespan of many tech gadgets(設備)has caused the issue of e-waste to increase over the years. “People tend not to realize that all these seemingly insignificant things have a lot of value, especially in large amounts, ”Pascal Leroy, director general of the WEEE Forum, said in a statement
How to solve the problems of e-waste is much more than just cleaning out space in your junk drawers. Actually, large amounts of e-waste are shipped to developing countries that lack the power to refuse and safely recycle these imports. The WHO warned that children, with their smaller hands, are often used to deal with mountains of e-waste in developing nations in search of valuable elements such as copper, silver, palladium and so on. The WHO said the health of more than 18 million children are being affected negatively as they are employed in this informal e-waste processing industry.
Personally, what can you do to reduce the e-waste burden? Find an e-waste disposal(處理) service. The impact of recycling e-waste can be staggering. For every 1 million cellphones that are recycled, 35, 000 pounds of copper, 772 pounds of silver, 75 pounds of gold and 33 pounds of palladium can be recovered. Meanwhile, environmental advocates say the most important step to deal with the mounting e-waste problem is simply to try to use your electronics for as long as possible
21．What might come along with companies launching new e-products?
A．More electronic waste.
B．Few optional tech gadgets.
C．Limited lifespan of the devices.
D．Important things for consumers.
22．Why are children greatly influenced by e-waste according to the WHO?
A．Developed countries can’t recycle e-waste safely.
B．E-waste mountains are places for children to play.
C．Many valuable elements can be found on e-waste mountains.
D．Children are hired in the informal e-waste processing industry.
23．What does the underlined word “staggering” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Interesting. B．Surprising. C．Annoying. D．Challenging.
24．Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?
A．What is the source of e-waste? B．E-waste—a serious problem?
C．E-waste—a processing industry? D．What to do with your e-waste?

（2022春·江蘇南京·高一統(tǒng)考期末）In December 1994, a weight-loss movement was started, stating that obesity(肥胖) had become America’s second-largest cause of death, “resulting in about 300, 000 lives lost each year.” This marked the beginning of a long and influential life for the number. Experts began using the number to stress the seriousness of the problem. After ten years, the number had ballooned to nearly 400, 000 deaths caused by high weight, and it was expected to soon reach half a million. But these seemingly shocking numbers were then overturned(推翻) The number killer was Katherine Flegal.
Hoping to better understand the relationship between body size and death rate, Flegal led a study that finally showed something many scientists—and certainly the public—did not expect:the annual(每年的) deaths related to obesity added up to just more than 100, 000. More interesting still, people considered “overweight” could live longer than those who had “normal” weight. The study was met with a firestorm of doubt. “People were saying that our article was rubbish,” Flegal says. “Our findings produced controversy(爭論) because someone wanted a controversy.”
“People are just more comfortable with a larger number—they prefer it to be larger,” Flegal says. And in nutrition science and medicine, that larger number is equal to the idea that thinner is better, skinnier is healthier. “You can report the same findings about obesity 100 times, and it can be called ‘unexpected’ every single time,” Flegal says. “At what point would you change your mind and say this might be the expected?”
“It’s human nature for people to find proof that supports their belief,” Caan, a breast cancer researcher says. “But we need to study where the data takes us.” Her own “unexpected findings” led to a discovery that could influence breast cancer patients:keeping muscle during treatment is far more important to survival than avoiding weight gain. “We can’t be stuck in what we thought was true,” Caan says, “because then we’re never going to move the field forward.”
25．In paragraph 1, the author lists numbers to ______.
A．call on people to lose weight B．draw experts’ attention to obesity
C．support the weight-loss movement D．introduce Flegal’s research background
26．What do we know about Flegal’s study?
A．It helped people to live a longer life.
B．It lacked proof so that it caused doubt.
C．Its aim was to decide on normal weight ranges.
D．Its findings were beyond people’s expectations.
27．What does “this” refer to in paragraph 3?
A．A point that changes our mind.
B．A study about nutrition science.
C．The large number of deaths caused by obesity.
D．The idea that thinner is better, skinnier is healthier
28．What can be inferred(推斷) from Caan’s unexpected findings?
A．Breast cancer is related to body size.
B．It is necessary to break limiting beliefs.
C．Losing weight matters to cancer patients.
D．It is right to believe what we choose to believe.

（2022春·江蘇宿遷·高一統(tǒng)考期末）Coral reefs(珊瑚礁)as underwater walls can help reduce the effects of hurricanes on coastal communities. This seems unbelievable. It is reported that scientists have discovered that coral reefs are even more effective than man-made sea walls under the water. However, coral reefs are especially easy to be influenced by climate change. Overfishing and pollution have also proved very dangerous to them. Since 1950, half of the world’s coral reefs have already been lost. To protect our communities and keep sea ecosystems alive, we need to protect coral reefs right away.
Let’s take a closer look at how coral reefs protect us from floods, and how scientists are restoring (修復) reefs.
The roles that coral reefs play as underwater walls have long been recorded by scientists. During a Category 3 hurricane in 2015 in Australia, the coral reefs effectively protected the eastern shoreline from flooding. In contrast, the western coasts without coral reefs suffered serious damage. The researchers observed that the shape of coral reefs can break the approaching waves. More recently, researchers at the University of Miami have reached the same conclusion. They used a special lab simulator to recreate ocean conditions during a Category 5 hurricane. They found that coral reefs could reduce the impact of waves by up to 95 percent!
Because of higher ocean acidity (酸 性) and temperature, coral reefs are disappearing and dying out. At the same time, climate change puts weakened coral reefs under more stress. The University of Miami researchers are testing to plant new coral reefs while others are actively looking for effective methods to reduce the acidity of sea water. The governments have also paid more attention to these actions and provided enough money for reef restoration. With these efforts, we may address climate threats to coral reefs and they can carry on protecting our communities.
29．What can we know about coral reefs?
A．They can reduce hurricanes.
B．They are faced with danger now.
C．They can’t effectively prevent floods.
D．They aren’t influenced by overfishing.
30．Which of the following is true according to paragraph 3?
A．A terrible hurricane attacked Australia in 2015.
B．Scientists paid little attention to coral reefs before.
C．Coral reefs could reduce the impact of waves to 95%.
D．The eastern coasts of Australia were damaged seriously.
31．What may happen to coral reefs in the future?
A．Coral reefs may disappear. B．Coral reefs will be ignored.
C．More coral reefs may appear D．Few coral reefs will be planted.
32．What’s the purpose of this passage?
A．To introduce the growth of coral reefs.
B．To explain the functions of coral reefs.
C．To encourage people to plant more coral reefs.
D．To stress the importance of protecting carol reefs.

（2022春·江蘇徐州·高一統(tǒng)考期末）It has become common knowledge that our oceans are filled with garbage. Broken objects, used plastic bottles and so on fill our beaches and cover the ocean floor, doing huge damage to ocean creatures. Many individuals and organizations are working to remove this garbage, and recent technological developments have given them a new tool to do so: the trash-eating robot.
Robots of various shapes have been designed to collect garbage that they find floating in the ocean. For example, the French company IADMEEYS has developed what it calls the jellyfishbot. This small robot gathers up everything it meets, including liquid hydrocarbons (碳氫化合物) such as gasoline and oil. The jellyfishbot is remotely controlled and can clean up to 1,000 square meters per hour. The jellyfishbots’ small size and ability to be easily controlled make them ideal for cleaning up crowded areas such as ports.
For larger, more open areas, a much larger robot called the Interceptor has a similar function. Designed for use on rivers, the Interceptor looks like a boat with a conveyor belt (傳送帶) that picks up trash. Once a sensor indicates that the rubbish bins are full, the Interceptor automatically sends a text message to onshore operators. These operators collect and empty the rubbish bins, sending the garbage to local waste management facilities.
The Interceptor’s name comes from the verb intercept because its purpose is to prevent trash from getting to the ocean. Most of the garbage in the oceans comes down rivers. Cleaning up trash that litters the ocean is good, but to keep the oceans clean, new garbage must be stopped from getting there. Therefore the Interceptor is used to stop pollution before it enters the ocean.
The Interceptor is completely solar-powered and operates on its own, which minimizes the need for human involvement.
Robots are able to clean up large amounts of garbage without humans struggling through beach cleanup by hand. Hopefully, they can be a big part of the solution to ocean pollution.
33．What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?
A．To introduce the background.
B．To set the readers reflecting.
C．To state the writer ‘s intention.
D．To give supporting details.
34．What do the jellyfishbot and the Interceptor have in common?
A．They need no human operation.
B．They can clean up crowded ports.
C．They are both solar-powered.
D．They are controlled in the distance.
35．Which of the following has the same meaning as “intercept” in paragraph 4?
A．Stop. B．Check. C．Sort. D．Collect.
36．What is an advantage of trash-eating robots?
A．They collect all the garbage.
B．They save much human labor.
C．They get rid of water pollution.
D．They empty the rubbish bins.

（2022春·江蘇徐州·高一統(tǒng)考期末）There are many reasons to be excited for colder temperatures as we head into autumn: sweater weather, colorful leaves, drinking coffee without breaking a sweat.
And while we’ve got a personal preference for cold, there are also many scientific reasons that cold is better than hot. And it’s not just about whether you prefer the winter or summer Olympics—it’s about what effects cold temps have on your body. Dive below for the details.
Professor Patrick Baylis recently completed a heat study where he found that a high of 90degrees Fahrenheit(華氏溫度計的)makes an average person’s happiness drop in the same way it does between a Sunday and Monday. For many of those who work Monday to Friday, you don’t need research to tell you the Sunday Scaries are real.
Sleep is extremely important for our physical and mental health, and the most suitable temperature is part of getting a good night’s sleep. Dr. Christopher Winter, a neurologist and sleep specialist, states that between 60 and 67 degrees Fahrenheit is the ideal temperature when you’re catching zzz’s. In addition, Dr. Winter recounts that studies have also found that cooler body temperatures lead to more deep sleep. Those who sleep in cooler temperatures also sleep longer and feel more awake the next morning.
When your body shivers, it has to work harder to maintain your body temperature. According to Nancy Clark, shivering can burn 400 calories per hour. When it’s that cold, you expend more energy than in warm weather, though how much depends on factors like the exact temperature and your clothing. Some studies have also found that physical performance drops in hotter temperatures. For example in one study, marathon runners slowed as temperatures increased.
Many of us have a very definite preference between cold and hot, but some research has found that cold has more benefits. Autumn is on its way. Take action for cold temperature.
37．For what scientific reason is cold better than hot?
A．People can wear sweaters.
B．People can drink hot coffee.
C．Cold presents colorful views.
D．Cold has good effects on body.
38．According to Dr. Christopher Winter, what contributes to more deep sleep?
A．Too much work.
B．Hotter body temperature.
C．Less exercise.
D．Cooler body temperature.
39．How many effects do cold temperatures have on your body?
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
40．What is this passage mainly about?
A．Personal preferences for cold.
B．Differences between hot and cold.
C．Changes of physical performance.
D．Benefits of cold temperatures.


參考答案：
1．C????2．B????3．B????4．A
【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了海貍筑壩雖然有利于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的構建和發(fā)展，但同時影響了其他物種的遷移以及人們的生活。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“This is primarily because beavers need to use their dams to hide from predators (捕食者)like bears, wolves, and river otters. (這主要是因為海貍需要利用它們的水壩來躲避熊、狼和河獺等捕食者。)”可知，海貍筑壩的原因是為了利用它們躲避捕食者。故選C。
2．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“Beavers build dams up to 5 meters high, and the largest one, in Alberta, Canada, is 850 meters long. Most dams are built from pieces of wood, with stones at the base and a sealing layer of mud and plants on the upstream side. (海貍建造的水壩高達5米，最大的水壩位于加拿大阿爾伯塔省，有850米長。大多數(shù)水壩都是用木塊建造的，底部有石頭，上游有一層泥土和植物作為密封層。)”可知，本段主要介紹海貍建造的水壩的基本特征如壩高，壩長以及建造材料等等。故選B。
3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Beaver dams can promote the creation and development of stable wetland ecosystems (海貍水壩可以促進穩(wěn)定濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)建和發(fā)展。)”可知，本段主要論述的是海貍建造的水壩是有利于生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的創(chuàng)建和發(fā)展的即具有重要的生態(tài)意義。故選B。
4．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Thus, people should control the construction of beaver dams, especially in human-inhabited areas, near agricultural fields and pasture lands. (因此，人們應該控制海貍水壩的建設，特別是在人類居住的地區(qū)，靠近農(nóng)田和牧場。)”可知，海貍筑建的水壩影響了人類的生活，故需要控制海貍的水壩建設。故選A。
5．C????6．B????7．A????8．D

【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了孤獨是一種情感。我們可能在某些時候都經(jīng)歷過，但孤獨對我們每個人來說都是非常復雜和獨特的。要管理孤獨，你需要接受它。
5．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“I am a cognitive behavioral hypnotherapist . I started my practice from sleep disorders, and soon came to realize how strongly loneliness was linked with poor sleep.??I’ve focused on my skills and understanding of loneliness in order to know how I could best serve my patients.”（我是認知行為治療師。我從睡眠障礙開始行醫(yī)，很快就意識到孤獨與睡眠質(zhì)量差有多么密切的聯(lián)系。我一直專注于我的技能和對孤獨的理解，以便知道我如何才能最好地服務我的病人。）可知，作者關注孤獨是因為想為患者提供更好的服務。故選C項。
6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“To manage loneliness, you need to accept it. Loneliness is one of the most common feelings people have. Don’t brush it under the carpet, as that doesn’t help solve the problem. ”（要管理孤獨，你需要接受它。孤獨是人們最常見的感受之一。不要把它掩蓋起來，那樣無助于解決問題。）可知，從第4段可以推斷出隱藏孤獨被證明是不明智的。故選B項。
7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“If you want to invite them to do something with you, do it. If they say no, don’t be discouraged from asking again. They might need time before feeling ready to say yes.”（如果你想邀請他們和你一起做什么，就去做吧。如果他們說不，不要氣餒，不要再問了。他們可能需要一些時間才能同意。）可推知，如果你想幫助你孤獨的朋友湯姆，雖然他拒絕了，但你可以以后再邀請他。故選A項。
8．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Loneliness is an emotion. We probably all experience it at some point, but loneliness is very complicated and unique to each of us.”（孤獨是一種情感。我們可能在某些時候都經(jīng)歷過，但孤獨對我們每個人來說都是非常復雜和獨特的。）可知，根據(jù)文章，我們知道孤獨是一種復雜的情感，每個人都可能經(jīng)歷。故選D項。
9．D????10．B????11．C????12．C

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，盯著食物照片的人不太可能享受他們吃的下一餐并解釋了Instagram影響人們食欲的原因。
9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Afterward both groups enjoyed a snack of salted peanuts.(之后，兩組人都享用了咸花生點心。)”可知，研究者要求參與者吃一些咸花生。故選D。
10．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“The group that looked at pictures of salty foods liked the peanuts less than the group who looked at desserts, even though no one saw photos of peanuts.(看咸食物圖片的那組人比看甜點的那組人更不喜歡花生，盡管沒有人看到花生的照片。)”可知，他們覺得咸花生不那么美味。故選B。
11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“The researchers believe that food doesn’t taste as good after viewing all those photos because looking at many photos makes people feel as if they have already experienced the sensation (感覺) of eating. Whatever someone eats after looking at photos doesn’t seem as good as what she saw.(研究人員認為，看了這么多照片后，食物的味道就沒那么好了，因為看了這么多照片會讓人感覺好像已經(jīng)體驗過進食的感覺了。人們看完照片后吃的東西似乎沒有她看到的那么好。)”和文章第五段““In a way, you’re becoming tired of that taste without even eating the food,” said Elder. “It’s sensory boredom-you’ve kind of moved on. You don’t want that taste experience anymore.”(埃爾德說：“在某種程度上，你甚至不吃食物就會厭倦那種味道?！薄斑@是一種感官上的無聊——你已經(jīng)有所改變了。你再也不想要那種味覺體驗了?！?”可知，看了很多食物圖片后，你會覺得食物不好吃了，這是一種感官上的無聊。故選C。
12．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“It’s time to put down the phone and look away from Instagram (一款照片分享應用程序): Researchers found that people who look at pictures of food are less likely to enjoy the next meal they eat.(是時候放下手機，把目光從Instagram上移開了：研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，盯著食物照片的人不太可能享受他們吃的下一餐。)”可知，文章主要解釋了為什么Instagram影響人們食欲。故選C。
13．B????14．D????15．C????16．A

【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了一位有機農(nóng)場的農(nóng)民無意間發(fā)現(xiàn)了用海藻喂養(yǎng)奶牛會有很多益處，并由此可能給應對氣候變化提供一個重要的武器。
13．推理判斷題。文章在一二兩段講述了Dorgan和他所養(yǎng)的牛的故事，而根據(jù)文章第三段“He knew he was on to something big. But he had no idea that what he had noticed about his cows’ new diet was about to give the world a potentially significant weapon in the fight against climate change.(他知道自己要干大事了。但他不知道，他對奶牛新飲食的注意，將為世界提供一個潛在的重大武器，以應對氣候變化。)”可知，他的發(fā)現(xiàn)可能會給應對氣候變化提供一個武器，下文就開始介紹具體情況。所以Dorgan和他所養(yǎng)的牛的故事之所以在開頭被提及是為了引出本文主題。故選B。
14．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)本段首句“On average, one cow can give off the same amount of greenhouse (溫室) gas as one car.(平均來說，一頭牛釋放的溫室氣體相當于一輛汽車。)”可知，牛會排放溫室氣體。再根據(jù)劃線單詞前“About 15 percent of global greenhouse gases are made up of (全球大約15%的溫室氣體是由……組成)”以及后“from animals when digesting (消化) the food.(是由動物消化食物時產(chǎn)生)”可知，劃線單詞指的是一種對環(huán)境有害的化學物質(zhì)。故選D。
15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“With Dorgan’ s seaweed mix in hand, Kinley started measuring emissions from the cows.??What he discovered was an 18 percent reduction in methane emissions compared with non-seaweed-eating cows.(有了Dorgan的海藻混合物，Kinley開始測量奶牛的排放。他發(fā)現(xiàn)，與不吃海藻的奶牛相比，吃海藻的奶牛甲烷排放量減少了18%。)”可知，Rob Kinley的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)吃海藻的奶牛排放的甲烷量大為減少，所以對環(huán)境更為友好。故選C。
16．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“He knew he was on to something big. But he had no idea that what he had noticed about his cows’ new diet was about to give the world a potentially significant weapon in the fight against climate change.(他知道自己要干大事了。但他不知道，他對奶牛新飲食的注意，將為世界提供一個潛在的重大武器，以應對氣候變化。)”以及第四段“One of the scientists, Rob Kinley, was researching ways to reduce greenhouse gas emissions (排放) in animals by changing their diet. (其中一位科學家Rob Kinley正在研究通過改變動物飲食來減少溫室氣體排放的方法。)”及全文可知，文章主要介紹了一種可能用來對抗氣候變化的重大武器。所以“A Potentially Significant Weapon in the Fight against Climate Change(對抗氣候變化的潛在重要武器)”作為文章標題最為合適。故選A。
17．A????18．B????19．D????20．A

【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了經(jīng)過多年努力，中國的空間站已經(jīng)全面運行，作為國際空間站退役后唯一的空間站，它將繼續(xù)拓展人類對太空的認識。
17．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Over the past 19 years, from China’s first manned space mission Shenzhou V to the latest Shenzhou XV launch, the nation’s space projects have progressed from a single-astronaut mission to the long-term stay of several astronauts in space, and the length of time the astronauts stay in space has expanded from just 23 hours to six months.”（在過去的19年里，從中國首次載人航天任務神舟五號到最新的神舟十五號發(fā)射，中國的航天項目已經(jīng)從單一宇航員任務發(fā)展到多名宇航員長期在太空停留，宇航員在太空停留的時間從僅23小時擴大到6個月。）可知，從第二段我們可以知道神舟五號只能搭載一名宇航員進入太空。故選A項。
18．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Besides, requests have been received from several countries to send astronauts to take part in the space station experiments, and China is coordinating with them and actively preparing for the training of foreign astronauts.”（此外，已收到多個國家派遣宇航員參加空間站實驗的請求，中國正在協(xié)調(diào)并積極準備培訓外國宇航員。）可知，神舟十五號到達后，在不久的將來，外國宇航員可能會在天宮工作。故選B項。
19．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“The International Space Station has conducted over 3,000 experiments during its time in service, and the Chinese space station won’t waste a minute in this regard. As the only space station after the ISS is retired, it will continue to expand human’s understanding of space. That is worth looking forward to.”（國際空間站在其服役期間已經(jīng)進行了3000多項實驗，中國空間站在這方面不會浪費一分鐘。作為國際空間站退役后唯一的空間站，它將繼續(xù)拓展人類對太空的認識。這是值得期待的。）可推知，作者對天宮空間站的態(tài)度是積極肯定的。故選D項。
20．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第四段中“And with more scientific research equipment to be sent to the space station, it will be equal to having a world-class university laboratory in space.”（隨著更多的科研設備被送往空間站，它將相當于在太空中擁有一個世界一流的大學實驗室。）、倒數(shù)第二段“Besides, requests have been received from several countries to send astronauts to take part in the space station experiments, and China is coordinating with them and actively preparing for the training of foreign astronauts.”（此外，已收到多個國家派遣宇航員參加空間站實驗的請求，中國正在協(xié)調(diào)并積極準備培訓外國宇航員。）和最后一段中“As the only space station after the ISS is retired, it will continue to expand human’s understanding of space. That is worth looking forward to.”（作為國際空間站退役后唯一的空間站，它將繼續(xù)拓展人類對太空的認識。這是值得期待的。）可知，文章主要講的是經(jīng)過多年努力，中國的空間站已經(jīng)全面運行，作為國際空間站退役后唯一的空間站，它將繼續(xù)拓展人類對太空的認識。故文章最適合的標題是“天宮空間站向世界開放”。故選A項。
21．A????22．D????23．B????24．D

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。短文介紹了電子垃圾污染嚴重的問題以及處理電子垃圾的方法。
21．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“In the past several months, Apple, Google and Samsung have all launched their newest smartphones and other products. But in the process, this may also be adding to a growing problem: electronic waste.”（在過去的幾個月里，蘋果、谷歌和三星都推出了他們最新的智能手機和其他產(chǎn)品。但在這個過程中，這也可能加劇一個日益嚴重的問題:電子垃圾）可知，公司推出新的電子產(chǎn)品會產(chǎn)生電子垃圾。故選A項。
22．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“The WHO said the health of more than 18 million children are being affected negatively as they are employed in this informal e-waste processing industry.”（世界衛(wèi)生組織表示，超過1800萬兒童的健康受到了負面影響，因為他們受雇于這個非正規(guī)的電子垃圾處理行業(yè)）可知，根據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織的說法，兒童會受到電子垃圾的巨大影響是因為兒童被雇傭在非正規(guī)的電子垃圾處理行業(yè)。故選D項。
23．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后“For every 1 million cellphones that are recycled, 35, 000 pounds of copper, 772 pounds of silver, 75 pounds of gold and 33 pounds of palladium can be recovered.”（每回收100萬部手機，就能回收35000磅銅、772磅銀、75磅黃金和33磅鈀）可知，回收電子垃圾的影響可能是驚人的。所以劃線詞的意思是“令人驚訝的”。故選B項。
24．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“In the past several months, Apple, Google and Samsung have all launched their newest smartphones and other products. But in the process, this may also be adding to a growing problem: electronic waste.”（在過去的幾個月里，蘋果、谷歌和三星都推出了他們最新的智能手機和其他產(chǎn)品。但在這個過程中，這也可能加劇一個日益嚴重的問題:電子垃圾）；根據(jù)第三段“How to solve the problems of e-waste is much more than just cleaning out space in your junk drawers.”（如何解決電子垃圾的問題不僅僅是清理你的垃圾箱的空間。）；根據(jù)最后一段“Meanwhile, environmental advocates say the most important step to deal with the mounting e-waste problem is simply to try to use your electronics for as long as possible”（與此同時，環(huán)保人士表示，解決日益嚴重的電子垃圾問題最重要的一步就是盡量長時間地使用電子產(chǎn)品）可知，短文介紹了電子垃圾污染嚴重的問題以及處理電子垃圾的方法。所以短文的最佳標題為“如何處理你的電子垃圾”。故選D項。
25．D????26．D????27．C????28．B

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了凱瑟琳·弗萊格爾對肥胖問題的研究。
25．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ But these seemingly shocking numbers were then overturned(推翻) The number killer was Katherine Flegal.(但這些看似令人震驚的數(shù)字后來被推翻了，推翻這一數(shù)字的是凱瑟琳·弗萊戈。)”可知，在第一段中，作者列出數(shù)字是為了介紹凱瑟琳·弗萊戈的研究背景。故選D項。
26．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“More interesting still, people considered “overweight” could live longer than those who had “normal” weight. The study was met with a firestorm of doubt.(更有趣的是，被認為“超重”的人比體重“正常”的人活得更長。這項研究遭到了猛烈的質(zhì)疑。)”可知，關于弗萊戈的研究調(diào)查結果超出了人們的預期。故選D項。
27．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“the annual(每年的) deaths related to obesity added up to just more than 100, 000.(每年與肥胖相關的死亡人數(shù)加起來剛剛超過10萬人。)”和“You can report the same findings about obesity 100 times, and it can be called ‘unexpected’ every single time,” (關于肥胖，你可以報道100次同樣的發(fā)現(xiàn)，但每一次都可以被稱為“意外”)”可推知，第3段this指的是肥胖導致的大量死亡這一情況。故選C項。
28．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段““We can’t be stuck in what we thought was true,” Caan says, “because then we’re never going to move the field forward.”(我們不能拘泥于我們認為正確的東西，”Caan說，“因為那樣我們就永遠無法推動這個領域向前發(fā)展?！?”可推知，打破限制性信念是必要的。故選B項。
29．B????30．A????31．C????32．D

【導讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述珊瑚礁作為水下墻壁可以幫助減少颶風對沿海社區(qū)的影響。然而，世界上一半的珊瑚礁已經(jīng)消失。為了保護我們的社區(qū)，保持海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的活力，作者呼吁大家需要立即保護珊瑚礁。
29．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“However, coral reefs are especially easy to be influenced by climate change. Overfishing and pollution have also proved very dangerous to them. Since 1950, half of the world’s coral reefs have already been lost. (然而，珊瑚礁特別容易受到氣候變化的影響。過度捕撈和污染也被證明對它們非常危險。自1950年以來，世界上一半的珊瑚礁已經(jīng)消失。)”可知，目前珊瑚礁面臨滅絕的危險。故選B項。
30．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“During a Category 3 hurricane in 2015 in Australia, the coral reefs effectively protected the eastern shoreline from flooding.(2015年澳大利亞遭遇3級颶風時，珊瑚礁有效地保護了東部海岸線免受洪水侵襲。)”可知，2015年澳大利亞遭到颶風的嚴重破壞。故選A項。
31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“The University of Miami researchers are testing to plant new coral reefs while others are actively looking for effective methods to reduce the acidity of sea water. The governments have also paid more attention to these actions and provided enough money for reef restoration. With these efforts, we may address climate threats to coral reefs and they can carry on protecting our communities.(邁阿密大學的研究人員正在試驗種植新的珊瑚礁，而其他人則在積極尋找降低海水酸度的有效方法。政府也對這些行動給予了更多的關注，并為珊瑚礁的恢復提供了足夠的資金。通過這些努力，我們可以應對氣候?qū)ι汉鹘傅耐{，珊瑚礁也可以繼續(xù)保護我們的社區(qū)。)”可知，在各方努力下，未來珊瑚礁可以應對潛在威脅，有更多的珊瑚礁可以出現(xiàn)。故選C項。
32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“To protect our communities and keep sea ecosystems alive, we need to protect coral reefs right away.(為了保護我們的社區(qū)，保持海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的活力，我們需要立即保護珊瑚礁。)”可知，本文作者寫這篇文章強調(diào)了珊瑚礁對人類生活環(huán)境的重要性，呼吁人們保護珊瑚礁也是保護我們自己的家園。故選D項。
33．A????34．D????35．A????36．B

【導語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹的是處理海洋垃圾的機器人的相關情況。
33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“It has become common knowledge that our oceans are filled with garbage. Broken objects, used plastic bottles and so on fill our beaches and cover the ocean floor, doing huge damage to ocean creatures. Many individuals and organizations are working to remove this garbage, and recent technological developments have given them a new tool to do so: the trash-eating robot.(我們的海洋充滿了垃圾，這已成為常識。破碎的物體，用過的塑料瓶等等填滿了我們的海灘，覆蓋了海底，對海洋生物造成了巨大的損害。許多個人和組織都在努力清除這些垃圾，最近的技術發(fā)展為他們提供了一種新的工具:吃垃圾機器人。)”可知，第一段的目的是介紹背景。故選A。
34．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“The jellyfishbot is remotely controlled(這個水母機器人是遠程控制的)”和第三段的“Once a sensor indicates that the rubbish bins are full, the Interceptor automatically sends a text message to onshore operators.??These operators collect and empty the rubbish bins, sending the garbage to local waste management facilities.(一旦傳感器顯示垃圾桶已滿，攔截器就會自動向岸上操作人員發(fā)送信息。這些操作人員收集并清空垃圾桶，將垃圾送到當?shù)氐睦芾碓O施。)”可知，水母機器人和攔截器的共同點在于它們都是遠程控制的，故選D。
35．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第四段的“because its purpose is to prevent trash from getting to the ocean(因為它的目的是防止垃圾進入海洋)”可知，劃線詞所在的句子的意思是“攔截器的名字來源于動詞攔截，因為它的目的是防止垃圾進入海洋”，因此intercept的意思是“防止，阻止”，和stop意思相近，故選A。
36．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Robots are able to clean up large amounts of garbage without humans struggling through beach cleanup by hand.(機器人能夠清理大量垃圾，而不需要人工費力地清理海灘。)”可知，處理垃圾的機器人的優(yōu)點是它們節(jié)省了很多人力。故選B。
37．D????38．D????39．B????40．D

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了寒冷對身體有很好的影響并介紹了相關研究。
37．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“And while we’ve got a personal preference for cold, there are also many scientific reasons that cold is better than hot. And it’s not just about whether you prefer the winter or summer Olympics—it’s about what effects cold temps have on your body.(雖然我們個人偏愛冷，但也有許多科學原因表明冷比熱更好。這不僅關系到你是喜歡冬季奧運會還是夏季奧運會，還關系到寒冷的氣溫對你的身體有什么影響)”可知，冷比熱好的科學原理是寒冷對身體有很好的影響。故選D。
38．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“In addition, Dr. Winter recounts that studies have also found that cooler body temperatures lead to more deep sleep.(此外，溫特博士指出，研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，較低的體溫會導致更多的深度睡眠)”可知，冷卻身體溫度有助于深度睡眠。故選D。
39．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Professor Patrick Baylis recently completed a heat study where he found that a high of 90degrees Fahrenheit makes an average person’s happiness drop in the same way it does between a Sunday and Monday.(帕特里克?貝利斯教授最近完成了一項熱量研究，他發(fā)現(xiàn)，90華氏度的高溫會使普通人的幸福感下降，這與周日至周一的情況相同)”和第四段“Sleep is extremely important for our physical and mental health, and the most suitable temperature is part of getting a good night’s sleep.(睡眠對我們的身心健康極其重要，最合適的溫度是獲得良好睡眠的一部分)”以及第五段中“Some studies have also found that physical performance drops in hotter temperatures. For example in one study, marathon runners slowed as temperatures increased.(一些研究還發(fā)現(xiàn)，在更高的溫度下，身體性能會下降。例如，在一項研究中，馬拉松運動員的速度隨著溫度的升高而減慢)”可知，低溫對你的身體有三種影響。故選B。
40．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Many of us have a very definite preference between cold and hot, but some research has found that cold has more benefits.(我們中的許多人對冷和熱有著非常明確的偏好，但一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，冷有更多的好處)”結合文章主要說明了寒冷對身體有很好的影響并介紹了相關研究?？芍?，文章的主旨是寒冷氣溫的好處。故選D。

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