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必過01 五大基本句型和句子成分
知識(shí)過關(guān)
一.簡(jiǎn)單句
簡(jiǎn)單句就是由一個(gè)主語(或并列主語)和一個(gè)謂語(或并列謂語)構(gòu)成的句子。簡(jiǎn)單句有五種基本句式,其他各種句式都是由這五種基本句式演變而來。
基本句型一:S+V (主+謂)
釋義:此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn),即句子的謂語動(dòng)詞都能表達(dá)完整的意思。這類動(dòng)詞叫做不及物動(dòng)詞,后面可以跟副詞、介詞短語、狀語從句等。
S
V (不及物動(dòng)詞)
1.Time
flies.
2.The moon
rose.
3.She
sings beautifully.
4.They
talked for half an hour.
5.He
walked yesterday.
[特別注意]
主語可有修飾語——定語,謂語可有修飾語——狀語。
The red sun rises in the east.紅色的太陽從東方升起。
基本句型二:S+V+O (主+謂+賓)
釋義:此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn),謂語動(dòng)詞都具有實(shí)義,都是主語產(chǎn)生的動(dòng)作,但不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須跟有一個(gè)賓語,即動(dòng)作的承受者,才能使意思完整。
S
V (及物動(dòng)詞)
O (賓語)
1.Who
knows
the answer?
2.She
laughs at
her.
3.They
ate
some apples.
4.Danny
likes
swimming.
5.I
want
to have a cup of tea.
基本句型三:S+V+I(xiàn)O+DO (主+謂+間賓+直賓)
釋義:此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn),謂語動(dòng)詞必須跟有兩個(gè)賓語才能表達(dá)完整的意思。這兩個(gè)賓語一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的直接承受者,另一個(gè)是動(dòng)作的間接承受者。
S
V (及物)
IO (多指人)
DO (多指物)
1.She
passed
him
a new dress.
2.She
cooked
her husband
a delicious meal.
3.I
showed
him
my pictures.
4.I
told
him
how to run the machine.
5.He
showed
me
the bus over there.
基本句型四:S+V+O+C (主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))
釋義:此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn),動(dòng)詞雖然是及物動(dòng)詞,但是只跟一個(gè)賓語還不能表達(dá)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)充成分來補(bǔ)足賓語,才能使意思完整。
S
V (及物)
O (賓語)
C (賓補(bǔ))
1.We
keep
the table
clean.
2.What
makes
him
sad?
3.We
saw
him
out.
4.He
asked
me
to come back soon.
5.I
saw
them
getting on the bus.
基本句型五:S+V+P (主+系+表)
釋義:此句型的句子有一個(gè)共同特點(diǎn),句子謂語動(dòng)詞都不能表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意思,必須加上一個(gè)表明主語身份或狀態(tài)的表語構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語,才能表達(dá)完整的意思。
S
Linking-V (系動(dòng)詞)
P (表語)
1.This
is
an English dictionary.
2.The dinner
smells
good.
3.He
fell
happy.
4.The book
is
interesting.
5.The weather
became
warmer.
[知識(shí)拓展] 6類系動(dòng)詞
(1)狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞,用來表示主語狀態(tài),只有be (am, is, are, was, were)一詞。
(2)持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞,用來表示主語繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度,主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。
(3)表象系動(dòng)詞,用來表示“看起來像”這一概念,主要有seem, appear, look。
(4)感官系動(dòng)詞,主要有feel, smell, sound, taste。
(5)變化系動(dòng)詞,表示主語變成什么樣,主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come。
(6)終止系動(dòng)詞,表示主語已終止動(dòng)作,主要有prove, turn out。
二.并列句
并列句由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上并列而又獨(dú)立的簡(jiǎn)單句構(gòu)成。在并列句中,這些簡(jiǎn)單句常由并列連詞(短語)連在一起。
并列連詞
用法
例句
and, not only ... but (also) ..., both ... and ... 等
表并列、順承或遞進(jìn)關(guān)系
There the air is clean and the mountains are green.
那里空氣清新,千山一碧。
but, yet,
whereas等
表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系
The failure was a big blow to him, but he wasn't discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.這次失敗對(duì)他是個(gè)很大的打擊,但他并沒有沮喪,很快便像以前一樣充滿熱情。
or, either ... or ..., not ... but ...等
表選擇關(guān)系
Either you must improve your work or I shall dismiss you.要么你改進(jìn)工作,要么我就辭退你。
for, so
表因果關(guān)系。for連接的分句一般不能放在句首
The leaves of the trees are falling, for it's already autumn.樹葉在墜落,因?yàn)榍锾煲呀?jīng)到了。
and, or
表?xiàng)l件或結(jié)果關(guān)系,常用于句型“祈使句+and/or+陳述句”中
You have to move out of the way or the truck cannot get past you.
你得讓出路來,否則卡車無法從你身旁通過。
while
作為并列連詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)兩種情況的對(duì)比
I drink black coffee while he prefers it with milk.
我愛喝黑咖啡,而他更喜歡喝加牛奶的。
[特別注意] when可用作并列連詞,相當(dāng)于and at this/that time,意為“正在這/那時(shí);突然”,常用于下列句式:sb. be about to do/going to do/on the point of doing sth. when ... (某人正要做某事,突然……);sb. be doing sth. when ... (某人正在做某事,突然……);sb. had just done sth. when ... (某人剛做完某事,突然……)。
He was about to go out when the telephone rang.
他正要出去時(shí),電話鈴響了。
He had just finished writing a report when the boss let him type a letter.他剛寫完一篇報(bào)告,老板就讓他打印一封信件。
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1.Shenzhen Experimental School, one of the most renowned schools in Shenzhen, lies at the foot of Guanlong Mountain.
What sentence element does the underlined part serve as?
A.a(chǎn)dverbial (狀語) B.complement (補(bǔ)語)
C.a(chǎn)ttributive (定語) D.a(chǎn)ppositive (同位語)
2.Please leave the lights on when you walk out of the room.
What sentence element does the underlined part serve as?
A.a(chǎn)dverbial (狀語) B.complement (補(bǔ)語)
C.a(chǎn)ttributive (定語) D.a(chǎn)ppositive (同位語)
3.I enjoyed the evening when we stayed together by the sea.
What sentence element (句子成分) does the underlined part serve as?
A.a(chǎn)dverbial (狀語) B.complement (補(bǔ)語)
C.a(chǎn)ttributive (定語) D.a(chǎn)ppositive (同位語)
4.Please analyze the structure of the sentence; “He started an IT company after graduation.”
A.SVOC B.SVA C.SVOA D.SPA
5.She didn’t fancy the idea of going home in the dark.
A.花哨的 B.自認(rèn)為是 C.想要 D.精致的
6.The four countries that belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas.主句中的主語是:________。
A.the four countries B.the United Kingdom C.Some areas D.belong to
7.Born in the USA, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada. 句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞是________。
A.Born B.began C.Whitacre D.studying
8.Robin, a rocket scientist, agrees and thinks starting with Mars makes the most sense.句子中非謂語動(dòng)詞是:
A.a(chǎn)grees B.thinks C.starting D.makes
9.The singer fell in love with Mozart’s music when he sang for the college choir.從句中主語是:
A.The singer B.Mozart’s music C.he D.the college choir
10.Riding on the only steam engine still working in the southeastern United States is a special treat when you pay a visit to the country. 主句主語的主干部分是?
A.the only steam engine B.southeastern United States
C.Riding on the only steam engine D.working in the southeastern United States
11.After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering college in 1896. 句子謂語是?
A.studying B.managed C.pass D.entering
12.Whether she will keep it a secret is unknown to all of us. 句子的主語是:
A.a(chǎn) secret B.Whether she will keep it a secret
C.a(chǎn)ll of us D.it
13.In fact, an art movement called the “Mission School” started here. 句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞是________。
A.fact B.movement C.called D.started
14.My hotel is near downtown, in the Mission District, one of the oldest parts of the city.句中的主語是: ________。
A.My hotel B.downtown C.Mission District D.the city
15.As far as I know, Han Gan’s talent and years of hard work ______ his success.
A.a(chǎn)re due to B.contribute to C.a(chǎn)re used to D.a(chǎn)pologize to
16.He said he would start very early in the morning ________ miss the train to Beijing.
A.not so as to B.so not as to C.so as to not D.so as not to
17.The spacecraft, Shenzhou 12 was planned to stay in space for a much longer time, serving for the next decade (十年). 句子中的謂語是?
A.stay B.serving C.was planned D.was
18.Zhang Lei knows the destination quite well. 劃線部分是什么短語?在句子中做什么成分?
A.AdjP, 定語 B.AdjP, 狀語 C.AdvP, 狀語 D.AdvP, 定語
19.The soldier’s bag is full of medals. 劃線部分是什么短語?
A.NP B.AdjP C.AdvP D.VP
20.The sentence structure of the sentence "You will find English easy to learn."is ________.
(S: subject??????????????V: verb??????????O: object??????????C: complement)
A.S+V+O B.S+V+O1+O2 C.S+V+O+C D.S+V
21.The sentence"We can fly a kite in the park."shares the same structure with________.
A.She saw a white-haired man B.He gave me a smile.
C.He was friendly D.He wrote a letter in the classroom
22.That dream comes true! 以上句子中comes的成分是:
A.主語 B.謂語 C.賓語 D.狀語
23.選出以下句子的結(jié)構(gòu)類型: He tells them a funny story.
A.SVO B.SVOC C.SV IO DO D.SV
24.The maths homework looks easy. 以上句子中The maths homework的成分是:
A.主語 B.謂語 C.賓語 D.狀語
25.The first week was a little confusing. 以上句子中黑體加粗的是 ________.
A.名詞短語 B.形容詞短語 C.介詞短語 D.副詞短語
26.She has been a student for ten years. 句子的謂語是 ________.
A.has been B.She C.a(chǎn) student D.for ten years
27.With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more people believe that environmental pollution has become a problem we have to face.該句中,主句是?
A.with the rapid development of science and technology
B.more and more people believe that...
C.environmental pollution has become a problem
D.we have to face
28.The girl he gave the flowers to is Rose. 從句的主語是?
A.The girl B.he C.the flowers D.Rose
29.There were not many things we could do when it was raining.主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是?
A.were B.could C.do D.was
30.We will make him our monitor. (分析句子結(jié)構(gòu))
A.S+V+O B.S+V+DO+IO C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+OC
31.My father bought me a new bike last week.(分析句子結(jié)構(gòu))
A.S+V B.S+V+C C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+P
32.The young man offered the old man his own seat. (????)
A.賓語 B.定語 C.賓語補(bǔ)足語 D.表語
33.—I must be off now.
—Why don't you stay here and________?
A.keep Emma company B.keep company in Emma
C.company Emma D.company with Emma
34.When entering the office, ____.
A.Roger was found sitting at a desk B.we found Roger seated at a desk
C.Roger was found sat at a desk D.it was we who found Roger seat at a desk
35.The sentence structure of “He lent me a book.” is ______
A.S+V+O B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+DO+OC D.S+V+P
36.Analyze the structure of the following sentence: “We should keep the classroom clean and tidy.”
A.SV (主+謂) B.SVO (主+謂+賓) C.SVIO DO (主+謂+間賓+直賓) D.SVOC (主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))
37.She never lies.中下劃線部分是什么成分?
A.O B.V C.A D.P
38.“Every morning, I hear the birds sing in the park.”中下劃線部分是什么成分?
A.P B.DO C.C D.IO
39.In the sentence “I can read well enough without glasses.”, the underlined part is a ________.
A.NP B.AdjP C.AdvP D.VP
40.Analyze the structure of the following sentence: “We should keep the classroom clean and tidy.”
A.SV B.SVO C.SV IO DO D.SVOC
41.In the sentence “The first week was a little confusing”, the underlined part is a________.
A.Noun Phrase (NP) B.Adjective Phrase (AdjP) C.Adverb Phrase (AdvP) D.Verb Phrase (VP)
42.Choose the correct structure of this sentence “He lent me a book.”
A.S+V+O B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+P D.S+V+DO+OC
43.The sentence structure of “He often makes me happy" is??________.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+IO+DO C.S+V+O+OC D.S+V+P
44.At the foot of the mountain ________ many lakes. Some are large enough to hold several towns.
A.lies B.lie C.lying D.lay
45.“The news makes me feel very happy.” The structure of this sentence is “________”.
A.S+V+O B.S+V+IO+DO
C.S+V+P D.S+V+O+C
46.He didn’t tell him the truth.該句子結(jié)構(gòu)為
A.SV B.SVO C.SV IO DO D.SVOC
47.He likes dancing very much.該句子結(jié)構(gòu)為
A.SV B.SVO C.SV IO DO D.SVOC
48.We should keep the classroom clean and tidy.該句子結(jié)構(gòu)為
A.SV B.SVO C.SV IO DO D.SVOC
49.We should remain modest and honest.該句子結(jié)構(gòu)為
A.SVP B.SVO C.SV IO DO D.SVOC
50.The shop____________until 7 o'clock.
A.stays open B.stays opened C.continues open D.continues opened
一、完成句子
1.沒有醫(yī)生能提出更好的解決方案。因此,病人不得不接受保守療法。
No doctors could come up with a better solution. ______ ______ ______, the patient had to receive conservative treatments.
2.雖然里夫認(rèn)為他只會(huì)在舞臺(tái)上表演,但他參加了選拔,并最終在一部《超人》電影中擔(dān)任主角。
Although he believed he would only ever act on stage, Reeve ________ ________ ________, and was eventually given the lead role in a Superman film.
3.這位著名作曲家時(shí)隔12年首次走上舞臺(tái)時(shí),觀眾們毫不猶豫地?zé)崃夜恼啤?br />
The audience ________ ________ ________ to applaud loudly as the famous composer walked out onto the stage for the first time in 12 years.
4.然而,在回來的路上,他們找時(shí)間找石頭。他們一路上帶著20公斤的石頭。??
However,________ ________ ________ back they found time to look for rocks. They carried twenty kilos of rocks all the way with them.
5.作為社會(huì)的一個(gè)重要部分,節(jié)日反映了人們的愿望,信仰,信念以及對(duì)生活的態(tài)度。
As an important part of society, festivals ________, and attitudes towards life.
6.I’m still ___________(處于震驚中) after hearing that bad news. (根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)
7.我們需要讓孩子們走出教學(xué)樓,給他們一個(gè)直接了解世界的機(jī)會(huì)。
We need to get kids out of the school buildings, give them a chance to learn about the world at ________ ________.
8.事實(shí)上,疾病和年齡使他變得面目全非。
As a matter of fact, illness and age changed him ______ ______.
9.做計(jì)劃的好處在于它詳細(xì)地規(guī)定了如何做我們想做的事情。
Planning is good as it decides __________ _________ how we do what we want to do.
10.這座紀(jì)念碑是為了紀(jì)念保衛(wèi)國家而死去的戰(zhàn)士。
The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died ________ ________ ________their country.
11.令我們欣慰的是,交易沒有出現(xiàn)任何問題。
________ ________ ________,the deal went through without any problems.
12.如果你提前讓我知道你是否會(huì)來,我會(huì)非常感激的。
I'd appreciate it if you could let me know ________ ________ whether or not you will come.
13.舉止恰當(dāng)會(huì)幫助你給你的老板和同事留下良好的印象。
Using proper manners will help you ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ your boss and your co - worker.
14.We should be________(為……負(fù)責(zé))our health. (根據(jù)漢語提示完成句子)
15.會(huì)談的主題提前一周宣布。
The subject of the talk is announced a week __________ __________.
16.請(qǐng)把這篇文章的大意歸納一下。
Will you please ________ ________ the main ideas of this article?
17.雖然面臨很多挑戰(zhàn),屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊(duì)成員堅(jiān)持以身試藥,以確保安全。
Although ________ lots of challenges, Tu Youyou and her team members ________ ________ ________ the medicine on themselves to make sure that it was safe.
18.Titanic sank to the bottom of the sea, killing the majority of people ________.
泰坦尼克號(hào)沉入了深海,船上大部分人都未能幸免。
19.這個(gè)公司毫不費(fèi)勁地?cái)[脫了它面向低消費(fèi)階層的形象。
Without effort, the company _______ its downmarket image.
20.她所說的激起了我的興趣。
What she said really________ my interest.
21.全世界人民都應(yīng)該意識(shí)到水資源短缺的真實(shí)情況。
People around the world should________ the real situation of water shortage.
22.看到人們生活在水深火熱中,他轉(zhuǎn)向了醫(yī)學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐
Seeing so many people suffering, he ______the study and practice of medicine.
23.這封信和房子的銷售有關(guān)。
The letter ________the sale of the house.
24.了解災(zāi)難發(fā)生時(shí)如何自救是非常重要的。
It is ________ great ________ to know how to save yourself when disaster happens.
25.每年泰山都會(huì)吸引來自世界各地的游客。
Every year Mount Tai attracts tourists from____.
參考答案:
1.D
【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:深圳實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校位于 Guanlong Mountain 腳下,是深圳最著名的學(xué)校之一。分析可知,劃線部分是對(duì)主語Shenzhen Experimental School的解釋,所以屬于同位語,故選D。
2.B
【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:你走出房間時(shí),請(qǐng)把燈開著。分析句子可知,這是一個(gè)祈使句,是“l(fā)eave+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu),leave是謂語動(dòng)詞,“the lights”是名詞作賓語,“on”是副詞,在句中作賓語補(bǔ)足語,表示賓語的狀態(tài),when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。故選B項(xiàng)。
3.C
【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:我很喜歡我們一起在海邊度過的那個(gè)夜晚。劃線部分是什么句子成分?根據(jù)句意及所給句子可知,when we stayed together by the sea是定語從句,修飾先行詞evening。故選C。
4.C
【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:畢業(yè)后他創(chuàng)辦了一家IT公司。分析可知,He是句子主語,started是句子謂語,an IT company是賓語,after graduation是時(shí)間狀語,因此句子是的結(jié)構(gòu)是“主謂賓狀”,即SVOA。故選C。
5.C
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:她不喜歡摸黑回家的想法。句中fancy作謂語,為動(dòng)詞詞性,表示“想要”。故選C。
6.A
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:這四個(gè)屬于英國的國家在某些領(lǐng)域合作。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子的主語為The four countries ,that belong to the United Kingdom 為定語從句,修飾名詞The four countries,work together為謂語動(dòng)詞,in some areas為地點(diǎn)狀語。故選A。
7.B
【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:出生在美國,惠特克內(nèi)華達(dá)大學(xué)開始學(xué)習(xí)音樂。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中Whitacre為主語,began為謂語動(dòng)詞,studying music 為賓語, at the University of Nevada.為地點(diǎn)狀語,Born in the USA為過去分詞作狀語。故選B。
8.C
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:火箭科學(xué)家羅賓表示同意,他認(rèn)為從火星開始是最有意義的。分析句子可知,并列謂語動(dòng)詞是agrees和thinks,makes是省略了that的賓語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞,starting是動(dòng)名詞做主語,故選C。
9.C
【詳解】考查句子成分分析。句意:這位歌手在大學(xué)唱詩班演唱時(shí)愛上了莫扎特的音樂。分析可知,本句是含有時(shí)間狀語從句的復(fù)合句。when為時(shí)間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞,he為從句的主語,sang為謂語,for the college choir為狀語。故選C。
10.C
【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:當(dāng)你造訪美國東南部時(shí),乘坐唯一仍在運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的蒸汽機(jī)是一種特殊的享受。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句中有兩個(gè)謂語,這是一個(gè)復(fù)合句,其中主句為“Riding on the only steam engine still working in the southeastern United States is a special treat.”,是一個(gè)主系表結(jié)構(gòu),根據(jù)系動(dòng)詞的位置可確定,主語為is前面的“Riding on the only steam engine still working in the southeastern United States ”,其中“Riding on the only steam engine”為主語的主干部分,而“still working in the southeastern United States ”為修飾成分,修飾前面的steam engine。故選C項(xiàng)。
11.B
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:在又學(xué)習(xí)了一年之后,他設(shè)法通過了考試,在1896年進(jìn)入大學(xué)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句為主謂賓狀結(jié)構(gòu)。 he 是主語,managed是謂語,to pass the exam是賓語;After studying for another year和entering college in 1896是狀語。故選B。
12.B
【詳解】考查主語從句。句意:她是否會(huì)保守這個(gè)秘密我們大家都不知道。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu),句子的主語是“Whether she will keep it a secret ”系動(dòng)詞為is,表語為unknown。故選B。
13.D
【詳解】考查謂語,句意:事實(shí)上,一場(chǎng)名為“教會(huì)學(xué)校”的藝術(shù)運(yùn)動(dòng)就是從這里開始的。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,called是非謂語動(dòng)詞,與movement是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以此處是過去分詞表被動(dòng)做后置定語,所以真正的動(dòng)詞是started。故選D項(xiàng)。
14.A
【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:我的酒店在市中心附近,在教會(huì)區(qū),是這個(gè)城市最古老的地區(qū)之一。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句主語是My hotel,downtown是表語。故選A項(xiàng)。
15.B
【詳解】考查固定(動(dòng)詞)短語詞義辨析。句意:據(jù)我所知,Han Gan的成功得益于他的才華和多年的努力。A. are due to是由于;B. contribute to貢獻(xiàn)給,促成,有助于;C. are used to習(xí)慣于;D. apologize to向……道歉。根據(jù)前文“talent and years of hard work”和后文“his success”可知,才華和努力有助于成功。故選B項(xiàng)。
16.D
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意:他說他明天一大早就動(dòng)身,以免錯(cuò)過去北京的火車。so as not to“以免......”是固定短語。故選D。
17.C
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:神舟12號(hào)宇宙飛船計(jì)劃在太空停留更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間,為未來十年服務(wù)。分析句子可知,句子是一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),主語是The spacecraft,Shenzhou 12是主語的同位語,was planned是謂語部分,in space for a much longer time是狀語,serving for the next decade是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語,動(dòng)詞不定式和現(xiàn)在分詞均屬于非謂語形式。故選C項(xiàng)。
18.C
【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:張磊很清楚目的地。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,劃線部分quite well是副詞短語(AdvP),在句中作狀語。故選C。
19.B
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:士兵的包里裝滿了獎(jiǎng)?wù)隆he soldier’s bag 為主語,is為系動(dòng)詞,all of medals為形容詞短語(AdjP)作表語。故選B。
20.C
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:你會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)英語很容易學(xué)。句子主語為you,謂語動(dòng)詞為will find,賓語為English,to learn作賓語補(bǔ)足語。所以本句為主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C。
21.D
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:我們可以在公園里放風(fēng)箏?!癢e can fly a kite in the park.”這句話的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是:主語+謂語+賓語+狀語。A選項(xiàng)“She saw a white-haired man”這句話的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是:主語+謂語+賓語;B選項(xiàng)“He gave me a smile.”這句話的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是:主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語;C選項(xiàng)“He was friendly”這句話的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是:主語+系動(dòng)詞+表語;D選項(xiàng)“He wrote a letter in the classroom”他在教室里寫了一封信,這句話的句子結(jié)構(gòu)也是:主語+謂語+賓語+狀語。故選D。
22.B
【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:夢(mèng)想成真了!此處主語為dream,come為謂語。故選B。
23.C
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:他給他們講了一個(gè)有趣的故事。句中He為主語, tells為謂語動(dòng)詞,them為間接賓語,a funny story為直接賓語,所以本句為主謂賓賓結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C。
24.A
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:數(shù)學(xué)作業(yè)看起來很簡(jiǎn)單。The maths homework 為主語,謂語動(dòng)詞為系動(dòng)詞looks,easy為表語,所以本句為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。故選A。
25.A
【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:第一周有點(diǎn)混亂。The first week為名詞短語,作主語;a little confusing為形容詞短語,作表語,故選A。
26.A
【詳解】考查句子成分分析。句意:她當(dāng)了十年的學(xué)生。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主語是she;句子時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),謂語是has been;賓語是a student;狀語是for ten days。故選A。
27.B
【詳解】考查賓語從句的判斷和句子成分。句意:隨著科學(xué)技術(shù)的迅速發(fā)展,越來越多的人認(rèn)為環(huán)境污染已經(jīng)成為我們必須面對(duì)的問題了。分析句子可知,“With the rapid development of science and technology”是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu),在句中作伴隨狀語;“more and more people”做主句中的主語,“believe ”為主句中的謂語,“environmental pollution has become a problem we have to face. ”這是that之后的賓語從句,賓語從句中包含了一個(gè)限制性定語從句,先行詞是problem,關(guān)系代詞that/ which做賓語,此處省略了;所以“more and more people believe that”就是主句部分。故選B項(xiàng)。
28.B
【詳解】考查定語從句和句子成分。句意:他送花給的那個(gè)女孩是羅斯。分析句子可知,從句為“he gave the flowers to”,由于關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞to的賓語,所以該句省略了關(guān)系代詞,綜上,從句的主語為人稱代詞he,是動(dòng)作的施加者。故選B項(xiàng)。
29.A
【詳解】考查主句的謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:下雨的時(shí)候,我們能做的不多。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主句是There be句型,There were not many things we could do,句中we could do作后置定語,修飾many things。故謂語動(dòng)詞是were。故選A項(xiàng)。
30.D
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:我們將讓他當(dāng)我們的班長(zhǎng)。分析句子可知,“We”在句中作主語(S),“will make”作謂語(V),“him”作賓語(O),“our monitor”作賓語補(bǔ)足語(OC),故句子為“S+V+O+OC”結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D項(xiàng)。
31.C
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:我爸爸上周給我買了一輛新自行車。此處主語為my father;bought為謂語;me為間接賓語;a new bike為直接賓語。屬于“主謂賓賓”結(jié)構(gòu)。故選C。
32.A
【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:那個(gè)年輕人把自己的座位讓給了老人。分析句子可知,“The young man”在句中作主語,“offered”作謂語,“the old man”作間接賓語,“his own seat”作直接賓語,故畫線部分在句中作賓語。故選A項(xiàng)。
33.A
【詳解】考查固定搭配。句意:—我得走了?!銥槭裁床涣粝聛砼惆??A.keep Emma company 陪伴艾瑪 ;B. keep company in Emma 形式不對(duì);C.company Emma 形式不對(duì);D. company with Emma 形式不對(duì)。company 為名詞“陪伴”,沒有動(dòng)詞形式,所以C和D項(xiàng)不正確。keep sb. company “陪伴某人”。故選A。
34.B
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:當(dāng)我們進(jìn)入辦公室時(shí),發(fā)現(xiàn)羅杰坐在一張桌子旁。分析句子和句意可知,本句為狀語從句的省略,主從句的主語都為we,還原后為:When we were entering the office,we found Roger seated at a desk。故選B項(xiàng)。
【點(diǎn)睛】
35.B
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:“他借給我一本書”的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是……He是主語,lent是謂語,me是間接賓語,a book是直接賓語,因此句子結(jié)構(gòu)是S+V+IO+DO。故選B。
36.D
【詳解】考查基本句型和句子成分。句意:分析以下句子的結(jié)構(gòu):“我們應(yīng)該保持教室干凈整潔。”分析句子可知,“We”作主語,“should keep”作謂語,“the classroom”作賓語,“clean and tidy”作賓語補(bǔ)足語,句子為“SVOC (主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))”結(jié)構(gòu)。故選D項(xiàng)。
37.B
【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:她從不撒謊。此處she為主語;lie作謂語,為不及物動(dòng)詞;never為副詞,作狀語,表示“從不”修飾動(dòng)詞lie。故選B。
38.C
【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:每天早上,我聽到鳥兒在公園里唱歌。此處主語為I,hear作謂語;the birds為賓語;sing作賓補(bǔ)。故選C。
39.C
【詳解】考查句子成分。句意:我不戴眼鏡也能看書。分析可知,劃線部分well enough是副詞短語,作狀語,意為“很好”,修飾動(dòng)詞read,副詞短語即AdvP,故選C。
40.D
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:我們應(yīng)該保持教室干凈整潔。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句的主語是we,謂語動(dòng)詞是should keep,賓語是the classroom,形容詞clean and tidy作賓語補(bǔ)足語。所以整個(gè)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)為主謂賓補(bǔ)。故選D。
41.B
【詳解】考查形容詞短語作表語。句意:在句子“第一周有點(diǎn)困惑”中,下劃線部分是一個(gè)形容詞短語。分析句子可知,“confusing”意為“令人困惑的”,形容詞詞性,“a little”用來修飾“confusing”,表示困惑的程度,故“a little confusing”為一個(gè)形容詞短語,在句中作表語。故選B項(xiàng)。
42.B
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:選擇這個(gè)句子“He lent me a book.”的正確結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子可知,是主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語,故選B。
43.C
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:“他經(jīng)常讓我開心”的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是“主謂賓賓補(bǔ)”。He是主語,often makes是謂語動(dòng)詞,me是賓語,happy是賓語補(bǔ)足語。故選C。
44.B
【詳解】考查謂語動(dòng)詞。句意:山腳下有許多湖泊。有些大到足以容納幾個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)。根據(jù)句意可知,此處描述客觀事實(shí),為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);空格所在句為全倒裝句型,主語many lakes為名詞復(fù)數(shù),主謂一致,謂語動(dòng)詞用原形。故選B項(xiàng)。
45.D
【詳解】考查句子成分。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,本句主語The news;謂語makes;賓語me;賓補(bǔ)feel very happy(此處使用省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)),S主語,V謂語,O賓語,P表語,IO間接賓語,DO直接賓語,C補(bǔ)語,故選擇D項(xiàng)。
46.C
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子成分可知,主語是He,謂語是didn’t tell,him是間接賓語,the truth是直接賓語,因此本句結(jié)構(gòu)是主語+謂語+間接賓語+直接賓語。故選C項(xiàng)。
47.B
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:他非常喜歡跳舞。此處主語為he;謂語動(dòng)詞為likes;名詞dancing作賓語;very much表示“非?!?,修飾動(dòng)詞,作狀語。故句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“主謂賓”,縮寫為SVO,故選B。
48.D
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:我們應(yīng)該保持教室干凈和整潔。A. SV主謂;B. SVO主謂賓;C. SV IO DO主謂雙賓語;D. SVOC主謂賓賓補(bǔ)。分析句子可知,we作句子主語,should keep作謂語,the classroom作賓語,形容詞clean and tidy作賓語補(bǔ)足語。故選D項(xiàng)。
49.A
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:我們應(yīng)該保持謙虛和誠實(shí)。分析句子可知,remain“保持”是系動(dòng)詞,modest and honest是形容詞作表語,故句子結(jié)構(gòu)為“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu),A項(xiàng)主系表;B項(xiàng)主謂賓;C項(xiàng)主謂間賓直賓;D項(xiàng)主謂賓補(bǔ)。故選A。
50.A
【詳解】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)、系動(dòng)詞和表語。句意:這家店開到七點(diǎn)鐘。此處為“主系表”結(jié)構(gòu),stay為系動(dòng)詞,后跟形容詞open作表語;continue to do sth.表示“繼續(xù)做某事”。故選A。
參考答案:
1.???? As???? a???? consequence
【詳解】考查介詞短語。根據(jù)句意和漢語提示,設(shè)空處缺“因此”,表達(dá)為as a consequence,作狀語。設(shè)空處在句首,單詞首字母要大寫。故填:①As;②a;③consequence。
2.???? tried???? out???? for
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語和時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意和漢語提示,設(shè)空處缺謂語動(dòng)詞“參加了選拔”,表達(dá)為動(dòng)詞短語try out for,陳述過去的動(dòng)作,謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。故填:① tried;② out;③ for。
3.???? did???? not???? hesitate
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。根據(jù)句意和漢語提示,設(shè)空處缺動(dòng)詞“毫不猶豫”,表達(dá)為not hesitate (to do sth),此處hesitate及物動(dòng)詞,作謂語。陳述過去的動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)態(tài),謂語動(dòng)詞為行為動(dòng)詞時(shí),用助動(dòng)詞did not,表否定。故填:① did;② not;③ hesitate。
4.???? on???? their???? way
【詳解】考查介詞短語。根據(jù)漢語提示和句意,設(shè)空處缺“在回來的路上”,可用介詞短語on one’s way (back),作狀語,根據(jù)邏輯主語they,設(shè)空處應(yīng)填on their way。故填:①on;②their;③way。
5.reflect people’s wishes, beliefs, faiths
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞和名詞。根據(jù)句意可知,設(shè)空處缺少“反映了人們的愿望,信仰,信念”,reflect表示“反映”,在句中作謂語,由句意可知本句陳述一般事實(shí),用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語festivals為復(fù)數(shù),所以reflect用原形,“人們的”表述為“people’s”,“愿望,信仰,信念”分別用“wishes, beliefs, faiths”表示。故填reflect people’s wishes, beliefs, faiths。
6.in shock
【詳解】考查介詞短語。句意:在聽到那條壞消息后,我仍然處于震驚中。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和漢語意思提示可知,這里考查“處于震驚中”對(duì)應(yīng)的介詞短語in shock,在句子中做表語,描述主語I當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。故填in shock。
7.???? first???? hand
【詳解】考查短語。at first hand直接。根據(jù)句意,故填first hand。
8.???? inside???? out
【詳解】考查短語。分析句子可知,設(shè)空處缺少狀語,結(jié)合漢語句意可知,短語inside out“徹底地;完全地” 符合句意。故填①inside②out。
9.???? in???? detail
【詳解】考查介詞短語。由句意可知,空白處要表達(dá)“詳細(xì)地”,屬于狀語部分,可用介詞短語in detail,意為“詳細(xì)地,全面地”。故填in detail。
10.???? in???? defence/defense???? of
【詳解】考查介詞短語。對(duì)比中英文句意可知,空處需表示“保衛(wèi)……”之意;in defence/defense of…保衛(wèi)……,介詞短語作狀語,符合題意。故填①in ②defence/defense ③of。
11.???? To???? our???? relief
【詳解】考查固定短語。對(duì)比中英文句意可知,空處需表示“令我們欣慰的是”之意,to sb’s relief令某人欣慰的是,介詞短語作狀語,符合題意;our我們的,形容詞性物主代詞修飾relief,句首單詞首字母需大寫。故填①To;②our;③relief。
12.???? in???? advance
【詳解】考查介詞短語。表示“提前”,介詞短語in advance符合題意。故填①in;②advance。
13.???? leave##make##create ???? a???? good???? impression???? on
【詳解】考查固定短語,非謂語動(dòng)詞。表示“給...留下良好的印象”應(yīng)使用leave/make/create a good impression on ...,該動(dòng)詞短語在句子中作help的賓語的補(bǔ)足語,help sb. do sth.應(yīng)使用動(dòng)詞原形。故填①leave或make或create;②a;③good;④impression;⑤on 。
14.responsible for
【詳解】考查固定短語。句意:我們應(yīng)該為我們的健康負(fù)責(zé)。根據(jù)句意及漢語提示可知,為……負(fù)責(zé)的短語為“be responsible for”。故填responsible for。
15.???? in???? advance
【詳解】考查介詞短語。對(duì)比中英文句意可知,空處需表示“提前”之意,in advance提前,介詞短語作狀語,符合題意。故填①in ②advance。
16.???? sum???? up
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語。表示“歸納一下”可用動(dòng)詞短語sum up,根據(jù)前文Will you please可知,用動(dòng)詞原形和will一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。故空1填sum;空2填up。
17.???? facing???? insisted???? on???? testing
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語及非謂語動(dòng)詞。表示“面臨”可用動(dòng)詞face,分析可知,此處為非謂語動(dòng)詞,因和主語之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,且后面沒有介詞,應(yīng)用其現(xiàn)在分詞facing作狀語;表示“堅(jiān)持”可用動(dòng)詞短語insist on,分析可知,此處為謂語,根據(jù)句意可知,此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情,用一般過去時(shí);表示“試”用及物動(dòng)詞test,因在介詞on之后,應(yīng)用其動(dòng)名詞形式testing作介詞賓語。故填①facing;②insisted;③on;④testing。
18.on board
【詳解】考查固定短語。對(duì)比中英語句意可知,空處需表示“在船上”之意,on board在船上,固定短語作后置定語修飾名詞people,符合題意。故填on board。
19.broke away from
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語。分析句子可知,空格處為謂語,表示“擺脫”動(dòng)詞短語為break away from,后接名詞短語作賓語,根據(jù)句意,用一般過去時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。故填broke away from。
20.stirred up
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語。分析句子可知,空格處為主句謂語,表示“激起”可用動(dòng)詞短語stir up,根據(jù)從句時(shí)態(tài)(said)可知,主句用一般過去時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。故填stirred up。
21.be aware of
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語、固定搭配。分析句子可知,空格處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞原形和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語,表示“意識(shí)到”可用短語be aware of,后接名詞短語作賓語。故填be aware of。
22.turned to
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語。分析句子可知,空格處為謂語,表示“轉(zhuǎn)向”動(dòng)詞短語為turn to,根據(jù)句意,用一般過去時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式。故填turned to。
23.relates to
【詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語。表示“和……有關(guān)”可用動(dòng)詞短語relate to,根據(jù)句意,可用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),主語The letter為第三人稱單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。故填relates to。
24.???? of???? importance
【詳解】考查固定搭配。分析句子可知,空處為介詞短語作表語,表示“非常重要的”,用固定短語be of great importance。故填of;importance。
25.a(chǎn)ll over the world
【詳解】考查固定短語。表達(dá)“世界各地”為固定短語“all over the world”。故填all over the world。
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