（考試時(shí)間：120分鐘 試卷滿分：150分）
注意事項(xiàng)：
1．本試卷分第Ⅰ卷（選擇題）和第Ⅱ卷（非選擇題）兩部分。答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號填寫在答題卡上。
2．回答第Ⅰ卷時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號。寫在本試卷上無效。
3．回答第Ⅱ卷時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。
4．考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。
第一部分 聽力（共30分，略）
第二部分 閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）
第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。
A
（2022·湖南·長沙一中高一階段練習(xí)）Important Factors for 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games
Beijing has made history as the first city in the world to have hosted both the Summer and Winter Olympics. Let’s look back on some of the important factors that made the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games so impressive.
The Olympic torch(火炬)
In recognition of Beijing’s status(地位) as the world’s first city to host both the Summer and Winter games, the 2022 Olympic torch featured a similar design to the 2008 Olympic torch by the same color combination and artistic forms. What truly took viewers’ breath away was the moment when torch bearers passed the flame to another during the Olympic Torch Relay. The two Olympic torches locked into each other at the top, which represented fire and ice, symbolizing how it would bring light and warmth to the winter sports scene.
The Olympic mascots(吉祥物)
The Winter Olympic mascot “Bing Dwen Dwen”, a cartoon image of a panda wearing a spacesuit, looks like a winter sports athlete from the future. As a great combination of Chinese culture and the Olympic spirit, “Bing Dwen Dwen” has enjoyed wide popularity at home and abroad since its first appearance in 2019. “Hopefully Bing Dwen Dwen can become a classic and leave lasting memories in Olympic history,” said Cao Xue, head of the Beijing 2022 mascot design team.
Soon after the announcement of “Bing Dwen Dwen”, Beijing organizers also introduced “Shuey Rhon Rhon” as the mascot of the 2022 Beijing Paralympic(殘奧會(huì)) Winter Games.
The smart high-speed railway
As the countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics continued, the new high-speed railway line connecting the capital with Olympic host city Zhangjiakou began to enter service. By cutting the travel time between the two from three hours to 47 minutes, the bullet train can run up to 350 kilometers per hour without a driver, becoming the world’s first smart high-speed railway. So, what makes them “smart”? Well, equipped with 5G signals, intelligent lightning and sensors to collect real-time data and detect any operational problems, the trains can automatically start, stop and adjust to the different speed limits between stations.
1．In what way did the 2022 Olympic torch impress viewers?
A．Its showing up at the top.
B．Its flame-passing moment.
C．Its color combination and artistic forms.
D．Its design similar to that of the 2008 Olympic torch.
2．Why is “Bing Dwen Dwen” so popular?
A．Because it is an athlete wearing a spacesuit.
B．Because it symbolizes the national treasure of China.
C．Because it shows both Chinese culture and the Olympic spirit.
D．Because it has already played an important role in Olympic history.
3．Which statement is NOT correct about the new high-speed railway?
A．It came into service after the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics began.
B．It can greatly cut the travel time between Beijing and Zhangjiakou.
C．It becomes the world's first smart high-speed railway.
D．The new high-speed trains can automatically run.
B
（2022·湖南·長郡中學(xué)高一期中）The Olympic spirit is about a lot more than winning medals and setting records. Just look at the story of swimmer Eric Moussambani.
The Equatoguinean found his passion for swimming shortly after high school. Unfortunately, football is far and away the most popular sport in Moussambani’s home country. Living in such a football-crazed country, it was difficult for Moussambani to find a place to train consistently (持續(xù)地). Eventually, he found a 13-meter-sized hotel pool that he only had access to three hours a week. On days he could not use the pool, he trained in rivers.
After about eight months of swimming, he gained entry into the 2000 Summer Olympics through a program where the International Olympic Committee gave wild cards to developing nations to promote their sport further. In Sydney, Moussambani saw an Olympic-sized swimming pool for the first time, which was so big that Moussambani said he was “so scared” to compete in it.
The day of the 100m freestyle came. Moussambani made an energetic start in the first 50 meters, but in the final half of the race, he struggled to stay afloat (漂浮著), so much so that those on the sidelines considered jumping in and helping him out of the water. “It was then that I heard the crowd screaming and shouting, encouraging me to ‘Go, go, go.’ It gave me the strength to finish,” Moussambani said.
Moussambani finished the race with a time of 1：52.72, the slowest recorded time in Olympic history, but the fans did not care, cheering him as if he had broken the world record. “This is what the Olympics are all about,” a commentator said. “The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not winning, but taking part. The essential thing in life is not defeating others, but fighting well,” he said.
Moussambani serves as the national swim team coach for Equatorial Guinea now. Gone are the days when Equatoguinean swimmers needed to train in open water. They now have two Olympic-sized swimming pools. Moussambani hopes to grow the sport in his country.
4．Why did Moussambani fail to get proper swimming training?
A．Swimming was not taken seriously in his country.
B．Swimming in rivers appealed to him.
C．He was busy with his schoolwork.
D．He could not afford it.
5．How did Moussambani do in the race?
A．He was too scared to swim. B．He quit at the first sign of trouble.
C．He finished with great difficulty. D．He was pulled out of the water halfway.
6．What did the commentator think of Moussambani?
A．He showed the Olympic spirit. B．He was a talented swimmer.
C．He disappointed his fans. D．He could have fought better.
7．What does Moussambani wish to do now?
A．Build some Olympic-sized swimming pools. B．Promote swimming in his country.
C．Coach the national swim team. D．Win an Olympic medal.
C
（2022·安徽省濉溪中學(xué)高一期中）Exercise could not only benefit your body, but also improve your memory, researchers found recently. In their paper published on Monday, researchers from the University of California in the US and the University of Tsukuba in Japan introduced their experiment and conclusion.
Scientists invited 36 volunteers who were in their early 20s to do 10 minutes of light exercise before taking a memory test in which they were shown pictures like broccoli (西蘭花) or picnic baskets and asked to recall them later. The same experiment was repeated with the same group of volunteers without exercising. “The memory task was really quite challenging,” said Michael Yassa, co-author of the study and a neuroscientist (神經(jīng)科學(xué)家) at the University of California. “We used trickily similar items to see if they would remember whether it was this exact picnic basket or that picnic basket.”
Researchers also scanned some of the brains of the participants during the experiment. They found that the brains of those who exercised strengthened their ability to remember things. This suggested that just 10 minutes of light exercise like walking, yoga or Tai Chi might increase memory.
As all the volunteers in the experiment were relatively young, researchers are still working to look at the effects of light exercise on older people. “Our future goal is to try to develop an exercise prescription that can be used by older adults who might have disabilities or limited movements, but can still take very simple exercise and be able to, perhaps, put off the reduction of cognitive (認(rèn)知的) skills slowly,” said Yassa.
8．What is the function of Paragraph 1?
A．To correct a mistake. B．To introduce two universities.
C．To give practical advice. D．To present a research result.
9．Why was the memory task quite challenging according to Yassa?
A．The people in the experiment were disabled. B．The items to be chosen were extremely similar.
C．The time to solve the questions was too limited. D．The questions to be asked were too complicated.
10．What is the underlined word “prescription” probably similar to?
A．Ability. B．Benefit. C．Method. D．Detail.
11．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Exercise Can Improve Older People’s Cognitive Abilities
B．Ten Minutes of Exercise a Day Might Improve Memory
C．Exercise Is Beneficial to Both Young and Old
D．Advantages of Exercising Regularly
D
（2022·四川·成都實(shí)外高一階段練習(xí)）Are you preparing for a big test? If so, you may want to go play some basketball in between hitting the books. Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels (血管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. As she says, “while we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can really cause physical changes in the brain.”
The effects of exercise on brain development can even be seen in babies. Babies who do activities that require a lot of movement and physical activity show greater brain development than babies who are less physically active. With babies, even a little movement can show big results. Margaret Barnes, a doctor, also believes in the importance of exercise. She thinks that many learning disabilities that children have in elementary school or high school can be traced back to a lack of movement as babies. “Babies need movement that encourages and excites their five senses. They need to establish a connection between motion and memory. In this way, as they get older, children will begin to connect physical activity with higher learning,” says Margaret.
Older people can develop their brains as well. Columbia University studied a group of seniors who have a short-term memory of up to 40 percent after exercising just three hours a week. The exercise does not have to be very difficult, but it does have to increase the heart rate. Also, just like the motion for babies, exercise for older people should not be too simple. Learning some new skills or actions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time. For most people, any type of physical activity that increases the heart rate is helpful. The main goal is to increase the brain’s flow of blood. And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.
12．What is the main idea of this reading?
A．How to exercise.
B．How exercise helps the brain.
C．How to get good scores on a test.
D．How the brain can change.
13．According to the reading, what is the connection between exercise and brain development?
A．Exercise helps make our blood vessels.
B．The brain needs special mental exercise.
C．The more exercise, the bigger the brain is.
D．Physical exercise helps us think better.
14．The smallest amount of exercise required to gain any benefit is .
A．three hours per week B．40 hours per week
C．three hours per day D．40 hours per month
15．Why is yoga recommended for seniors?
A．It is easy to remember. B．It can be done in groups.
C．It does not increase the heart rate. D．It includes learning new motions.
第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
（2022·湖南·高一期中）Snowkiting, is a unique way of flying kites. You will glide (滑行) on the snow, fly the kite with you, and be pulled along the ground, uphill and even into the air.
____16____ Hang gliding and kite boarding are among them. They’re all extreme sports and you may be injured by a slight mistake and the unpredictable weather while doing these sports. ____17____
Almost all of the extreme sports can be categorized (歸類) into three main types; Air, Land and Water. These sports are often popular in young adults. And they’re all very risky.
One reason why people enjoy these sports are that they are not normally played. The athletes have to operate and show their skills in free-flowing natural environment. ____18____
____19____ The athletes are fully exposed to direct danger. They want to push their limits again and again, so they try to control the regular instincts (本能) in the highest pressure scenario (場景) while doing extreme sports. The athletes enjoy the process. When they succeed at last, they will achieve a large amount of satisfaction.
Many people think that all the satisfaction and joy you get from extreme sports is not worthy of the risk. ____20____
A．Many people are tired of boring life in modern times.
B．Actually, there’re lots of kite flying sports.
C．However, that doesn’t change the athletes’ love for the extreme sports.
D．Excitement is another factor in people’s interest for extreme sports.
E．So more and more people will love these extreme sports in the future.
F．Using the law of physics is really important.
G．So why do people like extreme sports?
第三部分 語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）
第一節(jié) （共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。
（2022·遼寧錦州·高一期中）When I was younger, I was very sporty. My dad is a runner who greatly ____21____ me. My great hobby between the ages 11 and 14 was cross-country ___22___. However, when my family ___23___, my new school didn’t pay attention to sports, and had no after-school activities like football or running.
Over the next few years, I ___24___ exercising except during P. E. lessons at school. I was ___25___ that I could eat what I wanted and didn’t put on any weight, so it looked like I was healthy, but in reality I was very ___26___.
When I started university, I decided that I would try and get fit, but by then I was worried about___27___ myself in front of other people. I considered ___28___ running again, yet my housemate tried to practice yoga, so my New Year’s ___29___ was delayed.
Finally, one of my friends____30____ a swimming pool close to my house that she had gone to a few times. Now, I love ____31____, and I find doing laps in the pool very relaxing. Experts say everyone should do 30 minutes of proper ____32____ every day, so I’m starting with an hour three times a week and ____33____ every day. I hope that I will soon start to feel the ____34____ of regular exercise. In the long term, I know it will be very good for me, and ____35____ all sorts of health problems that often occur in later life.
21．A．understood B．created C．discouraged D．influenced
22．A．skiing B．jogging C．running D．driving
23．A．collected B．moved C．saved D．travelled
24．A．tried B．stopped C．enjoyed D．risked
25．A．obvious B．rich C．lucky D．nervous
26．A．unusual B．unlucky C．unconscious D．unfit
27．A．helping B．introducing C．embarrassing D．teaching
28．A．taking in B．holding up C．taking up D．turning out
29．A．resolution B．present C．party D．welcome
30．A．saw B．ran C．met D．recommended
31．A．swimming B．running C．boating D．touring
32．A．place B．way C．exercise D．light
33．A．getting up B．building up C．putting up D．making up
34．A．a(chǎn)ctions B．hobbies C．glasses D．benefits
35．A．prevent B．suffer C．treat D．show
第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1. 5分, 滿分15分）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
（2022·河南·開封市基礎(chǔ)教育教研室高一期中）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容(1個(gè)單詞)或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Liu Genghong, a Taiwan-born singer, has surprisingly become____36____ online hit for livestreaming fitness routines from his home. Liu’s workout sessions have been so popular that they ____37____ (break) Douyin’s livestreaming record for 2022 so far. Within one month, Liu’s livestreams have been viewed nearly 100 million times, ____38____ his most popular session attracting over 44 million live views.
One of his most-watched fitness routines ____39____ (set) to “Herbalist Manual” (本草綱目) from Jay Chou’s Still Fantasy album. In his livestreams, Liu and his wife appear ____40____ (energy), friendly, happy and super fit. They exercise and dance to up-beat songs while explaining and showing their moves to the audience, often encouraging those ____41____ have no choice but to exercise in their own living rooms. ____42____ Liu’s dance moves look simple, they are often too intense for his fans ____43____ (follow).
Many netizens even joked that the 49-year-old was: facing a ____44____ (popular) contest with Li Jiaqi, China’s “l(fā)ivestreaming king” ____45____ (know) for his sales strategies. “Li Jiaqi empties our wallet, while Liu Genghong empties our body,” joked a netizen.
第四部分 寫作（共兩節(jié), 滿分40分）
第一節(jié)（滿分15分）
46．（2022·貴州·貴陽一中高一階段練習(xí)）假定你是李華，你所在學(xué)校的運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)因故取消，將延期舉行。請你寫封郵件告知你的外教Phillip，并邀請他參加，內(nèi)容包括：
1.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲的原因
2.運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)延期后的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)及參與者；
3.所涉及的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目。
注意：
1.詞數(shù)80左右；
2.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二節(jié)（滿分25分）
47．（2022·山東棗莊·高一期中）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。
The science teacher, Mr. Moose, decided that the school would have a paper airplane contest. Each student would design a paper airplane. And then they would take turns throwing their airplanes. The student whose airplane flew the farthest would win.
When Mr. Moose announced the paper airplane contest, all the students were very excited. Paul, who was on the wrestling team, said to other students: “I am the strongest. And I will be able to throw my airplane the farthest.”
However, another student, Brian, was thinking how he could win. He did not play any sports and was not very strong. But he loved airplanes and really wanted to win the contest.
Brian knew what he had to do. He went to the store and bought a big stack of paper. When he got home, he took the paper into the backyard. He took a piece of paper and folded an airplane. It didn't go very far, so Brian took another sheet and folded another airplane and threw it. This airplane went a little farther. Brian kept folding different kinds of airplanes and throwing them. Some went very far and some did not. Finally, when Brian had used all the paper, he walked up to the airplane that had flown the farthest and picked it up.
注意：
1.續(xù)寫的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
2.請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
On the contest day, all the students lined up on the playground.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The whole school cheered as Brian went up to get his prize!
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

參考答案：
1．B
2．C
3．A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
本文是說明文。文章主要介紹2022年北京冬奧會(huì)的3個(gè)重要因素：火炬，吉祥物和高鐵。
1．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“What truly took viewers’ breath away was the moment when torch bearers passed the flame to another during the Olympic Torch Relay.”(真正讓觀眾嘆為觀止的是火炬手在奧運(yùn)火炬接力中將火炬?zhèn)鬟f給另一位火炬手的那一刻。)可知，真正讓觀眾嘆為觀止的是，奧運(yùn)火炬接力中火炬手將火炬?zhèn)鬟f給另一個(gè)人的那一刻。故選B。
2．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“As a great combination of Chinese culture and the Olympic spirit, ‘Bing Dwen Dwen’ has enjoyed wide popularity at home and abroad since its first appearance in 2019.”(作為中國文化和奧林匹克精神的偉大結(jié)合，“冰墩墩”自2019年首次亮相以來，在國內(nèi)外廣受歡迎。)可知，冰墩墩受歡迎的原因是很好地融合了中國文化和奧運(yùn)精神。故選C。
3．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“As the countdown to the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics continued, the new high-speed railway line connecting the capital with Olympic host city Zhangjiakou began to enter service.”(隨著2022年北京冬奧會(huì)的倒計(jì)時(shí)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行，連接首都和奧運(yùn)會(huì)主辦城市張家口的新高速鐵路開始通車。)可知，其中countdown意為倒計(jì)時(shí)，在北京冬奧會(huì)進(jìn)入倒計(jì)時(shí)的時(shí)候，連接北京和張家口的新高速列車已經(jīng)開始投入使用。所以A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。故選A。
4．A
5．C
6．A
7．B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了奧運(yùn)會(huì)100米自由泳項(xiàng)目世界最慢記錄的創(chuàng)造者——埃里克·莫桑巴尼鼓舞人心的故事。
4．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Unfortunately, football is far and away the most popular sport in Moussambani’s home country. Living in such a football-crazed country, it was difficult for Moussambani to find a place to train consistently (持續(xù)地) (不幸的是，在莫桑巴尼的祖國，足球無疑是最受歡迎的運(yùn)動(dòng)。生活在這樣一個(gè)足球狂熱的國家，莫桑巴尼很難找到一個(gè)地方持續(xù)訓(xùn)練)”可知，在莫桑巴尼的祖國，崇尚足球運(yùn)動(dòng)，對游泳不夠重視，這導(dǎo)致他無法得到正規(guī)的訓(xùn)練。故選A項(xiàng)。
5．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“The day of the 100m freestyle came. Moussambani made an energetic start in the first 50 meters, but in the final half of the race, he struggled to stay afloat (漂浮著), so much so that those on the sidelines considered jumping in and helping him out of the water. ‘It was then that I heard the crowd screaming and shouting, encouraging me to ‘Go, go, go.’ It gave me the strength to finish,’ Moussambani said.(100米自由泳比賽的日子到來了。莫桑巴尼精力充沛地開始游了前50米，但在比賽的最后一半，他掙扎著浮在水面上，以至于那些旁觀者考慮跳進(jìn)水里幫他上岸?！驮谀菚r(shí)，我聽到了人群的尖叫和呼喊，鼓勵(lì)我‘加油，加油，加油’。這給了我完成任務(wù)的力量，’穆森巴尼說。)”可知，100米的賽程，莫桑巴尼游了一半就只能以“漂浮”的方式呆在水中，使人誤以為他需要急救了，盡管也完成了比賽，但過程艱難。故選C項(xiàng)。
6．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“‘This is what the Olympics are all about,’ a commentator said. ’The most important thing in the Olympic Games is not winning, but taking part. The essential thing in life is not defeating others, but fighting well,’ he said.(‘這就是奧運(yùn)會(huì)的意義所在，’一位評論員說。‘在奧林匹克運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)中最重要的事情不是取勝，而是參與。人生最重要的不是打敗別人，而是好好戰(zhàn)斗?！?”可知，莫桑巴尼在奧運(yùn)會(huì)中的表現(xiàn)正是“重在參與”的最好體現(xiàn)。由此可推知，在這位評論員看來，莫桑巴尼展現(xiàn)了奧運(yùn)精神。故選A項(xiàng)。
7．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Moussambani hopes to grow the sport in his country.(莫桑巴尼希望在他的國家發(fā)展這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng))”可知，莫桑巴尼現(xiàn)在希望能在自己的國家推廣游泳運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選B項(xiàng)。
8．D
9．B
10．C
11．B
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇說明文，文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果，每天十分鐘的運(yùn)動(dòng)可能會(huì)提高記憶力。
8．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Exercise could not only benefit your body, but also improve your memory, researchers found recently.(研究人員最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，鍛煉不僅有益于身體，還能改善記憶力)”可知，本段簡單闡述了近日的一項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果。故選D項(xiàng)。
9．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段Yassa的話“We used trickily similar items to see if they would remember whether it was this exact picnic basket or that picnic basket.(我們巧妙地使用類似的物品，看他們是否會(huì)記得是這個(gè)野餐籃還是那個(gè)野餐籃)”可知，志愿者要選擇的兩項(xiàng)物品之間極其相似，以至于記憶難度富有挑戰(zhàn)。故選B項(xiàng)。
10．
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句子可知該詞下文“that can be used by older adults who might have disabilities or limited movements(可以用于可能有殘疾或行動(dòng)受限的老年人)”是對劃線詞語的修飾和補(bǔ)充，故prescription意為“處方”，與method“方法”意思接近。故選C項(xiàng)。
11．
主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)文章首句“Exercise could not only benefit your body, but also improve your memory, researchers found recently.(研究人員最近發(fā)現(xiàn)，鍛煉不僅有益于身體，還能改善記憶力)”，以及第三段最后一句話“This suggested that just 10 minutes of light exercise like walking, yoga or Tai Chi might increase memory.(這表明，只需10分鐘的輕度運(yùn)動(dòng)，如散步、瑜伽或太極，就可以提高記憶力)”可知，本文的最合適的標(biāo)題為“每天鍛煉十分鐘可能會(huì)提高記憶力”。故選B項(xiàng)。
12．B
13．D
14．A
15．D
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了運(yùn)動(dòng)如何幫助大腦。
12．
主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“ Doctors are starting to find more and more information that suggests a connection between exercise and brain development. Judy Cameron, a scientist at Oregon Health and Science University, studies brain development. According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels (血管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better. (醫(yī)生們開始發(fā)現(xiàn)越來越多的信息表明運(yùn)動(dòng)和大腦發(fā)育之間存在聯(lián)系。俄勒岡健康與科學(xué)大學(xué)的科學(xué)家朱迪·卡梅隆研究大腦發(fā)育。根據(jù)她的研究，運(yùn)動(dòng)似乎可以使血管(包括大腦中的血管)更強(qiáng)壯、更充分地發(fā)育?？穫惒┦糠Q，這可以讓鍛煉的人更好地集中精力。)和“while we already know that exercise is good for the heart, exercise can really cause physical changes in the brain.(雖然我們已經(jīng)知道鍛煉對心臟有好處，但鍛煉確實(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致大腦的物理變化。)”可知，文章主要講述了運(yùn)動(dòng)如何幫助大腦。故選B。
13．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“According to her research, it seems that exercise can make blood vessels (血管), including those in the brain, stronger and more fully developed. Dr. Cameron claims this allows people who exercise to concentrate better(根據(jù)她的研究，運(yùn)動(dòng)似乎可以使血管(包括大腦中的血管)更強(qiáng)壯、更充分地發(fā)育?？穫惒┦糠Q，這可以讓鍛煉的人更好地集中精力。)”可知，體育鍛煉有助于我們更好地思考。故選D。
14．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“And your brain can benefit from as little as two to three hours of exercise a week.(你的大腦可以從每周兩到三個(gè)小時(shí)的鍛煉中受益。)”可知，要想獲得任何益處，每周最少的運(yùn)動(dòng)量是三小時(shí)。故選A。
15．
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Learning some new skills or actions, such as with yoga or tai-chi, helps to open up memory paths in the brain that may not have been used for a long time.( 學(xué)習(xí)一些新的技能或動(dòng)作，比如瑜伽或太極，有助于打開大腦中可能很久沒有使用過的記憶路徑。)”可知，瑜伽是推薦給老年人的，因?yàn)樗▽W(xué)習(xí)新的動(dòng)作。故選D。
16．B
17．G
18．F
19．D
20．C
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了極限運(yùn)動(dòng)受青睞的原因。
16．
下文“Hang gliding and kite boarding are among them.(其中包括滑翔和放風(fēng)箏)”說明其中還包括其他類型的運(yùn)動(dòng)，句中them指代B項(xiàng)中的lots of kite flying sports，B項(xiàng)“實(shí)際上，有很多放風(fēng)箏的運(yùn)動(dòng)?！币鱿挛?，符合題意。故選B。
17．
上文“They’re all extreme sports and you may be injured by a slight mistake and the unpredictable weather while doing these sports.(它們都是極限運(yùn)動(dòng)，在進(jìn)行這些運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，你可能會(huì)因一個(gè)小錯(cuò)誤和不可預(yù)測的天氣而受傷)”說明進(jìn)行極限運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，容易受傷，以及下文“Almost all of the extreme sports can be categorized into three main types; Air, Land and Water. These sports are often popular in young adults.(幾乎所有的極限運(yùn)動(dòng)都可以分為三種主要類型；空氣、土地和水。這些運(yùn)動(dòng)通常在年輕人中很受歡迎)”說明極限運(yùn)動(dòng)很受歡迎，G項(xiàng)“那么為什么人們喜歡極限運(yùn)動(dòng)呢？”承上啟下，符合題意。故選G。
18．
上文“The athletes have to operate and show their skills in free-flowing natural environment.(運(yùn)動(dòng)員必須在自由流動(dòng)的自然環(huán)境中操作和展示技能)”說明運(yùn)動(dòng)員需要了解物理相關(guān)知識(shí)，以操作和展示技能，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“運(yùn)用物理定律真的很重要?！背薪由衔模项}意。故選F。
19．
下文“The athletes enjoy the process. When they succeed at last, they will achieve a large amount of satisfaction.(運(yùn)動(dòng)員們享受這個(gè)過程。當(dāng)他們最終成功時(shí)，他們將獲得極大的滿足感)”說明運(yùn)動(dòng)員進(jìn)行極限運(yùn)動(dòng)時(shí)，享受過程，獲得成功時(shí)會(huì)有極大的滿足感，D項(xiàng)“興奮是人們對極限運(yùn)動(dòng)感興趣的另一個(gè)因素。”可以概括本段內(nèi)容，作為極限運(yùn)動(dòng)受歡迎的另一個(gè)原因，符合題意。故選D。
20．
上文“Many people think that all the satisfaction and joy you get from extreme sports is not worthy of the risk.(許多人認(rèn)為你從極限運(yùn)動(dòng)中獲得的所有滿足和快樂都不值得冒險(xiǎn))”說明許多人認(rèn)為極限運(yùn)動(dòng)有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，不值得冒險(xiǎn)，C項(xiàng)“然而，這并沒有改變運(yùn)動(dòng)員對極限運(yùn)動(dòng)的熱愛?！迸c上文形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，符合文段主旨。故選C。
21．D
22．C
23．B
24．B
25．C
26．D
27．C
28．C
29．A
30．D
31．A
32．C
33．B
34．D
35．A
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者小時(shí)候喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)，后來搬家后，新學(xué)校不重視運(yùn)動(dòng)，作者也就不怎么運(yùn)動(dòng)。后來，作者意識(shí)到了健康出了問題，又開始重新運(yùn)動(dòng)。
21．
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我爸爸是一位跑步愛好者，他對我的影響很大。A. understood理解；B. created創(chuàng)造；C. discouraged使沮喪；D. influenced影響。根據(jù)下文“My great hobby between the ages 11 and 14 was cross-country ___2___.”可知，作者也運(yùn)動(dòng)，所以爸爸對她有影響。故選D。
22．
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我11歲到14歲之間最大的愛好是跑步。A. skiing滑雪；B. jogging慢跑；C. running跑步；D. driving駕駛。根據(jù)第三段“I considered ___8___ running again，”中的again可知，作者11歲到14歲最愛的跑步。故選C。
23．
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但是當(dāng)我的家人搬家的時(shí)候，我的新學(xué)校并不重視體育，也沒有像足球和跑步這樣的課外活動(dòng)。A. collected收集；B. moved搬家；C. saved挽救；D. travelled旅游。根據(jù)下文“my new school didn’t pay attention to sports, and had no after-school activities like football or running.”中的“new school”可知，作者去了新學(xué)校，所以是搬了家。故選B。
24．
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：在接下來的幾年里，除了學(xué)校的體育課，我不再鍛煉。A. tried嘗試；B. stopped停止；C. enjoyed嫉妒；D. risked冒險(xiǎn)。根據(jù)下文的“except during P. E. lessons at school.”可知，除了體育課，作者不再鍛煉。故選B。
25．
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很幸運(yùn)，我可以吃我想要的，而不會(huì)增加任何體重，所以看起來我很健康，但實(shí)際上我很不健康。A. obvious明顯的；B. rich富裕的；C. lucky幸運(yùn)的；D. nervous緊張的。根據(jù)下文“that I could eat what I wanted and didn’t put on any weight”可知，作者覺得自己無需控制飲食而且不會(huì)增加體重，所以她認(rèn)為自己很幸運(yùn)。故選C。
26．
考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我很幸運(yùn)，我可以吃我想要的，而不會(huì)增加任何體重，所以看起來我很健康，但實(shí)際上我很不健康。A. unusual不同尋常；B. unlucky不幸的；C. unconscious無意識(shí)地；D. unfit不健康。根據(jù)上文“so it looked like I was healthy，”以及“but in reality”可知，作者看起來健康，但是實(shí)際上并非如此。故選D。
27．
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)我開始上大學(xué)時(shí)，我決定要努力健身，但那時(shí)我擔(dān)心在別人面前難堪。A. helping幫助；B. introducing介紹；C. embarrassing使……尷尬、難堪；D. teaching教授。根據(jù)上文“When I started university, I decided that I would try and get fit,”可知，作者想要健身，所以她是擔(dān)心自己在別人面前尷尬、難堪。故選C。
28．
考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：我曾考慮重新開始跑步，但我的室友嘗試練習(xí)瑜伽，所以我的新年決心被推遲了。A. taking in吸收、理解、欺騙；B. holding up支撐、舉起；C. taking up開始從事、占據(jù)；D. turning out證明是。根據(jù)第一段“When I was younger, I was very sporty. My dad is a runner who greatly ____1____ me.”可知，作者小時(shí)候喜歡跑步，所以這里指的是重新開始跑步。故選C。
29．
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我曾考慮重新開始跑步，但我的室友嘗試練習(xí)瑜伽，所以我的新年決心被推遲了。A. resolution決心；B. present禮物；C. party聚會(huì)；D. welcome歡迎。根據(jù)上文“When I started university, I decided that I would try and get fit”可知，健身是作者的決心。故選A。
30．
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，我的一個(gè)朋友推薦了一個(gè)她去過幾次的離我家很近的游泳池。A. saw看見；B. ran跑；C. met遇上；D. recommended推薦。根據(jù)下文“that she had gone to a few times.”可知，這位朋友去過幾次，所以是推薦給作者。故選D。
31．
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)在，我喜歡游泳，我覺得在游泳池里游幾圈非常放松。A. swimming游泳；B. running跑；C. boating劃船；D. touring旅游。根據(jù)下文“I find doing laps in the pool very relaxing.”可知，作者是在泳池里游泳，所以作者是喜歡游泳。故選A。
32．
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：專家說，每個(gè)人每天都應(yīng)該進(jìn)行30分鐘的適當(dāng)鍛煉，所以我從每周三次每次鍛煉一個(gè)小時(shí)開始，然后每天增加。A. place地方；B. way方式；C. exercise運(yùn)動(dòng)；D. light光線。根據(jù)上文“Now，I love ___11___, and I find doing laps in the pool very relaxing.”可知，作者這是在運(yùn)動(dòng)鍛煉。故選C。
33．
考查動(dòng)詞短語詞義辨析。句意：專家說，每個(gè)人每天都應(yīng)該進(jìn)行30分鐘的適當(dāng)鍛煉，所以我從每周三次每次鍛煉一個(gè)小時(shí)開始，然后每天增加。A. getting up起床；B. building up建立、增進(jìn)；C. putting up張貼、提供食宿；D. making up編造、組成、化妝。根據(jù)上文“so I’m starting with an hour three times a week”可知，作者從每周三次一次一小時(shí)起步；而下文“every day”可知，作者每天開始增加運(yùn)動(dòng)量。故選B。
34．
考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我希望我很快就能感受到定期鍛煉的好處。A. actions行動(dòng)；B. hobbies愛好；C. glasses杯子；D. benefits好處。根據(jù)下文“In the long term, I know it will be very good for me”可知，作者希望感受到鍛煉的好處。故選D。
35．
考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：從長遠(yuǎn)來看，我知道這對我很有好處，而且可以預(yù)防在以后生活中經(jīng)常發(fā)生的各種健康問題。A. prevent阻止；B. suffer遭受；C. treat對待；D. show展示。根據(jù)上文“In the long term，I know it will be very good for me”可知，運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)對身體有好處。而空后“all sorts of health problems”指的是問題。既然運(yùn)動(dòng)對身體有好處，那么運(yùn)動(dòng)應(yīng)該是預(yù)防問題。故選A。
36．a(chǎn)n
37．have broken
38．with
39．is set
40．energetic
41．who
42．Although##Though##While
43．to follow
44．popularity
45．known
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述劉耕宏直播健身操走紅的事。
36．
考查冠詞。句意：臺(tái)灣歌手劉耕宏因在家直播健身活動(dòng)而意外走紅網(wǎng)絡(luò)。hit是可數(shù)名詞，在句中表泛指，應(yīng)用不定冠詞限定，又因前有發(fā)音以元音音素開頭的online修飾，所以用不定冠詞an修飾。故填an。
37．
考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：劉的健身活動(dòng)非常受歡迎，到目前為止，迄今為止已經(jīng)打破了抖音2022年的直播記錄。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語so far可知，謂語動(dòng)詞break用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語Liu’s workout sessions復(fù)數(shù)，謂語復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填have broken。
38．
考查介詞。句意：在一個(gè)月內(nèi)，劉的直播流已經(jīng)被觀看了近一億次，其中他最受歡迎的環(huán)節(jié)吸引了超過4400萬的現(xiàn)場觀看。根據(jù)后文“his most popular session attracting over 44 million live views”可知，這是考查“with+名詞+非謂語”的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。故填with。
39．
考查動(dòng)詞語態(tài)。句意：最受關(guān)注的健身活動(dòng)之一是周杰倫專輯中的《本草綱目》?！皁ne of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”后接謂語的單數(shù)形式。fitness routines和set是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且句子描述的是一般的情況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填is set。
40．
考查形容詞。句意：在他的直播中，劉耕宏和他的妻子總是顯得精力充沛，友好和健康。appear是系動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)后文的形容詞friendly and healthy可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞energetic，作表語。故填energetic。
41．
考查定語從句。句意：他們在向觀眾解釋和展示自己的動(dòng)作時(shí)，隨著節(jié)奏加快的歌曲鍛煉和跳舞，經(jīng)常鼓勵(lì)那些除了在自己的客廳鍛煉之外別無選擇的人。此處引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，先行詞是代詞those，指人，在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞who引導(dǎo)。故填who。
42．
考查讓步狀語從句。句意：雖然劉耕宏的舞步看起來很簡單，但對一些觀眾來說，其實(shí)很難跟上。根據(jù)句意可知，此處引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，應(yīng)用although/though/while (雖然)，首字母大寫。故填A(yù)lthough/Though/While。
43．
考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：雖然劉耕宏的舞步看起來很簡單，但對一些觀眾來說，其實(shí)很難跟上。固定句型sth. + be + adj. + to do.意為“做什么是怎么樣的”，follow用動(dòng)詞不定式形式，主動(dòng)表被動(dòng)。故填to follow。
44．
考查名詞。句意：許多網(wǎng)友甚至開玩笑說，49歲的老將正面臨著與以銷售策略聞名的中國“直播大王”李佳琦進(jìn)行人氣競賽。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指“人氣競賽”，應(yīng)用名詞popularity，修飾名詞contest，作定語。故填popularity。
45．
考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意同上。固定短語be known for意為“因?yàn)椤劽?，該空是非謂語動(dòng)詞，用know的過去分詞known，作后置定語，修飾名詞Li Jiaqi。故填known。
46．Dear Phillip,
I’m so sorry to tell you that due to the bad weather, we have to postpone the original sports meeting.
The sports meeting will be postponed to next Tuesday in the school playground. The school leaders, teachers and all the students will participate in the meeting. There will be many sports that you will be very interested in, such as running, high jump, long jump and so on.
I sincerely invite you to join us in the sports meeting. Looking forward to your attending.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
本篇書面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文。要求考生給外教菲利普斯寫郵件，告知對方學(xué)校運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將延期舉行，并邀請他參加。
【詳解】
1.詞匯積累
由于：due to→because of
推遲：postpone→put off
參加：participate in→take part in
真誠地：sincerely→genuinely
2.句式拓展
簡單句變復(fù)合句
原句：The sports meeting will be postponed to next Tuesday in the school playground. The school leaders, teachers and all the students will participate in the meeting.
拓展句：The sports meeting, which the school leaders, teachers and all the students will participate in, will be postponed to next Tuesday in the school playground.
【點(diǎn)睛】
【高分句型1】I’m so sorry to tell you that due to the bad weather, we have to postpone the original sports meeting.（運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句）
【高分句型2】There will be many sports that you will be very interested in, such as running, high jump, long jump and so on.（運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)的限制性定語從句）
47．
第一段：
Finally, it was Brian's turn. Brian took the airplane that he had folded the day before. He walked up to the line and,with all his strength, he threw the plane. It went flying, farther and farther, until finally it landed 10 feet past Paul's plane! The whole school cheered. Brian won the contest. Mr Moose gave him a prize:a toy airplane.
第二段：
Brian won because he tried out many solutions to the problem of how to make an airplane fly very far. He did this by testing out many different designs and comparing the results. When he found the design that worked best and the paper airplane that flew the farthest, he was happy to use it.
【解析】
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇讀后續(xù)寫。本文以人物為線索展開，講述了科學(xué)老師穆斯先生決定學(xué)校將舉辦一場紙飛機(jī)比賽。每個(gè)學(xué)生都會(huì)設(shè)計(jì)一架紙飛機(jī)。然后他們會(huì)輪流扔飛機(jī)。飛機(jī)飛得最遠(yuǎn)的學(xué)生將獲勝。學(xué)生布萊恩熱愛飛機(jī)，真的想贏得比賽并通過自己不斷琢磨并改善飛機(jī)，使飛機(jī)越飛越遠(yuǎn)。
【詳解】
1.段落續(xù)寫：
①由第一段首句內(nèi)容“比賽當(dāng)天，所有的學(xué)生都在操場上排隊(duì)?！笨芍谝欢慰擅鑼懖既R恩展示自己的飛機(jī)并試飛獲得第一名。
②由第二段首句內(nèi)容“當(dāng)布萊恩上前領(lǐng)取獎(jiǎng)品時(shí)，全校都?xì)g呼起來！”可知，第二段可對布萊恩飛獲勝原因進(jìn)行分析。
2.續(xù)寫線索：盡全力參賽——取得第一——獲得獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)—— 全校歡呼——分析獲勝原因
3.詞匯激活
行為類
用盡全力：with all one’s strength /try one’s best/with all one’s might
擲出：throw/toss
.對比：compare/ contrast/ make a comparison
情緒類
①.歡呼：cheer/ hail/scared
②.高興：happy / glad/delighted
【點(diǎn)睛】
[高分句型1]. Brian took the airplane that he had folded the day before.???(運(yùn)用了that引導(dǎo)的定語從句)
[高分句型2]. It went flying, farther and farther, until finally it landed 10 feet past Paul's plane!???(運(yùn)用了until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句)
[高分句型3]. Brian won because he tried out many solutions to the problem of how to make an airplane fly very far. (運(yùn)用了because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句)


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高中英語人教版 (2019)必修 第一冊電子課本

Unit 3 Sports and fitness

版本： 人教版 (2019)

年級： 必修 第一冊

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