(名校最新真題)
（2022·遼寧·高一期末）China is one of the countries with the most serious natural disasters in the world. There are many kinds of disasters, with wide distribution, high frequency and heavy losses. In the background of global climate change, major natural disasters occur from time to time. ____1____ It makes China face even much severe and complex situation. In order to rase the awareness of disaster prevention and minimize the losses, warnings and instructions are give to the public. ____2____ Let’s have a look.
Fire
When a fire breaks out, smoke threatens mostly. ____3____ Roll on the ground if you find your clothes on fire. It is too dangerous to take the elevator in this situation, so it is better to use a bundle of rope and safely slide down from the balcony. Jumping off the building blindly will cause serious injuries.
Mud-rock flow
Rainstorm may cause mud-rock flow, an it’s really dangerous to stay downstream. When you try to escape from it, instead of going along the bottom of the ditch, it is much wiser to climb up the mountain horizontally quickly. Please escape from ditch when selecting camping field. It’s important to check the weather when going into the mountain
Flood
____4____ We could use a wooden bed or table to make a raft and tie it to a big tree with a safety.???rope. We have to prepare food and warm clothes to get through it.
Lightning strike
On cloudy and rainy days, a lightning strike may happen. ____5____ Of course, you also should stay away from iron tower poles. We need to pay attention to it even when we stay at home. Close the doors, windows and cut off the power.
A．Cut off the power and shut off water sources.
B．Please don’t stand under the tree in such kind of weather.
C．Try to find a higher place, but staying on a roof isn’t a good choice.
D．First you need to take shelter, then find a gap under the table or bed.
E．Losses caused by natural disaster in China are continuously increasing.
F．They also play a part in popularize the knowledge and self-rescue skills.
G．In that case, please cover your nose and your mouth with a wet towel.
（2022·遼寧·高一期末）In 2004, a tsunami (海嘯) around the Indian Ocean killed at least 25000 people across a dozen countries. The huge death was in part caused by the fact that many communities received no warming. ____6____
Yet in the minutes and hours before the walls of water up to 9m high went through coastlines, some animals seemed to sense the coming danger and make efforts to flee. Elephants ran for higher ground, and chickens abandoned low-lying nesting areas.____7____ .These accounts about animal behavior before disasters have inspired some researchers to devote serious scientific attention to the theory that animals may have inbuilt systems which can predict the upcoming natural disasters.
The researchers found evidence that the farm animals began to change their behavior up to 20 hours before an earthquake.____8____ Just two weeks before the earthquake, a series of strong perturbations (擾動) happened in local atmospheric electric charges every two to four minutes.
China has already created a Quake Alert system in Nanning, monitoring the behavior of animals much closer to the ground – specifically, snakes. “____9____ ”Jiang Weisong, the director of the organization said. “When an earthquake is about to occur, snakes will move out of their nests, even in winter.”
____10____ . And even if they do help, animal movements alone are unlikely to be enough to provide. People will need to rely on a combination of early warning signals to get the full picture.
A．Even dogs refused to go outdoors
B．Snakes are perhaps the most sensitive creatures to earthquakes
C．Local manmade early warning systems failed to raise any clear alarm
D．Some animals will make noise to tell the human beings of the accident
E．And scientists also found what might lead to the changes in local animal behavior
F．Finally we should make full use of the animal early warning systems in scientific research
G．Not all experts think that animal early warning systems are a reliable option for predicting disasters

（2022·廣西河池·高一期末）Unlike hurricanes or floods, earthquakes happen without warning and are usually followed by similar aftershocks, although the aftershocks are usually less powerful than the quake. If you find yourself in the middle of an earthquake, there’s often only a short time to decide what to do. ___11___
● Drop to the ground. The drop, cover, and hold on technique is the cousin of the famous “stop, drop and roll” for fires. While it’s not the only method of protecting yourself indoors during an earthquake, it is the preferred method of the Red Cross. Big earthquakes occur without much, if any, warning. ___12___ A small earthquake could turn into a big earthquake in a split-second; it’s better to be safe than sorry.
● Take cover. Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture. ___13___ If there isn’t a table or desk near you, cover your face and head with your arms and crouch (蜷縮) in an inside corner of the building.
● Hold on. ___14___ Hold on to whatever surface or platform you’ve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop. If you were unable to find a surface to hide under, continue to keep your head protected by your arms and tucked (躲藏，隱藏) down low.
● ___15___ Researchers have shown that most injuries happen when people try to change the place of hiding or when the place is crowded and everyone has a goal to get outside safe.
A．Stay inside until it’s safe to get out.
B．In that case, move to the nearest safe place.
C．Stairs are dangerous places to walk during an earthquake.
D．So it’s recommended that you drop to the floor as soon as it hits.
E．If possible, stay away from windows and anything that could fall.
F．The ground maybe shaking and pieces of wood or brick could be falling.
G．Studying the following advice could be the difference between life and death.

（2022·山東·青島城陽京華學(xué)校高一期末）A tsunami is a series of huge waves that can kill many people and destroy a whole country. A terrible tsunami disaster happened on December 26, 2004. ____16____ It is said that it might not be the worst and a future tsunami in the Indian Ocean could affect Singapore, Somalia, Western Australia, and many other places.
The word “tsunami” comes from Japanese words. A tsunami can be caused by natural phenomenon such as landslides, volcanic eruptions, large asteroid impacts (小行星撞擊地球), and earthquakes occurring underwater or close to a body of water. ____17____
A tsunami usually cannot be seen while it travels through deep water. ____18____ On December 26, 2004, some people saw the sea suddenly disappeared just before the waves came and knew that something was wrong. Some people managed to run fast from it and survived, but many people, who did not see any signs or did not run fast enough, died.
____19____ If you are in a coastal area where the water suddenly draws back, the only chance of survival is to run for high ground or for the high floors of high-rise buildings. But because it moves too fast for people to run from it, only those who are lucky manage to survive.
Since the tsunami of 2004, many people know more about tsunami. ____20____
A．The event forced officials to develop a better tsunami warning system.
B．It could also be caused by nuclear weapons that are exploded at sea.
C．It travels fast underwater, sometimes up to about 1,000 kilometers per hour.
D．The next time a tsunami strikes, hopefully more people will be able to survive.
E．Tsunami is a Japanese word for a harmful ocean wave caused by an undersea earthquake.
F．As a tsunami gets close to the shore, it becomes a series of waves up to 150 meters high.
G．On that day, a huge tsunami swept through the Indian Ocean killing about 300,000 people.

（2022·陜西商洛·高一期末）The aftermath (后果) of an earthquake can be horrible, but it is important that you are attentive and focused after an earthquake happens. Fires, gas leaks, and injuries are all dangers you might face after an earthquake.___21___By assessing the safety of your location and following the directions of local authorities, your chances of surviving the aftermath of an earthquake will be much higher.
Check yourself for injuries. ___22___ If you’re bleeding, lift your injury up and put pressure on it. If your injury is serious, call for help using a cellphone or try to get rescuers’ attention.
___23___ Use a cellphone to call for help if you have one. If you can’t use a phone, try knocking loudly on something nearby until rescuers find you.
Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes which follow the main shock of an earthquake.___24___ So you should prepare to move to a safe location, like an open outdoor space or a structurally sound building.
Exit the building and go to a safer place once the shaking has stopped. The structure of the building you’re in may have been weakened by the main earthquake.___25___
A．Signal for help if you are trapped.
B．They can cause significant damage.
C．Remain calm as the earthquake occurs.
D．The more prepared you are, the safer you’ll be.
E．Make sure you’re not seriously hurt before you do anything.
F．After the earthquake, you must get medical treatment in time.
G．Therefore, you should leave as soon as possible in case of any aftershocks.

（2022·海南·嘉積中學(xué)高一期末）It is impossible to stop a hurricane or make it change its way, so if you ever find yourself in the path of a hurricane, ____26____.
Be sure you have a battery-powered radio, full-charged mobile phones, fresh drinking water and a supply of food. ____27____, be sure you have full supply.
Tell neighbors, friends and family members your emergency plans. Tell them where you’ll go if you need to leave your home.
If you live near the ocean, in low-lying area, or in a mobile home, ____28____. You could stay with a friend or family member in an inland hotel or motel, or in an emergency shelter area.
Keep listening to the radio if a hurricane is approaching. If local authorities instruct you to evacuate, do it immediately.____29____. If the electricity goes out, the fuel pumps at gas stations will not work.
____30____. You could be seriously injured if you go outside.
You should always take good care of your pets and keep them indoors during a storm. If you have to evacuate your home, remember that pets are not allowed in most emergency shelters and hotel rooms.
A．Stay inside during the storm.
B．Leave your home and travel inland to a safe place.
C．Before a hurricane arrives,be sure your family’s car is filled with fuel.
D．Be sure to follow the safety tips below
E．Also, if anyone of your family needs special medicine
F．Keep calm during the storm.
G．Head for a safer place and stay indoors.

（2021·甘肅·嘉峪關(guān)市第一中學(xué)高一期中）In the spring and summer months, thunderstorms are common. ___31___In thunderstorms, lightning can strike (擊中) people and buildings and is very dangerous.
It was reported that a man was struck by lightning when he was making a phone call under a tree. He died at once. You may not know it, but nearly 1,800 thunderstorms are happening at any moment around the world. ____32____ So what should you do during a lightning storm? Scientists say that a person’s chances of being struck by lightning are 1 in 600,000. ___33___
If you are indoors during a thunderstorm:
＊Stay away from anything that is metal because lightning can come into the house through it.
＊Don’t stand near the windows.
＊Don’t take a shower or bath. Lightning can travel through water.
＊Never use the phone.___34___
If you are caught in a thunderstorm outdoors:
＊ _____35_____ .???If there’s no building around, try to find a low place to stay in.
＊Do not go under a tree because the lightning could hit the tree and travel through the tree to hit you.
＊Never use a cell phone.
A．Try to get home as soon as possible.
B．Since they happen often, some people don’t take them seriously.
C．Lightning could travel through the phone line and hit you.
D．In fact, many people are killed by lightning every year.
E．But you can reduce (減少) those chances by following these safety rules.
F．But it is very important for us to learn about lightning.
G．Go into a nearby building or car right away.

（2022·全國·高一單元測試）Swim safely!
Swimming is great exercise, and a trip to a pool or beach is a good way to have fun with friends in summer. ____36____, so it’s important to stay safe as you do it. Here are a few things you can do to swim safely.
____37____. Don’t swim unless there is a life guard at work. If you’re on a beach near the ocean, this is especially. In some places fast-flowing water can move swimmers away without warning. So if a sign says “no swimming”, pay attention to it.
Be careful when diving（跳入）into the water headfirst. ____38____. In natural water, don’t dive unless you know that the water is deep enough. Or you could hurt your head on the bottom, causing injury or death.
Around water, adults should watch children at all times to make sure they are safe. Those who don’t know how to swim should wear life jackets. But by themselves they are not enough, so an adult should always be present. If you have to rescue a child from drowning（淹）,a few seconds can make a big difference.
Make sure you have a friend with you whenever you swim. ____39____, that person can make sure you get help.
Drink a lot water. The sun’s heat???and the physical activity may make you sweat（出汗）more than you realize.
By following these simple rules, you can make sure your swim time is safe as well as fun. ____40____!
A．That way if something goes wrong
B．Now get out there, and enjoy the water
C．Swim only in areas set apart for swimming
D．Make sure everyone in your family swim well
E．But sometimes swimming can also be very dangerous
F．Most pools have marked deep ends where diving is safe
G．Many children who drown in home pools were out of sight within minutes


參考答案：
1．E????2．F????3．G????4．C????5．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了幾種重大自然災(zāi)害下的防災(zāi)自救知識。
1．前文“In the background of global climate change, major natural disasters occur from time to time. (在全球氣候變化的背景下，重大自然災(zāi)害時有發(fā)生)”以及后文“It makes China face even much severe and complex situation. (這使中國面臨更加嚴峻和復(fù)雜的形勢)”故E項“中國自然災(zāi)害造成的損失不斷增加?！背薪由衔挠性S多自然災(zāi)害，損失不斷增加引出下文面臨更嚴峻和復(fù)雜的形式。故選E項。
2．前文“In order to rase the awareness of disaster prevention and minimize the losses, warnings and instructions are give to the public. (為了提高防災(zāi)意識，最大限度地減少損失，政府向公眾發(fā)出警告和指示)”故F項“他們還在普及知識和自救技能方面發(fā)揮了作用。”與前文為并列關(guān)系。故選F項。
3．前文“When a fire breaks out, smoke threatens mostly. (當(dāng)火災(zāi)發(fā)生時，煙霧威脅最大)”故G項“那樣的話，請用濕毛巾捂住鼻子和嘴巴。”是火災(zāi)發(fā)生時避免煙霧威脅的措施。故選G項。
4．結(jié)合小標(biāo)題“Flood(洪水)”可知，本段主要講述洪水來臨時的辦法。故C項“試著找一個更高的地方，但是呆在屋頂上不是一個好的選擇?！狈洗颂幒樗畞砼R時的語境。故選C項。
5．前文“On cloudy and rainy days, a lightning strike may happen. (在陰天和雨天，可能會發(fā)生雷擊)”故B項“在這樣的天氣里，請不要站在樹下?！狈洗颂幷Z境，下雨天站在樹下十分危險。故選B項。
6．C????7．A????8．E????9．B????10．G
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。在發(fā)生自然災(zāi)害時，動物會出現(xiàn)一些異常行為進行預(yù)警，我們應(yīng)該關(guān)注動物發(fā)出的災(zāi)害警告。
6．設(shè)空處位于段末，上文主要講了印度洋發(fā)生的海嘯造成了重大損失，下文第二段首句“Yet in the minutes and hours before the walls of water up to 9m high went through coastlines, some animals seemed to sense the coming danger and make efforts to flee.”出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，提到了災(zāi)難爆發(fā)前，一些動物感覺到了危險，由此可知上文段末句應(yīng)與本句對應(yīng)，與“動物預(yù)警”對應(yīng)的應(yīng)該是“人的預(yù)警”。C項“Local manmade early warning systems failed to raise any clear alarm.(當(dāng)?shù)氐娜斯ゎA(yù)警系統(tǒng)未能發(fā)出清晰的警報。)”一方面與上文提到的災(zāi)難對應(yīng)，另一方面“manmade early warning system”與下文的“animals seemed to sense the coming danger”對應(yīng)。故選C項。
7．上文“Elephants ran for higher ground, and chickens abandoned low-lying nesting areas.”提到了大象和雞在災(zāi)難發(fā)生前的反應(yīng)；下文“These accounts about animal behavior before disasters have inspired some researchers to devote serious scientific attention to the theory that animals may have inbuilt systems which can predict the upcoming natural disasters.”提到了這些動物在災(zāi)難發(fā)生前的行為引起了研究人員的關(guān)注，屬于總結(jié)性的話語，由此可推知，中間還提到一類動物的反應(yīng)。A項“Even dogs refused to go outdoors.(就連狗也不愿出門。)”恰好與上文存在遞進關(guān)系。故選A項。
8．上文“The researchers found evidence that the farm animals began to change their behavior up to 20 hours before an earthquake.”提到了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)地震前一些家畜會出現(xiàn)異常行為。下文“Just two weeks before the earthquake, a series of strong perturbations (擾動) happened in local atmospheric electric charges every two to four minutes.”提到了地震發(fā)生前兩周，當(dāng)?shù)卮髿怆姾擅績傻剿姆昼娋蜁l(fā)生強烈擾動，這是在分析動物行為異常的原因，故前后之間需要一個過渡句。E項“And scientists also found what might lead to the changes in local animal behavior.(科學(xué)家們還發(fā)現(xiàn)了可能導(dǎo)致當(dāng)?shù)貏游镄袨樽兓脑颉?”中的“And scientists also found”與上文“scientists found”對應(yīng)，“what might lead to the changes”與下文的內(nèi)容對應(yīng)。故選E項。
9．上文“China has already created a Quake Alert system in Nanning, monitoring the behavior of animals much closer to the ground – specifically, snakes.”提到了中國建立了地震預(yù)警系統(tǒng)，監(jiān)測動物，尤其是蛇的行為；下文“When an earthquake is about to occur, snakes will move out of their nests, even in winter.”提到了蛇在地震發(fā)生前的特殊行為；由此可知，設(shè)空處還是在談與蛇有關(guān)的事。B項“Snakes are perhaps the most sensitive creatures to earthquakes.(蛇可能是對地震最敏感的生物。)”與上下文對應(yīng)。故選B項。
10．設(shè)空處位于段首，故需具有統(tǒng)領(lǐng)下文的作用。下文“And even if they do help, animal movements alone are unlikely to be enough to provide. People will need to rely on a combination of early warning signals to get the full picture.”提到了即使動物預(yù)警有幫助，但僅僅依靠動物運動來預(yù)警也不夠，人類也需要依靠預(yù)警信號充分掌握具體情況。由此可推知，前面應(yīng)該是提到有些人懷疑動物預(yù)警的可靠性。G項“Not all experts think that animal early warning systems are a reliable option for predicting disasters.(并非所有專家都認為動物早期預(yù)警系統(tǒng)是預(yù)測災(zāi)害的可靠選擇)”恰好與下文具體內(nèi)容對應(yīng)。故選G項。
11．G????12．D????13．E????14．F????15．A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了幾條地震時該如何反應(yīng)的建議。
11．上文“If you find yourself in the middle of an earthquake, there’s often only a short time to decide what to do.(如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己身處地震之中，通常只有很短的時間來決定該做什么)”說明身處地震中，決定該做什么的時間很短，G項“研究以下建議可能是生與死的區(qū)別。”承接上文，引出下文內(nèi)容，符合題意。故選G。
12．本段標(biāo)題句“Drop to the ground.(臥倒在地上)”說明本段給出的建議是臥倒在地，D項中drop to the floor是關(guān)鍵短語，D項“所以建議地震一發(fā)生你就臥倒在地?！狈媳径沃髦?。故選D。
13．本段標(biāo)題句“Take cover.(躲起來)”說明本段給出的建議是躲起來，以及上文“Get under a firm table or other piece of furniture.(躲到堅硬的桌子或其他家具下面)”說明躲起來時應(yīng)注意的事項，E項“如果可能的話，遠離窗戶和任何可能墜落的物體?！崩^續(xù)介紹躲起來時的注意事項，符合題意。故選E。
14．下文“Hold on to whatever surface or platform you’ve gotten under and wait for the shaking to stop.(固守你已經(jīng)到達的任何表面或平臺下邊，等待震動停止)”說明要待在相對安全的地方，等待震動停止，F(xiàn)項“地面可能會晃動，木塊或磚塊可能會掉落。”解釋下文動作的原因，符合題意。故選F。
15．下文“Researchers have shown that most injuries happen when people try to change the place of hiding or when the place is crowded and everyone has a goal to get outside safe.(研究人員已經(jīng)表明，大多數(shù)傷害發(fā)生在人們試圖改變躲藏地點，或當(dāng)這個地方很擁擠，每個人都有一個目標(biāo)，以安全逃出的時候)”說明大多數(shù)傷害發(fā)生在人們試圖改變躲藏的地點或者每個人都想出去時，A項“待在里面，直到出去是安全的?！闭f明在確認安全之前待在里面，引出下文內(nèi)容，符合題意。故選A。
16．G????17．B????18．C????19．F????20．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹的是海嘯這種自然災(zāi)害。
16．空前說“A terrible tsunami disaster happened on December 26, 2004.(2004年12月26日發(fā)生了一場可怕的海嘯災(zāi)難。)”，空后說“It is said that it might not be the worst(據(jù)說這可能不是最糟糕的)”，因此空格處應(yīng)該說2004年12月26日的海嘯所導(dǎo)致的嚴重后果，G選項“On that day, a huge tsunami swept through the Indian Ocean killing about 300,000 people.(那天，一場巨大的海嘯席卷了印度洋，造成30萬人死亡。)”說明了前面描述的海嘯的嚴重后果，因此符合語境，故選G。
17．空前說“A tsunami can be caused by natural phenomenon such as landslides, volcanic eruptions, large asteroid impacts (小行星撞擊地球), and earthquakes occurring underwater or close to a body of water.(海嘯可能是由自然現(xiàn)象引起的，如山體滑坡、火山爆發(fā)、大型小行星撞擊以及發(fā)生在水下或水體附近的地震。)”，B選項“It could also be caused by nuclear weapons that are exploded at sea.(它也可能是由在海上爆炸的核武器引起的。)”中的“could also be caused by”和前面的“can be caused by”相呼應(yīng)，說明了導(dǎo)致海嘯的另外的原因，因此B選項承接上文，符合語境，故選B。
18．空后說“On December 26, 2004, some people saw the sea suddenly disappeared just before the waves came and knew that something was wrong.(2004年12月26日，在海浪到來，人們知道出事之前，一些人看到大海突然消失了。)”，說明海嘯的速度很快，C選項“It travels fast underwater, sometimes up to about 1,000 kilometers per hour.(它在水下的速度很快，有時可以達到每小時1000公里。)”說明了海嘯的速度很快，和后文內(nèi)容承接，符合語境，故選C。
19．空后說“If you are in a coastal area where the water suddenly draws back, the only chance of survival is to run for high ground or for the high floors of high-rise buildings.(如果你在水突然退來的沿海地區(qū)，唯一的生存機會是跑向高地或高層建筑的高層。)”，F(xiàn)選項“As a tsunami gets close to the shore, it becomes a series of waves up to 150 meters high.(當(dāng)海嘯靠近海岸時，它會形成一系列高達150米的海浪。)”中的“gets close to the shore”和后文的“a coastal area where the water suddenly draws back”相呼應(yīng)，說明了海嘯引起的浪很巨大，且和后文的“the only chance of survival is to run”相呼應(yīng)，因此F選項引起下文，符合語境，故選F。
20．空前說“Since the tsunami of 2004, many people know more about tsunami.(自從2004年的海嘯之后，很多人對海嘯有了更多的了解。)”，空后應(yīng)說人們更多地了解海嘯將會有什么好處，D選項“The next time a tsunami strikes, hopefully more people will be able to survive.(下次海嘯來襲時，希望有更多的人能夠幸存。)”說明了作者希望人們更多地了解海嘯，好找到方法幸存，承接上文，符合語境，故選D。
21．D????22．E????23．A????24．B????25．G
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了地震后應(yīng)該注意的危險以及應(yīng)采取的自救方式。
21．下文“By assessing the safety of your location and following the directions of local authorities, your chances of surviving the aftermath of an earthquake will be much higher.(通過評估您所在位置的安全性并遵循地方當(dāng)局的指示，您在地震后幸存的幾率將大大提高)”說明如果提前做準備，那么地震后幸存的幾率會更高，D項“你準備得越充分，就越安全。”引出下文，符合題意。故選D。
22．上文“Check yourself for injuries.(檢查自己是否受傷)”說明需要檢查自己的身體狀況，E項“在你做任何事情之前，確保你沒有受到嚴重傷害?！边M一步說明要先檢查自己身體是否受傷，然后才能采取行動，符合題意。故選E。
23．下文“Use a cellphone to call for help if you have one. If you can’t use a phone, try knocking loudly on something nearby until rescuers find you.(如果你有手機，請用手機打電話求救。如果你不能使用電話，試著大聲敲打附近的東西，直到救援人員找到你)”說明要采取方式發(fā)出求救信號，A項“如果你被困，發(fā)出求救信號?！币鱿挛模项}意。故選A。
24．上文“Aftershocks are smaller earthquakes which follow the main shock of an earthquake.(余震是繼主震之后發(fā)生的較小地震)”說明地震之后還可能發(fā)生余震，B項中They指代上文中的余震，B項“它們可能會造成重大損害。”說明余震的危害性，承接上文，符合題意。故選B。
25．上文“The structure of the building you’re in may have been weakened by the main earthquake.(你所在的大樓的結(jié)構(gòu)可能已經(jīng)被主震削弱了)”說明地震后大樓變得不安全，G項“因此，你應(yīng)該盡可能快地離開以防有任何余震發(fā)生。”說明應(yīng)該采取的正確方式，符合題意。故選G。
26．D????27．E????28．B????29．C????30．A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一些在颶風(fēng)發(fā)生時需要遵循的安全提示。
26．根據(jù)上文“It is impossible to stop a hurricane or make it change its way, so if you ever find yourself in the path of a hurricane(阻止颶風(fēng)或改變它的方式是不可能的，所以如果你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己正處于颶風(fēng)的路徑上)”和下文的大概內(nèi)容可知這一句可作為文章的中心句，放在首段的最后一句，引出下文的內(nèi)容。D項：Be sure to follow the safety tips below(一定要遵循下面的安全提示)符合語境。故選D。
27．根據(jù)上文“Be sure you have a battery-powered radio, full-charged mobile phones, fresh drinking water and a supply of food.( 確保你有一個電池供電的收音機，充滿電的手機，新鮮的飲用水和充足的食物。)”和下文“be sure you have full supply（保證你有足夠的供應(yīng))”可知，前句有Be sure you have..., 后句也是be sure you have full supply（保證你有足夠的供應(yīng))，是進一步闡述發(fā)生的需要供應(yīng)充足的情況，所以E選項中的Also連接適當(dāng)，另外在危機中，什么情況下保證有足夠供應(yīng)呢？當(dāng)然是需要藥物的時候。E項：Also, if anyone of your family needs special medicine(還有，如果你家里有人需要特殊藥物)符合語境。故選E。
28．根據(jù)上文“If you live near the ocean, in low-lying area, or in a mobile home (如果你住在海邊，低洼地區(qū)，或者住在活動房)”和下文“You could stay with a friend or family member in an inland hotel or motel, or in an emergency shelter area.(你可以和朋友或家人一起住在內(nèi)陸的酒店或汽車旅館，或在緊急避難所。)”可知，前文說如果你住在海邊、低處或移動的房子，后文接著說你得和朋友或家人待在內(nèi)陸inland的賓館等地方，所以自然中間也是要離開去到安全的地方。B項：Leave your home and travel inland to a safe place(離開你的家，到內(nèi)陸一個安全的地方旅行)符合語境。故選B。
29．根據(jù)上文“If local authorities instruct you to evacuate, do it immediately.(如果當(dāng)?shù)卣甘臼枭?，請立即撤離。)”和下文“If the electricity goes out, the fuel pumps at gas stations will not work.(如果停電，加油站的油泵就無法工作。)”可知，上文說如果當(dāng)?shù)貦?quán)威部門讓你撤離，趕緊撤離。下文是如果沒電了，汽油站是沒法加油（fuel）的，因此可知撤離之前，趁颶風(fēng)來之前，趕緊加“fuel”。C項：Before a hurricane arrives, be sure your family’s car is filled with fuel.(在颶風(fēng)到來之前，確保你家里的車裝滿了燃料。)符合語境。故選C。
30．空處為段落主題句。根據(jù)下文“You could be seriously injured if you go outside.(如果你出去，你可能會受重傷。)”可知，本段主要建議刮風(fēng)的時候要待在屋里。A項：Stay inside during the storm.(暴風(fēng)雨期間呆在室內(nèi)。)符合語境。故選A。
31．B????32．D????33．E????34．C????35．G
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。介紹了雷暴的危害性以及減少雷暴傷害的安全措施。
31．根據(jù)上文“In the spring and summer months, thunderstorms are common.”可知，在春季和夏季，雷暴是常見的。關(guān)鍵詞common和B項中的happen often對應(yīng)，B項“Since they happen often, some people don’t take them seriously.（由于這種情況經(jīng)常發(fā)生，有些人并不把它們當(dāng)回事）”符合上下文邏輯，起到承上啟下的作用。故選B。
32．根據(jù)上文“You may not know it, but nearly 1,800 thunderstorms are happening at any moment around the world. （那么你可能不知道，但全世界隨時都有近1800場雷暴發(fā)生。）”和下文“So what should you do during a lightning storm????(那么在雷暴期間你應(yīng)該怎么做？)”可知，上文介紹雷暴很常見，下文提問在雷暴期間該如何做。由此推知，接下來要介紹雷暴對人類造成的危害。D項“In fact, many people are killed by lightning every year.（事實上，每年都有許多人死于閃電。）”符合上下文邏輯，故選D。
33．由下文的“If you are indoors during a thunderstorm…If you are caught in a thunderstorm outdoors.”可知，下文都在介紹減少雷暴傷害的安全措施。由小題3的位置可以判斷出小題3的選項要引起下文。E項“But you can reduce (減少) those chances by following these safety rules.（但是你可以通過遵守這些安全規(guī)則來減少這些概率）”符合上下文邏輯，故選E。
34．根據(jù)上文“Never use the phone.（不要使用電話）”可知，下文接著要說電話會帶來的危害。C項“Lightning could travel through the phone line and hit you.（閃電可能穿過電話線擊中你。）” 符合上下文邏輯，故選C。
35．根據(jù)下文“If there’s no building around, try to find a low place to stay in.（如果周圍沒有建筑，試著找一個低的地方呆下來。）”可知，空格處要告訴我們在室外遭受雷暴且有遮蔽物或建筑時該怎么做。G項“Go into a nearby building or car right away.（立即進入附近的建筑物或汽車。）”符合上下文邏輯，故選G。
36．E????37．C????38．F????39．A????40．B
【分析】本文屬于說明文，游泳是一種很好的運動，不過需要注意安全，文中列舉了一些安全游泳的措施。
36．根據(jù)后一句so it’s important to stay safe as you do it可知，游泳的時候保證安全很重要，E選項，游泳有時候存在危險，與后一句屬于因果關(guān)系，切題，故選E。
37．本段主要講述游泳的時候確保救生員在旁邊，注意游泳的警示標(biāo)志，因此可知本段講述游泳的區(qū)域很重要，故C選項切題，選C。
38．本段主要講述游泳時跳水的注意事項，以及后一句In natural water, don’t dive unless you know that the water is deep enough.可知，在不同環(huán)境下，跳水的注意事項，故F選項，能夠安全跳水的區(qū)域，游泳池標(biāo)志較深的那段，故F切題，選F。
39．根據(jù)前一句Make sure you have a friend with you whenever you swim.以及后一句that person can make sure you get help.可知，本段主要講述游泳的時候要有一個朋友在旁邊，后一句就是闡述這樣做的原因，萬一出現(xiàn)情況，可以及時獲得幫助，故A選項切題，選A。
40．根據(jù)前一句By following these simple rules, you can make sure your swim time is safe as well as fun.可知，注意上述的事項，就可以確保游泳高興又安全，這樣做的話，就可以安心游泳了，B選項切題，故選B。
【點睛】七選五做題步驟。先確定出題的位置；讀題干，再讀需要填入句子的上下句，畫出關(guān)鍵詞；讀文章各段落，確定段落中心句和文章主題句；通讀文章確定上下句和選項之間的邏輯關(guān)系。
若空格位置設(shè)在段首，則需要：1）查找同義詞或其他相關(guān)的詞，推斷出主題句。2）鎖定關(guān)鍵詞，然后在并列、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等選項中查找相關(guān)特征詞。通常正確答案的最后一句與空白后的第一句在意思上是緊密銜接的。
比如小題3，本段主要講述游泳時跳水的注意事項，以及后一句In natural water, don’t dive unless you know that the water is deep enough.可知，在不同環(huán)境下，跳水的注意事項，故F選項


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高中英語人教版 (2019)必修 第一冊電子課本

Unit 4 Natural disasters

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