?專題08 完形填空說明文應(yīng)對策略 【題型特點(diǎn)】說明文往往圍繞一個(gè)問題從不同的側(cè)面來加以說明，通常結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜，因此也是高考完形填空題中較難理解的一種文體。其主要特點(diǎn)為：1. 開頭點(diǎn)題在說明文類的完形填空中，作者一般在文章的首句直接提出說明的對象，這是掌握說明細(xì)節(jié)的前提。2.結(jié)構(gòu)清晰說明文一般按一定的順序展開。理清文章的說明順序，對于正確把握文意和上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，選擇正確答案具有重要意義。3.難度較大說明文往往采用比較正式的文體，表述準(zhǔn)確嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)，生詞術(shù)語較多，句子較長，結(jié)構(gòu)較為復(fù)雜。4.遣詞用字簡練說明文一般采用簡練的語言，按一定的方法介紹事物的類別、性質(zhì)、特點(diǎn)、構(gòu)造、成因、關(guān)系或事物的運(yùn)動(dòng)變化、發(fā)展的過程及其規(guī)律。5.條理清晰說明文十分講究條理性，一般采取時(shí)間順序、空間順序、邏輯順序或認(rèn)知順序來說明事物或事理。 【應(yīng)試策略】1. 快速弄清文章大意對于此類文章我們結(jié)合選擇項(xiàng)，進(jìn)行粗讀或略讀，對文章的大意要先有一個(gè)大體的了解。說明文往往生詞較多，而題材又比較廣泛，所以閱讀時(shí)，首先要能夠掌握文章的大意。2. 弄清楚說明的順序把握了說明順序，就能準(zhǔn)確把握文章的脈絡(luò)，加強(qiáng)對整篇文章的理解。3. 把握文章的組織結(jié)構(gòu)，理清事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)把握語篇特征對理解文意與答題極為有利。說明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表達(dá)清楚的、邏輯比較嚴(yán)密的短文。在閱讀這類文章時(shí)，我們一定要仔細(xì)研讀文章的開頭和結(jié)尾，從主題句著手，找出支持句，然后尋找文章的結(jié)論。這時(shí)，我們還要特別注意，不要被表面的一些細(xì)節(jié)所迷惑，我們在理解細(xì)節(jié)的基礎(chǔ)上，還要斟酌文字的內(nèi)涵意義，從而對文章進(jìn)行深層次的理解。4. 注重上下文語境應(yīng)逐句精讀短文，逐題分析選項(xiàng)，對特定的語境作深入的理解，克服＂思維定勢＂，根據(jù)全文大意和詞不離句、句不離文的原則逐項(xiàng)填空。5. 熟練做題方法，遵循四個(gè)原則：（1）上下一致。每個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)必須從全文出發(fā)，從大處著手，避免孤立地分析每一空格，造成誤選。（2）語法正確。從語法地角度去考慮動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)以及詞類用法。（3）邏輯合理。在完形填空題中，邏輯推理非常重要，有時(shí)每個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)從語法上講都正確，但是有的是不合語境邏輯的。（4）符合搭配。英語中固定搭配很多，需要熟練掌握，才能做好此類題目。                                                                         _____               【2023·湖南省雅禮十六校第一次聯(lián)考】It is commonly believed that the great English____21____and poet William Shakespeare was born in Stratford-on-Avon on April 23, 1564. But it is impossible to know the____22____day on which he was born.Church records show he was baptized (施洗禮) on April 26, and three days was a(an)____23____amount of time to wait before baptizing a newly born baby. Shakespeare’s date of death is ____24____ known, however: it was April 23, 1616. He was 52 and had retired to Stratford three years before.Although few plays have been performed or analyzed as____25____as the 38 plays Shakespeare wrote, there are few surviving____26____about his life. This ____27____ of biographical information is due primarily to his social ____28____; he was not a ____29____, but the son of a leather trader.Shakespeare _____30_____ attended the grammar school in Stratford, where he would have studied Latin and read _____31_____ literature. He did not go to university and at age 18 married Anne Hathaway, who was eight years his _____32_____. They had four children, including the twins, Hamnet and Judith. Nothing is known of the period between the birth of the twins and Shakespeare’s _____33_____ as a dramatist in London in the early 1590s.In a million words written over 20 years, he _____34_____ the full range of human emotions and conflicts with a _____35_____ that remains sharp today. As his great contemporary the poet and dramatist Ben Jonson said, "He was not of an age, but for all time."24221．A．writer B．artist C．dramatist D．actor22．A．real B．exact C．certain D．right23．A．customary B．fixed C．traditional D．permanent24．A．conclusively B．finally C．actually D．rarely25．A．vividly B．extensively C．dramatically D．intensively26．A．facts B．proves C．hints D．details27．A．bareness B．scarcity C．amount D．abundance28．A．rank B．wealth C．evaluation D．reputation29．A．lord B．businessman C．celebrity D．noble30．A．indeed B．probably C．surely D．truly31．A．classical B．comedic C．tragic D．ancient32．A．wife B．junior C．senior D．sister33．A．ambition B．development C．shift D．emergence34．A．captured B．possessed C．gripped D．clenched35．A．level B．pen C．precision D．method 【2022年浙江省二模】閱讀下面短文,從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。China’s cultural relic protection has made progress, but many problems still exist and need to be solved. China has made over 30 ____31____ based on the law of cultural relic protection.China has also ____32____ four international agreements concerning cultural relic protection and investment in cultural relic protection has also ____33____.Statistics show that from 2000 to 2005 when China carried out its 10th Five-Year Development Plan, total investment in the field ____34____ 7.889 billion yuan. With financial support from government, China also started a nationwide campaign to search and ____35____ cultural relics in 2003.China has so far included a total of 2,351 cultural relic sites and 518 intangible (無形的) cultural relics on the ____36____ of national protected items. Recovery and protection have been ____37____ on important cultural relic sites such as the Potala Palace in Tibet and the Palace Museum in Beijing.Chinese museums have developed well in recent years. China has more than 2,300 museums that ____38____ about 150 million people annually.However, cultural relics in China now face great ____39____. Many historic cities have been ____40____. Illegal trade and smuggling (走私) activities have not been forbidden, which has led to the loss of national treasures overseas. ____41____, many important cultural relic sites have disappeared or are hard to pass on because of too much exploration and improper use. And cultural relics ____42____ by minority ethnic groups have lost their character due to the ____43____ lifestyle of the people.Therefore, we should keep our mind clear and take ____44____ to better protect cultural relics, and ____45____ the whole society to take part in this cause.27031．A．reforms B．principles C．agendas D．rules32．A．formed B．organized C．joined D．banned33．A．improved B．increased C．promoted D．dismissed34．A．arrived B．expected C．reached D．jumped35．A．protect B．bless C．collapse D．reserve36．A．list B．record C．file D．case37．A．carried out B．laid out C．brought out D．put out38．A．submit B．attract C．acknowledge D．satisfy39．A．chances B．opportunities C．pressures D．challenges40．A．missed B．disappeared C．lost D．destroyed41．A．In summary B．What’s worse C．However D．Therefore42．A．collected B．bought C．held D．discovered43．A．occupied B．harmonious C．changing D．widening44．A．notice B．turns C．advantage D．measures45．A．encourage B．consult C．command D．assign                                                                         _____【湖北十堰市聯(lián)合體2022-2023學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月期中聯(lián)考英語試題】I am very lucky because I enjoy my work very much. I’m a fitness instructor at a gym near where I live. I ____21____six aerobics(有氧運(yùn)動(dòng)) classes a week and also tell my students about ____22____ and nutrition. As they say, “You are what you ____23____ .”To be honest, I worry about the ____24____ that many people have today. So many people are overweight. Because they eat the ____25____ foods and they don’t do any exercise. When you work in an office all day, I know it is difficult to find ____26____ to keep fit, but you only need to do 20 minutes a day!It’s also very important to have a ____27____ diet, starting with breakfast in the morning. It’s not a good idea to ____28____ breakfast although many of us just have a cup of tea or coffee. Eat as much ____29____ food as possible — lots of fruit and vegetables — and ____30____ not to eat too much fried food.One ____31____ why a lot of people feel less than 100% fit is that they don’t drink enough water. You need to drink two liters(升) a day — and water  ____32____ water, not tea, coffee or sugary drinks.Keeping fit is fun. However, a lot of people think it’s boring to go jogging or cycling. They just want to ____33____ their food. Well, of course, it’s fine to have cakes and ice cream, but not every day! I would say we like what our bodies ____34____ and if you eat more healthy food, over time, you might find yourself wanting to eat them more than anything else. Try it, I think you’ll be ____35____!21. A. design B. teach C. share D. choose22. A. taste B. cooking C. health D. wealth23. A. eat B. wear C. speak D. think24. A. idea B. habit C. diet D. goal25. A. cheap B. proper C. delicious D. wrong26. A. space B. money C. time D. courage27. A. special B. poor C. simple D. balanced28. A. make B. miss C. get D. order29. A. fresh B. dried C. fast D. expensive30. A. promise B. beg C. decide D. try31. A. reason B. excuse C. result D. opinion32. A. means B. includes C. needs D. produces33. A. enjoy B. show C. prepare D. research34. A. settle down to B. are buried in C. are made of D. are used to35. A. moved B. surprised C. troubled D. worried 【2022·江蘇省如皋中學(xué)高三上學(xué)期教學(xué)質(zhì)量調(diào)研】Philosophy is a systematic and reflective thinking on life. In thinking, the thinker is usually ____1____by the surroundings in which he lives. This is true of an individual, as it is also true of ____2____To the ancient Chinese their land was the world.There are two expressions in Chinese which can both be ____3____as the world: “all beneath the sky” and “all within the four seas.” To the people of a maritime (沿海的) country such as the Greeks it would be ____4____ that expressions like these could be synonymous.The ancient Chinese and Greek philosophers not only lived under different geographic conditions, but different____5____ones as well. Since China is a ____6____country, the Chinese people have to make their living by agriculture, and land is the primary basis of wealth. ____7____, throughout Chinese history, social and economic thinking and policy have____8____ the employment and distribution of land.In the social and economic thinking of Chinese philosophers, there is a____9____between what they call “the root (本)” and “the branch (末).” “The root” refers to agriculture and “the branch” to____10____. The people who deal with the “branch” were the merchants. They were the____11____and lowest of the four traditional classes of society, the other three being scholars, farmers, and artisans. Scholars and farmers were____12____then in China. The scholars did not actually____13____ the land themselves, but since they were usually landlords, their fortunes were____14____with agriculture, and therefore their reaction to the universe and their____15____on life were essentially those of the farmer.Philosophy gives us an ideal of life. Through studying philosophy, we know both this world and ourselves better.2671．A．conditioned B．equipped C．powered D．refreshed2．A．traveler B．scholar C．client D．people3．A．displayed B．confused C．translated D．symbolized4．A．discouraging B．unconvincing C．embarrassing D．thrilling5．A．cultural B．economic C．historical D．theoretical6．A．continental B．dependent C．federal D．realistic7．A．Besides B．Furthermore C．Hence D．Otherwise8．A．shrunk from B．put pressure on C．gone about D．centered around9．A．connection B．distinction C．foundation D．solution10．A．commerce B．industry C．occupation D．tourism11．A．aimless B．cautious C．last D．unemployed12．A．ambitious B．dynamic C．fortunate D．honorable13．A．explore B．cultivate C．investigate D．preserve14．A．caught up B．kept up C．tied up D．put up15．A．assessment B．impact C．concern D．outlook 

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