語法講練Unit 8How do you make a banana milk shake?Let's cook delicious food!Revison: fruit salad milk shake Russian souppeelcut upput … in …turn ondrinkpour …into ...Let’s retell how to make a banana milk shake.2. Then, cut up the vegetables.1. First, buy some beef, one cabbage, four carrots, three potatoes, five tomatoes and one onion. 3. Next, put the beef, carrots and potatoes into a pot and add some water. 4. After that, cook them for 30 minutes.5. Then add the cabbage, tomatoes and onion and cook for another 10 minutes.6. Finally, don’t forget to add some salt. How to make Russian soup?mix it all up.cut up the fruit.put the fruit into the bowl.First, Next， ,Then ,put in the honey and yogurt Finally,Do you know how to make our own fruit salad?three (apples) How many apples\… can you see?four (bananas)a glass of water one (watermelon)How much water\… can you see?two spoons of honeya cup of yogurt根據(jù)課本內(nèi)容，完成下列句子。 1. 你怎樣做香蕉奶昔？_____ do you _____ a banana milk shake?2. 首先，將香蕉剝皮。______, _____ the bananas. 3. 接下來，將香蕉放入果汁機(jī)中。 ____, _____ the bananas in the blender. 4. 然后，將牛奶倒進(jìn)果汁機(jī)中。 _____, _____ the milk ____ the blender. 5. 最后，打開果汁機(jī)。 ______, _______ ___ the blender.6. 我們需要多少香蕉？______ _____ bananas do we need? 7. 我們需要三只香蕉。 We ______ three _________. 8. 我們需要多少酸奶？ _____ _____ yogurt do we need? 9. 我們需要一茶杯。 We need ___ ____ ____ yogurt. First peelHow makeNext putThen pour intoFinally turn onHow manyneed bananasHow much one cup of Grammar Focus發(fā)現(xiàn)語法規(guī)律發(fā)現(xiàn)一動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成的祈使句祈使句可以表達(dá)叮囑、勸告、禁止、請(qǐng)求、建議或命令等。 以動(dòng)詞原形開頭, 沒有時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化；暗含的主語是you, 但通常省略。1. 肯定的祈使句 (1) 動(dòng)詞原形+其他 e.g. Stand up, please.=Please stand up. 請(qǐng)起立。(2) Be+adj. e.g. Be careful!=Look out!=Take care! 小心 / 當(dāng)心！(3) Let’s+動(dòng)詞原形 e.g. Let’s go to school together. 咱們一起上學(xué)去吧。2. 否定的祈使句 (1) Don’t + 動(dòng)詞原形 e.g. Don’t stand up. 別站起來。 Don’t be careless. 別粗心。Don’t let them play with fire. 別讓他們玩火。(2) Let’s (let sb.)+not+動(dòng)詞原形 e.g. Let’s not say anything about it. 對(duì)于這件事，咱們什么也別說。 Let them not play with fire. 別讓他們玩火。 (3) No +n./V.-ing e.g. No photos!/ No smoking!祈使句可以表達(dá)叮囑、勸告、禁止、請(qǐng)求、建議或命令等。 1.?以動(dòng)詞原形開頭, 沒有時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化；2.?否定形式是在動(dòng)詞原形前加don’t；3.?暗含的主語是you, 但通常省略。動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成的祈使句 e.g. Drink the milk…Cup up the watermelon…Pour some water…Put some water in/into…Peel the apple…Cook the meat for …Don’t bring food to the museum.?? 肯定形式：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形 (+其他).否定形式：Don’t +實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形 (+其他).肯定形式：Be ＋表語 (+其他).否定形式：Don’t +be ＋表語 (+其他).肯定形式：Let+賓語+v.原形 (+其他).否定形式：Don’t +let+賓語+v.原形 (+其他). / Let+賓語+not+v.原形 (+其他).No+名詞/動(dòng)詞-ing形式. 2. 祈使句的回答回答祈使句時(shí)一般用will或won’t?；卮鹂隙ㄐ问降钠硎咕溆脀ill，回答否定形式的祈使句用won’t。例句：—首先，清洗這些蔬菜。 —First, wash?these?vegetables. —好的，我會(huì)的?！狾K,?I?will.注意：(1)為了表示委婉的語氣可在句首或句尾加上please，但please加在句尾時(shí)，前面要用逗號(hào)隔開。eg：Please sit down. 請(qǐng)坐。Stand up，please. 請(qǐng)起立。(2)在意思較為明顯的情況下，可把謂語動(dòng)詞省去。eg：This way，please.請(qǐng)這邊走。 (3)“No + 名詞或動(dòng)名詞”也是祈使句的一種，表示“禁止”，含否定含義，經(jīng)常用于公共場(chǎng)合。No photos.禁止拍照。 No smoking.禁止吸煙。(4)某些名詞、形容詞或副詞等后面加感嘆號(hào)，也可作為祈使句。Hands up! 舉起手！　 Taxi! 出租車！Grammar Focus發(fā)現(xiàn)語法規(guī)律發(fā)現(xiàn)二表示順序的副詞，可用來表達(dá)制作步驟的先后順序。有時(shí)候吩咐別人做的某件事要分步驟來完成，并且有一個(gè)先后順序，這時(shí)候可以適當(dāng)?shù)厥褂?first, next, then 和finally，既能使說話人喘口氣，又能使聽話者感到句子的連貫性。 First...（首先……）, next...（接下來……），then...（然后……）, finally...（最后……）.______,peel…______,cut up…______,put…in…______,put…into…______, turn on…______,drink…FirstAndNextNextThenFinallyGrammar Focus發(fā)現(xiàn)語法規(guī)律發(fā)現(xiàn)三可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞名詞按其所表示的事物的性質(zhì)分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞有單數(shù)和負(fù)數(shù)的變化，不可數(shù)名詞沒有?？蓴?shù)名詞：如banana, apple, onion, pear, desk, … 不可數(shù)名詞: 如milk, yogurt, honey, work, news, rice…可數(shù)名詞前可以加a\an表示一個(gè)，也可用基數(shù)詞或者many等直接修飾可數(shù)名詞，如a banana, an apple, three pears等；但是不可數(shù)名詞前不能加a\an表示一個(gè)，也不能用基數(shù)詞或者many等直接修飾不可數(shù)名詞，要表達(dá)不可數(shù)名詞的量要用“基數(shù)詞+單位詞+of?”。如：one cup / bottle of water ，three spoons of soup，one bowl of rice ? ? ? ? ?one box of milk， two kilos of yogurt?如何問答名詞的數(shù)量？1. 詢問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量：__________ + 可數(shù)名詞……? 2. 詢問不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量： _________ + 不可數(shù)名詞 ……? 回答不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量：___________ + 不可數(shù)名詞 一杯 ____________; 一碗 __________How manyHow much數(shù)量詞a cup ofa bowl ofThis boy has?three?pens.? (對(duì)劃線部分提問) →How many pens does this boy have? I ate?two bowls of?rice.?? (對(duì)劃線部分提問) →How much rice did you eat?2. 可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則(1) 規(guī)則變化可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成，通常是在單數(shù)形式后面加s或es，其方法如下：加-s在清輔音后讀/s/在濁輔音和元音后讀/z/加-es讀/?z/以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i，再加-es讀/?z/以f (e) 結(jié)尾的詞變f (e) 為v，再加-es讀/vz/以字母o結(jié)尾的名詞有的加-es，有的加-s。potato → potatoes 土豆tomato → tomatoes 西紅杮radio → radios 收音機(jī)photo → photos 照片es和s都讀/z/(1) 元音或詞尾發(fā)生變化：如：child--_________, mouse-- _________， man--________, woman--_________, foot--_________, tooth--_________, goose--_________ policeman--___________, Frenchman--_________ Englishman--_________ 口訣：男士(man)、女士(woman)a變e;鵝(goose)牙(tooth)腳(foot)雙o雙e;孩子們(child)想去天安門，原形后面r、e、n）childrenmicemenwomenfeetteethgeesepolicemenFrenchmenEnglishmen可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則不規(guī)則變化：(2) 單復(fù)數(shù)同形：如：deer---deer fish----fish sheep----sheep Chinese ----Chinese Japanese---Japanese yuan---yuan口訣：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）警察（police）好友（people）來聚會(huì)，鹿（deep）、羊（sheep）、魚（fish）、牛（cattle）齊齊把家回注意：(1) glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如：The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(2) maths, news等雖然有s結(jié)尾，但不是復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語仍用單數(shù)，如：The news is very exciting. (3) “某國(guó)人”的復(fù)數(shù)形式 “中日不變英法變，其余s加后邊”可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則通常情況下，當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞作定語修飾另一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)只把后一個(gè)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。 但當(dāng)man 或woman修飾另一個(gè)名詞時(shí)， 變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)要把man或woman和另一個(gè)名詞一起變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。an apple tree---apple trees 蘋果樹a woman leader ----women leaders 女領(lǐng)導(dǎo)a man doctor---men doctors 男醫(yī)生1. How (much/many) bananas do we need??2. How (much/many) sugar do we need? 3. How (much/many) bread do we need??4. How (much/many) tomatoes do we need? 5. How (much/many) cheese do we need?3aCircle the correct word in each question.1. Tony’s father is a ________. (2020廣西桂林) teachers B. doctors C. driver2. — Lisa, could you help me buy some ______ on your way home? — OK, mom. (2021廣西河池) A. egg B. beef C. banana D. potatoCB3. — Thank you for the _____ you gave me. — I'm glad they're helpful. (2021遼寧丹東) A. suggestions B. advice C. news D. information4. Sandy really likes eating meat, but she doesn’t like eating _______. (2020四川廣元) A. breads B. vegetables C. chickensAB3.（甘肅武威)?根據(jù)句意，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。Too much sugar is bad for your __________( tooth).4.（湖南常德)語法填空J(rèn)ohn likes ______________ (strawberry) very much.5.（江蘇宿遷)根據(jù)句意或句子的語法要求，用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空?！?Can I help you, sir?— A box of __________ (tomato), please.teethstrawberriestomatoes不可數(shù)名詞物質(zhì)名詞一般是不可數(shù)名詞，它們所表示的事物不能用數(shù)來計(jì)數(shù)。如：rice, milk, yogurt, beef, …1.不可數(shù)名詞可以用much, a little , a bit of , some, any, a lot of/lots of等表示多少如：some tea一些茶,a little bread一點(diǎn)兒面包, much meat許多肉，a lot of water大量的水2.不可數(shù)名詞的具體數(shù)量可以用適當(dāng)?shù)牧吭~（由普通名詞充當(dāng)）作單位來表示，結(jié)構(gòu)為“數(shù)詞 + 量詞（普通名詞）+?of?+?不可數(shù)名詞”。常用的詞有cup(杯),glass(玻璃杯),bottle(瓶),piece(片)，bag（袋）等。其單復(fù)數(shù)變化就體現(xiàn)在量詞上。 a bottle of orange一瓶橙汁, two pieces of meat 兩塊肉 three bags of rice三袋米a bottle ofa can/tin ofa spoon of a cup/glass ofa bar ofa loaf ofa bag ofa drop ofFor countable nouns, you may need:中考鏈接1.（天水)There are many websites on the Internet and there ________ a lot of useful ________ on the websites.A.are; informations B. are; information C. is; information D. is; informations 2.語法填空A pair of shoes _______(be) under the bed . Two pieces of paper _______(be) on the desk.is?are?可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的辨析有些名詞既可以充當(dāng)可數(shù)名詞，也可以充當(dāng)不可數(shù)名詞，但是它們各自表達(dá)的意義有所不同?！净顚W(xué)活用】根據(jù)句意，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. The ________(apple) on the tree are red. 2. He likes ___________(vegetable), but I don’t like them.3. Here’s some ________(rice).4. How about ________(fish)? Do you like them?5. Look! There are five ________(egg) on the table. 6. Cindy doesn’t like eating ________(chicken), because she likes ________ (chicken). apples?vegetablesrice?fisheggs?chicken?chickens?1. How ( much /many) bananas do we need?2. How (much / many) sugar do we need?3. How ( much / many) bread do we need?4. How ( much / many) tomatoes do we need?5. How ( much /many) cheese do we need?3a:Circle the correct word in each question.糖奶酪Now let’s make popcorn.popcornWe want to make popcorn. We need ___________.cornpopcorn machinebowlsaltDo you like to eat popcorn?Let's make popcorn.popcornsaltpopcorn popperbowlcornWe need ___________.b. ________, put the corn into the popcorn machine.___ 1. __________ do you make popcorn?___ 2. __________ corn do we need?___ 3. __________ do we do next?___ 4. __________ salt do we need?___ 5. Now can we eat it?c. Yes, we can!a. Half a cup.d. Next, _____ on the machine. ________, add the salt.e. Just one spoon.adecbHowHow muchWhatHow muchFirstturnFinallyComplete the questions and answers. Then match them.First, ...Next, …Finally, …And you can eat it now. Do you know how to make popcorn? How to make popcorn?First, put the popcorn into the popcorn popper.Next, turn on the popper.Next, pour the popcorn into a bowl.Then, put（add） some salt on the popcorn.Finally, you can try(eat) it.3c:Write how to do one of the following things. Then tell your partner how to do it. 指導(dǎo)：1. 根據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)，將如何做這些事情的過程寫出來。2. 恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用first, next, then, finally等表示事情順序的詞匯, 讓你的描述更加清晰。plant a tree make beef noodles wash clothes take out a book from the libraryOutline提綱Steps步驟Topic 話題Beef and Tomato NoodlesIn Xiangyang, many people eat …Now, it’s time to enjoy…Ingredients原料First, cut…upNext, cook…Then, put...in…Finally, add…to…noodles, beef , tomatoes,salt…zxxkwBoil the noodles.Put the ingredients into the noodles.Add salt to the noodles.Eat the noodles.Cut up the tomatoes and beef.ExampleCan you make noodles with beef and tomatoes?First: Cut up beef. Next: Boil the noodles. Cook beef for at least 40 minutes.Then: Add the ingredients to the noodles. Finally: Add salt to the noodles.Beef andTomato Noodles In xiangyang, many people eat beef noodles for breakfast, and even for lunch and dinner. To make this special food, you need to have noodles, beef, tomatoes and some salt. First, cut up beef and tomatoes. Next, cook the noodles. Then, Put the beef and tomatoes in the noodles. Finally, Add some salt to the noodles. Now, it’s time to enjoy the beef and tomato noodles.Topic話題Dig a hole.Put the tree in the hole.Put the soil back into the hole.Water the tree.It’s OK now.Let’s learn how to plant trees.First: Put some water in a basin. Next: Put the dirty clothes into it and add some soap. Then: Wash for a while .Finally: Wash the clothes in clean water for another three times.Do you know how to wash clothes?一、根據(jù) 首字母及漢語提示，完成下列單詞的拼寫。1．There are twoh 　(洞) in the door.2．My father's factory has a big m 　(機(jī)器)．3．Please add some s 　(糖) to milk.4．We 　d 　(挖)a hole，then we can put a tree into the hole.5．How much s 　(鹽) do we need?oles achine ugar ig alt ExercisesC B 單項(xiàng)選擇。(　　)1.You can _____ some sugar _______ the water.A．a(chǎn)dd；/　　 B．a(chǎn)dd；with　　C．a(chǎn)dd；to　　 D．a(chǎn)dd up；to(　　)2.________ honey do you need?A．How many B．How much C．How often D．How longA (　　)3.—Do you know the latest information about The Silk Road?— I've no idea.Let's ______ the TV to watch the newsprogramme.A．turn on B．turn down C．turn up D．turn offD (　　)4.Boys and girls, ________ here at 8a．m.tomorrow.A．to come B．comesC．coming D．come完成句子, 每空一詞。1.?這個(gè)桶里有許多牛奶。 There _____ lots of ______ in the bucket.2.?桌上有兩碗米飯。 There _____ two ______ ____ _____ on the table.\?is milk?are bowls of rice?3. 請(qǐng)打開爆米花機(jī)。 ______ ______ the popcorn machine, please.4. 不要在這里挖洞。 ______ ______ a hole here.5. 你需要多少香蕉？ ______ ______ ________ do you need?Turn on Don’t dig How many bananas 1. You shouldn’t stay up late tonight. (改為祈使句) ________ ________ ________ late tonight. 2. I can help you with your English. (改為祈使句) ________ ________ help you with your English. 3. We need to buy two bags of salt. (對(duì)畫線部分提問) ________ ________ ________ do you need to buy? Don’tstayupLetmeHowmuchsalt 按要求完成句子，每空一詞。4. Dave bought three kilos of rice for us yesterday. (對(duì)畫線部分提問) ________ ________ ________ of rice did Dave buy for you yesterday?5. There is a tomato in the box. (用three代替a改寫句子) There ________ three ________ in the box.HowmanykilosaretomatoesHow to use “How many” and “How much”?_________ water do you put into the noodles? 2. __________ tomatoes does he put into salad?3.??_________ yogurt do we need? 4. __________ apples are there in the milk shake?How muchHow manyHow muchHow many_________ fish do you want?6.?__________ students are there in your classroom? 7. __________ cups of honey do you put in the salad? 8. __________ are your new shoes? 9. __________ do you know about Chinese history?How muchHow manyHow manyHow muchHow much

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