?人教版高中英語(yǔ)（2019）必修第一冊(cè)
Unit 4 Natural Disaster
一、詞匯
1、識(shí)記
disaster, tornado, drought, landslide, tsunami, flood, volcano, rescue, damage, destroy, evacuate, helicopter, death, affect, shelter, crack, percent, brick, metal, shock, electricity, trap, bury, breathe, revive, effort, unify, wisdom, context, suffer, hurricane, survive, power, pipe, whistle, emergency, calm, aid, crash, sweep, wave, strike, deliver, summary, length, *release, *deadly
2、詞形變化

destroy v. 毀滅，破壞
à destroyer n. 破壞者
destruction n. 毀滅，破壞
destructive adj. 毀滅性的，引起破壞的
affect vt. 影響，假裝，（感情上）深深打動(dòng)，使悲傷（或憐憫等）
à affection n. 假裝
affected adj. 假裝的，做作的
affecting adj. 深深打動(dòng)人的
affectively adv.
effect n. 影響
effective adj. 有效的
percent n. 百分之……
à percentage n. 百分比，百分率
shock vt. 感到震驚
à shocked adj. 感到震驚的
shocking adj. 令人震驚的
electricity n. 電
à electric/ electrical adj. 用電的，電動(dòng)的
electronic adj. 電子的
electronically adv.
electrically adv.
breathe v. 呼吸
à breath n. 呼吸
unify v. 同意，使成一體
à unification n.
wise adj. 明智的，充滿(mǎn)智慧的
à wisely adv.
wisdom n. 智慧，明智
suffer v. （因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦，受難，受折磨
à sufferer n. 受苦者，受難者
suffering n. 痛苦，苦難
sufferance n. 經(jīng)勉強(qiáng)同意，由于（某人的）寬容
power n. 能力，權(quán)力，能量 v. 驅(qū)動(dòng)，帶動(dòng)
à powerful adj. 有權(quán)勢(shì)的，有影響力的，強(qiáng)有力的
powerfully adv. 強(qiáng)有力地，激動(dòng)人心地
powerless adj. 無(wú)權(quán)的，無(wú)影響力的
powerlessness n.
survive v. 存貨，生存，幸免于難
à survival n. 存活，幸存，殘存物
survivor n. 幸存者
emergency n. 突發(fā)事件，緊急情況
à emergent adj. 新興的，處于發(fā)展初期的
sum n. 總數(shù)，（數(shù)字的）簡(jiǎn)單計(jì)算 v. 總結(jié)，概括
à summary n. 總結(jié)，概括，概要 adj. 總結(jié)性的，概要的
summarily adv.
summarize vt. 總結(jié)，概括，概述
length n. 長(zhǎng)度
à long adj. 長(zhǎng)的，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的，長(zhǎng)久的，長(zhǎng)期的 adv. 長(zhǎng)期地
lengthen v. （使）邊長(zhǎng)

3、應(yīng)用

1. 辨析：damage, destroy, ruin, break, spoil
這些動(dòng)詞均有“破壞，損壞”之意。
break：普通用詞，指某物因被打破或撕破而受到破壞，可指有形或無(wú)形的破壞。
destroy：多指徹底地、毀滅性地破壞，含導(dǎo)致無(wú)用、不能或很難再修復(fù)的意味?？捎糜诒扔饕饬x。
ruin：多指因外部原因而受到嚴(yán)重破壞或毀滅，或因長(zhǎng)期不用而荒廢，側(cè)重破壞的徹底性，也可用于引申意義。
wreck：側(cè)重指船只、車(chē)輛、房屋等受到嚴(yán)重破壞或完全毀壞，也可指計(jì)劃、健康受到損害。
damage：多指對(duì)無(wú)生命物體的損害，造成降低價(jià)值、破壞功能等后果。
spoil：強(qiáng)調(diào)不僅會(huì)削弱力量、精力或價(jià)值，而且會(huì)導(dǎo)致不可避免的毀滅。還可以理解為“寵溺、寵壞了”。
(2013遼寧，23) The accident caused some ______ to my car, but it’s nothing.
A. harm B. injury C. ruin D. damage
2. 辨析：survive, save, rescue
rescue：多指營(yíng)救某人脫離緊迫的危險(xiǎn)。
save：含義廣泛，既可指營(yíng)救某人使脫離危險(xiǎn)，也可指精神或道德上的拯救。
survive: 不及物動(dòng)詞，“幸存，幸免于難”。
3. suffer v.（因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等）受苦、受累、受折磨；遭受，蒙受
suffer from sth. | suffer for sth.
Many company are suffering from a shortage of skilled staff.
許多公司苦于缺乏熟練員工。
The company suffered huge losses in the financial year.
公司在上一財(cái)政年度出現(xiàn)巨額虧損。
拓展：
sufferance n.
on sufferance 經(jīng)勉強(qiáng)同意，由于（某人的）寬容
He’s only staying here on sufferance.
他是經(jīng)人面前同意待在這兒的。
sufferer n.患病者，受苦者，受難者
She received many letters of support from fellow sufferers.
許多和她有共同遭遇的人給她來(lái)信，對(duì)她表示支持。
suffering Un. 疼痛，痛苦，折磨，苦難
Death finally brought an end to her suffering.
死亡終于結(jié)束了她的痛苦。
(sufferings)痛苦，苦惱
The hospice aims to ease the sufferings of the dying.
臨終關(guān)懷醫(yī)院旨在減輕臨終者的痛苦。

二、閱讀
I 課文詞塊翻譯
rise and fall
jump out of water
cause damage
tens of thousands of
with strong support from the government
rebuild for a brighter future
II 課文解構(gòu)

1 during 2 water 3 lights 4 shake 5 survivors
III 判斷正誤(T/F) TFTFF
1. When the Tangshan earthquake took place, most people didn’t notice it.
2. Two thirds of the people living in Tangshan were killed in the earthquake.
3. It was hard for survivors to be saved.
4. About 90 percent of the city’s factories and buildings were destroyed and gone.
5. The city of Tangshan has revived itself without the government’s support.
IV 表格填空
Warning signs before the earthquake
Strange things were happening.
l There were 1. ______that appeared in the well walls.
l Animals behaved abnormally.
l At later night, bright lights were seen in the sly outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard while the city’s one million people were 2. ______ that night.
Damages caused by the earthquake
At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were 3. ______! In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins. 4. ______ people who were killed or badly injured in the quake was more than 40, 000.
Nearly everything in the city was 5. ______, including factories, buildings, hospitals and almost all traffic facilities were unavailable. People were 6. ______. Water, food, and electricity were hard to get.
Rescue and rebuilding after the earthquake
Soon after the quakes, 150, 000 soldiers were sent there to dig out those who were trapped and to 7. ______. 10, 000 doctors and nurses came to provide medical care. Workers built shelters for 8. ______ whose homes had been destroyed.
The city started to revive itself and get back up 9. ______. With strong support from the government and the 10. ______ of the city’s people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
1 deep cracks 2 asleep as usual 3 coming to an end 4 The number of 5 destroyed 6 in shock 7 bury the dead 8 survivors 9 on its feet 10 tireless efforts
V 根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容選擇正確答案BCCB
1. What does the first paragraph mainly talk about?
A. Animals’ activities before the earthquake.
B. Warnign signs before the earthquake.
C. Detailed descriptions of the earthquake.
D. Natural phenomena during the earthquake.
2. Which of the following statements is right?
A. Half of the nation felt the Tangshan earthquake.
B. One third of the people in Tangshan were dead or injured.
C. The Tangshan earthquake took place when people were sleeping.
D. The Tangshan earthquake also caused serious damage to Beijing.
3. Which of the following was NOT mentioned in Paragragph 3?
A. Buildings were destroyed badly.
B. Transports were cut off.
C. Rivers were filled with dirt and sands.
D. Water, food and electricity were difficult to get.
4. What should we do in times of disaster according to the last paragraph?
A. Get back up on our own feet only.
B. Unify and be positive.
C. Wait for outside rescue.
D. Move to other places to rebuild homes.
VI 課文語(yǔ)法填空
Strange things were happening in the countryside of northeastern Hebei. At about 3:00 a.m. on 28 July 1976, bright lights 1. ______ (see) in the sky outside the city of Tangshan and loud noises were heard. But the city’s one million people were 2. ______ (sleep) as usual that night. At 3:42 a.m., everything began to shake. It seemed as if the world were coming to 3. ______ end! In less than one minute, a large city 4. ______ (lie) in ruins. Two thirds of the people who lived there were dead or 5. ______ (injure). Everywhere survivors looked, there was nothing 6. ______ ruins. Nearly everything in the city was destroyed. But soon 7. ______the quake, many soldiers and doctors were sent to Tangshan to help those 8. ______ were trapped and lost homes. Slowly, the city began 9. ______ (breathe) again. The city began to revive itself and get back up 10. ______ its feet.
1 were seen 2 asleep/sleeping 3 an 4 lay 5 injured 6 but 7 after 8 who 9 to breathe 10 on
三、語(yǔ)法
（一）語(yǔ)音
清輔音和濁輔音
（二）限制性定語(yǔ)從句：關(guān)系代詞
一、定語(yǔ)從句的定語(yǔ)及分類(lèi)
（什么樣的從句是定語(yǔ)從句？定語(yǔ)從句有哪幾類(lèi)？如何區(qū)分？）
教學(xué)目標(biāo)：通過(guò)定語(yǔ)，引入定語(yǔ)從句的定義，要求學(xué)生：
①理解定語(yǔ)從句的定義；②明白掌握定語(yǔ)從句定義的用處，并學(xué)會(huì)判別一個(gè)從句是否為定語(yǔ)從句。

定語(yǔ)
定語(yǔ)從句
定義
什么是定語(yǔ)？
（1）對(duì)名詞起描繪、修飾、限定作用的結(jié)構(gòu)。
（2）（完整版）放在一個(gè)名詞前或名詞后，對(duì)該名詞起描繪、修飾、限定作用的結(jié)構(gòu)。
（被修飾的名詞，叫名次中心詞）
什么是定語(yǔ)從句？
（1）作定語(yǔ)的從句，叫定語(yǔ)從句。
（2）（完整版）放在先行詞（名詞、代詞、或一句話）后面，對(duì)該先行詞起描繪、修飾、限定作用的從句，叫定語(yǔ)從句。
（被修飾的名詞、代詞或一句話，叫先行詞）
（3）放在先行詞后，起描繪、修飾、限定作用的從句，叫定語(yǔ)從句。
詞性
定語(yǔ)，一般由形容詞來(lái)充當(dāng)。
（名詞、地點(diǎn)副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也可以修飾名詞，充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)）
a good book （形容詞）
the people present （地點(diǎn)副詞）
the boy in the classroom （介詞短語(yǔ)）
falling leaves （非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 –ing分詞）
fallen leaves （非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 –ed分詞）
leaves fallen to the ground（非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 –ed分詞）
the coming day（非謂語(yǔ)，-ing分詞）
the day to come（非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，-to do不定式）
定語(yǔ)從句又被叫做形容詞性從句。
位置
根據(jù)定語(yǔ)與被修飾名詞之間的先后順序，分為：
（1）前置定語(yǔ)：
a good book
falling leaves
fallen leaves
the coming day
（2）后置定語(yǔ)：
the people present
the boy in the classroom
the day to come
leaves fallen to the ground
leaves, fallen to the ground
根據(jù)定語(yǔ)從句的定義，可知：定語(yǔ)從句一般要放在被修飾的先行詞的后面：
The book that/ which he bought yesterday is interesting.
先行詞（名詞） 定語(yǔ)從句
There was nobody who she could turn to for help.
先行詞（代詞） 定語(yǔ)從句
He always sings highly of his part in the project(,) which makes others unhappy.
先行詞（一句話） 定語(yǔ)從句
特例：
as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以放在句首。
As we know, the earth goes around the sun.
分類(lèi)
限制性定語(yǔ)：
a good book lling leaves
fallen leaves the coming day
the people present
the boy in the classroom
leaves fallen to the ground
the day to come
非限制性定語(yǔ)
leaves, fallen to the ground
限制性定語(yǔ)從句
The book that/ which he bought yesterday is interesting.
She has a sister who is a lawyer.

非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
The book, that/ which he bought yesterday is interesting.
She has a sister, who is a lawyer.
13.2.1陳述定語(yǔ)從句的定義，并找出下列劃線部分中的定語(yǔ)從句。
1. I don’t’ know who he is.
2. Do you know that he is going to Beijing tomorrow?
3. It’s said that he is a scientist.
4. It’s in this factory that he once worked.
5. This is the factory where he once worked.
6. He is the man that we’re looking for.
7. We’ll never forget the days we spent together.
8. I have no idea when he will arrive.
9. What he said is puzzling.
10. It’s where you lived.
11. Where there is a will, there is a way.
12. As he is ill, he can’t go to school today.
13. As we all know, the earth goes around the sun.
14. He went to the station early in order that he could catch the early train.
二、定語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)詞（即：先行詞）的分類(lèi)、句法功能（即：關(guān)系詞在句子中所作的成分）
（關(guān)系詞分哪幾類(lèi)？關(guān)系詞在從句中可以作什么成分？）
教學(xué)目標(biāo)：通過(guò)特殊疑問(wèn)詞，引入定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞，要求學(xué)生：
①理解關(guān)系代詞、關(guān)系副詞的作用；②借助關(guān)系代詞的十句話，以及兩組關(guān)系，達(dá)到數(shù)量判斷、正確選用核實(shí)的關(guān)系詞。③兩組關(guān)系為：1）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞個(gè)數(shù)—1=連詞個(gè)數(shù)；2）看從句中少不少成分。
④關(guān)系代詞的十句話：
l 只用that不用which的三句話：
u （定語(yǔ)從句中），先行詞既指人又指物；
u 先行詞由指物的復(fù)合不定代詞充當(dāng)；
u 先行詞前有序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)、the very, the only, the last以及some, any,no等數(shù)量限定詞修飾。
l 只用which不用that的三句話
u 先行詞由一句話充當(dāng)；
u 先行詞指物的非限制行定語(yǔ)從句；
u 先行詞指物，關(guān)系詞前有介詞。
l 只能用who/whom不能用that的三句話：
u 先行詞由指人的復(fù)合不定代詞充當(dāng)；
u 先行詞指人的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句；
u 先行詞指人，關(guān)系詞前有介詞。
l 只用as的一句話：
u 先行詞前有the same, as, so, such修飾。
總結(jié)以上10句話，可以得出下面的結(jié)論：
在選擇定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞時(shí)，我們只用看三點(diǎn)就可以啦：
①先行詞由誰(shuí)來(lái)充當(dāng)；
②先行詞由誰(shuí)來(lái)修飾；
③關(guān)系詞前有無(wú)逗號(hào)或介詞。
特殊疑問(wèn)詞
關(guān)系詞
1、疑問(wèn)代詞——在句中作主、賓、表、定
Who are you? 表語(yǔ)
What are you doing? 賓語(yǔ)
Who(m) are you looking for? 賓語(yǔ)
Which do you like best? 賓語(yǔ)
Who broke the window? 主語(yǔ)
Whose book is this? 定語(yǔ)
1、關(guān)系代詞——
①conj. 連接主從句；②在從句中作主、賓、表、定
This is the book which/that I bought yesterday. 賓語(yǔ)
This is the man who is Tom. 主語(yǔ)
This is the man that/who/whom I am looking for.賓語(yǔ)
The man whose leg is broken is Tom. 定語(yǔ)
2、疑問(wèn)副詞——在句中作狀語(yǔ)
When will you leave? 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
Where do you live? 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
Why are you late again? 原因狀語(yǔ)
How do you go to school every day? 方式狀語(yǔ)
2、關(guān)系副詞——
①conj. 連接主從句；②在從句中作狀語(yǔ)
The days when we lived there are unforgettable. 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
This is the factory where we once worked. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
We don’t believe the reasons why he was absent. 原因狀語(yǔ)
注意：how不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
題解題做

關(guān)系代詞——
①conj. 連接主從句；②在從句中作主、賓、表、定
which 指物、一句話 主、賓、表
that 指人、物 主、賓、表
who 指人 主、賓、表
whom 指人 賓、表
as 指人、物、一句話 主、賓、表
知識(shí)點(diǎn)學(xué)習(xí)
whose 指人、物 定





關(guān)系副詞——
①conj. 連接主從句；②在從句中作狀語(yǔ)
when 先行詞指時(shí)間 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
where 先行詞指地點(diǎn) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
why 先行詞指原因 原因狀語(yǔ)

結(jié)題三大步：
1、看謂語(yǔ)個(gè)數(shù)與連詞個(gè)數(shù)
à是否存在從句？
2、是否是定語(yǔ)從句？
2、從句中少不少成分
à用關(guān)系代詞？還是用關(guān)系副詞？
先行詞指人？指物？指時(shí)間？指地點(diǎn)？指原因？有無(wú)特殊情況存在？







三、 關(guān)系代詞的正確選用（方法：看從句中少不少成分+先行詞后移）
（如何正確地選用合適的關(guān)系詞？）


四、定語(yǔ)從句解題思路分解
第一步、是否為定語(yǔ)從句
2 不是定語(yǔ)從句à按相應(yīng)從句的方法、步驟解題。
2 是定語(yǔ)從句à按下列方法、步驟結(jié)題。
第二步、從句中是否缺少成分（主賓表定）
2 不少成分à應(yīng)選用關(guān)系副詞
2 先行詞指時(shí)間à關(guān)系副詞選用when;
2 先行詞指地點(diǎn)à關(guān)系副詞選用where;
2 先行詞指原因à關(guān)系副詞選用why。
2 少成分（定語(yǔ)）à關(guān)系代詞選用whose;
2 少成分（主賓表）à按照以下步驟進(jìn)行選擇關(guān)系代詞：
第三步、先行詞指人還是指物
2 先行詞既指人又指物à關(guān)系詞選用that
2 先行詞指人à關(guān)系詞選用that, who, whom
2 先行詞指物à關(guān)系詞選用that, which
第四步、限制性定語(yǔ)從句還是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
That不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
第五步、是否有特殊情況
2 先行詞既指人又指物à關(guān)系詞選用that
2 先行詞由指物的不定代詞(everything, something, nothing, those, all…)充當(dāng)à關(guān)系詞選用that
2 先行詞前有序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)，以及the very ,the only修飾à關(guān)系詞選用that
2 先行詞由指人的不定代詞(somebody, anybody, everybody, someone, anyone, everyone, those, all…)充當(dāng)à關(guān)系詞選用who或whom
2 先行詞指人，關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)à關(guān)系詞選用whom
2 先行詞指人的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句à關(guān)系詞選用who或whom
2 先行詞由一句話充當(dāng)à關(guān)系詞選用which
2 先行詞指物，關(guān)系詞前有介詞時(shí)à關(guān)系詞選用which
2 先行詞指物的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句à關(guān)系詞選用which
2 先行詞前有the same, as, so, such修飾時(shí)à關(guān)系詞選用as
第六步、檢驗(yàn)……先行詞后移
注意：區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句與主語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句
五、寫(xiě)作——新聞報(bào)道小結(jié)
寫(xiě)作儲(chǔ)備
閱讀教材P.55Summary，提煉概要寫(xiě)作的寫(xiě)作方法。
I. 文體特點(diǎn)
概要寫(xiě)作具備說(shuō)明重點(diǎn)和簡(jiǎn)短這兩個(gè)特點(diǎn)。要求考生能夠抓住原文的關(guān)鍵信息，抓住文章的主旨大意，并用高尖端凝練的語(yǔ)言將其概括表達(dá)出來(lái)。
II. 寫(xiě)作四部曲
1. 確定體裁，明確主題和結(jié)構(gòu)。
體裁
結(jié)構(gòu)
記敘文
人物+時(shí)間+地點(diǎn)+事件（起因+發(fā)展+結(jié)果）
說(shuō)明文
事物的性質(zhì)功能：對(duì)象+性質(zhì)功能+利好
問(wèn)題的解決方法和措施：文體+解決方法
現(xiàn)象類(lèi)：現(xiàn)象+原因+結(jié)果
議論文
主題+補(bǔ)充論據(jù)+（結(jié)論
2. 確定主題句，找關(guān)鍵信息
劃出每一段的主題句，抓住關(guān)鍵信息，忽略次要信息。
3.改寫(xiě)關(guān)鍵信息，的出要點(diǎn)。
使用意義相同或相近的單詞、短語(yǔ)或句式，或使用不同的句子結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)同一意思，如：改變時(shí)態(tài)、肯定變否定等，避免抄襲原文句子。
4.添加連接詞，使行文連貫。
要牢記各段落要點(diǎn)之間的邏輯關(guān)系和自然銜接，用恰當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)聯(lián)詞去連貫全文。常用的關(guān)聯(lián)詞有：however, besides, in addition, therefore, instead等。
典例剖析
（2018年11月份浙江高考）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。
It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same. Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms, classrooms and athletic equipment and, of course, the students. It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses, and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away. But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life, and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one.
There’s no excuse not to vusit the schools in your local area. In fact, a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus, and obviously, if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possiblility, but if you live nearby, go check it out!
If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some timebetqeen applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the school you’d like to attend. It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don’t like about certain campuses, things that you wouldn’t know uless you actually visit.
Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive. It’s a chance to chat online with admissions officers, students, and college counselors (顧問(wèn)), and it won’t cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at CollegeWeekLive. com. While visiting an online college fair dcan’t take the place of an actual campus visit, it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you’d like to attend.
審題謀篇
1、定框架—— 好的開(kāi)始，成功的一半
體裁
議論文
主題
探訪申請(qǐng)大學(xué)
框架
主題+補(bǔ)充論據(jù)1、2、3
2、劃主題句，找關(guān)鍵信息à 打造一篇要點(diǎn)全面、用詞準(zhǔn)確的極優(yōu)作文
Para. 1
主題句：It is a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same.
關(guān)鍵信息：a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply
Para. 2
主題句：There’s no exscuse not to visit the schools in you rlocal area.
關(guān)鍵信息：visit the schools in your local area
Para. 3
主題句：If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply, at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend.
關(guān)鍵信息：at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend.
Para. 4
主題句：Now, if time and money are making it impossible, then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.
關(guān)鍵信息：check out the online fairs
3、詞匯、句式升級(jí)——?jiǎng)?chuàng)造極優(yōu)作文的倩詞靚句
Para. 1
1. 寫(xiě)出下列詞語(yǔ)的同義詞
（1）good ideaàworthwhile
（2）visitàpay a visit to
2. 改寫(xiě)關(guān)鍵信息
It’s really worthwhile to pay a visit to your desired colleges personally before applying.
Para. 2
1.將后置定語(yǔ)改為前置定語(yǔ)
The school in your local area à your local colleges
2. 改寫(xiě)關(guān)鍵信息
Undoubtedly, you should visit your local colleges.
Para. 3
1. 寫(xiě)出下列詞語(yǔ)的同義表達(dá)
（1）at the very leastàat least
（2）would like to attendà want to go
2.改寫(xiě)關(guān)鍵信息
At least, you should visit the school you want to go to.
Para. 4
1.同義轉(zhuǎn)換
（1）if time and money are making it impossible … à if you are short of time and money
（2）check out of the online college fairs à visit the online college fairs
2.改寫(xiě)關(guān)鍵信息
It you are short of time and money, visiting the online college faris is a good alternative to help you better understand schools.
IV 添加連接詞，組建極優(yōu)作文à水到渠成的成就感：動(dòng)力的源泉
即學(xué)即練
It’s really worthwhile to pay a visit to your desired colleges personally before applying. Undoubtedly, you should visit your local colleges. At least, you should visit the school you want ot go to and know its real conditions in advance. If you are short of time and money, visiting the online college fairs is a good alternative to help you better understand schools.
閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫(xiě)一篇60詞左右的概要。
We shouldn’t judge a person by his appearance but we do. In fact, the experts say that when we meet someone for the first time we make a decision about what that person is like in three seconds. But what do we look at? One of the most important things is clothes, but it isn’t the brand of clothes that people wear that is important. The important thing is to wear the right clothes for the occasion.
Schools have always understood this and a lot of them ask their students to wear a uniform. Why? A lot of teachers think a uniform makes students feel that they are part of their school and that their uniform helps them to be srious abot their studies. Teachres say that uniforms can help in other ways too. If all the students wear uniforms, they can’t judge each other because of their clothes. It also voids arguments about who or what is fashionable.
Howeve, it is not only schools that want people to dress in a certain way. We all have fixed ideas about what the people in a certain profession should wear. If we visit a doctor, we expect to see respectable clothes under the doctor’s white coat. When we go into a bank we expect the staff to wear suits or dresses. Police officers wear uniforms to deter crime by establishing visible presence while on patrol, to make themselves easily identifiable to non-police officers or their colleagues who requie assistance, and to quickly identify each other at crime acenes for ease of coordination. In fact, a lot of companies have dress codes for their staff because they know that the customers expect to see them dressed in certain types of clothes.
But can our clothes really tell people what we are like? Maybe not, but they can show our attitude to what we are doing at the moment. When peole see us in the right clothes, they think we are serious about what we are doing. Furthermore, if we are clean, smart and polite, people will have confidence in us.
Wearing proper clothes is important for first impressions. （要點(diǎn)1）For example, schools ask studetns to wear a uniform because it benefits them in various ways, such as being seriour about their study. （要點(diǎn)2）Besides schools, other places, like hospitals, banks, police stations and some companies also want their staff to dress in uniforms because of convenience. （要點(diǎn)3） Inconclusion, our clothes can show our attitude and win trust from others. （要點(diǎn)4）

定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總
1、（定語(yǔ)從句的定義）放在先行詞后起修飾限定作用的從句。
①先行詞由名詞或代詞充當(dāng)。
②名詞或代詞后的從句往往是定語(yǔ)從句。
③定語(yǔ)從前必定有名詞或代詞充當(dāng)先行詞。
2、定語(yǔ)從句分為限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。形式上的區(qū)別在于關(guān)系詞前有無(wú)逗號(hào)與先行詞隔開(kāi)。
3、實(shí)際做題中，若從句引導(dǎo)詞前有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)，且之前有名詞或代詞，則此從句往往是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
4、定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞分為關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。
5、關(guān)系代詞有which, that, who, whom, whose, 其中，指人的有who(m)，that，whose；指物的有that，which，whose。
6、關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。
7、關(guān)系副詞有when，where，why。
8、關(guān)系副詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)，when作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，where作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，why作原因狀語(yǔ)。
9、when引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是指時(shí)間的名詞或代詞。
where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是指地點(diǎn)的名詞或代詞。
why引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是指原因的名詞或代詞。
10、what，how，whether，if不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
11、先行詞由既指人又指物的名詞或代詞充當(dāng)，且從句中缺少成分時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞只能用that。
12、先行詞由既指物的復(fù)合不定代詞充當(dāng)，且從句中缺少成分時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞只能用that。
13、先行詞由最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞，the very, the only, the last以及some, any, few, little, no等數(shù)量詞修飾，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞只能用that。
14、先行詞指物，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用which。
15、先行詞由一句話充當(dāng)?shù)亩ㄕZ(yǔ)從句用which引導(dǎo)。
16、先行詞指物，且關(guān)系詞前有介詞的定語(yǔ)從句用which引導(dǎo)。
17、先行詞指人，且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞用who(m)。
18、先行詞由既指人的復(fù)合不定代詞充當(dāng)時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞只能用who(m)。
19、先行詞指人，且關(guān)系詞前有介詞的定語(yǔ)從句用whom引導(dǎo)。
20、選擇關(guān)系詞時(shí)，要留意以下三點(diǎn)：
①先行詞由誰(shuí)來(lái)充當(dāng)。
②先行詞由誰(shuí)來(lái)修飾。
③關(guān)系詞前有無(wú)逗號(hào)或介詞。
21、that、why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。
22、that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，前不出現(xiàn)介詞。
23、當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句以前面沒(méi)有限定詞的名詞開(kāi)始（該名詞往往作主語(yǔ)），且與先行詞之間有所屬關(guān)系，關(guān)系詞往往是whose。
24、whose n.= the n. of which/whom或of whom/which the n.。
25、關(guān)系副詞可替換為介詞+which。
26、解答定語(yǔ)從句，尤其判斷有無(wú)介詞或需要什么介詞的題目時(shí)，比較有效的方式就是先行詞后移。
①后移的是充當(dāng)先行詞的名詞或代詞，不包含其前的介詞。
②后移是指將先行詞后移到從句中組成一句話，看新句子中是否缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。
27、關(guān)系代詞代替先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，從句謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)由先行詞來(lái)決定。
There are ten people who like sports.
This is the man who likes sports.
28、定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞由最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用完成時(shí)態(tài)。
This is/was the first time that I have/ had been here.
This is/was the best film that I have/ had ever seen.
29、定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞被one of修飾時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
He is one of the students who like sports.
定語(yǔ)從句先行詞為the (only) one時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。
He is (the) only one of the students who likes sports.
30、做從句題目時(shí)，一定要分析謂語(yǔ)個(gè)數(shù)與連接詞個(gè)數(shù)之間的平衡。
31、做從句題目時(shí)，一定要分析從句中是否缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。
32、注意問(wèn)題、考查方式及對(duì)策。
①定語(yǔ)從句的定義。
②成分重復(fù)或殘缺。（先行詞后移）
③區(qū)分引導(dǎo)詞that, what。
④區(qū)分并列句與定語(yǔ)從句。（連詞個(gè)數(shù)與謂語(yǔ)個(gè)數(shù)）
⑤介詞+which/whom。（先行詞后移）
⑥拆動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。（牢記常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）
⑦與其他從句的混合考查。（牢記各類(lèi)從句的定義；看從句中少不少成分）
33、way作定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞時(shí)，關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)或從句中不少成分時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞為in which/that/省略。
34、先行詞前有the same, as, such, so修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用as。
35、在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的關(guān)系代詞可以省略。
36、以case, situation, position, imagination等名詞充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，且從句中不缺少成分時(shí)，從句的引導(dǎo)詞選用where或介詞+which。
37、以occasion充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，且從句中不缺少成分時(shí)，從句的引導(dǎo)詞選用when或介詞+which。
38、以point充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞，且從句中不缺少成分時(shí)，要根據(jù)point在從句中具體的意思來(lái)判斷從句的引導(dǎo)詞選用when和介詞+which，或是where和介詞+which。
39、若定語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一樣，則從句可以省略為to do形式。
I have saved quite a lot of money with which I’d like to buy a new car for myself.
=I have saved quite a lot of money with which to buy a new car for myself.

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高中英語(yǔ)人教版 (2019)必修 第一冊(cè)電子課本

Unit 4 Natural disasters

版本： 人教版 (2019)

年級(jí)： 必修 第一冊(cè)

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