定語從句（一）


（一）---關(guān)系代詞的用法


在復(fù)合句中, 修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。定語從句通常由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系 副詞引導(dǎo)，說明事物的具體信息，從句位于被修飾詞之后 。被定語從句修飾的詞叫先行詞, 引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞指代先行詞，并在定語從句中充當(dāng)成分。關(guān)系詞有兩種: 關(guān)系代詞wh, whm ,whse, that, which, as和關(guān)系副詞when, where, why。


根據(jù)定語從句與先行詞的關(guān)系，可將定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。一般說來，限制性定語從句是整個(gè)句子不可缺少的部分，如果省略會(huì)影響全句的主要意思，這種定語從句前面不用逗號(hào)隔開；而非限制性定語從句的作用是對(duì)所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說明, 通常和主句用逗號(hào)隔開, 將從句去掉后句子的意思仍然完整，譯成漢語時(shí), 從句常單獨(dú)譯成一句話，除了that和why不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，其他關(guān)系詞的用法和限制性定語從句關(guān)系詞的用法相同。


關(guān)系代詞的用法


一．判斷定語從句的關(guān)系代詞的方法：


如果名詞或代詞后有一個(gè)句子，并且該名詞或代詞在句子中充當(dāng)成分，則該句子就是定語從句。主要按照以下三步來判斷：


1.找準(zhǔn)先行詞（定語從句前的名詞或代詞）。


2.把先行詞還原到定語從句中，看充當(dāng)什么成分。


3.根據(jù)先行詞在定語從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞忠约熬湟鈦磉x用適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞。


如果先行詞在從句中作主語，賓語，定語，表語，則用關(guān)系代詞，關(guān)系代詞主要有wh, whm ,whse, that, which, as。


二．關(guān)系代詞的基本用法





三．關(guān)系代詞易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)：





三．易混的關(guān)系代詞辨析：


（一）that 和 which





（二）which和 as（引導(dǎo)非限制定語從句，指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容）





四．a(chǎn)s引導(dǎo)的定語從句的用法


（一）as引導(dǎo)的定語從句





（二）易混句式辨析


1. such/ s…as…和such/ s…that…





2. the same…as…和the same…that…








課堂練習(xí)


一．名言背誦


1.He wh wuld climb the ladder must begin at the bttm. 千里之行,始于足下。


2.He laughs best wh laughs last. 誰笑到最后,誰笑得最美。


3.Nthing is t difficult t the man wh will try. 世上無難事,只要肯登攀。


4.Gd helps thse wh help themselves. 自助者天助之。


5.Nt all that glitters is gld. 閃光的不都是金子。





二．用正確的關(guān)系代詞填空


1. The trees ________ stand by the river were planted by us.


2. She never gives in t thse ________ have mney.


3. This is the best film ________ has been shwn s far in the city.


4. February is the nly mnth ________ has fewer than 30 days.


5. My sn made ntes f everything ________ he read.


6. Yesterday I met the teacher ________ nce taught us maths.


7. Will yu shw me the girl ________ name is Wei Fang?


8. The tall girl ________ is standing there is a friend f my elder sister’s.


9.The freigner _____ visited ur class yesterday is frm Canada.


10 Please pass me the bk _____is lying n the table.


11. ---- Class, yu shuld be thankful t thse peple _______ helped and supprted yu.


---- We will. Miss Chen.


12. ----Is this the new dictinary_______ yu gt yesterday?


----Yes. Nw it's very cnvenient fr me t lk up wrds.


13.--D yu knw the student _______gt an A in the English exam?


---Of curse. She is my deskmate, Li Hng


14. I really like the family pht _____ we tk n my grandpa’s 80th birthday.


15. My grandparents like stries ________ endings are happy.


16.Yuan Lngping is a Chinese rice scientist _____ is leading a search t develp “sea rice”.


17.The teacher _______I like best ften encurages me t fight fr my dream.


18. Jack likes being with the classmates __________are utging and kind.


19. A kind f shared bike _____is called bluegg is getting mre and mre ppular in Chengdu.


20. Tu Yuyu is the wman _______ used the plant’s special pwer t save millins f lives.


21.His parents wuldn't let him marry anyne _____ family was pr.


22.It is the third time that she has wn the race, ____ has surprised us all.


23.Can yu remember the scientist and his thery _____ we have learned?


24.Until nw, we have raised 50, 000 punds fr the pr children, _____ is quite unexpected.


25. _____ is reprted , the number f smkers has drpped by 17 percent in just ne year.


26. Yesterday Mr. Green went t his hmetwn and visited the ld huse in ______ he was brn.


27. The man, frm______ I learned the news, is an engineer.


28. — D yu like the weekly talk shw The Readers n CCTV?


— Sure．It’ s a great TV prgram ______ purpse is t bring the habit f reading back int the public.


29. Children ______ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.


30. After graduating frm cllege, I tk sme time ff t g travelling, turned ut t be a wise decisin.





三．單項(xiàng)選擇


1.----Qingda is the mst beautiful city ____ I’ve ever been t.


----S it is. Many internatinal meetings are held there every year.


A. that B. which C. what


2.----Have yu watched the play “In the name f Peple” ?


---It’s the mst ppular play ______ur Party’s trying t struggle against crruptin（腐敗）.


A. where; shw B. which ;shw C. that ;shws D. wh ;shws


3.We are talking abut the pian and the pianist ______were in the cncert last night.


A. that B. which C. wh D. whm


4.一CCTV has prduced a TV shw-Chinese Petry Cmpetitin. Have yu seen it?


一Sure. Wu Yishu, 16, _____studies at the High Schl Affiliated t Fudan, is the winner.


A. which B. where C. wh D. whm


5. Accrding t a survey, peple _______ are able t speak tw languages can manage tw things at the same time mre easily.


A. whichB. whm C. whseD. wh


6.She ften parks her car near the huse ______ she can easily get t.


A. where B. whC. which D. what


7.We shuld lk up t thse scientists sent Tianzhu-1 Carg Spaceship t space.


A. which B. wh C. what


8. I’d like t tell yu abut the table manners ________ yu shuld knw when yu visit France.


A. which B. wh C. what D. hw


9.Rald Dahl was a great children’s writer. His dark past helped him paint a picture was different t mst ther writers.


A. that B. wh C. / D. whm


10. —What kind f mvies d yu prefer?


—I prefer the mvies ________ me smething t think abut.


A. which give B. that gives C. that gives D. wh gives


11. She is the girl ________ brther is studying abrad .


A. that B. wh C. whse D. whm


12. Everyne ______ is a server knws that custmers always cme first.


A. whm B. what C. wh D. which


13. --Only Yu is a TV prgram __is ppular with mst yung peple.--Yes, it is definitely true.


A. thatB. whseC. whatD. wh


14. Yu are talented yung adults______ full f hpe fr the future.


A. wh; isB. whm; isC. whm; areD. wh; are


15. This is a heartwarming stry abut a by_____ saved his mther's life.


A. which B. wh C. whse D. whm


16. I’ve becme gd friends with several f the students in my schl _______ I met in the English speech cntest last year.


A. wh B. where C. when D. which


17. Many children, parents are wrking in big cities, are taken gd care f in the village．


A. their B. whse C. them D. whm


18. As a child, Jack studied in a village schl, ______ is named after his grandfather.


A. which B. where C. what D. that


19. His mvie wn several awards at the film festival, was beynd his wildest dream.


A. whichB. thatC. whereD. it


20. She is ne f the teachers _________ much teaching experience.


A. wh; has B. wh; have C. whm; has D. whm; have


答案：


二．1.that/which 2.wh 3.that 4.that 5.that 6.wh/that 7.whse 8.wh/that


9.wh /that 10. which/that 11. wh 12. that/which 13. wh/that 14. that/which 15. whse


16. wh/that 17. wh/whm/that 18. wh/that 19. that/which 20. wh/that 21. whse 22.which 23. that 24. which 25. As 26.which 27. whm 28.whse 29. whse 30. which


三．1-5 ACACD 6-10 CBAAA 11-15 CCADB 16-20 ABAAB





主題寫作--自然災(zāi)害


應(yīng)用文寫作 (滿分15分)


假定你是李華，你校英語報(bào)社將舉辦主題為自然災(zāi)害的征文活動(dòng)。請(qǐng)你給英國朋友 Alice寫一封郵件，邀請(qǐng)她參加。內(nèi)容包括：


說明緣由；


請(qǐng)她介紹美國的自然災(zāi)害并談?wù)動(dòng)绊憽?yīng)對(duì)措施等；


告知征文的截稿日期。


注意：1. 詞數(shù)80左右； 2. 開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。


Dear Alice,


Our schl English paper will hld an essay cmpetitin whse theme is Natural Disasters. I'd like t invite yu t take part in it.


It is well-knwn that many natural disasters happen every year in America, causing great damage. Yu can intrduce the main natural disasters, such as hurricanes and snwstrms and tell sme cmmn knwledge abut them. Fr example, yu can discuss hw they happen, what harm they may cause, and what yu can d in the face f disasters. The measures yu take may benefit us, as we als face many natural disasters.


The deadline is June 8th, 2019. Lking frward t yur article.


Yurs,


Li Hua


課后練習(xí)


語法填空


My name is Nra.I live in Mscw nw,but I was brn in Qingda.We 1. (mve) t Mscw fur years ag when my dad gt a new jb here.I didn’t want t leave China 2. I had a great life there.I had lts f friends and everyne gt alng well 3. each ther.We had fun 4. (swim) almst every day after schl.And the weather was always great.At first,I didn’t like the life in Mscw when we arrived.It was still winter, 5. the weather wasn’t very nice.It was 6. (real) cld and it snwed all the time.I didn’t have any friends.I felt sad and 7. (lne) and wanted t g back t China.Things gt 8. (gd) when I started schl.All the kids at schl were 9. (friend) t me.Nw I enjy 10. (live) here.I think Mscw is a great city.


答案：1.mved 2.because 3.with 4.swimming 5.s 6.really 7.lnely 8.better 9.friendly 10.living





完形填空


I shall never frget the day when the earthquake tk place.The time was 5:15 in the afternn and I was driving alng the rad t 1 my daughter frm schl.Our plan was t g 2 tgether.I had finished wrk at abut 4 ’clck and then 3 t the pst ffice.Then I stpped 4 at a shp in rder t get sme fresh 5 .We like t have sme fruit t eat after ur swim.


I was driving alng a high rad n my way t the schl.Over my rad was anther way fr cars cming the ther way.I was 6 s I put the bag f apples in the seat 7 me and started t eat ne.


Suddenly I saw the cars in frnt f me start t mve frm side t side.I slwed dwn.Then 8 started t shake.I didn’t knw what was happening. 9 smething had gne wrng with my car.I drve 10 slwer.I stpped the car and at the same mment the rad fell nt the cars in frnt f me.


I fund myself in the dark.I culdn’t mve.The bttm parts f bth my legs and my 11 were hurting badly and I culdn’t mve them.All arund me was 12 .But belw me I culd hear shuts and a lt f nise.Then I 13 what had happened.I had been in an earthquake.


Fr abut tw hurs nbdy came.Luckily I culd 14 the bag f apples,s at least I had plenty t eat.Then I 15 peple climbing twards me.A team f peple came t see if anyne was under the brken 16 .I called ut “I’m here!” I heard a shut,and sn 17 climbed t the side f the bridge near my car.“Hw are yu ding?” he asked.


“Nt t bad,” I said,“but my feet and legs 18 as if they’re brken.” “We’ll have yu ut f there just as 19 as we can,” he said.They didn’t get me ut 20 the next mrning.I had been in my car fr 14 hurs.


B.bringC.getD.send


B.shppingC.climbingD.skating


B.cameC.reachedD.gne


B.awayC.verD.here


B.fruitC.drinksD.meat


B.excitedC.surprisedD.hungry


B.belwC.besideD.behind


carB.my handsC.my feetD.the rad


B.SurelyC.SuddenlyD.Quickly


B.mreC.evenD.very


B.armsC.handsD.fingers


B.quietC.cldD.nisy


tldB.fund utC.discveredD.remembered


B.hldC.catchD.reach


B.sawC.fundD.recgnised


B.radC.carD.trees


17.A.a strangerB.a friendC.my daughterD.a driver


B.lkC.seemD.appear


B.easyC.snD.pssible


B.tC.untilD.after


答案：1.C 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.B 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.C 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.A 16.B 17.A 18.A 19.C 20.C





三、閱讀理解


A


Many peple think the dinsaurs were the biggest animals that ever lived.They are wrng.The wrld’s biggest animal is still living and it lives in the cean.It is called the blue whale.Blue whales can be as lng as 30 meters and weigh as much as 1,000 kils.The largest dinsaurs weighted nly 500 kils.


The whale is nt nly the wrld’s biggest animal but als ne f the smartest animals.We knw that whales can cmmunicate with each ther,althugh we d nt knw what they are saying.Perhaps ne day we will learn hw t cmmunicate with whales,and then they will be able t tell us abut themselves.


Althugh they live in the cean,whales dn’t lay eggs like fish d.They are mammals.They give birth t babies and prduce milk inside their wn bdies t feed them.Humans are als mammals.


There are lts f stries abut whales,but perhaps the mst famus stry is Mby Dick,which was written by an American writer named Heman Melville.In the bk,a sailr named Captain Ahab spends a lt f time trying t find and kill an enrmus white whale named Mby Dick.


Sadly,there aren’t many kinds f whales left.Peple have killed them fr fd and ther things fr thusands f years.Hwever,there are nw laws t stp peple killing mst kinds f whales s perhaps there will be mre f them in years t cme.


1.Whales can .


A.tell us abut themselves


B.lay eggs


C.cmmunicate with each ther


D.live n land


2.Mby Dick is .


A.a stry written by Heman Melville


B.a sailr


C.the name f a blue whale


D.a famus dinsaur


3.There are nt many kinds f whales left because .


A.they dn’t lay eggs


B.peple have killed them


C.they live in the cean


D.there are laws against them


4.The passage is mainly abut .


A.the wrld’s biggest animal


B.lts f stries abut whales


C.laws t stp peple killing whales


D.the differences between dinsaurs and whales





B


Sme peple can never be frgtten.That’s because their names becme cmmn wrds.As many as 50,000 wrds in the English language get their meaning frm peple’s names.Sme are real peple,while thers are characters in bks r stries.


Often a new dish is given the name f its inventr.The Chinese dish gngba chicken was created in Sichuan Prvince by Ding Bazhen.He served the ht dish when he was gvernr f the prvince frm 1876 t 1886.After Ding died,peple named the dish fr him.


The fisherman Willem Beukelz began t pickle(腌制) fish in the 14 century.His methd f pickling fish was widely used,but peple didn’t prnunce his name “Beukelz”.Sn “pickles” became ppular in many cuntries.


Granny Smith apples are named fr Maria Ann Smith,a grandmther.Maria was brn int a farm family in Britain in 1799 and married Thmas Smith at the age f 19.Then they mved t Australia.On their farm near Sydney they grew apple trees.Their special kind f apple became knwn in Australia as a Granny Smith.


Mre than just fds take peple’s names.Many peple enjy riding n a Ferris wheel,named fr engineer Gerge designed the first ne fr Chicag’s Wrld Clumbian Expsitin in 1893.


Scientific laws,diseases,sprts terms and places arund the wrld als use peple’s names.Yu can’t escape them.They’re everywhere!


5. Abut 50,000 English wrds get their meanings frm .


A.peple’s interests


B.peple’s names


C.the names f places


D.the names f cuntries


6. The methd f pickling was frm .


A.a farmer B.a gvernr


C.an engineer D.a fisherman


7. Which statement abut Granny Smith apples is TRUE?


A.The name is frm Maria’s grandmther.


B.Maria named the apples befre she gt married.


C.Granny Smith apples became famus in Australia.


D.The Smiths grew apples n their farm in Britain.


答案：1.C 2.A 3.B 4. A 5. B 6. D 7.C





四．七選五


根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。


Taking gd ntes is a time-saving skill that will help yu t becme a better student in several ways. 1 Secnd,yur ntes are excellent materials t refer t when yu are studying fr a test.Third,nte-taking ffers variety t yur study time and helps yu t hld yur interest.


Yu will want t take ntes during classrm discussins and while reading a textbk r ding research fr a reprt. 2 Whenever r hwever yu take ntes,keep in mind that nte-taking is a selective prcess. 3


The fllwing methds may wrk best fr yu.


●Read the text quickly t find the main facts and ideas in it.


●Carefully read the text and watch fr wrds that can shw main pints and supprting facts.


● Write yur ntes in yur wn wrds.


● 4


● Nte any questins r ideas yu may have abut what was said r written.


As yu take ntes,yu may want t use yur wn shrthand(速記).When yu d,be sure that yu understand yur symbls and that yu use them all the time. 5


A.Use wrds,nt cmplete sentences.


B.There are three practical nte-taking methds.


C.Yu must write yur ntes n separate paper.


D.Otherwise,yu may nt be able t read yur ntes later.


E.Yu will als want t develp yur wn methd fr taking ntes.


F.That means yu must first decide what is imprtant enugh t include in yur ntes.


G.First,the simple act f writing smething dwn makes it easier fr yu t understand and remember it.


答案：1.G 2.E 3.F 4.A 5.D





指代
關(guān)系代詞以及在定語從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞?br/>例句



1.人
wh(主語、賓語)


whm(賓語)


that(主語、賓語)
The man wh/that is speaking at the meeting is a famus scientist. （作is speaking的主語）


在會(huì)上講話的人是一位著名的科學(xué)家。


He wh/that des nt reach the Great Wall is nt a true man. （作des nt reach的主語）


不到長(zhǎng)城非好漢。


This is the famus scientist (wh/whm/that) we visited last week. （作visited的賓語）


這就是我們上周拜訪的那位著名科學(xué)家。



2.物



that(主語、賓語)


which(主語、賓語)



He finally wrked ut the prblem which/ that puzzled him fr a lng time. （作puzzled的主語）


他最后解出了這個(gè)令他困惑很久的問題。


The fish (that/which) we bught yesterday were nt fresh. （作bught的賓語）


我們昨天買的魚不新鮮。



3.人的；


物的



whse(定語)
They rushed ver t help the man whse car brke dwn. （whse car=the man’s car，作定語，修飾car）


他們跑過去幫助那個(gè)汽車拋錨的人。


There is a muntain whse tp is always cvered with snw.( whse tp=the muntain’s tp，作定語，修飾tp)


有一座山頂常年被雪覆蓋的山。
4.句子


（在非限制性定語從句中）



which(主語、賓語)


as(主語、賓語)



The weather turned ut very gd, which was mre than we culd expect. （which指代“天氣最后晴朗起來”，作was的主語）


天氣最后晴朗起來，這是我們沒有料到的。


As everyne knws ,China is a beautiful cuntry with a lng histry . （As指代“中國是一個(gè)有著悠久歷史的美麗國家”，作knws 的賓語）


每個(gè)人都知道，中國是一個(gè)有著悠久歷史的美麗國家。



1.關(guān)系代詞的省略
關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，不可省略；做賓語時(shí)，在限制性定語從句中可以省略，在非限制性定語從句中不可省略。
Is he the man wh /that wants t see yu?( 作wants的主語不可省略)


他就是那個(gè)想見你的人嗎？


Hangzhu is a beautiful city(that/which)I always want t visit.（在限制性定語從句中作visit的賓語，可以省略）


杭州是我總想?yún)⒂^的一個(gè)美麗城市。


Hangzhu ,which I visited last week, is a beautiful city.（在非限制性定語從句中作visited的賓語，不可省略）


杭州是一個(gè)美麗的城市，我上周去參觀過。
2.從句中代詞的重復(fù)多余
定語從句中的引導(dǎo)詞指代先行詞，并在從句中作成分，從句中不能再出現(xiàn)指代該先行詞的代詞。
The bk that I read it yesterday is very interesting.（×）


The bk that I read yesterday is very interesting.（√）


我昨天讀的那本書很有趣。


This is the wman wh I met her last time.（×）


This is the wman wh I met last time. （√）


這就是我上次遇見的婦女。
3.關(guān)系代詞和代詞的誤用
定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞要用關(guān)系代詞，而不能用一般代詞。
This is the by he tld me a stry yesterday. （×）


This is the by wh tld me a stry yesterday. （√）


這就是昨天給我講故事的男孩。


This is the by his father is ur headmaster. （×）


This is the by whse father is ur headmaster. （√）


這就是這個(gè)男孩，他的爸爸是我們的校長(zhǎng)。
4.what不引導(dǎo)定語從句
定語從句中有關(guān)系代詞that和which ，而沒有what ，what 可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。
All that we need is a supply f il. (that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞all)


What we need is a supply f il. (what引導(dǎo)主語從句)


我們需要的是石油供應(yīng)。



5.that不引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句（用逗號(hào)隔開）
在非限制性定語從句，不能用關(guān)系代詞that。如果指代“人”，用關(guān)系代詞wh/ whm，指代“物”，用關(guān)系代詞which。
The basketball star, wh tried t make a cmeback, attracted lts f attentin. 這位打算復(fù)出的籃球明星引起了很多關(guān)注。


Beijing, which is the capital f China, is a beautiful city. 中國的首都北京是座美麗的城市。


He has becme a dctr, which he wanted t be.


他成為了一名醫(yī)生，這是他以前一直夢(mèng)想的。
6.介詞+which/whm
先行詞在從句中作介詞賓語，若介詞提前，指代物時(shí)，只能用which，不用that； 指代人時(shí)，只能用whm，而不用wh。介詞不提前時(shí)，用that/which, wh /whm都可以。
I have the bk abut which yu are talking.


= I have the bk (that/ which) yu are talking abut.


我有你現(xiàn)在談?wù)摰哪潜緯?br/>

The man with whm I talked just nw is frm Beijing University.


= The man( wh / whm/that) I talked with just nw is frm Beijing University.


剛才和我談話的那個(gè)人是從北京大學(xué)來的。
7.whse+n.


= the+n


+f which


=f which


+the+n.
whse+n.可與the+n +f which


互換，而且f which也可置于名詞之前，名詞之前必須有定冠詞the。
I live in the rm whse windw faces suth.( whse windw=the rm’s windw)


I live in the rm the windw f which / f which the windw faces suth.( the windw f which= the windw f the rm)


我住在窗子朝南開的房間里。
8. 定語從句中的主謂一致:


關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做主語時(shí)，定語從句的謂語通常與先行詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。


注意：當(dāng)先行詞為“ne f +復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 時(shí)定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；當(dāng)先行詞為“the (nly/very)ne f +復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 時(shí)定語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
He is a gd student wh likes t help thers.


他是一個(gè)樂于助人的好學(xué)生。


They are gd students wh like t help thers.


他們是樂于助人的好學(xué)生。


He is ne f the students wh were praised.


他是一個(gè)受到表揚(yáng)的學(xué)生之一。


He is the ne/ the nly ne f the students wh was praised. 他是唯一一個(gè)受到表揚(yáng)的學(xué)生。






1.用that，不用which的情況
①當(dāng)先行詞為不定代詞：everything, anything, nthing, all, any, much, many, sme, few, little, nne等或當(dāng)先行詞被n, sme, any, all, much, little等詞修飾時(shí)，只能用that。
T get the jb started, all that I need is yur permissin.要開始工作，我所需要的是你的許可。


Is there anything that I can d fr yu?有什么要我做的事嗎?


He answered few questins that were asked by the reprters.他幾乎沒有回答記者提問的問題。
②當(dāng)先行詞被the nly, the very, the same等詞修飾時(shí)。
That’s the nly thing that we can d nw.目前我們只能這樣了。


This is the very pen that I am lking fr. 這正是我找的鋼筆。


He still lives in the same huse that we visited ten years ag. 他還住在十年前我們參觀的同一座房子里。
③當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。



This was ne f the mst interesting bks that were sld in this bk stre.這是這家書店售出的最有趣的書之一。


The first thing that shuld be dne is t get sme fd.該做的第一件事是弄點(diǎn)吃的。
④當(dāng)先行詞中同時(shí)包括人和物時(shí)。
I’m ging t talk abut the cuntries and peple that I have visited.


我要談?wù)撘幌挛宜L問的國家和人民。
⑤當(dāng)要避免與疑問詞which重復(fù)時(shí)。
Which is the T-shirt that fits me mst?


那件體恤衫最適合我？



2.用which，不用that的情況
①在非限制性定語從句中
Ftball, which is an interesting game, is played all ver the wrld.


全世界都踢足球，它是一項(xiàng)有趣的運(yùn)動(dòng)。
②介詞提前時(shí)，不用that，而用which，介詞不提前時(shí)，用that和which都可。
This is the rm in which my father lived last year.


= This is the rm (that/ which) my father lived in last year.


這是我父親去年居住過的房子。
1.位置上的區(qū)別：


as引導(dǎo)的從句可放在主句首、句末或句中。而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放在主句之后。
As is knwn t us all, the earth turns arund the sun.


The earth, as is knwn t us all, turns arund the sun.


The earth turns arund the sun, as /which is knwn t us all.


眾所周知，地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
2.語義的區(qū)別：


as有“正如”之意，因此主句和從句語義一致，而which表示“這一點(diǎn)” 在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列句，可以用and this代替，在語義上可以不一致。
Mike wn the first prize, as was expected.


正如所料想的, 邁克獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。


Mike wn the first prize, which was nt expected.


邁克獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)，這一點(diǎn)沒被料想到。



1. 在限制性定語從句中，先行詞有such, s, as, the same修飾時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞用as。



比較：


I have never read the bk that yu have talked abut. 我從未讀過你談到的這本書。


I have never read such an interesting bk as yu have talked abut.


= I have never read s/ as interesting a bk as yu have talked abut.


我從未讀過像你談到的這樣有趣的書。
2. 在非限制性定語從句中，指代整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容。
As we knw, she is a gd teacher.


我們都知道她是一個(gè)好老師。


Lily, as we expected, wn the first prize in the cmpetitin yesterday.


像我們所期望的那樣, 莉莉在昨天的比賽中獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。
①such/s…as…表“像……這樣的……”，用來引導(dǎo)定語從句（as在從句中充當(dāng)主、賓或表語等）


②such/s…that…表示“如此..以致……”，用來引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。
This is such a heavy stne as n ne can lift.（作lift的賓語，是定語從句）


This is such a heavy stne that n ne can lift it. （不缺成分，是結(jié)果狀語從句）


這是一塊如此重的石頭，沒人能搬得動(dòng)。
①the same…as…表示“類似的一個(gè)，而不是同一個(gè)”（相似性）


②the same…that…表示“同一個(gè)”（同一性）
I have bught the same watch as yu have.


我買了一塊和你的一樣的手表。（相似的，非同一個(gè)）


This is the same watch that I lst.


這就是我丟的那塊手表。（同一個(gè)）

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