circumstance　
物質(zhì)；物品；事實根據(jù)　
不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的　
subjective　
distinctin　
acknwledgement　
cnsequently　
t evaluate　
acknwledged　
apparently　
scientific　
remarkable　
聯(lián)想積累：1．inter-開頭高頻詞①interview 面試；面談②interact 互相作用③internatinal 國際的④interval 間隔；間歇⑤interpret 解釋；說明⑥interrupt 打斷(某人的)講話
2．“重要的”形容詞有很多①imprtant 重要的②significant 重要的③key 關(guān)鍵的④vital 至關(guān)重要的⑤essential 基本的；必要的⑥fundamental 必不可少的
3．以-ist 為后綴的高頻名詞全接觸①specialist 專家②jurnalist 記者③psychlgist 心理學(xué)家④ecnmist 經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家⑤agriculturist 農(nóng)學(xué)家⑥bilgist 生物學(xué)家⑦futurlgist 未來學(xué)家⑧zlgist 動物學(xué)家
cmmit neself t sth./ding sth./d sth.　
with the bjective f　
change ne’s mind　
under cnstructin　
n the tip f ne’s tngue　
cme t pwer　
take up a psitin　
be mistaken fr　
put frward　
getting stuck　
聯(lián)想積累：1．“總之，總結(jié)”薈萃①in a wrd 總之②all in all 總之③in cnclusin 總之④in shrt/brief 總之；簡言之⑤t sum up 總結(jié)；概括
2．“承諾；保證”一家親①cmmit neself t d②make a prmise③undertake④guarantee⑤ensure
3．“堅持”短語面面觀①hld n 堅持；忍受(不及物)②stick t 堅持；粘住(及物)③insist n 堅持；堅決要求(及物)④persist in 堅持；固執(zhí)于(及物)⑤g/keep n 堅持；繼續(xù)下去(及物)
is thught t be　
On arriving　
Artemisinin has becme a vital part f the treatment fr malaria, and is thught t save 100, 000 lives a year in Africa alne. (P2)青蒿素已成為治療瘧疾的重要組成部分，被認(rèn)為僅在非洲一年就能挽救10萬人的生命。
1．vital adj. 必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機(jī)的
be vital t/fr... 對……極其重要It is vital t d sth. 做某事很重要It’s vital that... ……極為重要(that從句中要用虛擬語氣，即 shuld d, shuld 可以省略)
單句語法填空①Enugh sleep is vital _______________ the students’ well-being and health.②As far as I’m cncerned, it is vital ________________(keep) accurate recrds.
一句多譯(2018·全國卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))此外，在中國，當(dāng)你參加晚宴時，注意餐桌禮儀是至關(guān)重要的。 ③Besides, ________________________________________________ in China when yu attend a dinner party.(it作形式主語)④In additin, ______________________ is that yu (shuld) mind yur table manners in China when yu attend a dinner party.(主語從句)
it’s vital that yu shuld mind yur table manners　
what’s vital　
Tu Yuyu, a cmmitted and patient scientist, was brn in Ningb, China, n 30 December 1930, and graduated frm Peking University Medical Schl in 1955.(P2)屠呦呦，一位堅定而有耐心的科學(xué)家，1930年12月30日出生于中國寧波，1955年畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院。
2．cmmit vt.承諾；保證(某個人、機(jī)構(gòu)等)vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動等)
(1)cmmit neself t (ding)sth. 承諾(做)某事cmmit a crime/a mistake 犯罪/犯錯誤投入……于……(2)cmmitted adj.盡心盡力的，堅定的；堅信的be cmmitted t (ding) sth. 承諾(做)某事(3)cmmitment n．投入；奉獻(xiàn)；承諾；保證make a cmmitment t (ding) sth.承諾(做)某事
單句語法填空①Zhng Nanshan, a ________________ scientist, ________________ himself t preventing COVID－19. His __________________ was praised by peple.(cmmit)②We made a __________________ (cmmit) t keep wrking tgether.
一句多譯鐘南山致力于醫(yī)學(xué)研究，被授予“共和國勛章”。③Zhng Nanshan __________________________ ding medical research, and he was awarded the Medal f the Republic.④ _____________________ ding medical research, Zhng Nanshan was awarded the Medal f the Republic.
was cmmitted t　
Cmmitted t　
Hwever，Tu Yuyu wuld nt acknwledge defeat.(P2)然而，屠呦呦并不承認(rèn)失敗。
3．a(chǎn)cknwledge vt.承認(rèn)(屬實、權(quán)威等)；(公開)感謝
(1)acknwledge(ding/having dne) sth.承認(rèn)(做了)某事acknwledge sb./sth. t be/as承認(rèn)某人/某物是……acknwledge that...承認(rèn)……It’s generally/universally acknwledged that...大家公認(rèn)……(2)acknwledgement n．承認(rèn)；感謝；謝禮
單句語法填空①She is acknwledged ________________(be) ne f the best singers in the wrld.② With n slid evidence, he refused t acknwledge ________________________________(steal) the lady’s purse.③I was sent a free cpy in _______________________(acknwledge) f my cntributin.
stealing/having stlen　
句型轉(zhuǎn)換④Peple widely acknwledge that students shuld be evaluated in terms f verall quality.→ __________________________________________ students shuld be evaluated in terms f verall quality.
It is widely acknwledged that　
Tu Yuyu and her team members even insisted n testing the medicine n themselves t make sure that it was safe.(P3)屠呦呦和她的團(tuán)隊成員甚至堅持在自己身上測試藥物，以確保它是安全的。
4．insist vi.& vt.堅持；堅決要求
insist n 堅決要求insist n (ding) sth.堅持(做)某事insist n sb./ne’s ding sth.堅持某人做某事insist(堅持說/認(rèn)為) that...，從句用陳述語氣。insist(堅決要求/主張)that sb.(shuld) d...，從句用虛擬語氣。
單句語法填空①Her mther finally allwed her t g，insisting n her _______________ (keep) clse t the huse and nt riding t far.②The ld man insisted that he ___________ (be) ill and ____________________________(send) t hspital.
(shuld) be sent　
完成句子③(2019·天津卷)你應(yīng)該尊重別人的觀點，同時堅持你認(rèn)為正確的事情。Yu shuld respect the views f thers，and at the same time __________________ what yu think is right.
Did yu cme t any cnclusins? (P4)你得出任何結(jié)論了嗎？
5．cnclusin n．結(jié)論；推論
單句語法填空①The famus scientist _________________ frm his research that this virus was sensitive t heat. His __________________ caused a heated discussin. (cnclude)②He cncluded ____________ their remarks that they were nt in favur f the plan.③Each chapter cncludes ________________ a shrt summary.
完成句子④最后，我要感謝你們?yōu)槲宜龅囊磺?。______________________，I’d like t thank yu fr all yu have dnefr me.
In cnclusin　
一句多譯科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)得出結(jié)論：地球上的溫度正在變得越來越高。⑤Scientists have _______________________ the temperature n Earth is getting higher and higher.(cnclude)⑥Scientists have _________________________________ that the temperature n Earth is getting higher and higher.(cnclusin)
cncluded that　
cme t the cnclusin　
There is nthing we can d t help Linda. Her circumstances are beynd ur cntrl.(P5)我們幫不了琳達(dá)，她的處境是我們無法控制的。
6．circumstance n．條件；環(huán)境；狀況
in/under n circumstances決不in/under the circumstances在這種情況下in/under any circumstance在任何情況下
in/under n circumstances這種表示否定意義的短語用于句首時，句子用部分倒裝語序。
完成句子①舊的規(guī)則之所以需要修改，是因為它僅適用于一百年前存在的情形。The ld rules have t be revised because they nly __________________________ that existed when they were made a hundred years ag.
applied t the circumstances　
②我原計劃第二天離開的，但在這樣的情況下，我決定再住一夜。I planned t leave the next day but ______________________________ I decided t stay anther night.③我知道我在任何情況下都能信任她。I knw I can trust her ____________________________________.
under/in the circumstances　
in/under any circumstance　
As a cnsequence，he had t flee Germany.(P8)因此，他不得不逃離德國。
7．cnsequence n．結(jié)果；后果
(1)in cnsequence/as a cnsequence＝as a result因此；結(jié)果in cnsequence f/as a cnsequence f＝as a result f由于……原因(2)cnsequent adj.隨之發(fā)生的cnsequently adv.所以；因而
單句語法填空①She was a bright and eager student and, ____________________ (cnsequence), did well in schl.②The warming f the earth and the __________________ (cnsequence) climatic changes affect us all.③(2020·全國Ⅰ卷)I wnder if parents shuld always tell the truth n matter the ____________________(cnsequence)．
cnsequences　
句式升級The farm was flded, and as a result，mst f the harvest was lst.④→The farm was flded, and __________________________，mst f the harvest was lst.⑤→The farm was flded, and _______________________________ mst f the harvest was lst.
as a cnsequence　
cnsequently/therefre　
After spending time in Eurpe，he finally tk up a psitin as a researcher at the Institute fr Advanced Study in Princetn, USA. (P8)在歐洲待了一段時間后，他最終在美國普林斯頓大學(xué)高等研究院找到了一份研究員的工作。
8．take up a psitin 擔(dān)任；任職
take apart 拆開take dwn 往下拽；記下；拆除take in 欺騙；吸入；理解；收留take ff(飛機(jī))起飛；(事業(yè))成功；脫下(衣服)take n呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān)take ver 接管；接替take up 開始從事；繼續(xù)；占據(jù)
用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空①Yu have t take ____________ the pints in class t g ver after class.②We eventually tk ___________ at 11 ’clck and arrived in Venice at 130 pm.③Thanks t the refrm and pening-up plicy, China has taken __________ a new lk.
④The kind ld lady ffered t take __________ the pr hmeless stranger.⑤He will take ____________ my jb while I am n hliday.⑥Many yung men want t take __________ a psitin in a charity rganizatin t help mre peple.
Artemisinin has becme a vital part f the treatment fr malaria, and is thught t save 100,000 lives a year in Africa alne.(P2)青蒿素已經(jīng)成為治療瘧疾的關(guān)鍵部分，人們認(rèn)為青蒿素每年僅在非洲就能救十萬人。
1．sb.is thught t d sth.某人被認(rèn)為……
(1)It’s said/thught/reprted/hped/agreed/prved 據(jù)說/大家認(rèn)為/據(jù)報道/大家希望/據(jù)同意/據(jù)證實……(2)以上結(jié)構(gòu)可以改為下列兩種簡單句形式：①Sb./Sth.＋be＋believed/said/thught/reprted t d sth. (hpe除外)②Peple/Sb.＋believe/say/think/reprt/...＋that...
在“主語＋be＋said/expected...＋t d”結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式的形式取決于它與謂語動作發(fā)生的先后關(guān)系。之后或幾乎同時發(fā)生，常用一般式(t d)；強(qiáng)調(diào)同時發(fā)生時還可用進(jìn)行式(t be ding)；之前發(fā)生用完成式(t have dne)。
單句語法填空① __________ is generally believed that IT has bth advantages and disadvantages.②It is hped ____________ the cst f medical care can be cut dwn.③He’s thught ______________ (be) ne f the richest men in Eurpe.
句式升級Peple believe that educatin is the mst imprtant issue facing the gvernment.④→ ______________________________ educatin is the mst imprtant issue facing the gvernment.⑤→Educatin ____________________________the mst imprtant issue facing the gvernment.
It is believed that　
is believed t be　
Upn hearing that she had been awarded the Nbel Prize, she said，“The hnur is nt just mine. There is a team behind me, and all the peple f my cuntry...”(P3)當(dāng)聽到自己被授予諾貝爾獎時，她就說：“這榮譽(yù)不僅僅屬于我。也屬于我背后的團(tuán)隊以及我的祖國的人民……”
2．upn/n ding...當(dāng)……時；一……就……
(1)upn/n ding是介詞短語用作時間狀語，意為“一……就……”(2)表示“一……就……”的結(jié)構(gòu)還有：the minute, the mment, the instant, as sn as, immediately, directly, instantly, hardly , n ，On/Upn...等。
單句語法填空①On _________________ (finish) it, I was struck by the feeling that it was the best cmpsitin I had ever written.② _________________ (instant) Wang Yaping, a female astrnaut, turned up at the meeting, the peple applauded ludly.
一句多譯(2018·北京高考滿分作文)他們一到我們學(xué)校，就迫不及待地參觀我們的茶館，那里陳列著許多茶具。 ③ ___________________________________________________，they culdn’t wait t visit ur tea huse, where a lt f tea sets were n display. (instant)④ _____________________________________， they culdn’t wait t visit ur tea huse, where a lt f tea sets were n display.(n)
The instant/Instantly they arrived at ur schl　
On arriving at ur schl　
Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．The schls that I visit in Nttingham are full f experience staff _________________ (cmmit) t giving ur children a caring and inspiring learning envirnment.2．Making gd chices abut yur wn health requires reasnable __________________ (evaluate)．3．Culd yu tell me what I have t d __________________ (btain) a student visa and hw lng the prcess will take?
4．It is a truth finally and universally ____________________ (acknwledge) that a single wman with brains deserves t have equal pprtunities t men.5．Damaged but nt ________________(defeat)，he was still ahead f me.6．(2019·全國Ⅱ卷)Anther way f setting realistic gals is ___________________(analyse)yur shrt and lng term __________________(bjective), _______________(keep) in mind yur beliefs，values and strengths.
7. _______________ (fund) in Mscw after the 1905 revlutin，the cmpany eventually settled in Tel Aviv in the late 1920s.8．They are nt allwed t use a dictinary，and much f the meaning must ____________________ (infer) frm the cntext.9．I never tld my mther abut my “miraculus”experience that summer，but she saw a slw but __________________(remark) imprvement in my classrm perfrmance during the next year.10．Being able t read peple helps kids frm misreading a situatin and jumping t a false __________________ (cnclude)．
be inferred　
Ⅱ.完成句子1．被邀請來參加本次夏令營開幕式我深感榮幸。(It is an hnr fr sb.t d sth.) __________________________________________________ attend the pening ceremny f the summer camp.2．普遍認(rèn)為新鮮食物對我們的健康有益。(acknwledge) _____________________________________________ fresh fd is beneficial t ur health.
It is a great hnr fr me t be invited t　
It is generally acknwledged that　
3．我們負(fù)責(zé)任地控制住自己對環(huán)境的影響是至關(guān)重要的。(crucial) _____________________________ we respnsibly manage ur impact n the envirnment.4．他希望公司能注意改善員工的工作與生活的平衡。(pay attentin t)He hpes cmpanies will _____________________________________ wrk-life balance fr their emplyees.
It is crucial that　
pay attentin t imprving　
5．笑被認(rèn)為是人類表達(dá)情感的最簡單的方式之一。(think)Laughter ___________________________ ne f the easiest ways t express feelings.6．我們本不該花錢去給那么多人做檢查的，他們大多數(shù)都很健康。(非限制性定語從句)We shuldn’t have spent ur mney testing s many peple, ____________________________________.
mst f whm are healthy　
Ⅲ.教材與語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Tu Yuyu 1.____________________(award) the Nbel Prize fr Physilgy r Medicine in 2015.Her research led 2.__________ the discvery f artemisinin, which is thught 3.________________ (save) 100,000 lives a year in Africa alne.
was awarded　
Tu Yuyu, a 4._________________ (cmmit) and patient scientist, graduated frm Peking University Medical Schl in 1955.In 1969, she decided t review ancient Chinese medical texts t find 5.___________________ (traditin) btanical treatments fr the disease. One medical text suggested 6._____________ (use) the extract frm sweet wrmwd t treat a fever. Later, by experiments, she cncluded that biling the sweet wrmwd 7.__________________(apparent) destryed its medical prperties. Finally, they succeeded 8.__________ discvering artemisinin.
traditinal　
Upn hearing that she had been awarded the Nbel Prize, Tu Yuyu said that the hnur belnged t all the peple f the cuntry. It was indeed 9.__________ hnur fr China’s 10.__________________(science) research and Chinese medicine t be spread arund the wrld.
Ⅳ.單元主題與高考寫作用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識完成滿分作文請根據(jù)下列提示寫一篇英語短文，介紹著名呼吸病學(xué)專家鐘南山。內(nèi)容要點如下：1．1936年10月出生于一個醫(yī)學(xué)世家，福建廈門人；2．1960年畢業(yè)于北京醫(yī)學(xué)院(今北京大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)部)；3．2003年他是抗擊“非典”的英雄，2020年他在抗擊新型冠狀病毒肺炎中作出突出貢獻(xiàn)；4．致力于呼吸道疾病的研究和治療。參考詞匯：呼吸道疾病 respiratry diseases 新型冠狀病毒肺炎COVID-19
Brn in a medical family，in Oct.1936，Zhng Nanshan cmes frm Xiamen, Fujian Prvince. When yung，he 1._________________________________ (對……有強(qiáng)烈的熱情)medicine.Zhng Nanshan，wh graduated frm Peking University Medical Schl in 1960, 2.____________________________(被公認(rèn)為) ne f the mst utstanding experts in the medical field.In 2003，he was a her in defeating SARS during the SARS utbreak.In 2020, he made an utstanding cntributin when fighting against COV-ID-19.
had a strng passin fr　
is acknwledged as　

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