leadership　
utstanding　
統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字；統(tǒng)計(jì)資料；統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)　
大量的；價值巨大的；重大的　
混凝土制的；確實(shí)的；具體的　
cntradictin　
initiative　
mechanical　
defenc(s)e　
assistance　
multiplied　
statistics　
have transfrmed　
have been puring　
聯(lián)想積累：1．常見“trans－”詞根的單詞①transplant v. 移植②translate v. 翻譯③transmit v. 傳送；傳播④transfer v. 轉(zhuǎn)移；轉(zhuǎn)讓⑤transparent adj.透明的
3．以“－ship”為后綴的高頻名詞一覽①schlarship 獎學(xué)金；學(xué)問；學(xué)術(shù)成就②friendship 友誼③leadership 領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位④relatinship 關(guān)系⑤hardship 苦難⑥champinship 冠軍稱號
nce and fr all　
subscribe t　
water pump　
give birth (t sb.)　
in general　
as a result f　
theretical framewrk　
make sense　
get dwn t ding sth.　
in charge f　
put pressure n　
in the frm f　
benefit frm　
getting dwn t　
depending n　
聯(lián)想積累：1．表示“最終地”含義的詞和詞組①finally②lastly③ultimately④eventually⑤at length⑥at last⑦in the end⑧nce and fr all
2．表示“由于，因?yàn)椤焙x的短語①due t②wing t③thanks t④because f⑤as a result f⑥n accunt f
3．“動詞＋ut”短語薈萃①blck ut 擋住(光線)②break ut 突發(fā)；爆發(fā)③let ut 泄露；發(fā)出(聲音)④lk/watch ut 當(dāng)心；提防⑤put ut 撲滅⑥die ut 滅絕
Snw suspected that the water pump was t blame.(P2)斯諾懷疑水泵是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?br/>1．suspect vt.& vi.懷疑；疑有；不信任 n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑對象
suspect sb. f (ding) sth. 懷疑某人(做了)某事suspect sb. t be... 懷疑某人是……suspect that... 懷疑……，猜想……
單句語法填空①The drug _____________________ (suspect) f causing ver 200 deaths.② __________________ (suspect) nthing，he walked right int the trap.③Tw ________________(suspect) are nw being interrgated in cnnectin with the killing.
is suspected　
Suspecting　
2．blame vt.把……歸咎于；責(zé)怪；指責(zé) n．責(zé)備；指責(zé)
(1)blame sb.fr (ding) sth. 因(做)某事而責(zé)備某人blame sth. n sb. 把某事怪到某人頭上be t blame(fr) (因……)應(yīng)受責(zé)備；應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任(不能用被動形式)(2)bear/take/accept the blame fr... 對……負(fù)責(zé)，承擔(dān)責(zé)任lay/put the blame fr sth. n sb.把某事的責(zé)任推到某人身上
單句語法填空①Dn’t always blame yur wn failure __________ thers. Yu shuld take the blame ___________ failure.②______________ (blame) fr the breakdwn f the schl cmputer netwrk, Alice was in lw spirits.
一句多譯誠實(shí)地說，李華應(yīng)該為這次沖突負(fù)責(zé)。③T be hnest, Li Hua ___________________________ the cnflict.(blame v．)④T be hnest, Li Hua shuld _______________________________ the cnflict.(blame n．)
was t blame fr　
take/bear/accept the blame fr　
Mrever，Snw was later able t shw a link between ther cases f chlera and the different water cmpanies in Lndn.(P3)而且，后來斯諾能夠表明，其他霍亂的病例和倫敦不同的自來水公司有關(guān)。
3．link n．聯(lián)系；紐帶 vt.把……連接起來；相關(guān)聯(lián)
be related t與……有聯(lián)系，與……有關(guān)系把……和……聯(lián)系起來be cnnected with與……有關(guān)系；與……有親戚關(guān)系把……和……連接起來
單句語法填空①The tw cities ___________________(link) by a railway.②The plicemen are lking fr peple ______________(link) t the accident which happened last night.
are linked　
完成句子③這些攝像機(jī)與一臺功能強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)相連接。The vide cameras _______________________a pwerful cmputer.④英吉利海峽隧道把英國和歐洲其他國家連接起來。The Channel Tunnel ____________________________ the rest f Eurpe.
are linked t　
links Britain with　
Thrugh Snw’s tireless effrts, water cmpanies began t sell clean water, and the threat f chlera arund the wrld saw a substantial decrease.(P3)通過斯諾孜孜不倦的努力，自來水公司開始銷售干凈的水，全世界范圍內(nèi)的霍亂威脅有了很大的下降。
4．decrease n．減少；降低；減少量 vi.& vi.(使大小、數(shù)量等)減少；減小；降低
(1)decrease 減少到……decrease by... 減少了……decrease 從……減少到……(2)n the decrease 正在減少n the increase 正在增加
單句語法填空①The charge fr transprtatin is __________ the decrease because f lwer fuel csts.②It’s reprted that the ppulatin f that cuntry has increased __________ mre than 1.3 billin and __________ 0.5% every year in the past ten years.
③They are making every effrt ____________________(decrease) the prductin cst.④There was _________ sharp decrease in unemplyment, which was 30 percent.
t decrease　
Snw transfrmed the way scientists study diseases.(P3)斯諾改變了科學(xué)家研究疾病的方法。
5．transfrm vt.使改觀；使改變形態(tài) vi.改變；轉(zhuǎn)變
(1) 把……變成……transfrm sb./sth. frm... 把某人/物從……中轉(zhuǎn)變(2)transfrmatin n. 改變；變革
trans表示“從一……到另一……”，如 translate, transplant，transfusin，transprt 等。
單句語法填空①Water can transfrm a desert ____________ a garden.②___________________ (transfrm) int a frg by the witch, the prince was driven ut f the castle.③As is knwn t all, water can _______________________ (transfrm) int pwer.④In recent years, the mvie industry has undergne a substantial ______________________(transfrm)．
Transfrmed　
be transfrmed　
transfrmatin　
Hwever，after the Snghu Battle brke ut in 1932, Qian made the decisin t switch his majr t aviatin because he realised that China needed its wn pwerful air frce t prtect and defend the cuntry. (P7)然而，在1932年淞滬會戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后，錢做出了把專業(yè)改為航空制造業(yè)的決定，因?yàn)樗庾R到中國需要自己強(qiáng)大的空軍來保護(hù)并且保衛(wèi)這個國家。
6．defend vt.保衛(wèi)；防守；辯解
(1)defend 保護(hù)……以免受defend neself 為自己辯解；自衛(wèi)(2)defence n. 防御；保衛(wèi)in defence f 為了保衛(wèi)……
單句語法填空①The Great Wall was built frm the Qin Dynasty and its purpse was __________________ (defend) their wn territries frm/against the invasin f their enemies.②When a dg attacked me, I picked up a stick t defend ______________(Ⅰ)．③The mnument is in memry f the sldiers wh died in _______________ (defend) f their cuntry.
Hwever，after the Snghu Battle brke ut in 1932, Qian made the decisin t switch his majr t aviatin because he realised that China needed its wn pwerful air frce t prtect and defend the cuntry.(P7)然而，在1932年淞滬會戰(zhàn)爆發(fā)后，錢做出了把專業(yè)改為航空制造業(yè)的決定，因?yàn)樗庾R到中國需要自己強(qiáng)大的空軍來保護(hù)并且保衛(wèi)這個國家。
7．break ut (戰(zhàn)爭、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然開始；爆發(fā)
break dwn(機(jī)器)損壞；破壞；(身體/精神)垮下來；感情失去控制break up拆散，分開；驅(qū)散，解散；分手break in強(qiáng)行闖入，侵入；插話break int闖入，侵入；突然發(fā)出/做出……break ff折斷；中斷；停止說話；(工作中)稍作休息break thrugh突破
breaking dwn　
⑤We hpe t __________________ sn in the fight against AIDS.⑥There was n ne nearby wh might see him trying __________________ the huse.⑦The tw cuntries __________________ diplmatic relatins because f war.
break thrugh　
t break int　
He received a her’s welcme frm his hmeland and was put in charge f nt nly develping China’s rcket science but als its space and missile prgramme.(P8)他受到了來自祖國的英雄般的歡迎，不僅被任命負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)展中國的火箭事業(yè)還有它的太空導(dǎo)彈項(xiàng)目。
8．in charge f 主管；掌管
(1)in charge 負(fù)責(zé)；掌管in the charge f sb./in ne’s charge 由……負(fù)責(zé)take charge f 掌管/負(fù)責(zé)……(2)free f charge 免費(fèi)(3)charge sb. fr sth. 為某物向某人收取費(fèi)用charge sb. with (ding) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
單句語法填空①They left me in charge __________ the children fr a week.②I am leaving the schl __________ yur charge.③Hw much did they charge ___________ the repairs?
句式升級He is in charge f the newspaper’s advertisement sectin.④→The newspaper’s advertisement sectin _____________________.⑤→The newspaper’s advertisement sectin _____________________.
is in the charge f him　
is in his charge　
Snw began by marking n a map the exact places where all thse wh died had lived.(P2)斯諾先在地圖上標(biāo)出了所有死者曾經(jīng)生活的精確地點(diǎn)。
1．where引導(dǎo)的定語從句
(1)where引導(dǎo)定語從句時，其先行詞一般是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，它在定語從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，此時where 相當(dāng)于at/in/n＋which。(2)用where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞不一定是表示地點(diǎn)的名詞，因?yàn)橄刃性~也可能是含有抽象地點(diǎn)意義的名詞。如：pint, case，stage，cnditin，situatin，ccasin，activity，relatinship。(3)使用where引導(dǎo)時在從句里的意思為“在……情況/程度/關(guān)系/狀況下”“在……關(guān)系中”“在……中”等。
單句語法填空①This z is nt the nly place ____________ the animal can be seen.②She’s gt herself int a dangerus situatin _____________ she’s likely t lse her life.③Nise is cming t the pint _____________we can’t put up with it.④I have heard f a case _____________ a sldier riding a bus did nt ffer his seat t a wman with a baby.
The truth was that the water frm the Brad Street pump had been infected by waste.(P3)事實(shí)是寬街水泵的水已被廢物污染了。
2．that引導(dǎo)表語從句
(1)從屬連詞that引導(dǎo)表語從句時，沒有實(shí)際意義，也不作任何成分，僅起連接作用。但通常不可省略。(2)可接表語從句的連系動詞有be，lk，seem，sund，appear等。(3)在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語從句中，謂語動詞需用“shuld＋動詞原形” 表示，shuld可省略。常見的詞有advice，suggestin，rder，prpsal，plan，idea等。
單句語法填空①The advantage is ____________ if there is a new illness sme f these animals may die, but thers will survive and pass n the ability t resist that disease t the next generatin.②The chance is ____________ ur team will finish at the tp，as ur remaining matches aren’t t difficult.
完成句子③我難過的原因是他沒有理解我。The reasn why I was sad was _______________________________.④我的建議是我們明天一早就出發(fā)。My suggestin is ________________________________________.
that he didn’t understand me　
that we (shuld) start early tmrrw　
Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．We are faced with tw apparently _____________________ (cntradict) statements.2．The vaccine was used t prtect the whle ppulatin against _________________(infect)．3．The authrities n lnger subscribe __________the view that disabled peple are unsuitable as teachers.4．I think Tm, rather than yu is _________________ (blame) fr the matter.
cntradictry　
5．Pilcher ______________________(suspect) f giving away gvernment secrets t the enemy.6．Mst custmers were satisfied with the way their cmplaints _____________________ (handle)．7．Despite the ____________________(intervene) f the internatinal cmmunity，the tw cuntries were unable t settle their differences.8. ____________________ (decrease) the amunt f rubbish and t prtect the envirnment, mre gvernments are requiring peple t recycle materials.
was suspected　
were handled　
interventin　
T decrease　
9．(2020·天津卷)Thanks __________ the Silence Machine, a British inventin, yu can get rid f the sund withut upsetting the by r his parents.10．(2020·江蘇卷) The health security systems f many cuntries are underging cnsiderable ______________________ (transfrm)．
Ⅱ.完成句子1．我們還沒決定去哪兒過暑假。(疑問詞＋t d)We haven’t decided __________________________ ur summer hliday.2．放學(xué)后我要去修自行車。(have sth.＋v.-ed)I’ll ________________________________ after schl.3．通常，公共汽車太擁擠，我們找不到坐的地方。()Usually, __________________________ n the bus ____________ we can’t find anywhere t sit.
where t g fr　
have my bike repaired　
it’s s crwded　
4．今年春季我國的所有學(xué)校推遲開學(xué)的原因是新冠病毒的全球暴發(fā)。(表語從句；定語從句)______________________ all schls in ur cuntry delayed pening this spring is that the nvel crnavirus ___________________________.5．這位老師不能理解的是對她的課感興趣的學(xué)生越來越少。(what引導(dǎo)主語從句，that引導(dǎo)表語從句)____________ the teacher culdn’t understand was _____________________________________________her lessns.
The reasn why　
brke ut all ver the wrld　
that fewer and fewer students shwed interest in　
6．我感覺我的心臟好像停止跳動了。(as if引導(dǎo)表語從句)I felt _______________________________________.
as if my heart had stpped　
Ⅲ.教材與語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。 Jhn Snw Defeats “King Chlera”Chlera used t be ne f the mst feared 1._______________(disease) in the wrld until Jhn Snw shwed hw it culd be vercme. Chlera, as 2._________ deadly disease f its day, threatened rdinary peple. N ne knew its cause r its cure. Every time chlera brke ut, large numbers f 3.__________________ (frighten) peple died.
frightened　
Jhn Snw was determined 4._________________ (slve) this prblem. He knew nly if he fund its cause wuld it be cntrlled.There were tw theries that 5.________________ (pssible) explained hw peple gt infected. Jhn Snw 6.__________________ (subscribe) t the thery that chlera was caused by an infectin frm germs in fd r water.
subscribed　
In 1854 anther utbreak f chlera hit Lndn. Jhn Snw began t investigate. He marked the places n a map, 7._____________ gave him a valuable clue abut the cause f the disease. He fund many f the deaths were near the water pump in Brad Street. Sme husehlds had n deaths 8._______________ these peple drank free beer. It seemed that the water pump was 9._________________ (blame). He made further research and cncluded that plluted water led t the disease. Finally “King Chlera” 10._____________________ (defeat). Thanks t Jhn Snw, we nw knw hw t prevent chlera.
was defeated　
Ⅳ.單元主題與高考寫作用本單元詞匯、句式和語法知識完成滿分作文假定你是李華，應(yīng)你校校報英文版編輯邀請寫一篇介紹亞歷山大·弗萊明的短文，寫作要點(diǎn)如下：1.簡要介紹人物；2.人物的貢獻(xiàn)；3.對人物進(jìn)行評價。 1.________________________ (出生在蘇格蘭)，Alexander Fleming was brught up by his mther and his elder brther.
Brn in Sctland　

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