江蘇省2019-2020學年下學期高二英語期中解析版試卷精選匯編：閱讀理解專題-試卷下載-教習網(wǎng)

?閱讀理解專題
江蘇省徐州市2019-2020學年高二英語下學期期中試題
三、閱讀理解(共4篇，1.5小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項A、B、C和D中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A
A motorcyclist should generally follow the driving rules which apply to all motor vehicles. However, because of the nature of the vehicle, the following additional safety measures should apply to the operation of a motorcycle.
1. Because of in stability in case of sudden stops, following distances should be greater than for cars.
2. The proper position of the foot while the motorcycle is moving is resting on peg (腳蹬)and keeping foot straight.
3. Helmets must be worn for head protection in case of an accident.
4. Allow the engine to warm up before starting.
5. Drive slowly and use extreme caution on surfaces which are slippery because of ice, snow, sand, mud, etc. to guard against falling.
6. When operating a motorcycle at night you should travel near the center of the right-hand lane at reduced speed.
7. A passenger shall not be carried unless the vehicle is equipped with a seat designed to carry two persons.
8. Avoid going between the cars. A passenger may suddenly open the door to leave the car.
9. Drive in traffic only after developing skill in the control of the motorcycle away from traffic.
10. A screen must be used or eye glasses worn to protect the eyes.
41. From the contents and the writing style, we can infer it is a(an) ______.
A. note B. instruction C. notice D. advertisement
42. When we operate a motorcycle, we should______.
A. do some warm-up exercises first.
B. wear helmets just in case.
C. avoid driving in traffic.
D. never carry a passenger..
43. Which of the following can best summarize this passage?
A. Good Driving Habits B. Enjoy Driving Motorcycles
C. Functions of Motorcycles D. Avoid Using Motorcycles
【答案】41. B 42. B 43. A
【解析】
本文是說明文。摩托車手一般應遵守適用于所有機動車輛的駕駛規(guī)則。然而，由于車輛的性質(zhì)，文章說明了一些摩托車操作應該遵守的額外的安全措施。
【41題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的the following additional safety measures should apply to the operation of a motorcycle.(下列附加的安全措施應適用于摩托車的操作。)和下文的1到10條注意事項可推斷，本文是一項說明，既不是便條，也不是通知和廣告。故選B。
【42題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)3. Helmets must be worn for head protection in case of an accident.
可知，必須帶頭盔保護頭部以防事故。故選B。
【43題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段However, because of the nature of the vehicle, the following additional safety measures should apply to the operation of a motorcycle.但是，由于摩托車的性質(zhì)，駕駛摩托車應采取下列附加安全措施以及通讀1到10條額外的駕駛摩托車需要注意的安全事項可知，騎摩托車時要養(yǎng)成良好的駕駛習慣，注意防護，小心駕駛，注意車速車距，避免事故發(fā)生。所以A選項“良好的駕駛習慣”最能概括這篇文章。故選A。
B
One of the most successful, influential and beloved women in American history, Eleanor Roosevelt once said that she had one regret: she wished she had been prettier. Who hasn’t felt the same way? We are all too aware of our physical imperfections. To overcome them, we spend billions upon billions every year. Why do we care so much about how we look? Because it matters. Because beauty is powerful. Because even we learn to value people mostly for being kind and wise and funny, we are still moved by beauty.
Aristotle said, “Beauty is a greater recommendation than any letter of introduction”. It’s not fair, but it’s true. We simply treat beautiful people better than we do others. Attach a photograph of a beautiful author to an essay, and people will think that it is more creative and more intelligently written than exactly the same essay accompanied by the photo of a homely author. As children, beautiful people are more likely to become favorites with parents and teachers. Later, they are more likely to get good jobs. Attractive people in need are more likely to receive help from strangers.
These days, women and men both rely on advanced technology to improve their beauty. Wrinkles can be stretched away with a face lift. Special injections can make lips look young and plump (豐滿的). Besides being a sign of youth, good skin also means that the person is likely to be healthy. Still, it is possible to go too far. At the end of the 19th century, some women even had their ribs (肋骨) removed so they’d have that perfect narrow waist.
Our sensitivity to physical beauty is not something we can control at will. We are born with it. Experiments showed that even small infants prefer to look at attractive faces. Before they have met a single supermodel, before they have watched a single TV show, before they have opened up a single fashion magazine, they are drawn to the same faces which adults have judged to be attractive.
There are more important things in life than beauty. But as Nancy Etcoff says, “We have to understand beauty, or we will always be enslaved by it.” If you aim to be wise and kind and funny, it doesn’t mean that you can't also try your best to look beautiful. There’s no reason to feel guilty about being moved by beauty’s power. It moves us all.
44. Which of the following proverbs has the opposite meaning of Aristotle’s sentence in Paragraph 2?
A. Never judge a book by its cover. B. Act on second thoughts.
C. Leave your luck while winning. D. Great minds think alike.
45. The underlined word “homely” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by ____.
A. attractive B. plain C. beautiful D. handsome
46. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
A. People are all slaves to beauty.
B. Beauty can ensure good jobs.
C. Advanced technology helps improve beauty.
D. People value beauty over other virtues.
47. What’s the best title of this passage?
A. The Power of Beauty B. Huge Costs of Beauty
C. Bad Effects of Beauty D. Various Ways to Beauty
【答案】44. A 45. B 46. C 47. A
【解析】
本文是說明文。文章講述了美麗可以給人帶來很多好處，例如：漂亮的人更有可能成為父母和老師的最愛、更有可能找到好工作、更有可能從陌生人那里得到幫助。但生活中有比美更重要的東西，被美的力量感動，并不需要有罪惡感，因為所有的人都受它感動。
【44題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Beauty is a greater recommendation than any letter of introduction.”可知，亞里士多德說：“美是比任何介紹信都要有用的推薦函”。A.不要以貌取人；B.三思而后行；C.了解事物成熟的時機，并善加利用；D.英雄所見略同。因此A項與亞里士多德所說的相反。故選A。
【45題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中的“We simply treat beautiful people better than we do others.”可知，我們就是會對美麗的人比較好。劃線詞所在的句子是在為這個觀點舉例子，劃線詞所在句子中的than表示二者的比較，其中的一個是?a beautiful author(漂亮的作者)，則另一個是長相一般的作者。A. attractive吸引人的；B. plain平常的，樸素的；C. beautiful美麗的；D. handsome帥氣的。故選B。
【46題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“These days, women and men both rely on advanced technology to improve their beauty.”可知，如今，男人和女人都依靠先進的技術來改善自己的美麗。即C項（高科技有助于改善美麗）正確。故選C。
【47題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章講述了美麗可以給人帶來很多好處，例如：漂亮的人更有可能成為父母和老師的最愛、更有可能找到好工作、更有可能從陌生人那里得到幫助。但生活中有比美更重要的東西，被美的力量感動，并不需要有罪惡感，因為所有的人都受它感動。因此A項The Power of Beauty(美麗的力量)符合文章內(nèi)容，可以作為標題。故選A。
C
It was April 14, 2016. It was the first full day of Kobe Bryant’s new chapter as a retired NBA player. All he had done the night before was score 60 points in his farewell game, not getting out of Staples Center until around midnight.
His staff at Kobe, Inc. were certain they would beat their boss to the office that morning. They were wrong. He beat everyone there by two hours. “We have a lot of work to do,” Bryant told them. Even in retirement, Bryant found no substitute for hard work. Kobe Bean Bryant was many things: one of the greatest players in basketball history, a five-time NBA champion, Olympic gold medalist, a fluent speaker of multiple languages, a resident of the world, an Oscar winner, the self-described Black Mamba that started as a nickname and became his brand, someone so good he had two numbers retired by the Los Angeles Lakers.
Tears, as would be expected once the news broke of Bryant’s death in a helicopter crash in Southern California on Sunday, flowed freely in the NBA world. The best ones, the ones like James and Leonard and lonescu and Neymar, were all like Bryant. Driven. Obsessed with their skill. Those are the sort of people Bryant enjoyed most. He didn't have much patience for any thing else.
His toughness was legendary (享有盛名的). Bryant hurt his knees on a play in 2013 but he played through the game because the game was so important in the playoff race. “We were down two. Had to tie the game first.” Bryant said years later, when asked why he stayed in the game.
His commitment (敬業(yè)) was legendary. There was a game in 2011 in Miami where the Lakers lost by six, and Bryant was so displeased with his performance that he went back to the court for 90 minutes of uninterrupted shooting that went on until after midnight. His teammates were on Miami Beach for dinner. Bryant was working instead. “It’s my job,” Bryant said.
He was as driven in his storytelling life as he was in his playing days. Kobe, Inc. wasn’t just a cool name. It was his world. He wanted to inspire kids through books that combined the worlds of sports and story. He was considering the idea of taking his stories to Broadway. He won an Oscar for “Dear Basketball,” a short film in 2018 that had been converted from a poem that he penned when he decided it was time to retire from playing the game.
He wasn’t joking when talking to his staff on April 14, 2016. Kobe Bryant still had a lot of work to do. The tribute (悼念) will continue, though at last fade away. The influence will be forever.
48. The underlined word “converted” in paragraph 6 can be replaced by_____.
A. adapted B. adopted C. accepted D. achieved
49. Why did Kobe Bryant have two numbers retired by the Los Angeles Lakers?
A. It was the common practice to do so in NBA.
B. It was the reward for his excellent performance.
C. The numbers once used are not accepted by others.
D. The numbers are forever in memory of his death.
50. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?
A. Kobe’s spirits will be long-lasting after his death.
B. Kobe never goes out dining with his teammates.
C. Kobe got the nickname Black Mamba from his fans.
D. Kobe had a good relax after his farewell game.
51. Suppose this passage is from a magazine, which column do you think it belongs to?
A. Current Affairs. B. Global Personage. C. Financial window. D. Culture Online.
【答案】48. A 49. B 50. A 51. B
【解析】
本文是說明文。文章講述了籃球巨星科比·布萊恩特的事跡，介紹了科比取得的成就，做出的貢獻等，深深的悼念對科比的去世，科比精神將長久存在。
【48題詳解】
詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文a short film in 2018 that had been converted from a poem that he penned when he decided it was time to retire from playing the game(一部2018年的短片，從他寫的一首詩中convert而來，是他決定退休時，寫下的一首詩)可推斷，短片是由詩歌改編的，與adapt意義相同，故選A。
【49題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)上文Kobe Bean Bryant was many things: one of the greatest players in basketball history, a five-time NBA champion, Olympic gold medalist, a fluent speaker of multiple languages, a resident of the world, an Oscar winner, the self-described Black Mamba that started as a nickname and became his brand(科比·布萊恩特是籃球史上最偉大的球員之一，五次獲得NBA冠軍，奧運會金牌得主，一位流利的多種語言演講者，一位世界居民，奧斯卡獲獎者，自稱為黑曼巴，開始作為一個昵稱，成為他的品牌)可推斷，他是如此優(yōu)秀以至于他有兩個號碼被洛杉磯湖人隊退役，這是對他優(yōu)秀表現(xiàn)的獎勵。故選B。
【50題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一句The tribute (悼念) will continue, though at last fade away. The influence will be forever.(悼念繼續(xù)，盡管最終會消失，但是影響將是永遠)可推斷，科比精神在他死后將長久存在。故選A。
【51題詳解】
推理判斷題。文章講述有關籃球巨星科比的事情，因此推斷，文章如果來自雜志，應該出現(xiàn)在環(huán)球人物上，不可能是今日時事，經(jīng)濟之窗或者在線文化。故選B。
D
I first visited China in 1979, a few months after our countries normalized relations. China was just beginning to remake its economy, and I was in the first Senate Delegation (參議院代表團)to witness it. Traveling through the country last month, I could see how much China had changed in 32 years.
Then , as now there were concerns about what a growing China meant to America and the world. Some here see China's growth as a threat. Some Chinese worry our aim in the Asia-Pacific is to contain China's rise. I don't agree to these views. We are clear about concern like China's growing military abilities. That is why we are working with the Chinese military to understand and shape their thinking. It is why the president has directed the United States to keep a strong position in the area. I am sure that a successful China can make our country more prosperous(繁榮的),not less. We share common challenges and responsibilities. The Chinese leaders I met with know their country must shift from an economy driven by exports, investment and heavy industry to one driven more by consumption and services. As Americans save more and Chinese buy more, this change will speed up, opening opportunities for us. Even as the United States and China cooperate, we also compete. I strongly believe that the United States can and will benefit from this competition.
Maybe more important, the nature of 21st century competition favors the United States. In the 20th century, we measured a nation's wealth mainly by its natural resources, its land mass, its population and its army. In the 21st century, the true wealth of a nation is found in the creative minds of its people and their ability to innovate (創(chuàng)新).As I told students in Chengdu, the United States is born for innovation. Competition is the base of our society. We owe our strength to our political and economic system and to the way we educate our children. We not only tolerate but celebrate free expression and debate. Our universities remain attractive to the world's students and scholars.
Fundamental rights are universal. Liberty unlocks a people's full potential , while its absence causes unrest. Open and free societies are best at promoting long-term growth. We have our own work to do. We need to ensure that any American willing to work can find a good job. We need to keep attracting the world's top talent. I've traveled half a million miles around the world. I always come home feeling the same confidence in our future . Some may warn of America's failure, but I'm not among them. And let me reassure you : based on my time in China, neither are the Chinese.
52. In the author's eyes, .
A. the growing China has become a threat to America.
B. there's only competition between China and America.
C. Chinese universities have surpassed American ones.
D. a bright future is waiting for both China and America.
53. After reading the passage, we can infer this passage is a (an)____.
A. speech B. notice C. announcement D. script
54. The author's opinion of the cooperation between China and America is____.
A. critical B. optimistic C. pessimistic D. indifferent
55. According to the passage, the author may be a (an) .
A. senior official of America B. businessman of China
C. senior official of China D. actor of America
【答案】52. D 53. A 54. B 55. A
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇議論文。文章主要在講述中國和美國之間是合作競爭關系，美國受益于這種關系，美國的創(chuàng)新精神和自由權利讓作者對美國的未來充滿信心。一個光明的未來正等待著中國和美國。
【52題詳解】
推理判斷題。由第二段的“ I am sure that a successful China can make our country more prosperous(繁榮的),not less. We share common challenges and responsibilities.As Americans save more and Chinese buy more, this change will speed up, opening opportunities for us.”可知，我仍然堅信，中國的成功可促進我國的繁榮，不會削弱我國的繁榮。我們有共同的挑戰(zhàn)和責任。隨著美國人增加儲蓄，中國人擴大消費，這一轉(zhuǎn)型將加速進行，從而為我們創(chuàng)造機會。由此判斷出，在作者看來，一個光明的未來正等待著中國和美國。D選項正確。
【53題詳解】
推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章主要在講述中國和美國之間是合作競爭關系，美國受益于這種關系，美國的創(chuàng)新精神和自由權利讓作者對美國的未來充滿信心。一個光明的未來正等待著中國和美國。由最后一段最后一句“And let me reassure you : based on my time in China, neither are the Chinese.”可知，我可以向你們保證：根據(jù)我在中國的經(jīng)歷，中國人也不認為如此?？芍?，這篇文章作者是在發(fā)表言論去說服民眾。由此判斷出短文是一篇演講。故A選項正確。
【54題詳解】
推理判斷題。由第二段“As Americans save more and Chinese buy more, this change will speed up, opening opportunities for us.”和最后一段“I always come home feeling the same confidence in our future .”可知，隨著美國人增加儲蓄，中國人擴大消費，這一轉(zhuǎn)型將加速進行，從而為我們創(chuàng)造機會。每次回國，我都感到對我們的未來同樣充滿信心。由此可判斷出，作者對中國和美國之間的合作關系是持積極樂觀態(tài)度。結(jié)合選項可知，B選項正確。
【55題詳解】
推理判斷題。由第一段第二句“China was just beginning to remake its economy, and I was in the first Senate Delegation (參議院代表團)to witness it.”可知，中國剛剛開始重建經(jīng)濟，我作為第一個參議院訪華代表團的成員見證了這個演變的階段。由此可測，作者是一名美國高級官員。故A選項正確。
【點睛】推理判斷題的核心：在文中能找到依據(jù)去推斷選項的成立，選項和文中信息之間的關系絕對不是簡單的重復，或者脫離文中信息，而是文中信息深一層暗含的意義。所以解答推理判斷題，最好以文中信息表達的意思為基礎，去分析對比選項和文中信息之間的相關性。如本小題4，由第一段第二句“China was just beginning to remake its economy, and I was in the first Senate Delegation (參議院代表團)to witness it.”可知，該句表達的意思是中國剛剛開始重建經(jīng)濟，我作為第一個參議院訪華代表團的成員見證了這個演變的階段。分析該句可知，“我在第一個參議院代表團”這個信息是在描述作者的身份。對比選項，選項A表達的是美國高級官員， “高級官員”是“參議院代表團”的成員，“高級官員”和“參議院代表團”相關，故選A。
江蘇省鹽城中學2019-2020學年高二英語下學期期中試題
第一節(jié)（共10小題：每小題2分，滿分20分）
請認真閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項, 并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。
A
Deciding to get her money’s worth out of the wedding dress on which she spent over $1,000, an Australian woman has been wearing her wedding dress, a year after her wedding.
43-year-old Tammy Hall adopted a new lifestyle—anti-consumerism (反消費主義) lifestyle in 2016, after a trip to India opened her eyes to how much we as a society consumed. She decided not to buy any new clothes or footwear for a whole year after she returned home to Adelaide, in Southern Australia, and she managed to make it.
But last year, as her wedding day approached, she faced a dilemma. She wanted to look good on the most important day of her life, but how could she spend a small fortune on the wedding dress she would only wear on that day?
“In the end I decided that if I was going to get a wedding dress, I’d make sure I could get my money’s worth,” Hall tells PA Real Life.
“The first time I wore it after the wedding was to vote in the Australian election in early 2019,” the 43-year-old adds. “Since then, it’s been to all sorts of places. Wearing it on a crowded train was especially funny, but I’ve worn it to do housework, to football games and to the gym.”
Hall says that she has got some strange looks from people, but no irritating comments. It may have something to do with the fact that the dress is not the fanciest, but she believes people are just too reserved to say anything. Anyway, she doesn’t really care, because she knows she has to hit the goal she has set and wearing the dress multiple times is the most reasonable way she could think of to make the most of her wedding dress.
Hall now plans to wear her wedding dress on a trip to Iceland that she and her partner will take nest summer.
41. Why did Tammy Hall adopt a new lifestyle?
A. To adapt herself to Indian life. B. To save money for her next trip.
C. To cut down her consumption. D. To get prepared for her wedding.
42. What did Tammy Hall do to get her money’s worth out of her wedding dress?
A. She brought fun to people with it B. She wore it repeatedly in daily life.
C. She tried to wear it to earn money. D. She got it exchanged again and again
43. What can we infer about Tammy Hall?
A. She has been struggling to make ends meet.
B. She has influenced people’s lifestyle widely.
C. She values her wedding dress less than her trips.
D. She is determined to turn her ideas into practice.
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. D
【解析】
這是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了43歲的Tammy Hall在2016年接受了一種新的生活方式，并為了讓自己花了1000多美元買的婚紗物有所值，她決定在日常生活中穿上自己的婚紗。她并不真的在乎別人的看法。
【41題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中43-year-old Tammy Hall adopted a new lifestyle—anti-consumerism (反消費主義) lifestyle in 2016, after a trip to India opened her eyes to how much we as a society consumed. 43歲的Tammy Hall在2016年接受了一種新的生活方式——反消費主義的生活方式，之前的一次印度之旅讓她看清了我們這個社會的消費是多么的多?？芍?，Tammy Hall選擇一種新的生活方式是為了減少她的消費。故選C項。
【42題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Since then, it’s been to all sorts of places. Wearing it on a crowded train was especially funny, but I’ve worn it to do housework, to football games and to the gym.” “從那以后，它去了很多地方。在擁擠的火車上穿著它特別有趣，但我也曾穿著它做家務、踢足球和去健身房?！笨芍?，為了讓她的錢從婚紗中物有所值，Tammy Hall在日常生活中反復穿著她的婚紗。故選B項。
【43題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中Anyway, she doesn’t really care, because she knows she has to hit the goal she has set and wearing the dress multiple times is the most reasonable way she could think of to make the most of her wedding dress. 無論如何，她并不真的在乎，因為她知道她必須要達到她設定的目標，穿幾次婚紗是她能想到的最合理的方式來充分利用她的婚紗?？芍?，Tammy Hall有決心把她自己的想法付諸實踐。故選D項。
B
Sleepiness and boredom lead to yawning (打哈欠), so it has long been believed that the action makes us feel more awake by stretching the muscles surrounding the lungs, or by bringing more oxygen to the blood and the brain. Yet in tests, breathing air with high levels of carbon dioxide or even pure oxygen made no difference to the frequency of yawns.
Another theory, proposed by the French physician Olivier, is that yawning improves the circulation of the fluid (液體) that surrounds the brain. As a result, we can focus better on a task. This might explain why athletes often yawn naturally before they compete.
Recently, though, a new explanation has appeared: Yawning is a way to cool the brain. Experiments led by Gordon Gallup at the University at Albany showed that people yawned far less when their head was cooled by a cold pack compared with holding a heated pack to their forehead The temperature of the brain rises when we are tired, so it is possible that yawning is a way to protect the brain from overheating due to tiredness.
But a strange thing is that when we see another person yawn, we catch it too. In other words, yawning is contagious.
How can we make sense of these different types of yawning? It’s possible that contagious yawning is something different, and might have a social purpose. Steven Palek and his colleagues at the University at Albany say that contagious yawning may be linked to our ability to understand what others want to do. If you are good at reading others’ facial expressions you are more likely to “catch” a yawn. Therefore, lonely people tend to be less affected by yawing, according to research by Atsushi Senju, now at Birkbeck, University of London.
So the simple act of yawning tursout to be surprisingly complex Has this research made you yawn yet?
44. Based on the theory of Olivier, yawning ________.
A. is caused by lack of sleep
B. contributes to concentration
C. is a way to bring more oxygen to the blood
D. increases the circulation of the fluid in lungs
45. The underlined word “contagious” in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _________.
A. Infectious B. Influential
C. Attractive D. Comfortable
46. How is the passage mainly developed?
A. By making comparisons.
B. By listing different figures.
C. By providing explanations.
D. By telling personal experiences.
【答案】44. B 45. A 46. C
【解析】
本文是一篇說明文，從不同的角度解釋了打哈欠的現(xiàn)象。
【44題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Another theory, proposed by the French physician Olivier, is that yawning improves the circulation of the fluid (液體) that surrounds the brain. As a result, we can focus better on a task.”可知，法國醫(yī)生奧利維爾提出的理論是，打哈欠可以改善大腦周圍的血液循環(huán)，因此，我們可以更好地專注于一項任務，也就是說打哈欠有助于集中注意力，故B項正確。
【45題詳解】
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞前的“when we see another person yawn, we catch it too”可知，當我們看到另一個人打哈欠時，我們也會跟著打哈欠，這說明打哈欠會傳染，由此可知畫線詞詞義為“傳染的”.A. Infectious 傳染的；B. Influential有影響力的；C. Attractive吸引人的；D.Comfortable 舒服的。故A項正確。
【46題詳解】
推理判斷題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段中的“it has long been believed that the action makes us feel more awake by stretching the muscles surrounding the lungs, or by bringing more oxygen to the blood and the brain.”，第二段中的“Another theory, proposed by the French physician Olivier, is that yawning improves the circulation of the fluid (液體) that surrounds the brain. As a result, we can focus better on a task.”，第三段中的“Yawning is a way to cool the brain.”及第四段中的“In other words, yawning iscontagious.”可知，本文分別從四個角度解釋了打哈欠的現(xiàn)象，即：打哈欠讓我們保持清醒、打哈欠讓我們更專注、打哈欠可以給大腦降溫、打哈欠會傳染，因此，文章是通過提供解釋來行文的，故C項正確。
C
When a laptop or smartphone battery starts losing its power, the only options are to buy an expensive replacement or just keep it plugged in all the time. But a woman Mya Le Thai may have found the solution to this problem.
Thai was frustrated that the batteries for her wireless devices degraded (退化) over time, until they failed to charge fully. She did not like having to keep her laptop connected to an electrical outlet to keep it powered on. So, she decided to do something about that problem. At first, she and her team at UC Irvine thought about inventing a new battery. But as they experimented, Thai discovered something that might permit lithium-ion (鋰離子) batteries to last forever.
Lithium-ion batteries power most wireless devices. Over time, the batteries lose the ability to hold a charge. Most of these batteries have a lifespan of about 7,000 charging cycles before they die. One of the reasons lithium-ion batteries degrade is their use of nanowires to carry electricity. Nano wires are extremely thin. A human hair is thousands of times thicker, for example. Nano wires are extremely efficient carriers of electricity, which makes them useful in batteries.
But, Thai had a theory — the nanowires might last longer if covered with a gel (凝膠). She and her team tested this theory. “It was a long process and a lot of work,” Thai said. The team tried many coverings for the wires. PMMA, a type of plastic, was one of them. The nanowires were coated with PMMA and cycled through charging 200,000 times. The PMMA-coated nanowires showed no evidence of damage. The results suggest that batteries could last forever without losing charging ability.
Thai hopes to continue her research to understand why this gel works so well and to see if any other gel could create better results and she is enjoying the publicity about her discovery. She said she never expected her research to get media coverage. “It’s kind of cool,” she said. “I’m really glad people are showing interest in my work and not just in the work itself; but also in technology and energy.”
47. Why did Mya Le Thai work on lithium-ion batteries?
A She disliked the batteries for her laptop.
B. Her team were ordered to invent a new battery.
C. Many people thought batteries were too expensive.
D. The batteries would soon fail to get fully charged.
48. What can we infer about nanowires?
A. They are too weak to carry electricity.
B. They are not suitable to use in batteries.
C. They Iasi exactly 7,000 charging cycles.
D. Their thinness is a cause of batteries degrading.
49. What was Thai and her team’s breakthrough?
A. Coating nanowires in a gel. B. A new kind of battery.
C. New materials for batteries. D. A new way of charging batteries.
50. What may be the best title for the passage?
A. Mya Le Thai discovered nanowires B. A woman invents a lasting battery
C. The options of batteries for wireless devices D. The reasons for batteries degrading
【答案】47. D 48. D 49. A 50. B
【解析】
這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了Mya Le Thai女士因為不喜歡自己電池退化的電子設備一直連著電源，所以和自己的團隊經(jīng)過努力研發(fā)了一種用PMMA凝膠包裹的納米線，這樣，利用納米線傳輸電力的電池的使用壽命被延長了很多。
【47題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的Thai was frustrated that the batteries for her wireless devices degraded (退化) over time, until they failed to charge fully. She did not like having to keep her laptop connected to an electrical outlet to keep it powered on. So, she decided to do something about that problem. (Tai很沮喪，隨著時間的推移她的無線設備的電池退化，直到它們不能完全充電。她不喜歡把筆記本連接到電源插座上充電。所以，她決定做點什么來解決這個問題)可知，因為無線設備的電池不能完全充電，所以Tai開始研究鋰離子電池。D. The batteries would soon fail to get fully charged.(電池很快就不能完全充電)符合以上說法，故選D項。
【48題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的Most of these batteries have a lifespan of about 7,000 charging cycles before they die. One of the reasons lithium-ion batteries degrade is their use of nanowires to carry electricity. Nano wires are extremely thin. (大多數(shù)電池在不能使用前可以充電7000多次。鋰離子電池退化的原因之一是用納米線來傳輸電力。納米線非常細)可推測，由于納米線非常細，導致鋰離子電池的使用壽命不長。D. Their thinness is a cause of batteries degrading.(它們很細是電池退化的一個原因)符合以上說法，故選D項。
【49題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的The team tried many coverings for the wires. PMMA, a type of plastic, was one of them. The nanowires were coated with PMMA and cycled through charging 200,000 times. The PMMA-coated nanowires showed no evidence of damage. The results suggest that batteries could last forever without losing charging ability.(這個團隊嘗試過用很多東西來包裹納米線。PMMA，一種塑料，就是其中之一。納米線涂上PMMA后，可以循環(huán)充電20萬次。且包裹納米線的PMMA沒有損傷的跡象。研究結(jié)果表明，電池可以永遠使用而不會損耗)可知，Tai和她的團隊在給納米線涂上一層PMMA塑料凝膠后，電池的充電次數(shù)達到了20萬次，這是一個巨大的突破。A. Coating nanowires in a gel.(給納米線涂上凝膠)符合以上說法，故選A項。
【50題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其是第一段的But a woman Mya Le Thai may have found the solution to this problem. (但是一個名叫Mya Le Thai的女士可能已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了解決這個問題的方法)可知，本文主要講述了Mya Le Thai女士因為不喜歡自己電池退化的電子設備一直連著電源，所以和自己的團隊經(jīng)過努力研發(fā)了一種用PMMA凝膠包裹的納米線，這樣，利用納米線傳輸電力的電池的使用壽命被延長了很多。B. A woman invents a lasting battery(一個女士發(fā)明了一種持久的電池)可以作為本文標題，故選B項。
江蘇省泰州中學2019-2020學年高二英語下學期期中試題
第一節(jié)(共15 小題，每小題2分，滿分30分)
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。
A
Fire Prevention Information
The University of Adelaide employs a full-time staff of fire prevention professionals. They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(噴水滅火裝置)systems, fire alarms and fire extinguishers(滅火器).They also provide educational programs or fire safety in the residence hall. Whenever you move to a new area, you should locate the fire alarm purl stations and the two exits nearest your room.
Fire Alarms
The floors of all campus buildings are equipped with manual fire alarm systems which include fire alarm pull stations and pipes.Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors,smoke detectors and sprinklers.For your safety,never tamper with(胡亂擺弄)these systems.False fire alarms are illegal and may lead to imprisonment.
Fire Drills
A fire drill will be conducted in your residence hall every semester.During a fire drill,please do the following:
Take your room key and IDclose and lock the door to your room.
Exit immediately from the nearest emergency exit;do not use a lift.
Meet outside of your residence hall and wait for further instructions.
Fire Extinguishers
Fire extinguishers are located on each floor and in each apartmentUse a fire extinguisher only if you have been trained to do so.Irresponsible use of a fire extinguisher can create a dangerous situation for other residents and could result in damage to personal property.Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.
Smoke Detector
A smoke detector is on the ceiling in your room.Some buildings also have heat detectors on the ceilings.Do the following to ensure the safe operation of your smoke detector:
If your smoke detector is working properly,the red light should be on.If the red light is not blinking(閃動)，contact residence hall staff immediately.
Do not cover or block your smoke detector in any way.
If a smoke detector sets off an alarm and there is no fire or smoke,inform your hall staff.
21. What is the main duty of the fire prevention professionals?
A. To provide part-time jobs for students.
B. To lead the students to the nearest exits.
C. To check and maintain fire prevention equipment.
D. To train teachers to be fire prevention professionals..
22. What do the automatic fire alarm systems include?
A. Pipes and smoke detectors.
B. Smoke detectors and sprinklers.
C. Fire alarm pull stations and pipes.
D. Sprinklers and fire alarm pull stations
23 What do we know about the use of fire extinguishers?
A. Using them wrongly results in punishment.
B. Irresponsible use of them can damage them.
C. Improper use of them can destroy the apartment.
D. Using them without a trainer present is forbidden.
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. A
【解析】
這是一篇說明文。介紹了防火的相關信息，包括：警報器的種類、消防演習的注意事項、滅火器的使用、煙霧檢測器的信息。
【21題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“They inspect all campus buildings and test and maintain all sprinkler(噴水滅火裝置)systems.”（他們檢查校園所有建筑，測試并維修所有噴水滅火裝置系統(tǒng)。）可知，防火專業(yè)人員的主要責任是檢查和維修防火設備。故選C。
【22題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Fire Alarms中的“Most are also equipped with automatic fire alarm systems consisting of heat detectors, smoke detectors and sprinklers.”（大部分樓層也配備了火災自動報警系統(tǒng)，火災自動報警系統(tǒng)由高溫檢測器、煙霧檢測器和消防噴淋組成。）可知，火災自動報警系統(tǒng)包括高溫檢測器、煙霧檢測器和消防噴淋。故選B。
【23題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Fire Extinguishers中的“Misuse of a fire extinguisher will result in fines.”（錯誤使用滅火器將會導致罰款。）可知，錯誤地使用滅火器會導致受到懲罰。故選A。
B
Cells in our brain usually send a “stop eating” signal when we've eaten enough. But in a study, researchers found that after mice ate fatty food for just two weeks, their brains brake on overeating failed.
Researchers at the University of Washington in Seattle conducted the study.They shared their findings in Science.Garret Stuber is a professor at the University of Washington.He and his team mainly focused on one brain area known-to be connected with eating behavior.This brain area contains many different kinds of cells.Researchers noticed big differences between the glutamatergic nerve cells(谷氨酸神經(jīng)細胞)of the fat mice and those of the thin mice.And the earlier work by Stuber's group had suggested that these cells act like a brake on overeating.When the researchers stopped these cells from working,mice suddenly overate.They also fattened up. But it wasn't clear how these cells' activity changed as the mice changed from being slim to being fat.
“Being fat doesn't just happen overnight,”notes Stuber.To study that gradual fattening up,his group did a new study.They fed mice with high-fat food.Now and again,they used a microscope to look at how well the animals 'glutamatergic nerve cells could send out signals.During the process,they found the activity of these glutamatergic nerve cells slowed,even before the mice became fat.That cell sluggishness(怠惰)continued as the mice grew larger over a 12-week period.
The results suggest that the high-fat diet is removing the brake on overeating and becoming fat,”says Stephanie Borgland,a professor at the University of Calgary in Canada. Stuber's group doesn't know whether these brain cells will go back to normal if the mice stop eating the fatty food and slim down.It would be hard to keep monitoring the same cells over the months it would likely take for the mice to return to a healthy body weight,”explains Stuber.And it's hard to say whether similar cells control the same thing in humans.
“Having high-fat diets probably affects a much wider family of cells than those studied here,” Stuber notes. “Changes,” he says, “are probably happening across the brain.” Understanding those things might help us find better ways of limiting overeating.
24. What did researchers find in the study?
A. Mice tended to become sluggish if they often overate.
B. Having high-fat diets affected many kinds of brain cells.
C. Mice began to overeat after eating fatty food for a period.
D. The number of brain cells would drop when mice overate.
25. Why was a new study conducted?
A. To prove that fatty food was bad for health.
B. To know more about that gradual weight-gain.
C. To collect more information about the mice 's cells.
D. To observe how long it would take for the mice to grow fat.
26. What does the last but one paragraph mainly show?
A. It's still difficult to answer some questions.
B. It's hard to find the similar brain area in humans.
C. It's wrong to apply what suits animals to humans.
D. It's necessary to keep monitoring the mice for long.
27. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A personal diary.
B. A useful guidebook.
C. A science magazine.
D. An adventure novel
【答案】24. C 25. B 26. A 27. C
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇說明文。介紹了老鼠暴飲暴食、變胖與高脂食物和大腦谷氨酸神經(jīng)細胞之間關系的一個研究。
【24題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“But in a study, researchers found that after mice ate fatty food for just two weeks, their brains brake on overeating failed.”（但是在一項研究中，研究員發(fā)現(xiàn)在老鼠吃過高脂食物僅僅兩周后，它們的大腦關于暴飲暴食的剎車失靈了。）可知，研究員研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在吃過高脂食物一段時間后，老鼠會開始暴飲暴食。故選C。
【25題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“To study that gradual fattening up, his group did a new study.”（為了研究（老鼠）逐漸變胖的（過程），他的團隊做了一項新的研究。）可知，實施新研究是為了了解更多老鼠是怎樣變胖的。故選B。
【26題詳解】
段落大意題。根據(jù)段數(shù)第二段的內(nèi)容和其中的關鍵句“Stuber's group doesn't know whether these brain cells will go back to normal if the mice stop eating the fatty food and slim down.”（Stuber的團隊不知道，如果這些老鼠不再吃高脂食物，瘦下來，這些大腦細胞是否將會變回正常的狀態(tài)。）“it's hard to say whether similar cells control the same thing in humans.”（很難說人體內(nèi)是否有相似的細胞控制著同樣的東西。）可知，倒數(shù)二段表明仍然有一些問題難以回答。故選A。
【27題詳解】
推理判斷題。本文主要講了老鼠變胖與高脂食物和大腦谷氨酸神經(jīng)細胞之間關系的一個研究。屬于科學知識的講解，因此推測可能來自科學雜志。故選C。
【點睛】推理判斷題是閱讀理解中常見的題型，要求考生根據(jù)作者暗示的內(nèi)容，推斷出合理的結(jié)論。一般包括細節(jié)推斷、作者意圖等。本文第四小題是針對文章來源的判斷，根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容可以推斷出本應該文來自科學雜志。
C
Air pollution may be causing baldness, scientists have shown for the first time. A new study found that fine particulate matter emitted by cars would damage the skin that holds hair follicles (毛囊) in place. A series of laboratory tests on human cells showed that levels of the crucial proteins needed for hair to grow and be retained decreased when they were exposed to pollution particles. While there is a growing body of evidence showing how these tiny particles can damage internal health, including by entering the bloodstream through the lungs, this is the first to demonstrate such a risk to the surface of the body.
The study was conducted by exposing cells from the human follicle dermal papilla cells(HFDPCs), to various concentrations of PM10-like dust and diesel particles (柴油顆粒). After 24 hours the researchers performed a process, known as western blotting, to detect the levels of specific proteins in the cells.
The results showed that the presence of PM10 and diesel particles decreased levels of B-catenin, the protein responsible for hair growth. The study also revealed that the levels of three other proteins — cyclin D1, cyclin E and CDK2, which are responsible for hair growth and hair retention, were decreased by PM10-like dust and diesel particles in a “dose-dependent” manner.
Dr Hyuk Chul Kwon, who led the study at the Future Science Research Centre, said, “While the link between air pollution and serious diseases such as cancer and lung diseases is well established, there is little-to-no research on the effect of particulate matter exposure on the human skin and hair in particular. Our research explains the mode of action of air pollutants on HFDPCs, showing how the most common air pollutants lead to hair loss.”
Sources of PM include the burning of fossil fuels — petrol and diesel, as well as other solid fuels,and other industrial activities such as building, mining and the manufacturing of building materials like bricks.
“While it is difficult to escape from the surrounding pollution, limiting the time for walking in busy streets, especially during rush hour, should help reduce exposure,” said Dr Kwon. “If you are exercising outdoors, try to do so in areas that are less polluted and do not spend too much time waiting at traffic hot spots such as traffic lights.”
28. What did the new study find?
A. Air pollution can do great harm to our lungs.
B. The color of our skin can be influenced by air pollution.
C. Serious air pollution can probably prevent hair from growing.
D. Air pollution can affect hair growth by entering the bloodstream.
29. What is western blotting used to do?
A. To discover the protein helpful for hair growth.
B To show the protein contents in the cells.
C. To compare different proteins in the cells.
D. To analyze the composition of hair cells.
30. What can we learn from Dr Hyuk Chul Kwon’s words?
A. His new research is superior to previous research.
B. The research he conducted is really of great importance.
C. The results of his new research need to be further improved.
D. A link between air pollution and diseases needs to be established.
31. What does Dr Kwon advise us to do?
A. To do as much exercise as possible.
B. To take action to reduce air pollution.
C. To avoid being exposed to air pollution.
D. To take public transport to avoid traffic jams.
【答案】28. C 29. B 30. B 31. C
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項科學研究，研究表明接觸常見空氣污染物與人類脫發(fā)有關。
【28題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段Air pollution may be causing baldness,scientists have shown for the first time. A new study found that fine particulate matter emitted by cars would damage the skin that holds hair follicles (毛囊) in place.(科學家首次表明，空氣污染可能導致禿頂。一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，汽車排放的細顆粒物會損害保持毛囊位置的皮膚)可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)嚴重的空氣污染可能會不利于頭發(fā)生長。故選C。
【29題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段After 24 hours the researchers performed a process, known as western blotting, to detect the levels of specific proteins in the cells.(24小時后，研究人員進行了western blotting檢測細胞中特定蛋白的水平)可知，western blotting(蛋白質(zhì)印跡法)是用來檢測細胞中蛋白質(zhì)含量的。故選B。
【30題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段Dr Hyuk Chul Kwon 的話While the link between air pollution and serious diseases such as cancer and lung diseases is well established, there is little-to-no research on the effect of particulate matter exposure on the human skin and hair in particular. Our research explains the mode of action of air pollutants on HFDPCs, showing how the most common air pollutants lead to hair loss.(雖然空氣污染與癌癥和肺病等嚴重疾病之間的聯(lián)系得到廣泛的研究，但是幾乎沒有研究關注接觸污染物對人類的皮膚和頭發(fā)的影響。我們的研究解釋了空氣污染物對人類毛囊真皮乳頭細胞的作用模式，顯示了最常見的空氣污染物如何導致脫發(fā))可知，他實施的這個研究是有重要意義的。A、C、D選項內(nèi)容文中均沒有提到。故選B。
【31題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段Dr Kwon 說的話If you are exercising outdoors,try to do so in areas that are less polluted and do not spend too much time waiting at traffic hot spots such as traffic lights.(如果你要戶外鍛煉，盡量在污染較少的地方，不要在交通熱點的地方，比如紅綠燈路口，等待太久)可知，Dr Kwon建議我們盡量避免暴露在空氣污染的地方。故選C。
【點睛】推理判斷題要求考生在理解文章陳述的觀點或描述的事實的基礎上，領悟作者的言外之意，得出符合作者意圖的結(jié)論。如第3小題，根據(jù)Dr Hyuk Chul Kwon說的話，我們可以知道這項研究是首次提出的，是具有重要意義的。但作者并沒有比較這項新研究與之前的研究哪個更好，只是說研究的方向不同而已。
D
Haw wondered why he had always thought that a change would lead to something worse.Now he realized that change could lead to something better.
“Why didn't I see this before?”he asked himself.
Then he raced through the Maze with greater strength and agility.Before long,he found a Cheese Station and became excited as he noticed little pieces of New Cheese near the entrance.
They were types of Cheeses he had never seen before,but they looked great.He tried them and found that they were delicious.He ate most of the New Cheese bits that were available and put a few in his pocket to have later and perhaps share with Hem.He began to regain his strength.
He entered the Cheese Station with great excitement.But,to his disappointment,he found it was empty.Someone had already been there and had left only the few bits of New Cheese.
He realized that if he had moved sooner,he would very likely have found a good deal of New Cheese here.
Haw decided to go back and see if Hem was ready to join him.
As he retraced his steps,he stopped and wrote on the wall:
The quicker you let go of old cheese,the sooner you find new cheese.
After a while,Haw made his way back to Cheese Station C and found Hem.He offered Hem bits of New Cheese,but was turned down.
Hem appreciated his friend's gesture but said,”I don't think I would like New Cheese.It's not what I'm used to.I want my own Cheese back and I'm not going to change until I get what I want.”
Haw just shook his head in disappointment and reluctantly went back out on his own.As he returned to the farthest point he had reached in the Maze,he missed his friend,but realized he liked what he was discovering.Even before he found what he hoped would be a great supply of New Cheese,if ever,he knew that what made him happy wasn't just having Cheese.
He was happy when he wasn't being run by his fear.He liked what he was doing now.
Knowing this,Haw didn't feel as weak as he did when he stayed in Cheese Station C with no Cheese.Just realizing he was not letting his fear stop him,and knowing that he had taken a new direction,nourished him and gave him strength.
Now he felt that it was just a question of time before he found what he needed.In fact,he sensed he had already found what he was looking for.
He smiled as he realized:
It Is Safer To Search In The Maze Than Remain In A Cheseless Station
Haw realized again,as he had once before,that what you are afraid of is never as bad as what you imagine.The fear you let build up in your mind is worse than the situation that actually exists.
He'd been so afraid of never finding New Cheese that he hadn't even wanted to start looking. But since starting his journey,he had found enough Cheese in the corridors to keep him going. Now he looked forward to finding more.Just looking ahead was becoming exciting
His old thinking had been clouded by his worries and fears.
But that had changed in the days since he had left Cheese Station C.
Now he realized it was natural for change to continually occur,whether you expect it or not change could surprise you only if you didn't expect it and weren't looking for it.
When he realized he had changed his beliefs,he paused to write on the wall:
Old Beliefs Do Not Lead You To The New Cheese
Haw hadn't found any Cheese yet,but,as he ran through the Maze,he thought about what he had already learned.
Haw now realized that his new beliefs were encouraging him to behave in a new way.He was behaving differently from the way he had when he had kept returning to the same cheeseless station.
He now knew that when you change what you believe,you change what you do.
You can believe that a change will harm you and resist it.Or you can believe that finding New Cheese will help you,and embrace the change.
It all depends on what you choose to believe.
He wrote on the wall:
When You See That You Can Find New Cheese,You Change Course
32. From the first eight paragraphs,it can be concluded that
A. Haw was eager to eat up all Cheese bits.
B. Haw cared much more about himself than Hem.
C. Haw had been reluctant to change himself before.
D. Haw has been dreaming of himself enjoying Cheese.
33. The sentences Haw wrote on the wall are intended to show
A. Haw would inspire others to make changes with him.
B. Haw had a strong desire to find New Cheese to share with Hem.
C. Haw wanted Hem to find him by following the tracks on the wall.
D. Haw has been changing his mind and action to reach his goal gradually.
34. Which of the following can express the main idea of the passage?
A. Old habits die hard.
B. A diversity leads to prosperity.
C. Action speaks louder than words.
D. Someone barks up the wrong the tree.
35. From the passage, which words can be used to describe Haw?
A. Stubborn but selfless.
B. Caring and ambitious.
C. Outgoing and humorous.
D. Persistent but indifferent.
【答案】32. C 33. D 34. B 35. B
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇記敘文。這篇文章通過講述唧唧在尋找奶酪的過程中，為了實現(xiàn)自己的目標，一直在改變自己的想法和行動，說明了多樣性會帶來繁榮。
【32題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段Haw wondered why he had always thought that a change would lead to something worse.Now he realized that change could lead to something better.（唧唧一直在想的是他將會得到什么，而不是考慮他會失去什么。他不明白，為什么自己過去總是覺得變化會使事情變得更糟。而現(xiàn)在他認識到，變化將會使事情變得更好。）和第二段 “Why didn't I see this before?”he asked himself.（“為什么以前我不明白這一點？”他反問自己。）由此推斷出，唧唧以前不愿意改變自己。故選C。
【33題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)唧唧在墻上下的話：The quicker you let go of old cheese,the sooner you find new cheese.（你越快放棄舊奶酪，你就越快找到新的奶酪。）It Is Safer To Search In The Maze Than Remain In A Cheseless Station（在迷宮中搜尋比停留在沒有奶酪的地方更安全。）Old Beliefs Do Not Lead You To The New Cheese（陳舊的信念不會幫助你找到新的奶酪。）When You See That You Can Find New Cheese, You Change Course（當你發(fā)現(xiàn)你會找到新的奶酪并且能夠享用它時，你就會改變你的路線。）由此推斷出，唧唧在墻上寫的句子表明唧唧一直在改變他的想法和行動，以逐漸達到他的目標。故選D。
【34題詳解】
主旨大意題。這篇文章通過講述唧唧在尋找奶酪的過程中，為了實現(xiàn)自己的目標，一直在改變自己的想法和行動，說明了多樣性會帶來繁榮。故選B。
【35題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)He offered Hem bits of New Cheese, but was turned down.（他給哼哼一些新奶酪，但被拒絕了。）可知唧唧很樂于助人。根據(jù)Even before he found what he hoped would be a great supply of New Cheese, if ever, he knew that what made him happy wasn't just having Cheese.（甚至在他找到他所希望的大量新奶酪之前，他就知道讓他快樂的不僅僅是奶酪。）可知唧唧有雄心壯志。故選B。
【點睛】通過對關鍵詞，關鍵短語或者是關鍵的句子的把握是解決推理判斷題的重要解題方法之一，它們往往隱藏著深層的意思。小題1根據(jù)第一段Haw wondered why he had always thought that a change would lead to something worse.Now he realized that change could lead to something better.（唧唧一直在想的是他將會得到什么，而不是考慮他會失去什么。他不明白，為什么自己過去總是覺得變化會使事情變得更糟。而現(xiàn)在他認識到，變化將會使事情變得更好。）和第二段 “Why didn't I see this before?”he asked himself.（"為什么以前我不明白這一點？"他反問自己。）由此推斷出，唧唧以前不愿意改變自己。故選C。
江蘇省無錫市江陰市高級中學2019_2020學年高二英語下學期期中試題
第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項。
A
Better known by his stage name KUN, Cai Xukun is a phenomenon, opening up the music industry in China.
Last year, after participating in the reality TV show Idol Producer, receiving the most votes from fans, the singer-songwriter rose to fame overnight. At just 21 years old, Cai has topped Chinese music charts with multiple singles.
On July 26, KUN released his newest single Young. Within just 20 seconds, it reached a million sales.
KUN wrote the song to share his understanding of youth. He mixed R&B and electronic beats (節(jié)拍) to make it more cheerful. A reviewer wrote on QQ Music, “When you listen to the song, you just seem to go back to youth again.”
The song was an early birthday present to himself which he celebrated on Aug 2. KUN also hopes that he always has the courage to pursue (追求) his love of music, no matter what people think. “My works are like my children and I have put my best effort into them.” he told the Global Times.
Indeed, KUN has written and produced most of his songs on his own. “I want every piece of my work to have my own spirit in it,” he told music website Soundigest, “I feel more enjoyment when I'm performing my own work.”
Although KUN loves performing onstage, when the lights go down, he prefers to fall back into his own world and darkness at night. “I always get inspired when it's quiet, late at night/' he told I-D magazine, “It's a great moment for me to create new things. Sometimes, I can write songs with a melody (旋律) I heard in a dream.”
To develop his introspection (反思) and find new inspiration, KUN attends different kinds of musical performances — from festivals to opera houses. “I just like to do everything, all for my music, all for my art,” he told I-D.
With such talent and dedication to music, it seems that KUN will continue to make his mark in the competitive Chinese music industry.
1. What do we know about KUN's newest single?
A. It earns him a birthday present.
B. It makes people feel happy and energetic.
C. It shows how he pursues his dream.
D. It combines jazz and electronic music.
2. What does KUN usually do to get inspiration for music?
A. He goes to music shows.
B. He talks to famous singers.
C. He attends music classes.
D. He finds melodies in his dreams.
3. Which would best describe KUN?
A. Courageous and patient.
B. Talented and humorous.
C. Hardworking and creative.
D. Optimistic and outgoing.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
本文為一篇說明文。文章介紹了著名歌手蔡徐坤出道及成名的經(jīng)歷，說明了他對于音樂孜孜不倦的追求和熱愛。
【1題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的He mixed R&B and electronic beats (節(jié)拍) to make it more cheerful.和When you listen to the song, you just seem to go back to youth again.可知，蔡徐坤在創(chuàng)作這首歌曲時，把節(jié)奏布魯斯和電子節(jié)奏混合在一起，使節(jié)奏更加歡快，當你聽這首歌的時候，你仿佛又回到了青春。由此可知，這首新曲使人們感到高興并且充滿能量。故選B項。
【2題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的To develop his introspection (反思) and find new inspiration, KUN attends different kinds of musical performances — from festivals to opera houses.可知，為了發(fā)展他的反思和尋找新的靈感，蔡徐坤參加各種各樣的音樂演出——從節(jié)日演出到歌劇院。故選A項。
【3題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的To develop his introspection (反思) and find new inspiration, KUN attends different kinds of musical performances — from festivals to opera houses.可知，為了發(fā)展他的反思和尋找新的靈感，蔡徐坤參加各種各樣的音樂演出，由此可知，他很勤奮；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中的I can write songs with a melody (旋律) I heard in a dream.可知，蔡徐坤可以利用夢中的聲音去創(chuàng)作旋律，由此可知，他富有創(chuàng)造力。故選C項。
B
A long time ago, and still in some countries today, the dollar and penny did not even exist. Actually, trading a cow for two pigs is still the norm (常態(tài)) for many cultures. So how is it that we get to use paper and coins?
The biggest challenge for ancient cultures was to have a system that would allow people to exchange products with each other. However, the problem came up when one person was in need of something immediately that they didn’t have a product to trade. For example, a farmer that needed wheat only had fruit to exchange but the fruit wasn’t ready to hand over for another two months. This is what started the idea of a “common currency”. The farmer could buy what he needed with “currency” and just as important, the value of the goods he was exchanging was standardized. He did not have to worry about giving anything in return now or later; his deal was complete. Thus “money” was born.
Over time, each country has developed its own currency and something that might cost 1,000,000 lire in one country might be 1 dollar in the US currency. Most countries also frequently use powerful political people as the “face” of their currency. The US currency is the best example of this. Can you name all the presidents that currently appear on not only paper money but also coins?
The real excitement, however, is the future of how we buy things. People have started to use debit cards (借記卡) that allow you to pay using your bank account rather than cash. That has given way to something called Mondex. Mondex allows you to “wave” your card past any special device that can read these cards. You no longer have to insert, swipe (刷) and then punch in numbers, which could cause security problems.
4. What’s the purpose of Paragraph 1?
A. To introduce the topic of the text.
B To explain what money was like in history.
C. To tell us that there was no money long ago.
D. To compare the difference between a cow and two pigs.
5. The farmer had an idea of using currency when ________.
A. he had a product to exchange B. he had made a lot of money
C. he had nothing to trade for what he needed D. he would harvest his fruit
6. Mondex is a kind of card which can ________.
A. keep you safe if you are in trouble
B. save you a large amount of money
C. help you trade safely and conveniently
D. make you happy whenever you are bored
7. What does this passage mainly talk about?
A. The evolution of payment. B. The trade in ancient times.
C. The use of money in the world. D. New ways of payment.
【答案】4. A 5. C 6. C 7. A
【解析】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了紙幣和硬幣的由來和歷史歷程。
【4題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中Actually, trading a cow for two pigs is still the norm for many cultures. So how is it that we get to use paper and coins?可知，事實上，用一頭牛換兩頭豬在許多文化中仍然是一種常態(tài)。那么我們是如何使用紙和硬幣的呢？以及第二段第一句The biggest challenge for ancient cultures was to have a system that would allow people to exchange products with each other.可知，古代文化面臨的最大挑戰(zhàn)是建立一個允許人們互相交換產(chǎn)品的系統(tǒng)。由此可推知，第一段的目的是引出第二段文章主題。故選A。
【5題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中For example, a farmer that needed wheat only had fruit to exchange but the fruit wasn’t ready to hand over for another two months. This is what started the idea of a “common currency”.可知，例如，一個需要小麥的農(nóng)民只有水果可以交換，但這些水果要再過兩個月才能交易。這就是“共同貨幣”概念的起源。由此可知，當農(nóng)夫沒有東西可以交換他所需要的東西時，他就有了使用貨幣的想法。故選C。
【6題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中Mondex allows you to “wave” your card past any special device that can read these cards. You no longer have to insert, swipe (刷) and then punch in numbers, which could cause security problems.可知，Mondex允許你通過任何特殊的設備來讀取你的卡片。你不再需要插入、滑動然后輸入數(shù)字，這可能會導致安全問題。由此可知，Mondex是一種可以幫助你安全方便地交易的借記卡。故選C。
7題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中Actually, trading a cow for two pigs is still the norm for many cultures. So how is it that we get to use paper and coins?可知，事實上，用一頭牛換兩頭豬在許多文化中仍然是一種常態(tài)。那么我們是如何使用紙和硬幣的呢？以及結(jié)合文章主要介紹了紙幣和硬幣的由來和歷史演變過程。故選A。
C
We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively（被動地）．We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning．
We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else．Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive．Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend onitin our everyday communication with friends and co-workers．
Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem．It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor（謠言）．
Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone．Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person．That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game．The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it．Then the two written statements are compared．Typically, the original message has changed．
That’s what happens in daily life．The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story．Then, too, most people listen imperfectly．And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to a story, trying to improve on it, stamping（打上標記）it with their own personal style．Yet those who hear it think they know．
This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be restated as a fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts．
8. According to the passage, passive learning may occur in _______．
A. doing a medical experiment B. solving a math problem
C. visiting an exhibition D. doing scientific reasoning
9. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to _____．
A. active learning B. knowledge
C. communication D. passive learning
10. The author mentions the game Rumor to show that _____．
A. a message may be changed when being passed on
B. a message should be delivered in different ways
C. people may have problems with their sense of hearing
D. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor
11. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Active learning is less important．
B. Passive learning may not be reliable．
C. Active learning occurs more frequently．
D. Passive learning is not found among scholars．
【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B
【解析】
本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了被動獲得知識所存在的一個嚴重的問題——被告知的可能是謠言。并用現(xiàn)實生活中簡單的事例加以說明。
【8題詳解】
推理判斷題。由文章第二段前兩句we achieve knowledge passively by being told by some else,……in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV of read newspaper or magazines is passive可知被動學習是指由別人告知所獲得的知識。故選C. A、B、D 都是主動學習。
【9題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)it 所在句可知這個代詞指代的是前句所提的被動學習，句意：在日常生活中依靠被動學習并不奇怪。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。通過第四段最后一句可知，原始的含義改變了，例證了第三段提出的論點“被動學習使我們接受被告知的事物，甚至有時是謠言?！币虼薃項為正確項。
【11題詳解】
推理判斷題。此題可用排除法。A、C兩項未提，而由最后一段第一句可知D項不正確。由文章第三段加后幾段的例證可推知B 項正確。
D
My father was 44 and knew he wasn't going to make it to 45. He wrote me a letter and hoped that something in it would help me for the rest of my life.
Since the day I was 12 and first read his letter, some of his words have lived in my heart. One part always stands out. “Right now, you are pretending to be a time-killer . But I know that one day, you will do something great that will set you among the very best.” Knowing that my dad believed in me gave me permission to believe in myself. “You will do something great.” He didn't know what that would be, and neither did I, but at times in my life when I've felt proud of myself, I remember his words and wish he were here so I could ask, “Is this what you were talking about, Dad? Should I keep going？”
A long way from 12 now, I realize he would have been proud when I made any progress. Lately, though, I've come to believe he'd want me to move on to what comes next: to be proud of, and believe in, somebody else. It's time to start writing my own letters to my children. Our children look to us with the same unanswered question we had. Our kids don't hold back because they're afraid to fail. They're only afraid of failing us. They don't worry about being disappointed. Their fear－as mine was until my father's letter－is of being a disappointment.
Give your children permission to succeed. They're waiting for you to believe in them.
I always knew my parents loved me. But trust me: That belief will be more complete, that love will be more real, and their belief in themselves will be greater if you write the words on their hearts：“Don't worry; you'll do something great.” Not having that blessing from their parents may be the only thing holding them back.
12. We learn from the text that the author ________.
A. lost his father when he was young
B. worked hard before he read his father's letter
C. asked his father's permission to believe in himself
D. knew exactly what great thing his father wanted him to do
13. What does the author tell us in the 3rd paragraph?
A. Children need their parents' letters.
B. Children are afraid to be disappointed.
C. His children's fear of failure held them back.
D. His father's letter removed his fear of failing his parents.
14. Which of the following is TRUE of the author?
A. He got no access to success.
B. He wrote back to his father at 12.
C. He was sure his parents loved him.
D. He once asked his father about the letter.
15. The main purpose of the text is to ________.
A. describe children's thinking
B. answer some questions children have
C. stress the importance of communication
D. advise parents to encourage their children
【答案】12. A 13. D 14. C 15. D
【解析】
這是一篇記敘文。作者的父親通過一封信告訴作者對他的愛與信任，這種愛與信任讓作者在生活中取得了很大的進步。以此鼓勵父母親給孩子鼓勵與信任。
【12題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章前兩段第一句My father was 44 and knew he wasn't going to make it to 45. Since the day I was 12 and first read his letter, some of his words have lived in my heart.可知我父親當時44歲，他知道自己活不到45歲。從我12歲第一次讀到他的信的那天起，他的一些話就深深地印在了我的心里。所以我們從課文中得知作者年幼時失去了父親。故A正確。
【13題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后三句They're only afraid of failing us. They don't worry about being disappointed. Their fear－as mine was until my father's letter－is of being a disappointment.可知現(xiàn)在的孩子很擔心沒有符合我們的期望值，而我卻沒有這樣的擔心，由此判斷出父親的信讓我不害怕讓父母親失望。故D項正確。
【14題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句I always knew my parents loved me. 可知我很清楚地知道我的父母親很愛我。所以他確信他的父母愛他。故C項正確。
【15題詳解】
推理判斷題。作者的父親給他寫的一封信告訴作者父親對他的愛與信任，這種愛與信任讓作者在生活中取得了很大的進步。再根據(jù)文章最后一段their belief in themselves will be greater if you write the words on their hearts：“Don't worry; you'll do something great.” Not having that blessing from their parents may be the only thing holding them back.可知父母親的愛和信任對孩子有很大的影響。由此判斷出作者建議父母給孩子鼓勵。故D項正確。
江蘇省錫山高級中學2019-2020學年高二英語下學期期中試題
第一節(jié)（共10小題，每小題2分，滿分20分）
閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。
A
Apple Store
Description
Tap the Apple Store app on your iPhone or iPod touch, and you can do all things Apple.Buy Apple products and accessories(配件) and read customer reviews. Add free laser engraving and choose signature gift wrap on select products to make your items even more special. Find Apple Retail Stores, reserve select Apple products for pickup at your favorite store, and request help when you are at the store. Schedule Genius Bar and One to One reservations and check in for them when you arrive.
The Apple Store app is also the easiest way to buy or reserve your new iPhone --- right from your current iPhone. You can do it in just a few taps, without entering your AT & T account information. Order your new iPhone from the Apple Online Store and it’s shipped to you free and ready to use. Or reserve your new iPhone, pick it up at an Apple Retail Store, and we’ll set it up for you in minutes.
Apple Online Store Features
?Explore new and featured products from Apple.
?Buy a new iPhone and other Apple products, accessories, and software.
?Add free personal engraving to any new iPad or iPod.
?Choose signature gift wrapping for any iPad or iPod, select Mac notebooks, and select Apple software and accessories.
?Read customer reviews and get answers to product questions.
Apple Retail Store Features
?Reserve iPhone and other select products for pick up.
?Request help, check in for reservations, and receive meet-up alerts when you are at a store(iOS 4 required).
?Make Genius Bar and One to One reservations.
?Sign up for workshops and events.
What’s New in Version 1.1
?Add engraving and gift wrapping to select purchases from the Apple Online Store.
?Reserve products for pickup at an Apple Retail Store.
?Check in for reservations and request help within stores(iOS 4 required).
?Add Apple Retail Store reservations directly to iCal.
Please note: With Location Services on and the Apple Store app open, Apple will use your location to identify nearby Apple Retail Stores and to offer additional services when you are in a store. If you have previously selected the Apple Store app using location but do not want this new feature, you can update your Location Services preferences in General Settings.
1. The text is intended to ______.
A. recommend a new product of Apple B. inform the readers of Apple Store
C. describe the function of Apple Store D. offer additional services to customers of Apple Store
2. Tap the Apple Store app on your iPhone, and you can _______.
A. buy Apple products only B. get to any Apple Retail Store
C. reserve iPhone products for pickup D. request help wherever you are
3. Which of the following is NOT the advantage of Apple Online Store?
A. Reserve your new iPhone without entering your AT & T account information.
B. Order your new iPhone and it’s shipped to you free and ready to use.
C. Reserve your new iPhone and pick it up at an Apple Retail Store conveniently.
D. Check in for reservations, and received meet-up alerts when you are at a store.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
這是一篇應用文。文章主要介紹了蘋果手機專賣店網(wǎng)店和實體店的一些特點及售后服務等。
【1題詳解】
推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了蘋果手機專賣店網(wǎng)店和實體店的一些特點及售后服務等，所以文章是想要告知廣大消費者蘋果手機店的相關信息。故選B項。
【2題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Tap the Apple Store app on your iPhone or iPod touch, and you can do all things Apple.Buy Apple products and accessories(配件) and read customer reviews. Find Apple Retail Stores, reserve select Apple products for pickup at your favorite store(點擊蘋果手機或iPod touch上的Apple Store應用程序，你可以做所有的事情。購買蘋果公司產(chǎn)品和配件，可以閱讀用戶評論……找到蘋果手機的零售店，在你最喜愛的店里預定選擇蘋果公司產(chǎn)品)”可知，點擊手機上的Apple Store應用程序可以預定蘋果公司產(chǎn)品。故選C項。
【3題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章Apple Retail Store Features(蘋果實體店特點)部分第二點“Request help, check in for reservations, and receive meet-up alerts when you are at a store(iOS 4 required).”可知，D項是實體店的特點，不是網(wǎng)店的優(yōu)勢。故選D項。
B
A drug used to treat severe bleeding could save thousands of lives for mothers giving birth. A global trial of the drug found it reduced the risk of bleeding deaths during childbirth by nearly one-third. The study involved 20,000 women in 21 countries, mainly in Africa and Asia. The trial was carried out by London’s School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The drug is called tranexamic acid(氨甲環(huán)酸）. It is low-cost and researchers said it does not cause serious side effects for mothers or babies.
The drug is used to treat mothers for severe bleeding during childbirth, also known as postpartum hemorrhage (產(chǎn)后出血).It is the leading cause of mother’s death worldwide, according to the World Health Organization.
Haleema Shakur is the project director of the trial. She says despite medical advances in many countries, severe bleeding after childbirth remains a big problem in some parts of the world. “It's one of the biggest killers of mothers. In Africa and Asia. about 10 percent of women will end up with severe bleeding. " The drug works by stopping blood clots（血凝塊） from breaking down after a mother gives birth. The treatment can prevent the need for doctors to perform surgery to find the source of bleeding.
Shakur said the best results were reported when the drug was given to women as soon as possible after childbirth, “The earlier you give it- so within the first three hours of giving birth—the better the effect is. ”
The next step will be to get the drug where it is needed provide training for doctors and nurses on how to use it. During the trial, women were given the drug in a hospital. But researchers are looking for easier ways to administer the drug so it can be more widely used in small clinics and rural areas.
4. What is the reachers’ next plan?
A. To know how much the drug is.
B. To get permission to use the drug.
C. To let more people know the drug.
D. To make medical staff know how to use the drug.
5. What can we learn from the text?
A. The more mothers use the drug, the better its effect is.
B. African and Asian countries made great progress in medicine.
C. Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of women’s death.
D. There is a long way to go before the drug can be used more widely.
6. What may be the best title for the text?
A. Care for the Health of Mothers
B. How Can We Use Tranexamic Acid Well?
C. Childbirth Drug Greatly Reduces Bleeding Deaths
D. What's the Biggest Killer of Mothers?
【答案】4. D 5. D 6. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇說明文。主要講述研究人員發(fā)明了一種治療產(chǎn)后出血的藥物，效果很好，可以大大降低婦女產(chǎn)后出血的死亡幾率，研究人員將進行培訓醫(yī)護人員怎樣使用這種藥物，并且將想辦法使這種藥物擴大到更大的范圍使用。
【4題詳解】
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段第一句The next step will be to get the drug where it is needed provide training for doctors and nurses on how to use it. 下一步將是在需要的地方獲得這種藥物，為醫(yī)生和護士提供如何使用它的培訓，由此可知，研究人員的下一步計劃是要培訓醫(yī)護人員如何使用這種藥物，故選D。
【5題詳解】
推理判斷題。The next step will be to get the drug where it is needed provide training for doctors and nurses on how to use it. During the trial, women were given the drug in a hospital. But researchers are looking for easier ways to administer the drug so it can be more widely used in small clinics and rural areas. 下一步將是在需要的地方獲得這種藥物，為醫(yī)生和護士提供如何使用它的培訓。在試驗期間，婦女們在醫(yī)院里被給予了這種藥物。但是研究人員正在尋找更簡單的方法來管理這種藥物，這樣它就可以在小診所和農(nóng)村地區(qū)更廣泛地使用，由此可以推斷出這種藥品的廣泛使用過程還很長，還有很多工作要做，故選D。
【6題詳解】
主旨大意題。本文主要講述研究人員發(fā)明了一種治療產(chǎn)后出血的藥物，效果很好，可以大大降低婦女產(chǎn)后出血的死亡幾率，研究人員將進行培訓醫(yī)護人員怎樣使用這種藥物，并且將想辦法使這種藥物擴大到更大的范圍使用。C選項分娩藥物大大減少出血死亡，符合文章主題，適合做標題，故選C。
【點睛】標題猜測題。標題猜測題是主旨大意題的一種形式。標題一般應位于文章之首，概括文章內(nèi)容，點明文章主題。它可以是單詞，短語，或句子。確定文章標題，第一，標題要與主題密切相關；其次，看標題是否能概括全文內(nèi)容，不能只概括短文中的某些事實或細節(jié)；第三，標題范圍不應太大或太??；最后，標題應新穎，概括性強并且精煉。小題3中C選項概括文中主旨大意，與主題密切相關，故選C項。
C
An introduction to this book is as superfluous as a candle in front of a powerful searchlight. But a convention of publishing seems to require that the candle should be there, and I am proud to be the one to hold it. About ten years ago I picked up from the pile of new books on my desk a copy of Sons and Lovers by a man of whom I had never heard, and I started to race through it with the immoral speed of the professional reviewer. But after a page or two I found myself reading, really reading. Here was—here is—a masterpiece in which every sentence counts, a book packed with significant thought and beautiful, arresting phrases, the work of a remarkable genius whose gifts are more richly various than those of any other young English novelist.
To appreciate the rich variety of Mr. Lawrence we must read his later novels and his volumes of poetry. But Sons and Lovers reveals the range of his power. Here are combined and blended(混合) sort of ''realism'' and almost lyric(抒情的) imagery and rhythm. The speech of the people is that of daily life and the things that happen to them are normal adventures and accidents; they fall in love, marry, work, fail, succeed, and die. But of their deeper emotions and of the relations of these little human beings to the earth and to the stars, Mr. Lawrence makes something near to poetry and prose(散文) without violating its proper “other harmony.”
Take the marvellous paragraph on next to the last page of Sons and Lovers (Mr. Lawrence depends so little on plot in the ordinary sense of the word that it is perfectly fair to read the end of his book first):
Where was he? One tiny upright speck of flesh, less than an ear of wheat lost in the field. He could not bear it. On every side the immense dark silence seemed pressing him, so tiny a spark, into extinction, and yet, almost nothing, he could not be extinct. Night, in which everything was lost, went reaching out, beyond stars and sun, stars and sun, a few bright grains, went spinning round for terror, and holding each other in embrace, there in the darkness that outpassed them all, and left them tiny and daunted(氣餒). So much, and himself, infinitesimal, at the core a nothingness, and yet not nothing.
Such glorious writing lifts the book far above a novel which is merely a story. I beg the reader to attend to every line of it and not to miss a single one of the many sentences that await and surprise you. Some are enthusiastic and impressive, like the paragraph above; others are keen, ''realistic'' observations of things and people. In one of his books Mr. Lawrence makes a character say, or think, that life is ''mixed''. That indicates his philosophy and his method. He blends the accurately literal and trivial(瑣碎的) with the extremely poetic.
To find a similar blending of tiny daily detail and wide imaginative vision, we must go back to two older novelists, Hardy and Meredith. I do not mean that Mr. Lawrence derives(源于) immediately from them or, indeed, that he is clearly the disciple(弟子) of any master. I do feel simply that he is of the elder stature(名望) of Hardy and Meredith, and I know of no other young novelist who is quite worthy of their company. When I first tried to express this comparison, this connection, I was contradicted by a fellow-critic, who pointed out that Meredith and Hardy are entirely unlike each other and that therefore Mr. Lawrence cannot resemble both. To be sure, nothing is more hateful than forced comparisons, nothing more boring than to discover parallels between one work of art and another. An artist's mastery consists in his difference from other masters. But to refer a young man of genius to an older one, at the same time pronouncing his independence and originality, is a fair, if not very superior, method of praising him.
7. The underlined word ''superfluous'' in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _______.
A. meaningful B. unnecessary
C. fundamental D. unbelievable
8. What does the author want to illustrate by including one paragraph from Sons and Lovers?
A. The plot of the novel has little to do with daily life.
B. It is wise to read Lawrence's books from the end.
C. Lawrence is capable of telling good stories.
D. The language in Lawrence's books is elegant.
9. Who were Hardy and Meredith?
A. They taught Lawrence literature when he was young.
B. They were the realistic novelists of Lawrence’s time.
C. They were novelists who resemble each other in writing.
D. They were novelists combining details with imagination.
10. What is the author's purpose in writing the passage?
A. To introduce Lawrence's novel Sons and Lovers.
B. To show his experiences of reading classics.
C. To analyze Lawrence's writing characteristics.
D. To compare the styles of different novelists.
【答案】7. B 8. D 9. D 10. C
【解析】
這是一篇說明文。文章以勞倫斯的作品《兒子和愛人》為例介紹了勞倫斯的寫作特點——在不破壞詩歌和散文和諧的前提下，使其作品更接近詩歌和散文，用優(yōu)美的語言展示了一些真實的生活場景。
【7題詳解】
詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段的An introduction to this book is as superfluous as a candle in front of a powerful searchlight.可知，對于這本書的介紹，就像強光探照燈前的蠟燭一樣，是superfluous。根據(jù)句意尤其as a candle in front of a powerful searchlight推測劃線部分的意思是“多余的，沒有必要的”。B. unnecessary(沒有必要的)符合以上說法，故選B項。
【8題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的主要內(nèi)容，尤其Mr. Lawrence makes something near to poetry and prose(散文) without violating its proper ''other harmony''.(勞倫斯在不破壞詩歌和散文和諧前的提下，使他的作品更接近詩歌和散文)可推測，作者列舉《兒子和愛人》就是為了證明勞倫斯的作品語言很優(yōu)美，讀起來像是詩歌和散文。D. The language in Lawrence's books is elegant.(勞倫斯書中的語言很優(yōu)美)符合以上說法，故選D項。
【9題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段To find a similar blending of tiny daily detail and wide imaginative vision, we must go back to two older novelists, Hardy and Meredith.(為了找到將生活中的細節(jié)和想象力結(jié)合起來的作品，我們必須求助于兩位更年長的小說家Hardy和Meredith)可推測，Hardy和Meredith是兩位將生活細節(jié)和想象力結(jié)合起來的小說家。D. They were novelists combining details with imagination.(他們是把細節(jié)和想象力結(jié)合起來的小說家)符合以上說法，故選D項。
【10題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其第二段的To appreciate the rich variety of Mr. Lawrence we must read his later novels and his volumes of poetry. But Sons and Lovers reveals the range of his power.(要欣賞勞倫斯先生豐富多樣的作品，我們必須閱讀他后來的小說和詩集。但《兒子和情人》揭示了他的能力。)和Mr. Lawrence makes something near to poetry and prose(散文) without violating its proper ''other harmony''.(勞倫斯在不破壞詩歌和散文的和諧前提下，使他的作品更接近詩歌和散文)可知，這篇文章以勞倫斯的作品《兒子和愛人》為例介紹了勞倫斯的寫作特點——在不破壞詩歌和散文和諧的前提下，使其作品更接近詩歌和散文，語言優(yōu)美，耐人尋味。C. To analyze Lawrence's writing characteristics.(為了分析勞倫斯的寫作特點)符合以上說法，故選C項。

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