?閱讀理解專(zhuān)題
江蘇省鹽城市2018-2019學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末考試試題
第三部分 閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分）
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
“Let Them Eat Cake!”
This month’s issue of AQUILA Children’s Magazine
Is a brilliant mixture of Science, Art and History.
From Pavlova to Galette des rois…
Children can join in the big sugar debate this month, as AQUILA examines the world’s unhealthy obsession (癡迷) with all things sweet: they can experiment with the chemical magic that lies behind everyday baking, investigate the negative effects of sugar on our bodies and discover why healthy home-cooking with fresh ingredients is the best.
So should we eat that last slice of cake? AQUILA finds out about some famously overmuch feasts from times past, and looks back to ancient Greece, when the Philosopher Epicurus advised his followers that humans have a duty to seek out pleasure and avoid pain, but to find peace we must learn to limit our overmuch desires. PLUS: meet the Sugar Glider, Australia’s most lovely animal!
“…Advanced & Philosophical,
Curious & Puzzling”
Richard Robinson, Brighton Science Festival
A Brilliant Read for 8 to 12-year-olds
AQUILA Magazine is not like the children’s publications you will see on the newsstand-it is more like a special club for inquisitive kids:
A new topic every month including a feast of Science, Arts and General Knowledge.
Witty an intelligent editorial that encourages children to engage with big ideas and become self-motivated learners.
Every issue is packed with fun and challenges that will expand children’s interest and understanding beyond the school curriculum.


36. How would Philosopher Epicurus think about sugar obsession?
A. It should cause negative effects and be totally banned.
B. We should follow desires to seek out peace and avoid pain.
C. It should be replaced by healthy diets with fresh ingredients.
D. We should be cautious about it despite pleasure it brings about.
37. Who are the possible target audience of AQUILA?
A. Parents as well as kids aged 8-10. B. Pupils with curiosity about knowledge.
C. Kids trapped in sugar obsession. D. Self-motivated learners with big ideas.
【答案】36. D 37. B
【解析】
本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了一本叫做《AQUILA》的兒童雜志，這個(gè)月的《AQUILA》的兒童雜志是科學(xué)、藝術(shù)和歷史的完美結(jié)合。
【36題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的the Philosopher Epicurus advised his followers that humans have a duty to seek out pleasure and avoid pain, but to find peace we must learn to limit our overmuch desires. 哲學(xué)家Epicurus建議他的追隨者，人類(lèi)有責(zé)任尋求快樂(lè)和避免痛苦，但為了找到和平，我們必須學(xué)會(huì)限制我們過(guò)多的欲望。由此可推知，哲學(xué)家Epicurus認(rèn)為，盡管糖能帶來(lái)快樂(lè)，糖癡迷們還是應(yīng)該小心謹(jǐn)慎，故選D。
【37題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的大標(biāo)題A Brilliant Read for 8 to 12-year-olds以及第二部分第二段的A new topic every month including a feast of Science, Arts and General Knowledge可知，AQUILA是適合8 - 12歲的孩子閱讀的雜志，而且每個(gè)月都有很多知識(shí)主題，由此可推知， AQUILA可能的目標(biāo)受眾是對(duì)知識(shí)有好奇心的學(xué)生。故選B。

B
Car registration plates (車(chē)牌) are just a series of numbers and letters, right? Well, yes… but not for everyone.
Amazingly, number plates existed before cars. The city of Victoria in Canada gave horse-drawn carriages number plates as early as 1884. And France was the first country to introduce plates in 1893. Early number plates were different shapes and sizes, and made of lots of different materials. In fact, it was not until 1957 that car manufacturers and governments agreed on standardized plates, and even today there are three different sizes.
The first car registration number in the UK was A1. This was sold to Earl Russell by the London County Council in 1903. The letter “A” showed the number was from London, while the number “1” showed it was the first number issued. However, since then, the system has changed many times. At the moment, number plates in the UK consist of letters and numbers. Let’s look at the registration number plate “LK51 FTN”. First of all, “LK” shows which registration office has issued the registration number (in this case, it’s London Stanmore). The numbers 51 show the age of the car (51 means the car was licensed in the second half of 2001). And the last three letters are random.
Different EU countries use different arrangements of numbers and letters. For example, Spain uses four numbers and three letters, while Sweden uses three numbers and three letters, and Norway and Denmark use two letters and five digits. The system has changed many times because the letter-number combinations keep running out. UK number plates don’t have to include the European Union symbol although most EU countries use the symbol.
Some number plates have become extremely valuable, particularly those that spell out words. Basically, numbers on the plates can be used to represent words or parts of words. For example, “8” can mean “ate”; “4” can be “four” or “for”; and “2” can symbolize “to”, “two” or “too”. For example, “NVERLA8” means “Never late”.
Plates that represent words or phrases are commonly known as “vanity plates”. And they can be extremely expensive. Russian businessman Roman Abramovich is supposed to have paid over ￡250,000 for the plate “VIP 1”. Formula One driver Lewis Hamilton has bought the plate “LEW 1S” and the most expensive number plate ever was “M1” which an anonymous buyer has acquired for ￡331,000.
So, what’s your number plate? It might be worth a fortune.
38. What can we learn from the development of car plates?
A. Canada, France and UK have invented three different plate sizes.
B. In terms of giving car plates, Canada acted much earlier than France.
C. UK has always been consistent in its system for car registration numbers.
D. Car producers and governments cooperated to form standards for plates.
39. Why have EU countries had to change their systems of arranging numbers and letters?
A. No such agreement has been reached among different EU countries.
B. Much confusion has arisen from different digits adopted by EU countries.
C. Old letter-number arrangements were not adequate for increasing needs.
D. The British design of number plates differs from that of most EU countries.
40. “LEW 1S” has fetched a high priced mainly because __________.
A. it can be read out just the way of its master’s name
B. Lewis Hamilton believes that it can bring luck to him
C. the public consider it as a symbol of higher social classes
D. it has a long history and is different from current EU plates
【答案】38. D 39. C 40. A
【解析】
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要內(nèi)容是簡(jiǎn)述了車(chē)牌的發(fā)展歷史，并說(shuō)明了車(chē)牌上的一系列數(shù)字和字母有著一些特殊的含義。
【38題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的In fact, it was not until 1957 that car manufacturers and governments agreed on standardized plates, and even today there are three different sizes.可知，關(guān)于車(chē)牌的發(fā)展，我們可以知道汽車(chē)制造商和政府合作形成了車(chē)牌標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。故選D。
【39題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的The system has changed many times because the letter-number combinations keep running out.可知，歐盟國(guó)家不得不改變他們排列數(shù)字和字母的系統(tǒng)的原因是，因?yàn)樽帜负蛿?shù)字的組合已不能滿(mǎn)足日益增加的需要。故選C。
【40題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的Formula One driver Lewis Hamilton has bought the plate “LEW 1S”可知，“LEW 1S”之所以能賣(mài)到這么高的價(jià)格，主要是因?yàn)樗淖x音和主人的名字一樣，故選A。

C
Psychological stress is likely to surface during a human mission to Mars. Prof Jeff Johnson thinks an on-board “comedian” could keep spirits up during the long journey. He is drawing on his research on the differing teambuilding approaches of competing polar explorers Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott to prove his point. Amundsen’s team made it to the South Pole and back while Scott’s died on the return journey.
Well, Roald Amundsen actually put people through tests before they set off to make sure that they would take orders and, in particular, whether they would challenge any of them. Amundsen would set up situations where there would be an ambiguous context to see what their responses would be, and if somebody questioned him, they were out. However, if you read Amundsen’s diary, he writes that Lindstr?m, the cook, was basically the most important person on the expedition.
Lindstr?m was the comedian. He didn’t actually go to the South Pole, but you’ve got to remember that the walking expedition was a small component of the overall time that they were on the ice. They were there for well over a year, waiting to walk to the Pole. They had to wait during the winter and it’s a very tense time when people are idle (懶散的). Lindstr?m played an essential role in keeping the peace in the group when there were tense moments, and he would do something funny to get everybody to laugh, which would break the tension.
There are individuals who have these certain natural abilities that you want to be able to recognize and include when you’re putting together groups that are going to be isolated, such as those going into space. There are a number of different roles that we’ve discovered are important, but one of them is somebody who has humour. That’s clearly important. So, you’d want to have somebody like Lindstr?m, somebody who is not only good at what they have to do (he was a very good cook) but who also has another skillset beyond what’s in the job description.
We can put people together thinking that they’re going to work together in a certain way, but over the course of time a crisis is bound to happen. There are the kinds of things that make groups more adaptable and help them function better. You can think about it in terms of atoms: when you put different elements together, they produce different kinds of things. It’s the same with people. They may have their own characteristics, but when you put them together, they’re going to create a different kind of situation and we want to have a better idea of what that might be.
41. By comparing Amundsen with Scott, the author intends to __________.
A. contradict his previous statements B. introduce the topic of the passage
C. illustrate the importance of a comedian D. emphasize the necessity of team spirits
42. What was the very quality Amundsen was valuing in his interview?
A. Willingness to take orders. B. Optimism about success.
C. Eagerness to make progress. D. Curiosity about mysteries.
43. For what reason was Lindstr?m regarded as a key figure on the expedition?
A. He went against the command of the Amundsen in every circumstance.
B. He could make up many jokes about other team members to ease tension.
C. Besides cooking tasty dishes, he was capable of easing tension when it arose.
D. When a vacancy appeared, he was always ready to fill it in and made it work.
44. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?
A. Comedians, keys to landing on Mars B. Atoms, roles of members in a team
C. Teamwork, secret to overall success D. Amundsen, example for group leaders
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. C 44. A
【解析】
這是一篇議論文。主要介紹的是在人類(lèi)的火星任務(wù)中，杰夫?約翰遜教授認(rèn)為，一名機(jī)上的“喜劇演員”可以在長(zhǎng)途旅行中保持精神抖擻。“喜劇演員”成為了登陸火星的關(guān)鍵。
【41題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的Prof Jeff Johnson thinks an on-board “comedian” could keep spirits up during the long journey. He is drawing on his research on the differing team building approaches of competing polar explorers Roald Amundsen and Robert Falcon Scott to prove his point. 杰夫?約翰遜教授認(rèn)為，一個(gè)在船（或飛機(jī)、車(chē)）上的“喜劇演員”可以在長(zhǎng)途旅行中保持精神抖擻。他利用自己對(duì)極地探險(xiǎn)家羅爾德·阿蒙森(Roald Amundsen)和羅伯特·法爾肯·斯科特(Robert Falcon Scott)不同團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)方法的研究來(lái)證明自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。由此可以推知，通過(guò)比較阿蒙森和斯科特，作者試圖說(shuō)明“喜劇演員”的重要性。故選C。
【42題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的Well, Roald Amundsen actually put people through tests before they set off to make sure that they would take orders羅爾德·阿蒙森(Roald Amundsen)讓人們?cè)诔霭l(fā)前進(jìn)行測(cè)試，以確保他們會(huì)接受命令，由此可知，阿蒙森在面試中看重的品質(zhì)是愿意接受命令，故選A。
43題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的Lindstr?m, the cook, was basically the most important person on the expedition.可知Lindstr?m是一個(gè)廚師，以及第三段的Lindstr?m played an essential role in keeping the peace in the group when there were tense moments, and he would do something funny to get everybody to laugh, which would break the tension. Lindstr?m在團(tuán)隊(duì)里在保持平靜這方面扮演了一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的角色，當(dāng)面對(duì)緊張時(shí)刻時(shí)，他會(huì)做一些有趣的讓每個(gè)人都笑，將這緊張打破。Lindstr?m被視為一個(gè)關(guān)鍵人物是因?yàn)槌伺腼兠牢都央?，他還能在緊張情緒出現(xiàn)時(shí)緩解緊張情緒。故選C。
【44題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文以及根據(jù)第一段的Psychological stress is likely to surface during a human mission to Mars. Prof Jeff Johnson thinks an on-board “comedian” could keep spirits up during the long journey. 在人類(lèi)的火星任務(wù)中，心理壓力很可能會(huì)浮出水面。杰夫?約翰遜教授認(rèn)為，一名機(jī)上的“喜劇演員”可以在長(zhǎng)途旅行中保持精神抖擻?？芍跋矂⊙輪T”，登上火星的關(guān)鍵可以是文章最好的標(biāo)題，故選A。

D
When I was growing up, Oprah was my favorite imaginary auntie. She lived inside the TV and I looked forward to visiting her every day at 4 P.M. For one hour every Monday through Friday, I got to watch a Black woman command the airwaves and have control over the world. As a little black girl in a big White world, that was a powerful thing to witness—especially in a culture where girls like me seldom saw ourselves positively reflected in the media.
The kind of beauty celebrated around us had a way of making little black girls feel as if the bodies we were born into were somehow inferior. Apart from Auntie Oprah, the media’s portrayal of Black women was to a great extent limited in variety. Luckily, I had strong examples of women of color in my real life who watered the seeds that helped me believe I could dream beyond what I saw around me.
Fast-forward to two years ago, when I was appointed by longtime Vogue editor-in-chief Anna Wintour to lead Teen Vogue. I thought I was just a girl getting her dream job. But then the headlines hit. Suddenly, I was a Black woman making history. At 29 I had become only the second Black person and the youngest ever to helm (掌舵) a Condé Nast magazine.
Shonda Rhimes, Hollywood supreme black screenwriter, coined the term “First. Only. Different.” Being an FOD in your filed comes with a responsibility and an opportunity to rewrite the rules, to redefine standards, to represent for your communities. In my new position, I had an opportunity to help ensure that little black girls would never doubt their value. I was able to help undo some of the damaging accounts by changing the pages of the magazine to make them more reflective of my world.
My first book, More Than Enough, is not a career guide, because I believe only you can write your own blueprint for success, but I do share some of the hard-earned lessons that I am still learning to live by. My book is not intended as self-help but a love letter to anyone who has ever felt overlooked, overwhelmed, underestimated and undervalued—and who still chose to overcome.
My story, as it’s played out so far, is for all my fellow people of color out there, standing proudly as First, Only and Different. I am writing with love to all those who know what it is to be the lone Black voice in the room, because my story is your story. Trust that you will find your own rhythm and carve out a space to succeed in your own lane. I am also speaking up for anyone in her dream job, facing the barriers no one talks about. When you exist in spaces that weren’t originally built for you, remember that sometimes, just being you is the revolution. And this is especially for the ones who are Next Up, those of you who are responsible for taking the same systems that my generation is now breaking down and building better ones.
As you continue crafting the life you want, I hope you will always bear in mind that it is the very things you underestimate about yourself that will help you to create your own magic. Find it. Use it. Trust it. We spend too much time telling ourselves that we are not enough. Not smart enough. Not beautiful enough. Not successful enough. Not young enough. Not old enough. I want to be the voice reminding you to say “Enough!” to all that. You are enough. You were born enough.
The world is waiting for you. Let’s go.
45. The author adored Oprah mainly because of __________.
A. a new culture reflected in the TV
B. her positive image represented in the media
C. her absolute control of the program
D. the resemblance with the author’s favorite auntie
46. Which of the following can best interpret the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2?
A. Black women tended to have rigid image in the media.
B. Little attention was paid to black women except Oprah.
C. There were too few TV hosts like Oprah to fight for equality.
D. Not enough TV programs were produced to display black women.
47. The underlined word in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “__________”.
A. made up B. brought up
C. turned up D. polished up
48. By helming Teen Vogue, what was the author able to do?
A. Re-arrange all the pages she used to hate a lot.
B. Make herself as influential as Vogue editor-in-chief.
C. Totally remove prejudice against the minority groups.
D. Partly change the conventional impression of black girls.
49. What is the focus of the author’s first book?
A. Carving out a blueprint for her followers.
B. Sharing hard-earned lessons with editors.
C. Salute to those fighting against discrimination
D. Instructions on how to achieve career success.
50. Which type of writing does the article belong to?
A. An address in a fierce debate. B. Acknowledgements of a book.
C. A biography about a black girl. D. Scripts of a TV programme.
【答案】45. B 46. A 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. B
【解析】
本文是來(lái)自一本書(shū)的致謝。本文著力描寫(xiě)了作者在寫(xiě)書(shū)過(guò)程中的所感所想，以及寫(xiě)作中需要去感謝的人和事，還有自己的經(jīng)歷，對(duì)她的創(chuàng)作而言都是有意義的，并發(fā)出了內(nèi)心的感謝之情。
【45題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的Oprah was my favorite imaginary auntie…. especially in a culture where girls like me seldom saw ourselves positively reflected in the media.由此可知，一個(gè)黑人小女孩生活在白人世界中，在媒體山很少能看到自己的正面形象。但Oprah一個(gè)黑人婦女控制著電視廣播，言外之意，作者崇拜奧普拉主要是因?yàn)樗诿襟w上的正面形象。故選B。
【46題詳解】
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段的Apart from Auntie Oprah, the media’s portrayal of Black women was to a great extent limited in variety. 除了奧普拉阿姨，媒體對(duì)黑人女性的描述在很大程度上是有限的。由此可知，A項(xiàng)最能解釋此句話(huà)——黑人婦女在媒體上往往有刻板的形象。故選A。
【47題詳解】
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段的Shonda Rhimes, Hollywood supreme black screenwriter, coined the term “First. Only. Different.” 好萊塢黑人編劇Shonda Rhimes創(chuàng)造了“第一、只有、不同”這些詞，根據(jù)句意可知，coin在此處意為“創(chuàng)造（新詞、短語(yǔ)）”，相當(dāng)于made up“編造”，而B(niǎo). brought up撫養(yǎng)；C. turned up出現(xiàn)；D. polished up潤(rùn)色，故選A。
【48題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的I thought I was just a girl getting her dream job. But then the headlines hit. Suddenly, I was a Black woman making history. At 29 I had become only the second Black person and the youngest ever to helm (掌舵) a Condé Nast magazine.作者變成了一個(gè)創(chuàng)造歷史的黑人女性。29歲時(shí)，成為第二位黑人，也是執(zhí)掌康泰納仕雜志的最年輕的黑人。由此可推之，通過(guò)執(zhí)掌Teen Vogue，作者在一定程度上能改變黑人女孩兒的傳統(tǒng)印象，故選D。
【49題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的My book is not intended as self-help but a love letter to anyone who has ever felt overlooked, overwhelmed, underestimated and undervalued—and who still chose to overcome. 我寫(xiě)這本書(shū)不是為了自助，而是給那些曾經(jīng)感到被忽視、不知所措、被低估和被低估——以及仍然選擇克服困難的人寫(xiě)的一封情書(shū)。由此可推之，作為一名黑人女孩，她的書(shū)中著眼點(diǎn)在于向那些反對(duì)歧視的人致敬，故選C。
【50題詳解】
推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文著力描寫(xiě)了她在寫(xiě)書(shū)過(guò)程中的所感所想，以及寫(xiě)作中需要去感謝的人和事，還有自己的經(jīng)歷，對(duì)她的創(chuàng)作而言都是有意義的，并發(fā)出了內(nèi)心的感謝之情，由此可推知，這篇文章屬于的寫(xiě)作類(lèi)型是一本書(shū)的致謝。故選B。
江蘇省淮安市2018-2019學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末考試試題
第三部分閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分）
請(qǐng)閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
Carve，the country's first skateboarding magazine，is looking for a publishing assistant to help with the production of this award-winning publication.
You must be someone with ideas，energy and enthusiasm；someone with a passion for grammar，spelling and creative，original content；someone who's happy to get stuck in and work closely with a united，committed team. You need to feel comfortable about working to tight deadlines and a real enthusiasm for skating won't go astray（出錯(cuò)）either.
Responsibilities：
·Creating and researching story ideas
·Responding to customer enquiries
·Communicating with feature sponsors
·Helping customers solve problems
·Assisting with database management Requirements：
·Tertiary（第三等級(jí)的）qualifications in English，communications or editing/publishing
·Excellent oral and written language skills
·Excellent interviewing and research skills
·Solid editing and proofreading skills
·Willingness to be a highly motivated and committed team member
If you think you've got the right stuff for this exciting role in publishing，send your resume and cover letter to Rex Clayton，Chief Editor，Cane Magazine: rex. Clayton email. Com
36. According to the passage，one person applying for the post should be__________.
A. curious B. honest
C. cooperative D. humorous
37. A publishing assistant is expected to__________
A. seek sponsors for the magazine
B. provide relevant customer services
C. master several different languages
D. take charge of the database management
【答案】36. C 37. B
【解析】
這是一則廣告，招聘一位出版助理。文中提出了相關(guān)要求。
【36題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中someone who's happy to get stuck in and work closely with a united，committed team.“可知，這個(gè)人是一個(gè)樂(lè)于融入團(tuán)隊(duì)并與團(tuán)隊(duì)緊密合作的人”可知，根據(jù)短文，申請(qǐng)這個(gè)職位的人應(yīng)該具有團(tuán)隊(duì)精神。故選C。
【37題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Responsibilities：Responding to customer enquiries “回應(yīng)客戶(hù)查詢(xún)”和Helping customers solve problems“幫助客戶(hù)解決問(wèn)題”?？芍?，出版助理負(fù)責(zé)提供相關(guān)的客戶(hù)服務(wù)。故選B。

B
Another milestone has been passed in the adoption of 3D printing. Daihatsu，a daughter company of Toyota，announced that it would begin offering car buyers the opportunity to customize（訂制）their vehicles with 3D-printed pars. This brings to drivers with more modest budgets the kind of individual tailoring of vehicles，which is restricted to the luxury cars and sports cars of the super-rich.
The service is available. only to buyers of the Daihatsu Copen，a tiny changeable two-seater. Customers ordering this car from their local dealer can choose one of 15 "effect skins". The buyers can then use a website to improve the designs further to create exactly the look they want.
Copen buyers will like selecting unique add-ons rather than choosing from a list of standard accessories（配件），says Osamu Fujishita of Daihatsu. The company is testing the service in a few markets. "I think the Copen project is just the start," adds Mr Fujishita.
Other carmakers are watching closely. Generally. personal customization is available only where money is no object –on cars such as Rolls-Royces and Ferraris. But 3D printers change the economics of production. Since software is behind the process，changes can be made easily and cheaply. Besides 3D printing saves on retooling（更換）costs to make small runs of parts and spares if they suffer damage later.
The aerospace industry is already well advanced in using 3D printers for custom parts. Airlines often clearly customized fittings for the inside of their aircraft. Specialized parts are 3D-printed for acing cars too，but until Daihatsu's move，mainstream carmakers have mainly used 3D machines to make prototype（原型）vehicles rather than production pars.
38. What can we know about Daihatsu's 3D printing service？
A. It is not widely available at present.
B. It has gained in popularity worldwide.
C. It is well received by the car markets.
D. It is only intended for buyers with a limited budget.
39. Which of the following can best explain the underlined part “money is no object”？
A. Money isn't the answer to great sales.
B. Money isn't everything but the only thing
C. Money shouldn't become the core of one's life.
D. Money isn't something that needs to be considered.
40. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that
A. Daihatsu's move is to make 3D customized prototype vehicles
B. production of customized racing cars is less advanced in using 3D printers
C. Daihastu is a pioneer to produce 3D printed parts for vehicles in a sense
D. the aerospace industry has failed in practical use of 3D customized service
【答案】38. A 39. D 40. C
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹Daihatsu's 3D打印。Daihatsu's 3D打印服務(wù)目前還沒(méi)有廣泛使用。從某種意義上說(shuō)，Daihastu是生產(chǎn)汽車(chē)3D打印零件的先驅(qū)。
【38題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中The company is testing the service in a few markets. "I think the Copen project is just the start," adds Mr Fujishita. 該公司正在幾個(gè)市場(chǎng)上測(cè)試這項(xiàng)服務(wù)。Mr Fujishita補(bǔ)充稱(chēng):“我認(rèn)為Copen項(xiàng)目只是個(gè)開(kāi)始?！笨芍?，Daihatsu's 3D打印服務(wù)目前還沒(méi)有廣泛使用。故選A。
【39題詳解】
句意猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段中But 3D printers change the economics of production. Since software is behind the process，changes can be made easily and cheaply.“但3D打印機(jī)改變了生產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)性。由于軟件做后盾，改變可以很容易，也很便宜?！笨芍?，Generally. personal customization is available only where money is no object –on cars such as Rolls-Royces and Ferraris.“一般來(lái)說(shuō)，個(gè)人定制只有在錢(qián)不是問(wèn)題的情況下才能實(shí)現(xiàn)——比如勞斯萊斯和法拉利?！庇纱藙澗€(xiàn)部分的意思是“錢(qián)不是需要考慮的東西?！惫蔬xD。
【40題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段The aerospace industry is already well advanced in using 3D printers for custom parts. Airlines often clearly customized fittings for the inside of their aircraft. Specialized parts are 3D-printed for acing cars too，but until Daihatsu's move，mainstream carmakers have mainly used 3D machines to make prototype（原型）vehicles rather than production pars.“航空航天工業(yè)已經(jīng)在使用3D打印機(jī)定制零件方面取得了很大的進(jìn)步。航空公司經(jīng)常為飛機(jī)內(nèi)部定制明確的配件。專(zhuān)門(mén)的零部件也可以3D打印，但在大發(fā)此舉之前，主流汽車(chē)制造商主要使用3D機(jī)器來(lái)制造原型車(chē)，而不是生產(chǎn)零件。”可知，從某種意義上說(shuō)，Daihastu是生產(chǎn)汽車(chē)3D打印零件的先驅(qū)。故選C。
【點(diǎn)睛】推理判斷題要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出一定的推理判斷，從而得到文章的隱含意義和深層意義。推理判斷題所涉及的內(nèi)容可能是文中的某一句話(huà)，也可能是某幾句話(huà)，所以，推理題的答案只能是根據(jù)原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即對(duì)原文某一句話(huà)或某幾句話(huà)所作的同義改寫(xiě)或綜合。推理判斷題的題干中通常含infer,suggest,imply,conclude indicate等標(biāo)志性詞語(yǔ)。 這種題型主要包括細(xì)節(jié)判斷題、態(tài)度觀(guān)點(diǎn)推斷題、寫(xiě)作意圖推斷題、文章出處判斷題和猜測(cè)想象推斷題。本題第3小題，根據(jù)最后段The aerospace industry is already well advanced in using 3D printers for custom parts. Airlines often clearly customized fittings for the inside of their aircraft.“航空航天工業(yè)已經(jīng)在使用3D打印機(jī)定制零件方面取得了長(zhǎng)足的進(jìn)步。航空公司經(jīng)常為飛機(jī)內(nèi)部定制明確的配件。”可知，從某種意義上說(shuō)，Daihastu是生產(chǎn)汽車(chē)3D打印零件的先驅(qū)。故選C。

C
Shopping can indeed improve a bad mood，a study published in the journal of Psychology and Marketing showed. In fact，in a survey of over 1，000 American adults，96%said they had bought something to make themselves feel better. However，the benefits of retail therapy（購(gòu)物療法）are often fugitive and can give way to long-term side effects.
Negative emotions and sadness can lead to a loss of self-worth and this often is what drives people to turn to shopping when they feel down. The result：those same negative emotions can come back with regret and guilt，if we spend more than we should or had planned to. "What we're doing with retail therapy is that we're trying desperately to regulate our emotions，"says Joanne Corrigan，a clinical psychologist specializing in compassion focused therapy-a type of psychotherapy aimed at helping people with mental-health issues related to shame and self-criticism. "We don't like uncomfortable emotions. So we'll do short-lived things that make us feel good in the moment. "
When we feel down or anxious，our ability to control ourselves is reduced，making us tend to make bad decisions. Sadness，it seems，leads to more impatient thoughts，and a desire for immediate reward at the expense of greater future gains. This phenomenon was termed “myopic misery（近視苦難）” by Jennifer Lerner，professor of psychology at Harvard University and her colleagues Ye Li and Elke Weber of Columbia University in their research paper on the issue.
According to Cormell University economist Robert Frank，the key to fighting the impulse （沖動(dòng)）to shop when we feel down is self-control. He points to the work of Walter Michel，who conducted the Stanford Marshmallow test，an experiment in child psychology and delayed satisfaction，which sought to examine self-control among children by offering them a choice between one small reward provided immediately or two small rewards if they waited for a short period. Follow-up studies found that children who were willing to wait longer for rewards tended to have better scores in later life when it came to measurements including SAT scores，educational attainment and body mass index（BMI）.
“For a lasting sense of well-being，we need to overcome the impulse for immediate satisfaction. "Frank says. "You ought to take a longer view of what counts，but that's where people have consistent difficulty: giving sufficient weight to things that occur not now but in the future. ”
41. Which word is closest in meaning to the underlined word “fugitive” in Paragraph1？
A. Potential. B. Temporary.
C. Predictable. D. Thorough.
42. People suffering from "myopic misery" tend to focus more on_________.
A. self-control B. patient thoughts
C. future gains D. immediate satisfaction
43. What message is conveyed in Walter Michel's test in Paragraph 4?
A. Patience is not something worth taking seriously.
B. Self-control is helpful to build long-term success.
C. Children unwilling to wait longer have achieved higher scores.
D. Immediate satisfaction is as valuable as delayed satisfaction.
44. Which of the following can best serve as the title of this passage?
A. How can we fight the impulse to shop?
B. How can we deal with myopic misery?
C. Is retail therapy a cure for the bad mood?
D. Is immediate satisfaction worth considering?
【答案】41. B 42. D 43. B 44. C
【解析】
這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章講述“購(gòu)物療法是否是治療壞心情的良方”。 購(gòu)物確實(shí)可以改善壞心情，然而，購(gòu)物療法的好處往往是轉(zhuǎn)瞬即逝的，可能會(huì)產(chǎn)生長(zhǎng)期的副作用。
【41題詳解】
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中However，the benefits of retail therapy（購(gòu)物療法）are often fugitive and can give way to long-term side effects.“然而，零售療法的好處往往是暫時(shí)的，它可以有長(zhǎng)期副作用?！庇纱丝芍?，劃線(xiàn)詞的意思是“暫時(shí)的，臨時(shí)的”。故選B。
【42題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Sadness，it seems，leads to more impatient thoughts，and a desire for immediate reward at the expense of greater future gains. This phenomenon was termed “myopic misery（近視苦難）” by Jennifer Lerner悲傷似乎會(huì)使人產(chǎn)生更多急躁的想法，并產(chǎn)生一種以更大的未來(lái)收益為代價(jià)換取眼前回報(bào)的欲望。這種現(xiàn)象被Jennifer Lerner稱(chēng)為“近視苦難”。遭受“近視苦難”的人往往更注重眼前的滿(mǎn)足。故選D。
【43題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一句According to Cormell University economist Robert Frank，the key to fighting the impulse （沖動(dòng)）to shop when we feel down is self-control.“根據(jù)Cormell大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家羅伯特?弗蘭克，控制情緒低落時(shí)購(gòu)物沖動(dòng)的關(guān)鍵是自我控制。”可知，自我控制有助于建立長(zhǎng)期的成功。故選B。
【44題詳解】
主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段第一句Shopping can indeed improve a bad mood，a study published in the journal of Psychology and Marketing showed.“購(gòu)物確實(shí)可以改善壞心情”，可知，這篇文章論述“購(gòu)物療法是否是治療壞心情的良方”故選C。

D
"She is a pretty girl, but I don't know why George stays friendly with her." This is what Maria Osborne, George's sister, said to her younger sister, Jane, about Amelia.
"I can't agree more." Jane said.
One day Dobbin came to the Osborne house to visit George, but he was not at home.
"You are at the wrong house," laughed Maria, and pointed to the Sedley's house on the other side of the street. "That's where he is."
Dobbin smiled strangely and went away. He knew that George had not been there. Amelia was there alone, hoping that George would come to visit her. Day after day, she waited. Day after day, he didn't come. He was busy playing billiards with his friends in the army.
A lot of people thought that the army would soon join in the war against Napoleon. and Amelia was worried that her George would have to go and fight. Perhaps，he would be injured or killed！Then the war in Europe ended，and Amelia were very happy. However，George told her that he had to travel to some other parts of England with his troops. While he was away，he sometimes wrote her a short note. She wrote him very long letters every day.
George was tired of reading these long letters and sometimes used them to light his cigars. His friends Stubble and Spooney wondered who was sending all those long letters to Captain Osborne，but he would not tell them. Dobbin heard Stubble and Spooney speaking about it one day.
“She's probably an actress or singer and just wants his money，"said Spooney.
“Miss Sedley is one of the nicest young women that ever lived." said Dobbin，annoyed. "and Lieutenant Osborne has been engaged（訂婚）to her for a long time. ”
Soon，everybody in the army knew about it，and George was angry with Dobbin. Then he remembered that Dobbin often helped him by giving him money. He did not want to lose such a good friend. Dobbin told him that he should write to Amelia and try to make her happier. The next day George decided to go to London and visit Amelia. He borrowed some money from Dobbin，so that he could buy her a present. When he arrived in London，he saw a lovely shirt in a shop and bought it for himself. He had no money left to buy a present for Amelia.
“Never mind，”he said to himself. “She doesn't care about presents. She just wants to see me. ”
She was，indeed，very happy to see him，and admired his new shirt. He talked to her about his plans to retire from the army because the war in Europe had ended and was going to live somewhere in the country with her. She was very happy.
“I will take you to visit your sisters-in-law，"said George. “I have some important business in the city，but I will be back in time for dinner. ”
George took her to the Osborne house，and then he went into the city and played billiards with his friends. He was late for dinner.
After dinner, his father talked to him about his plans. He wanted him to stop gambling and playing billiards with his friends, and George promised that he would.
"Can't you find another girl to marry?" asked Mr. Osborne suddenly.
"But she loves me, and you arranged it many years ago with Mr. Sedley,"replied George.
"Yes, I know. Sedley was my friend once and helped me in business. Now his business does not look good. I think he has lost a lot of money. I don't want a poor man's daughter in my family!"
George was not upset to hear this, and he did not tell Amelia what his father had said. He made Amelia very happy, and that night she wrote him another long letter. He read it and sighed.
"Poor Amelia,"he said. "She loves me so much! This wine has given me a headache!"
45. What is the major theme of the passage?
A. Dobbin's support B. George's behaviors
C. Amelia's love D. Mr. Osborne's plan
46. What can we learn from the dialogues in the passage?
A. Dobbin was the only enthusiastic supporter of Amelia and George's love.
B. Both of George's sisters didn't think George and Amelia a good match
C. George still kept the engagement because he deeply loved Amelia.
D. Mr. Osborne broke the engagement mainly because of his son's gambling.
47. The writer fully exposes Amelia's love for George by means of___________.
A. examples B. imagination
C. statistics D. comparison
48. George dealt with Amelia's love by doing a EXCEPT__________.
A. writing short notes to answer her long letters
B. marrying another girl from a rich family
C. playing billiards with his friends，leaving her alone
D. buying himself a shirt with money borrowed for her preset
49. According to the passage，which of the descriptions is true？
A. If Mr. Sedley hadn’t lost all money，Amelia would have been really favored by George
B. If it hadn't been for another girl，George would have devoted all himself Amelia
C. If the love hadn't been close to vanity fair but to fair play, it would be a happy story.
D. If George hadn't been a playboy, Amelia wouldn't have loved him in such a crazy way.
50. From the underlined sentence in the last paragraph，we know that _______.
A. George drank too much wine at dinner，having a headache
B. George felt annoyed about Amelia's love and his father's plan
C. George was ashamed of his bad treatment of Amelia's love
D. George found Amelia poor to have been disfavored by his father
【答案】45. C 46. A 47. D 48. B 49. C 50. B
【解析】
這是一篇記敘文，文章講述了Amelia和George的愛(ài)情故事。Amelia非常愛(ài)George，但George的父親嫌貧愛(ài)富有自己的計(jì)劃，所以George對(duì)這件事非常的頭疼。
【45題詳解】
主旨大意題?？v觀(guān)全文，特別是根據(jù)第五段中Amelia was there alone, hoping that George would come to visit her. Day after day, she waited. Day after day, he didn't come.“Amelia一個(gè)人在那里，希望George會(huì)來(lái)看她。日復(fù)一日，她等待著。一天又一天，他沒(méi)有來(lái)?！焙偷箶?shù)第二段George was not upset to hear this, and he did not tell Amelia what his father had said. He made Amelia very happy, and that night she wrote him another long letter. He read it and sighed.“George聽(tīng)到這話(huà)并不難過(guò)，他也沒(méi)有把父親的話(huà)告訴Amelia。他使Amelia非常高興，那天晚上她又給他寫(xiě)了一封長(zhǎng)信。他讀了信，嘆了口氣。”和倒數(shù)第一段"Poor Amelia,"he said. "She loves me so much! This wine has given me a headache!" “可憐的Amelia,”他說(shuō)?！八珢?ài)我了!”這件事讓我頭疼!”由此可知，文章講述的是Amelia的愛(ài)情。故選C。
【46題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第十段中Dobbin told him that he should write to Amelia and try to make her happier. The next day George decided to go to London and visit Amelia. He borrowed some money from Dobbin，so that he could buy her a present.“Dobbin告訴他，他應(yīng)該給Amelia寫(xiě)信，試著讓她更快樂(lè)。第二天喬治決定去倫敦拜訪(fǎng)Amelia。從多賓他借了一些錢(qián),所以,他可以給她買(mǎi)一件禮物?！睆奈闹型浦?，Dobbin是Amelia和George愛(ài)情的唯一熱心支持者。故選A。
【47題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段中Then the war in Europe ended，and Amelia were very happy. However，George told her that he had to travel to some other parts of England with his troops. While he was away，he sometimes wrote her a short note. She wrote him very long letters every day.“然后在歐洲戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束后,阿梅利亞非常開(kāi)心。然而,喬治告訴她,他前往英國(guó)其他地方和他的軍隊(duì)。有時(shí)當(dāng)他離開(kāi)時(shí),他給她寫(xiě)了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的報(bào)告。她每天給他寫(xiě)很長(zhǎng)的信。”和倒數(shù)第二段George was not upset to hear this, and he did not tell Amelia what his father had said. He made Amelia very happy, and that night she wrote him another long letter. He read it and sighed.“喬治聽(tīng)到這話(huà)并不難過(guò)，他也沒(méi)有把父親的話(huà)告訴阿米莉亞。他使阿米莉亞非常高興，那天晚上她又給他寫(xiě)了一封長(zhǎng)信。他讀了信，嘆了口氣?！庇纱送浦?，作者通過(guò)比較，充分揭示了Amelia對(duì)George的愛(ài)。故選D。
【48題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中Day after day, she waited. Day after day, he didn't come. He was busy playing billiards with his friends in the army.“日復(fù)一日，她等待著。一天又一天，他沒(méi)有來(lái)。他忙于和他在軍隊(duì)里的朋友們打臺(tái)球?！痹俑鶕?jù)第六段中While he was away，he sometimes wrote her a short note. She wrote him very long letters every day.“有時(shí)當(dāng)他離開(kāi)時(shí),他給她寫(xiě)了一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的報(bào)告。她每天給他寫(xiě)很長(zhǎng)的信。”和第十段中When he arrived in London，he saw a lovely shirt in a shop and bought it for himself. He had no money left to buy a present for Amelia.“當(dāng)他到達(dá)倫敦時(shí),他看見(jiàn)一個(gè)可愛(ài)的襯衫在商店,買(mǎi)了它。他沒(méi)錢(qián)給阿米莉亞買(mǎi)禮物了?！笨芍?，喬治做了A/C/D中的事來(lái)對(duì)待阿米莉亞的愛(ài)，除了B項(xiàng)之外。故選B。
【49題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后三段"Yes, I know. Sedley was my friend once and helped me in business. Now his business does not look good. I think he has lost a lot of money. I don't want a poor man's daughter in my family!" “是的，我知道。塞德利曾經(jīng)是我的朋友，在生意上幫助過(guò)我?，F(xiàn)在他的生意看起來(lái)不太好。我想他損失了很多錢(qián)。我不要家里有窮人的女兒!”George was not upset to hear this, and he did not tell Amelia what his father had said. He made Amelia very happy, and that night she wrote him another long letter. He read it and sighed. 喬治聽(tīng)到這話(huà)并不難過(guò)，他也沒(méi)有把父親的話(huà)告訴阿米莉亞。他使阿米莉亞非常高興，那天晚上她又給他寫(xiě)了一封長(zhǎng)信。他讀了信，嘆了口氣。"Poor Amelia,"he said. "She loves me so much! This wine has given me a headache!" 可憐的阿梅利亞,”他說(shuō)?！八珢?ài)我了!”這件事讓我頭疼!”由此推知，“如果不是《名利場(chǎng)》中的愛(ài)情，而是《公平競(jìng)爭(zhēng)》中的愛(ài)情，這將是一個(gè)幸福的故事。”是正確的。故選C。
【50題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段中"Yes, I know. Sedley was my friend once and helped me in business. Now his business does not look good. I think he has lost a lot of money. I don't want a poor man's daughter in my family!" “是的，我知道。塞德利曾經(jīng)是我的朋友，在生意上幫助過(guò)我。現(xiàn)在他的生意看起來(lái)不太好。我想他損失了很多錢(qián)。我不要家里有窮人的女兒!”可知，Amelia非常愛(ài)George，但George的父親嫌貧愛(ài)富有自己的計(jì)劃，所以George對(duì)這件事非常的頭疼。由此推知?jiǎng)澗€(xiàn)句子的意思是“喬治對(duì)阿米莉亞的愛(ài)和他父親的計(jì)劃感到惱火”。故選B。
江蘇省連云港市2018-2019學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末考試試題
第三部分：閱讀理解（共15小題：每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分）
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
The Lion king musical theatre tickets in London
Read our original review of The Lion King

It’s one of the most beloved Disney films of all time, and for last two decades it’s been one of the main events of London’s West End. The magical, family-friendly stage version of The Lion King has been reigning supreme at the Lyceum Theatre since 1999, and shows no signs of quietening its roar.
If you’ve not seen the classic Disney film, that’s close to sacrilege - but don’t worry, we can fill you in. a young cub called Simba tries to come to terms with the cruel death of his father Mufasa, at the same time as learning about the responsibilities of adulthood and his destiny as a king. It’s a bit like Hamlet, but with singing animals (and a happier ending).
The musical is a must-see for any Londoner, whether you call the capital home or are just here for the weekend. The stunning visuals are pretty breathtaking whatever your age, but ingenious puppetry and intricate masks recreate the animal kingdom of Africa in a spectacle that your little lion clubs will never forget.
Did you know? Julie Taymor, the shows director, created a number of puppets and masks for the show. She used many different styles, but had one rule: the performer should never be hidden by the device so the audience could see the humanity of the characters as well as what each performer was technically capable of.
Where? Lyceum Theatre, 21 Wellington Street, WC2E 7RQ. Nearest underground stations are: Charing Cross, Covent Garden, Embankment, Leicester Square, Holborn and Temple.
Performance dates and times: The Lion King is currently booking until September 30, 2019. Performances are Tuesday-Sunday, with matinees at 2.30 p.m. on Wednesday, Saturday and Sunday, and evening performances at 7.30 p.m. (not Sunday). The running time of the show is two and a half hours with an interval.
31. Where might this text probably come from?
A. A biography. B. A science fiction.
C. A history book. D. A magazine.
32. How does the writer try to trick the readers into buying the ticket?
A. By giving details of the review.
B. By introducing a famous director.
C. By providing many time choices.
D. By showing the convenient transportation.
【答案】31. D 32. A
【解析】
這是一篇應(yīng)用文。作者通過(guò)介紹通過(guò)提供“獅子王”的影視評(píng)論的細(xì)節(jié)，來(lái)勸說(shuō)人們購(gòu)買(mǎi)倫敦獅子王音樂(lè)劇的門(mén)票。
【31題詳解】
推理判斷題。由“The Lion king musical theatre tickets in London，Read our original review of The Lion King，Did you know? Where? Performance dates and time”可知，短文向讀者介紹了有關(guān)音樂(lè)劇“獅子王”評(píng)論的細(xì)節(jié)，劇院的具體地點(diǎn)，導(dǎo)演的創(chuàng)作風(fēng)格，以及演出的時(shí)間。因此可知這些都在說(shuō)服人們購(gòu)買(mǎi)倫敦獅子王音樂(lè)劇的門(mén)票。所以判斷出短文來(lái)自于商業(yè)廣告雜志。所以短文來(lái)自于雜志。故選D項(xiàng)。
【32題詳解】
推理判斷題。由“Read our original review of The Lion King”可知，作者向讀者大篇幅的介紹了“獅子王”的影視評(píng)論的細(xì)節(jié)。這些細(xì)節(jié)會(huì)勾引人們“獅子王”的回憶和懷念。從而達(dá)到購(gòu)票去看獅子王音樂(lè)劇。所以通過(guò)影評(píng)的內(nèi)容和評(píng)論在文章中所占的比例，可以判斷出，作者通過(guò)提供評(píng)論的細(xì)節(jié)來(lái)勸說(shuō)讀者購(gòu)票。故選A項(xiàng)。

B
‘Come on slow coach! Hurry up!’ I (Emily) called excitedly. Grace walked over the cart and kneeled down beside me. ‘Are you ready?’ I asked. ‘Yes,’ said Grace.
Carefully I untied the string around the package. Then, together we pulled the sacks (麻布袋) off. There wasn’t a dead body inside There was just a roll of cloth. And we both recognized the cloth. It was from Salts Mill.
‘They’re stealing cloth from the mill,’ I said shocked.
‘We have to tell someone.’ said Grace.
‘Yes,’ I said, ‘but not yet. We’ll come back tonight. We’ll see who they meet.’
‘I don’t want to come back tonight,’ said Grace.
‘Then I’ll come by myself, I said I wasn’t afraid of the dark.
When you worked in a mill, you were afraid of the machines and you were afraid of the overlooker (監(jiān)工). They were far more terrifying than the darkness. I loved the silence of night-time. And in fact, I loved the darkness because with the darkness came the end of the working day.
So that night, I walked back to the canal alone. It was a clear night and I could see the stars. I hid in some bushes near the cart, and waited. I didn’t have to wait for long. First, the man with red hair came. He stood by the old cart and coughed, a horrible chesty cough that broke the silence of the night. Then along came another man. I recognized him and my heart sank. It was Grace’s father.
‘Poor Grace,’ I thought. ‘I can’t tell anyone about this. Grace’s father will go to prison. The family will lose their house. Grace will lose her job. They’ll have no money and no home. They’ll die.’
I looked into the darkness for an answer. ‘I have to tell someone,’ I thought. And there was only one person I could tell. There was only one person I could trust. That was James, James’ father was an important overlooker. ‘The overlooker won’t believe me. But maybe he’ll believe his son James loves me. He’ll listen to me.’
33. Why didn’t Grace want to come back that night?
A. Because she was a person who was afraid of darkness.
B. Because her slowness would have an effect on Emily’s plan.
C. Because she hated Emily due to Emily laughing at her slowness.
D. Because she had known her father’s participation in stealing cloth.
34. Which was not a reason for Emily’s love of darkness?
A. She could enjoy the silence that nights brought.
B. She could prove that she was braver than Grace.
C. She could have free time to relax herself after work.
D. She could break away from the overlooker and machines.
35. All of the following statements are true except that ________.
A. the red-haired man was not in good health
B. James’ father was the only person that Emily could believe in
C. Emily felt shocked to learn that another man was Graces’ father
D. the comments of the sacks contradicted what Emily and Grace had expected
【答案】33. A 34. B 35. B
【解析】
這是一篇記敘文。短文敘述了艾米麗和格蕾絲發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)麻袋，麻袋里裝著從工廠(chǎng)里偷來(lái)的布匹。艾米麗和格蕾絲決定晚上一探究竟，看看是誰(shuí)偷了布，但格蕾絲不敢晚上來(lái)。夜幕降臨，艾米麗驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn)偷布的人是格蕾絲的父親，她決定將此事告訴自己的男朋友 詹姆斯。
【33題詳解】
推理判斷題。由第六，七段“‘I don’t want to come back tonight,’ said Grace.‘Then I’ll come by myself, I said I wasn’t afraid of the dark.”可知，格蕾絲今晚不想回來(lái)一探究竟，艾米麗決定自己來(lái)，因?yàn)闉樗缓ε潞诎?。所以為什么格雷斯那天晚上不想回?lái)是因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)怕黑的人。故選A項(xiàng)。
【34題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第八段“you were afraid of the machines and you were afraid of the overlooker (監(jiān)工). They were far more terrifying than the darkness. I loved the silence of night-time. And in fact, I loved the darkness because with the darkness came the end of the working day.”可知，艾米麗和格蕾絲都是工廠(chǎng)的工人，白天工作時(shí)，他們害怕機(jī)器，害怕監(jiān)工。他們比黑暗可怕得多。艾米麗喜歡夜晚的寂靜。事實(shí)上，艾米麗喜歡黑暗，因?yàn)殡S著黑暗的到來(lái)，宣告這一天工作結(jié)束了，可以放松一下。所以B選項(xiàng)“她能證明她比格蕾絲勇敢”并不是她喜歡黑暗的原因。故選B項(xiàng)。
【35題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后段“And there was only one person I could tell. There was only one person I could trust. That was James”可知，艾米麗唯一能信任的人是 詹姆斯。所以B選項(xiàng)“詹姆斯的父親是艾米莉唯一能相信的人”是錯(cuò)誤的。故選B項(xiàng)。

C
There’s a lot of anxiety around how young people, particularly teenagers, use the internet but new research by Talk Talk suggests some of these fears may be emphasized too much.
In a recent study, 2,000 young people aged 13-16 year olds and the parents of the same teenagers, were interviewed about their attitudes to technology and loneliness. The teens were mainly optimistic about technology and its uses. Over half (71 percent) said that during times when they felt lonely, tech provided a solution to their loneliness such as enabling them to make new friends, receive support and advice, as well as read positive comments online.
However, social media was regarded as a cause for feeling lonely by 12 percent of teens, who said they felt lonely because they didn’t have many friends on social media.
When it comes to the parents, on the other hand, it demonstrated that there is an education gap between worrying about the internet, and knowing what to do about it.
For instance, 70 percent of parents worry bout their teens using the internet, but 65 percent said they did not limit the hours their teen spends using social media and tech, and 70 percent reported they don’t use parent protection controls and software. Around 37 percent said they feel ill-equipped or unsure about how to manage their teens online.
It seems like when it comes to teens on the internet, the main issue is with the parents not understanding what they’re doing. Research by Oxford University academics found there was little evidence between screen time and mental health in teenagers. The study used a mixture of self-reporting techniques as well as time-use diaries.
The research reflected another study earlier this year by the same academics that found technology use explains at most 40 percent of adolescent wellbeing (幸福安樂(lè)).
We’re still learning about how things like social media impact our health and wellbeing, but at least in this instance, it demonstrates that the Generation Z’s digital understanding nature means they may have more of a hold on tech and its effects than their parents do.
If you are a parent and worrying about your child’s screentime use, security company Norton has put together a handy guide on how to manage it, such as setting limits on screen time, and talk about the risks of sharing private information on social media.
36. What does the author want to illustrate with the example in Paragraph 5?
A. Parents are concerned about their teens using the Internet.
B. Parents are irresponsible for not controlling their teens’ using the Internet.
C. Parents should have a stronger control over the management of their teens using the internet.
D. Parents lack the strategies of handling their teens using the Internet despite their deep concerns.
37. The author refers to another earlier study in order to ________.
A. show that the finding of this earlier study is contrary to that of the recent one
B. prove that at least two studies are needed before drawing a sound conclusion
C. support that technology use doesn’t have so much to do with teens’ wellbeing
D. illustrate that technology use has a significant influence on teens’ wellbeing
38. Which shares the closest meaning to the words underlined?
A. Control B. Weakness.
C. Affection. D. Addiction.
39. Which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
A. Technology, a hell for teens! B. Technology, a must for teens!
C. Technology, a help to teens! D. Technology, a two-edged sword for teens!
【答案】36. D 37. C 38. A 39. C
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇說(shuō)明文。短文介紹了科技的應(yīng)用對(duì)青少年是有益的。
【36題詳解】
推理判斷題。由第五段“70 percent of parents worry about their teens using the internet.70 percent reported they don’t use parent protection controls and software. Around 37 percent said they feel ill-equipped or unsure about how to manage their teens online.可知，70%的父母擔(dān)心他們的孩子使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，70%的父母說(shuō)他們沒(méi)有使用父母保護(hù)控制和軟件。大約37%的人說(shuō)，他們覺(jué)得自己準(zhǔn)備不足或不確定如何在網(wǎng)上管理自己的孩子。所以通過(guò)關(guān)鍵詞“worry bout ，ill-equipped or unsure ”可以判斷出，作者想用第5段中的例子說(shuō)明了盡管父母非常擔(dān)心，但他們?nèi)狈μ幚砬嗌倌晔褂没ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)的策略。故選D項(xiàng)。
【37題詳解】
推理判斷題。由“The research reflected another study earlier this year by the same academics that found technology use explains at most 40 percent of adolescent wellbeing ”可知，這項(xiàng)研究反映了今年早些時(shí)候由同一個(gè)學(xué)者進(jìn)行的另一項(xiàng)研究，該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，科技的應(yīng)用最多能給青少年帶來(lái)40%的幸福感。所以通過(guò)“ at most 40 percent ”可以判斷出，作者引用了先前的另一項(xiàng)研究是為了支持科技的使用與青少年的幸福快樂(lè)沒(méi)有太大關(guān)系。故選C項(xiàng)。
【38題詳解】
詞句猜測(cè)題。由倒數(shù)第二段“ but at least in this instance, it demonstrates that the Generation Z’s digital understanding nature means they may have more of a hold on tech and its effects than their parents do.”可知，它表明了Generation Z對(duì)數(shù)字的理解意味著他們可能比他們的父母更能掌控科技及其影響。所以通過(guò)上下文的語(yǔ)境可以判斷出，control“控制”與劃線(xiàn)部分的意思最接近。故選A項(xiàng)。
【39題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文尤其是第一段，二段“There’s a lot of anxiety around how young people, particularly teenagers, use the internet but new research by Talk Talk suggests some of these fears may be emphasized too much. The teens were mainly optimistic about technology and its uses. Over half (71 percent) said that during times when they felt lonely, tech provided a solution to their loneliness such as enabling them to make new friends, receive support and advice, as well as read positive comments online”可知，人們對(duì)年輕人，尤其是青少年如何使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)有很多擔(dān)憂(yōu)，但Talk Talk的最新研究表明，其中一些擔(dān)憂(yōu)可能被過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)了。青少年主要對(duì)科技及其應(yīng)用持樂(lè)觀(guān)態(tài)度。超過(guò)一半（71%）的人說(shuō)，在他們感到孤獨(dú)的時(shí)候，科技為他們提供了解決孤獨(dú)的方法，比如讓他們交新朋友，獲得支持和建議，以及在網(wǎng)上閱讀積極的評(píng)論。所以短文的最佳標(biāo)題是“科技，幫助了青少年”。故選C項(xiàng)。
【點(diǎn)睛】抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或者正向推理做此類(lèi)試題要善于抓住某一段話(huà)中的關(guān)鍵信息，即某些關(guān)鍵詞或短語(yǔ)去分析、推理、判斷，利用逆向思維或正面推理，從而推斷出這句話(huà)所隱含的深層含義。
由第五段“70 percent of parents worry about their teens using the internet.70 percent reported they don’t use parent protection controls and software. Around 37 percent said they feel ill-equipped or unsure about how to manage their teens online.可知，70%的父母擔(dān)心他們的孩子使用互聯(lián)網(wǎng)，70%的父母說(shuō)他們沒(méi)有使用父母保護(hù)控制和軟件。大約37%的人說(shuō)，他們覺(jué)得自己準(zhǔn)備不足或不確定如何在網(wǎng)上管理自己的孩子。所以通過(guò)關(guān)鍵詞“worry bout ，ill-equipped or unsure ”可以判斷出，作者想用第5段中的例子說(shuō)明了盡管父母非常擔(dān)心，但他們?nèi)狈μ幚砬嗌倌晔褂没ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)的策略。故小題1選D項(xiàng)。

D
Spire Primary School
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Newsletter Principal’s Message
Dear parents,
I write to you this week to introduce a new idea for us all to think about. ‘Oh, no!’ I hear you say, ‘She’s got another idea!’ It is true that I often suggest new ideas, especially in areas that affect your children’s future, such as the preservation of our planet. We are the only local school that has a ‘Walk or Pedal to School Day’ once a week, rather than once a month or even once a term! We have four different bins for our waste products, not just three! But I think we at Spire can do more. We are responsible for the future of our world.
I have become increasingly concerned about the amount of unnecessary packaging in our everyday lives. If we don’t do something about this now, the damage to the environment will be enormous.
Last week I walked around the grounds at recess time, talking as I often do with any student who wanted to chat - many did, I am glad to say. I kept seeing your children holding little plastic packets with a few biscuits in one side and some cheese spread in the other. When the children had eaten, the little packets became waste material! I found myself wondering why those biscuits could not have been spread with cheese at home and brought to school in a re-usable container. Other children were drinking juice from cardboard boxes. Why not a washable plastic bottle? At our canteen I saw a child buy a sushi roll and apply soy sauce from a cute little plastic fish. That fish ended up on the ground until I asked the student to put it in the bin - more rubbish! Why not use a large bottle from which the sauce could be shared? (For that matter, how awful are those little tomato sauce containers given with meat pies – very dangerous if flicked into your eye!)
I know how busy your lives are but you and I need to give children the same message about unnecessary packaging. How many nights a week do you eat takeaway? Plastic boxes of beef in black bean sauce, plastic bags of lettuce with the paper bag of spring rolls, little plastic containers of sauces. All these things increase the amount of waste. I am told you can buy carrots that are already peeled, washed and sliced - in another plastic bag - but why not prepare your own vegetables for the lunch boxes?
I know reducing packaging will be a challenge at school and at home but it is one we must confront. I will be introducing a curriculum unit to teach about sustainability.
As usual, your comments are welcome.
Denise Walker, Principal
Comments (1)
Denise, you need to reconsider. It is a great pity if we don’t enjoy the benefits of 21st century living because of an unclear idea about what’s good for the environment.
My partner and I have always supported your green ideas about the environment. Our kids walk to school every day! They put their rubbish in the correct bins. But mornings are already chaotic in our house. How much worse would it be if we had to spread cheese on biscuits (and won’t they go soft)? You wouldn’t believe how many plastic bottles we have lost during our time at the school. And filling them - another task taking time in the morning. Both of us parents have to get to work as well.
Finally, why shouldn’t parents have the occasional night without cooking? Takeaway food is often a great help to busy people.
Louise



40. The underlined sentence She’s got another idea’ implies that ________.
A. she is a clever principal in others’ eyes
B. parents are grateful to the principal’s ideas
C. parents are impatient with her new suggestion
D. she attaches great importance to children’s future
41. The argument in Paragraph 3 of the principal’s message is mainly based on _________.
A. asking questions that force the reader to think
B. appealing to a feeling of sympathy from the reader
C. appealing to fear from the reader because of the danger
D. listing common packaging unneeded for students’ food
42. What is Denise Walker’s main purpose of writing the newsletter?
A. To introduce a curriculum to protect the environment.
B. To prove her responsibility in protecting the environment.
C. To suggest reducing packing to preserve the environment.
D. To attack the damage students have done to the environment.
43. Who do you think Louise probably is?
A. A student. B. A parent.
C. A dustman. D. An expert.
44. The tone of Louise’s comment is best described as _________.
A. indifferent B. critical
C. appreciative D. professional
45. Which can’t we learn from the two texts?
A. The principal has done some things unique to her school.
B. The principal has obtained support from parents and students.
C. The principal’s latest idea brings much inconvenience in Louise’s eyes.
D. The principal’s latest idea is not good for the environment in Louise’s opinion.
【答案】40. C 41. D 42. C 43. B 44. B 45. D
【解析】
【分析】
這是一篇應(yīng)用文。校長(zhǎng)Denise Walker給全體家長(zhǎng)寫(xiě)了一篇通訊，在通訊中校長(zhǎng)呼吁減少孩子所吃食物中不需要的常見(jiàn)包裝以此保護(hù)環(huán)境,并收到了家長(zhǎng)的回復(fù)。
【40題詳解】
推理判斷題。由第一段“Oh, no!’ I hear you say, ‘She’s got another idea!’”可知，“哦,不!“我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)你說(shuō)，“她又有了一個(gè)主意!”。所以通過(guò)校長(zhǎng)的語(yǔ)氣和所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容可以判斷出，劃線(xiàn)的句子She ' s got another idea暗示了父母對(duì)校長(zhǎng)的新建議不耐煩。故選C項(xiàng)。
【41題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第三段“I kept seeing your children holding little plastic packets with a few biscuits in one side and some cheese spread in the other. When the children had eaten, the little packets became waste material. Other children were drinking juice from cardboard boxes
At our canteen I saw a child buy a sushi roll and apply soy sauce from a cute little plastic fish. That fish ended up on the ground until I asked the student to put it in the bin - more rubbish”可知，我經(jīng)?？吹侥愕暮⒆觽兡弥∷芰洗?，一邊放著餅干，另一邊放著奶酪。當(dāng)孩子們吃完后，這些小包裝袋就變成了廢物。其他孩子正在喝紙盒里的果汁。在我們的食堂里，我看到一個(gè)孩子買(mǎi)了一個(gè)壽司卷，從一條塑料小魚(yú)身上擠出了些果醬涂在壽司上。那條魚(yú)最后掉在了地上，直到我叫學(xué)生把它扔進(jìn)垃圾桶——更多的垃圾。所以第三段中校長(zhǎng)的信息主要基于列出學(xué)生所吃食物中不需要的常見(jiàn)包裝。故選D項(xiàng)。
【42題詳解】
推理判斷題。由第二段“I have become increasingly concerned about the amount of unnecessary packaging in our everyday lives. If we don’t do something about this now, the damage to the environment will be enormous.”可知，校長(zhǎng)越來(lái)越擔(dān)心學(xué)生日常生活中不必要的包裝數(shù)量。如果現(xiàn)在不采取措施，對(duì)環(huán)境的破壞將是巨大的。所以 Denise Walker寫(xiě)這篇通訊的目的是建議減少包裝以此來(lái)保護(hù)環(huán)境。故選C項(xiàng)。
【43題詳解】
推理判斷題。由Comments (1)中的“ My partner and I have always supported your green ideas about the environment. Our kids walk to school every day!”可知，我們夫妻一直支持你對(duì)環(huán)境的綠色理念。我們的孩子每天步行上學(xué)。所以通過(guò)“Our kids”可判斷出知， Louise可能是父親(或母親)。故選B項(xiàng)。
【44題詳解】
推理判斷題。由Comments (1)中的“Denise, you need to reconsider. It is a great pity if we don’t enjoy the benefits of 21st century living because of an unclear idea about what’s good for the environment. why shouldn’t parents have the occasional night without cooking? Takeaway food is often a great help to busy people.”可知，你需要重新考慮一下。如果我們不享受21世紀(jì)生活所帶來(lái)的便利，那是非常遺憾的，因?yàn)槲覀儾磺宄裁磳?duì)環(huán)境有好處。為什么不讓父母偶爾晚上不做飯呢？外賣(mài)食品通常對(duì)忙碌的人很有幫助。所以通過(guò)Louise對(duì)Denise 回復(fù)的內(nèi)容可以判斷出，Louise評(píng)論的語(yǔ)氣是批判性的。故選B項(xiàng)。
【45題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由Comments (1)中的“My partner and I have always supported your green ideas about the environment.”可知，Louise夫妻一直支持Denise 對(duì)環(huán)境的綠色理念。所以依Louise的觀(guān)點(diǎn)看來(lái)，校長(zhǎng)最新的觀(guān)點(diǎn)對(duì)環(huán)境有好處。所以我們不能從這兩篇文章中了解到的是D選項(xiàng)“在Louise看來(lái)，校長(zhǎng)最新的想法對(duì)環(huán)境沒(méi)有好處”。故選D項(xiàng)。
【點(diǎn)睛】根據(jù)文章中人物所說(shuō)的話(huà)的內(nèi)容是解決推理判斷題的重要方法，因?yàn)橥ㄟ^(guò)所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容，我們可以判斷出，作者所要想表達(dá)的觀(guān)點(diǎn)是積極的還是消極的，是中立的還是支持或者否定某一方，對(duì)事情是關(guān)心的還是冷漠的。是在提出建議還是在提出具體的解決措施。
由Comments (1)中的“Denise, you need to reconsider. It is a great pity if we don’t enjoy the benefits of 21st century living because of an unclear idea about what’s good for the environment. why shouldn’t parents have the occasional night without cooking? Takeaway food is often a great help to busy people.”可知，你需要重新考慮一下。如果我們不享受21世紀(jì)生活所帶來(lái)的便利，那是非常遺憾的，因?yàn)槲覀儾磺宄裁磳?duì)環(huán)境有好處。為什么不讓父母偶爾晚上不做飯呢？外賣(mài)食品通常對(duì)忙碌的人很有幫助。所以通過(guò)Louise對(duì)Denise 回復(fù)的內(nèi)容可以判斷出，Louise評(píng)論的語(yǔ)氣是批判性的。故小題5選B項(xiàng)。

江蘇省泰州市2018-2019學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期期末考試高二英語(yǔ)試題
第三部分 閱讀理解（共10小題：每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分20分）
請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，
并在答題紙上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。
A
The organizing committee of the China International Import Expo has organized 45 city tour routes to help participating merchants gain a better understanding of the city and its industrial strengths. Below are 16 of the routes, with each located within a different district. These routes will showcase the architecture, history, culture, economy, technology and ecological protection efforts within each area.
Waigaoqiao "6+365" Exhibition Trading Platform
The "6+365" One-Stop Trading Services Platform aims to promote the operations of the CIIE. Professional services are available at this venue all year round. Among the buildings that can be toured is the International Automobile Exhibition Trading Center.
The Bund（外灘）
Apart from its classic architecture and waterfront views, the Bund, one of the most well-known attractions in Shanghai, is home to many major financial organizations.
Nanjing Road Tour
Visitors will get to tour this famous commercial street that features high-end shopping options and cultural offerings.
West Bund Area
The area is home to major enterprises' artificial intelligence deployments such as Microsoft, Tencent, Xiaomi and NetEase.
Experience Shanghai Culture
Visitors will walk along Yuyuan Road, an old street in Changning district that is said to be the most representative of Shanghainese style.
Fintech Tour
Here, visitors can explore cloud computing, artificial intelligence and block chain through visits to the Shanghai Science and Technology Financial Cluster Area.
Shanghai Culture Trail
This tour allows guests to experience Shanghai culture through visits to many former residences of celebrities.
Innovation Valley
Visitors will get to see the Changyang Campus which is well-known for its innovative efforts as well as similar companies and unicorn enterprises.
Baoshan Riverside & Ecology
Tour locations include the Shanghai Wusongkou International Cruise Terminal and the WusongPaotaiwan Wetland Forest Park.
Minhang Culture
This tour has a focus on cultural and creative industries where people can learn about traditional handicraft.
Intelligent Connected Vehicle Tour
Visitors will get to see the Shanghai International Automobile City in the district.
A place for paintings
Fengjing old town is well-known for its farmer paintings.
Ecological Songjiang
Visitors can admire the scenes of nature at the Sheshan Natural Forest Park.
36. What's the purpose of these city tour routes?
A. To help the participants get familiar with the routes of the expo.
B. To make people understand the city better and know its strengths.
C. To showcase beautiful places of interest of Shanghai to foreigners.
D. To promote Shanghai and help the participants know the strengths of its industry.
37. How many routes can meet your needs if you want to admire natural scenery?
A. 1 B. 2
C. 3 D. 4
【答案】36. D 37. B
【解析】
本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)組委會(huì)組織了16條城市旅游線(xiàn)路以幫助參展商更好地了解上海及其產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)。
【36題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“The organizing committee of the China International Import Expo has organized 45 city tour routes to help participating merchants gain a better understanding of the city and its industrial strengths.”可知，中國(guó)國(guó)際進(jìn)口博覽會(huì)組委會(huì)組織了45條城市旅游線(xiàn)路以幫助參展商更好地了解這個(gè)城市及其產(chǎn)業(yè)優(yōu)勢(shì)，故D項(xiàng)正確。
【37題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Baoshan Riverside & Ecology中的“Tour locations include the Shanghai Wusongkou International Cruise Terminal and the WusongPaotaiwan Wetland Forest Park.”可知，這條線(xiàn)路可以參觀(guān)吳淞口濕地森林公園；根據(jù)Ecological Songjiang中的“Visitors can admire the scenes of nature at the Sheshan Natural Forest Park.”可知，這條線(xiàn)路可以欣賞佘山自然森林公園的風(fēng)光，由此可知，一共有兩條線(xiàn)路欣賞自然風(fēng)光，故B項(xiàng)正確。
B
He was a founder of modem Chinese literature. He was regarded as "an old man always telling the truth". Living across two centuries, he experienced many periods of danger and suffering but never lost his beliefs. His name was Ba Jin.
As the 101-year-old legendary（傳奇的）writer passed away in Shanghai after a six-year battle with disease, millions of Chinese were deeply sad. People in Shanghai and Chengdu gathered around his old house and literature museum to mourn for the great man.
"My school held a series of ceremonies to express our deep sorrow,'' said Zuo Shang, a 17-year-old girl in Shanghai, who appreciates much of Ba's works. "He is a great writer who wrote so many masterpieces, but what I admire about him the most is his courage to tell the truth, 'Telling the truth, being an honest man.' That's what I learned from him," explained Zuo.
Ba Jin was born in 1904 in Chengdu, Sichuan Province. A son of a wealthy family, Ba helped the poor ever since he was a child. It is they who taught him a strong yet down-to earth way of living.
Ba finished his first novel, "Destruction", in 1929 during his travels to France. His later masterpieces, "Family" "Spring" and "Autumn", mirrored the struggles, tragedies and loves of the young in a feudal society. The books encouraged Chinese people not to give in to fate and to be their own masters.
"Ba Jin told the true story of his country and his people. His great love and service to them meant he was thinking about what he could do for them," said Bing Xin, a well-known writer and also his good friend.
Like other famous writers in China, Ba suffered in the "cultural revolution" during 1966—1976. But several years later, Ba examined his hard experience in strict introspection（自我反省）instead of hatred. His book, "Random Thoughts"， in 1979 displayed his real thoughts with painful sincerity and won him his reputation for honesty.
"It really hurts to recall my past mistakes, but 1 have to," said the respectable man. "Always tell the truth. Say what you think in the bottom of your heart. That's my life motto."
38. The following all show respect for the legendary writer EXCEPT .
A. people learned much from him
B. millions of Chinese were deeply sad at his death
C. schools held varieties of ceremonies to show deep sorrow
D. his works inspired Chinese people not to give in to fate and to be their own masters
39. His way of life was influenced by .
A. his wealthy family
B. the poor of his time he helped
C. his sufferings in the "culture revolution"
D. Bing Xin, a well-known writer and also his friend
40. According to the passage, Ba Jin impressed readers most with .
A. his beliefs in success B. his popular masterpieces
C. his courage to say what was in his heart D. his struggle against disease
41. What is the best title for the passage?
A. An Honest Writer B. A Helpful Writer
C. A Productive Writer D. A Successful Writer
【答案】38. D 39. B 40. C 41. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇人物傳記，介紹了一個(gè)敢于說(shuō)真話(huà)的作家巴金的生平和品質(zhì)。
【38題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“As the 101-year-old legendary writer passed away in Shanghai after a six-year battle with disease, millions of Chinese were deeply sad”可知，巴金的去世讓無(wú)數(shù)中國(guó)人沉浸在巨大的悲痛之中，根據(jù)第三段中的“My school held a series of ceremonies to express our deep sorrow可知，學(xué)校舉行一系列的儀式來(lái)悼念巴金，根據(jù)第三段中的“but what I admire about him the most is his courage to tell the truth, 'Telling the truth, being an honest man.' That's what I learned from him,”可知，人們從巴金身上學(xué)到了敢于說(shuō)真話(huà)的品質(zhì)，以上三點(diǎn)都是人們尊敬巴金的體現(xiàn)，根據(jù)第五段中的“The books encouraged Chinese people not to give in to fate and to be their own masters.”可知，鼓勵(lì)中國(guó)人民不屈服，掌握自己的命運(yùn)是他的作品的特點(diǎn)，而不是人們向他表達(dá)敬意的體現(xiàn)，故D項(xiàng)正確。
【39題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Ba helped the poor ever since he was a child. It is they who taught him a strong yet down-to earth way of living.”可知，正是巴金幫助過(guò)的那些窮人教會(huì)了他腳踏實(shí)地的生活方式，故B項(xiàng)正確。
【40題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“in 1979 displayed his real thoughts with painful sincerity and won him his reputation for honesty.”可知，他以令人痛苦的真誠(chéng)展示了自己的真實(shí)想法，贏得了誠(chéng)實(shí)的名聲，由此可知，令讀者印象深刻的是他敢于說(shuō)真話(huà)的勇氣，故C 項(xiàng)正確。
【41題詳解】
標(biāo)題判斷題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)最后一段中的“Always tell the truth. Say what you think in the bottom of your heart. That's my life motto.”可知，本文介紹了一個(gè)敢于說(shuō)真話(huà)的作家巴金的生平和品質(zhì)，故A項(xiàng)（一個(gè)真誠(chéng)的作家）正確。
【點(diǎn)睛】人物傳記類(lèi)文章一定要緊緊抓住人物的品質(zhì)，因?yàn)檫@往往體現(xiàn)在標(biāo)題中，例如本篇第4題，通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)最后一段中的“Always tell the truth. Say what you think in the bottom of your heart. That's my life motto.”可知，本文介紹了一個(gè)敢于說(shuō)真話(huà)的作家巴金的生平和品質(zhì)，文章反復(fù)強(qiáng)調(diào)了巴金敢于說(shuō)真話(huà)的品質(zhì)，這一品質(zhì)也令讀者印象深刻，由此可知，“一個(gè)真誠(chéng)的作家”最適合做文章標(biāo)題。
C
Even by the standards of poor countries, India is alarmingly — and unnecessarily — dirty. It needs to clean up. Most time of year, its capital, Delhi，smells as if something is burning. That is because of many things: the carcinogenic diesel（柴油）that supplies three quarters of the city's motor fuel, the dirty coal that supplies most of its power, the rice stalks that nearby farmers want to clear after the harvest and so on. All these make Delhi's air the most poisonous of any big city.
This does not just make life unpleasant for a lot of Indians. It kills them. Recent estimates put the annual death toll from breathing PM 2.5 alone at 1.2—2.2 million a year. The lifespan of Delhi residents is shortened by more than ten years, says the University of Chicago-Consumption of dirty water directly causes 200,000 deaths a year, a government think-tank estimates, without measuring its contribution to slower killers such as kidney disease. Some 600 million Indians, nearly half the country, live in areas where clean water is in short supply. As pollutants taint groundwater, and global warming makes the vital monsoon（季風(fēng)）rains more abnormal, the country is poisoning its own future.
Indian pollution is a danger to the rest of the world, too. Widespread dumping of antibiotics（抗生素）in rivers has made the country a hotspot for anti-microbial（抗微生物）resistance. Emissions of carbon dioxide, the most common greenhouse gas, grew by 6% a year between 2000 and 2016, compared with 1.3% a year for the world as a whole.
In the past India has explained its failure to clean up its act by pleading poverty, noting that richer countries were once just as dirty and that its output of waste per person still lags far behind theirs. But India is notably grubby（骯臟的）not just in absolute terms, but also relative to its level of development And it is becoming grubbier.
It is true that some ways of cutting pollution are expensive. But there are also cheap solutions，such as undoing mistakes that Indian bureaucrats（官僚）have themselves made. By funding rice farmers, for instance, the government has in effect cheered on the overusing of groundwater and the burning of stalks. Rules that encourage the use of coal have not made India more self-reliant, as intended, but instead have led to big imports of foreign coal while blackening India's skies. Much cleaner gas-fired power plants, meanwhile, sit idle.
Reliant on big business for funding and on the poor for votes, politicians have long ignored middle-class complaints about pollution, failing to give officials the backing to enforce rules. That is a pity, because when India does apply itself to ambitious goals, it often achieves them
Next year it will send its second rocket to the Moon.
Narendra Modi, the prime minister, promised with admirable frankness when he took over to rid the country of open defecation（缺陷）. Four and a half years and some $9 billion later, his Clean India campaign claims to have sponsored the building of an astonishing 90 million toilets. This is impressive, but India is still not clean. Its skies, its streets, its rivers and coasts will remain dangerously dirty until they receive similar attention.
42. As to the consequences of Indian pollution, which of the following is NOT true?
A. Climate of India is also being affected.
B. Water pollution causes the most deaths in India.
C. Almost half of the Indians don't have a good supply of clean water.
D. Pollution in India has also posed a threat to the world.
43. The underlined word "idle" in paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to .
A. untreated B. unused
C. unchanged D. uncleaned
44. By mentioning "Next year it will send its second rocket to the Moon" in paragraph 6, the author probably wants to tell us that .
A. Indian government relies on big business for funding
B. poverty makes it hard for Indian government to treat pollution
C. Indian government may have the ability to cut pollution if they determine to
D. sending a second rocket to the moon is one way Indian government will adopt to cut pollution
45. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?
A. To warn India to cut pollution.
B. To admire Narendra Modi's promise.
C. To describe the terrible pollution in India.
D. To explain the causes of India pollution.
【答案】42. B 43. B 44. B 45. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了印度的污染現(xiàn)象很?chē)?yán)重，對(duì)本國(guó)和世界都是嚴(yán)重的威脅，印度應(yīng)該應(yīng)該采取措施治理污染。
【42題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Consumption of dirty water directly causes 200,000 deaths a year, a government think-tank estimates”可知，印度每年有20萬(wàn)人因飲用污水而直接死亡，并不是說(shuō)水污染造成的死亡人數(shù)最多，故B項(xiàng)正確。
【43題詳解】
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞前的“Rules that encourage the use of coal have not made India more self-reliant, as intended, but instead have led to big imports of foreign coal while blackening India's skies.”可知，鼓勵(lì)使用煤炭的規(guī)定并沒(méi)有像預(yù)期那樣使印度更加自力更生，反而導(dǎo)致從外國(guó)大量進(jìn)口煤炭，與此同時(shí)，比煤炭清潔得多的燃?xì)獍l(fā)電廠(chǎng)卻處于閑置狀態(tài)，由此可知畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞詞義為“閑置的、未使用的”，故B項(xiàng)正確。
【44題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段內(nèi)容可知，印度將在明年發(fā)射第二枚火箭，這將耗費(fèi)巨額資金，這使本來(lái)就不富裕的印度更沒(méi)有資金治理污染，作者提到這件事就是為了告訴我們貧窮使印度政府更難治理污染，故B項(xiàng)正確。
【45題詳解】
作者意圖題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容特別時(shí)最好一段最后一句This is impressive, but India is still not clean. Its skies, its streets, its rivers and coasts will remain dangerously dirty until they receive similar attention.可知，印度仍然不干凈。它的天空，它的街道，它的河流將保持不干凈的骯臟，直到它們得到同樣的關(guān)注，因此可以推斷，本文介紹了印度的污染現(xiàn)象非常嚴(yán)重，對(duì)本國(guó)和世界都是嚴(yán)重的威脅，作者寫(xiě)這篇文章就是為了警告印度該治理污染了，故A項(xiàng)正確。
【點(diǎn)睛】本篇的詞義猜測(cè)題設(shè)在第五段最后一句句尾，因此對(duì)前一句的理解是關(guān)鍵，根據(jù)畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞前的“Rules that encourage the use of coal have not made India more self-reliant, as intended, but instead have led to big imports of foreign coal while blackening India's skies.”可知，鼓勵(lì)實(shí)用煤炭的規(guī)定并沒(méi)有像預(yù)期那樣使印度更加自力更生，反而導(dǎo)致從外國(guó)大量進(jìn)口煤炭，與此同時(shí)，比煤炭清潔得多的燃?xì)獍l(fā)電廠(chǎng)卻處于閑置狀態(tài)，也就是說(shuō)印度鼓勵(lì)使用煤炭，而不用燃?xì)獍l(fā)電廠(chǎng)，由此可知畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞詞義為“閑置的、未使用的”。
江蘇省南京市金陵中學(xué)2018-2019學(xué)年高二英語(yǔ)下學(xué)期期末考試試題
第三部分 閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題2分，滿(mǎn)分30分）
A
Freelance writers Wanted
Associated Content is an online publishing platform that enables anyone to earn money by writing articles on the Web.
Writing for AC is a great work opportunity for students, stay-at-home parents and freelance writers. You can work on your own time and provide papers, reviews, essays, etc. on any topic that you have interest in. This is a job you can do from anywhere—all you need is access to the Internet.
Here’s how you get started:
1) Go to wwwassociatedcontent.com/join/hotjobs.
2) Follow the instructions to register.
3) Follow in your profile (簡(jiǎn)介),making note of your previous experience and your areas of experience (if any).
4) Start providing articles. You'll begin earning money as soon as your articles are published and the amount is based on the page views it receives.
In addition to our own library of content, we have hundreds of partners (Partner Content Team) who work with AC to obtain high-quality. As such, there are lots of opportunities for our most talented and productive writers to accept “Partner Assignments” on an as-needed basis.
If you're interested in accepting higher paying Partner Assignments, send us a link to your AC profile once you have provided at least five articles. We will review all articles and pass them along to our Partner Content Team. If selected, you will start receiving special paid assignments from us on a regular basis, which you are free to accept or ignore.
NOTE: we pay our writers via PayPal daily.
Any questions? Email me: demelasociatedcontent.com
41. You can write for AC on condition that you ____.
A. have access to the Internet
B. have rich experience in writing
C. must be free at home
D. must provide at least five articles
42. Partner Content Team is mentioned here to_____.
A. show off its rich library of content
B. lay stress on the importance of cooperation
C. seek more support from other business partners
D. attract more people to write articles for AC
【答案】41. A 42. D
【解析】
本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了在線(xiàn)出版平臺(tái)AC招聘自由作家的相關(guān)信息。
【41題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Associated Content is an online publishing platform that enables anyone to earn money by writing articles on the Web.” 及第二段最后一句 This is a job you can do from anywhere — all you need is access to the Internet. 可知，如果想給AC寫(xiě)文章的話(huà)必須要上網(wǎng)，故A項(xiàng)正確。
【42題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段內(nèi)容可知，如果你想獲得更高的稿酬的話(huà)，就要提交一個(gè)鏈接給 Partner Content Team，如果你被接受了，可從中得到特殊的有償任務(wù)，由此可知，提及 Partner Content Team 的目的就是用高稿酬吸引更多的人為AC寫(xiě)文章，故D項(xiàng)正確。

B
From dogs and cats to pandas and penguins, lists of adorable animals can be very varied. However, when it comes to scary animals, the answers are often more or less the same-snakes and spiders are among the most dreadful ones for the majority of us.
However, most of us have never been bitten by a snake or a spider. So does this mean we are born with a fear of certain things?
Scientists have been actively looking into it for a long time. For example, studies have suggested that babies find live animals much more interesting than stuffed （毛絨填充的） ones. This interest continues even if those animals are snakes and spiders.
A study published in Psychological Science in 2008seemed to show that snakes did have a different impact on babies. When scientists presented babies with animal videos along with random sounds of happy or frightened human voices, hey found that babies looked at snakes for longer than any other animal however the voices sounded.
Now, a team from Rutgers University in New Jersey, US has tried to challenge the idea that babies are born with a fear of snakes and spiders. According to the BBC, the researchers measured babies' physiological （生理的） responses as they watched videos of snakes and elephants paired with both fearful and happy voices.
Scientists then set out to surprise the babies to see how they would react. They presented them with an unexpected bright flash of light as they watched a video. As the BBC explained, a surprise like this would be more intense （強(qiáng)烈的） if the babies were already scared, just like when we watch scary films and jump more if we are already scared.
However, according to their findings, published recently in the Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, babies 'surprised responses were not bigger when watching a video of a snake, even when it was shown with a fearful voice. Their heart response was also lower, which also made it seem that babies were not scared.
"Children do not have an innate fear of snakes,"concluded the study. Even if previous studies had suggested that babies have different responses to snakes, it isn't necessarily related to fear."It's possible that paying more attention to something might make fear learning easier later on. It leads to fear learning,"said research co-author Vanessa LoBue. She further explained that it was a good thing that humans didn't have an inborn fear of snakes because it would make a young infant's desire to explore new things less strong.
Instead, we have evolved to quickly learn to be afraid of something if it turns out to be dangerous.
43. What is the article mainly about?___
A. Whether humans are born with a fear of snakes and spiders.
B. How people's fear of snakes and spiders has evolved.
C. How babies react differently from adults to snakes and spiders
D. Why snakes and spiders are considered the most dreadful animals.
44. What was the finding of the study published in Psychological Science in 2008?___
A. The longer babies looked at snakes in the video, the less scared they were.
B. Babies took more interest in snakes than the other animals in the videos regardless of which human voices they heard.
C. Babies' responses to the snake in the videos were greatly affected by the types of voices they heard.
D. The fearful voices babies heard when watching snake videos doubled their fear of snakes.
45. How did babies react when the researchers from Rutgers University surprised them while they were watching a video of a snake?___
A. A fearful voice didn't make their surprised response become more intense.
B. They became more scared when they experienced an unexpected bright flash of light.
C. Babies 'heart responses changed slightly when they heard a fearful voice.
D. They paid more attention to the snakes when they heard a fearful voice.
46. The underlined word"innate"in the second-to-last paragraph is the closest in meaning to___.
A. immediate B. lasting
C. from birth D. from learning
【答案】43. A 44. B 45. A 46. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了人類(lèi)是否天生就害怕蛇和蜘蛛。
【43題詳解】
主旨大意題. 根據(jù)第二段中的“So does this mean we are born with a fear of certain things”可知，文章主要介紹的是人類(lèi)是否天生就害怕蛇和蜘蛛，故A項(xiàng)正確。
【44題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題. 根據(jù)第四段中的“When scientists presented babies with animal videos along with random sounds of happy or frightened human voices,they found that babies looked at snakes for longer than any other animal however the voices sounded”可知，無(wú)論在哪種聲音環(huán)境下，孩子對(duì)蛇的興趣大于其他動(dòng)物，故B項(xiàng)正確。
【45題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第七段中的“babies' surprised responses were not bigger when watching a video of a snake, even when it was shown with a fearful voice”可知，可怕的聲音并沒(méi)有使孩子驚訝的反應(yīng)更強(qiáng)烈，故A項(xiàng)正確。
【46題詳解】
詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文中的“So does this mean we are born with a fear of certain things?”可知，文章討論的是人類(lèi)是否天生就害怕蛇和蜘蛛，此處是說(shuō)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子對(duì)蛇沒(méi)有與生俱來(lái)的恐懼，由此可知畫(huà)線(xiàn)詞詞義為“生來(lái)、天生的”，故C項(xiàng)正確。
【點(diǎn)睛】科普說(shuō)明文的主旨大意題難度較大，這類(lèi)文章的特點(diǎn)是通常在第一段引出話(huà)題，然后用一般疑問(wèn)句或反問(wèn)句點(diǎn)明文章主題，因此要特別注意文章前兩段所出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)句，例如本篇第1題，文章第一段用狗、貓、熊貓和企鵝等可愛(ài)動(dòng)物引出蛇和蜘蛛等可怕的動(dòng)物，接著第二段中的“So does this mean we are born with a fear of certain things”點(diǎn)明主題——人類(lèi)是否天生就害怕蛇和蜘蛛，下文介紹了對(duì)此的研究，因此文章主要介紹的是人類(lèi)是否天生就害怕蛇和蜘蛛。

C
When international aid is given,steps must be taken to ensure（確保）that the aid reaches the people for whom it is intended. The way to achieve this may not be simple. It is very difficult for a nation to give help directly to people in another nation. The United Nations Organization （UNO） could undertake to direct the distribution of aid. Here however rises the problem of costs. Also tied with this is time. Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes.
More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster,it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times. A common proverb says,"Give me a fish and I eat for a day,teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime. "If we follow this wise saying,it would be right to teach people from less developed nations to take care of themselves. For example,a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. Sometimes what is taken for granted,like the setting up of a water purification plant or the administration of a school,could be useful for countries which are looking about to solve common problems. It does not cost much to share such simple things. Exchange students could be attached for a number of months or years and learn the required craft while on the site. They can then take their knowledge back to their homelands and if necessary come back from time to time to clear doubts or to update themselves. Such aid will be truly helpful and there is no chance of it being temporary or of it falling into the wrong hands.
Many countries run extensive courses in all sorts of skills. It will not cost much to include deserving foreigners in these courses. Besides giving effective help to the countries concerned,there is also the build-up of friendships to consider. Giving direct help by giving materials may be effective in the short run and must continue to be given in the event of emergencies. However,in the long run what is really effective would be the sharing of knowledge.
47. According to the author, how could international aid reach the victims in time?___
A. By solving the cost problems.
B. By solving the transportation problems.
C. By relying on the direct distribution of the UNO.
D. By setting up a body of devoted people in every country.
48. What does the author try to express in the underlined sentence?___
A. Providing food is vital.
B. Teaching skills is vital.
C. Learning to fish is helpful.
D. Looking after others is important.
49. The second paragraph is developed mainly___.
A. by comparison B. by contrast
C. by example D. by process
50. Which aid is likely to fall into the wrong hands?___
A. A water plant B. Financial support.
C. A medical team D. An exchange program.
【答案】47. D 48. B 49. C 50. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，災(zāi)難在全球是不可避免的. 國(guó)際援助雪中送炭. 然而援助要落到實(shí)處,著實(shí)要有些高效的措施，災(zāi)區(qū)要直接受惠于援助，聯(lián)合國(guó)為此做出了努力，比如,建立一個(gè)正直無(wú)私心救援物質(zhì)的管理團(tuán)隊(duì)。本文作者認(rèn)為高效的援助不在于物質(zhì),而是平日里技術(shù)知識(shí)的共享——打造堅(jiān)固友誼,互派國(guó)際交換生！
【47題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Perhaps the UNO could set up a body of devoted men and women in every country who can speedily distribute aid to victims of floods and earthquakes. ”可知，救援物質(zhì)要快速地分配到災(zāi)區(qū),聯(lián)合國(guó)可以在各國(guó)組建一支特別團(tuán)隊(duì)，專(zhuān)門(mén)實(shí)施這項(xiàng)工作，也就是在每個(gè)國(guó)家組建一個(gè)由有奉獻(xiàn)精神的人組成的隊(duì)伍來(lái)確保國(guó)際援助及時(shí)到達(dá)受害者手中，故D項(xiàng)正確。
【48題詳解】
推理判斷題。"Give me a fish and I eat for day,teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime. "相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)"授人以魚(yú)不如授人以漁. ",強(qiáng)調(diào)的是"漁"（技術(shù)）。后文舉例可以得到印證："For example,a country could share its technology with another. "（一個(gè)國(guó)家可以與另一國(guó)共享技術(shù)資源），由此可知，作者的目的是強(qiáng)調(diào)教授技術(shù)的重要性，故B項(xiàng)正確。
【49題詳解】
篇章結(jié)構(gòu)題。第二段首句“More than the help that one nation can give to another during a disaster,it would be more effective to give other forms of help during normal times.（比起一個(gè)國(guó)家在災(zāi)難中給予另一個(gè)國(guó)家的幫助，在正常時(shí)期給予其他形式的幫助會(huì)更有效）”點(diǎn)明本段中心：加強(qiáng)平日技術(shù)知識(shí)交流，段中的多次使用for example，like等詞語(yǔ)。所以本段主要使用例證法來(lái)展開(kāi)介紹的，故C項(xiàng)正確。
【50題詳解】
推理判斷題。（對(duì)災(zāi)區(qū)的）財(cái)政援助主要是各地的捐款和物質(zhì),如果falls into the wrong hands,那可能造成救援錢(qián)物被貪污或挪作他用，故B項(xiàng)正確。
【點(diǎn)睛】本篇第2題推理判斷題的難度較大，對(duì)"Give me a fish and I eat for day,teach me to fish and I eat for a lifetime. "這句話(huà)的理解是關(guān)鍵，這句話(huà)相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)"授人以魚(yú)不如授人以漁. ",強(qiáng)調(diào)的是"漁"（技術(shù)）兒不是魚(yú)，后文舉例可以得到印證：" For example,a country could share its technology with another. This could be in simple areas like agriculture or in more complex areas like medical and health care or even in building satellites. Even a small country is able to help less developed nations. "（例如，一個(gè)國(guó)家可以與另一個(gè)國(guó)家共享其技術(shù)。這可能是在簡(jiǎn)單的領(lǐng)域，如農(nóng)業(yè)，或在更復(fù)雜的領(lǐng)域，如醫(yī)療和衛(wèi)生保健，甚至在建造衛(wèi)星。即使是一個(gè)小國(guó)也能幫助欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家），由此可知，作者的目的是強(qiáng)調(diào)教授技術(shù)（而不是物質(zhì)幫助）非常重要。

D
Psychology has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems.In large hospitals, modern therapy(療法)seems to focus on the physical disease.Patients may feel they are treated like broken machines.Some doctors have recognized this as a problem.They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.
The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient's body physically.The body of the patient changes because of the disease.He is not only physically affected, but also has an emotional response to the disease.Because his mind is affected, and his attitude and behavior change.The medical treatment might cure the patient's physical problems, but the patient's mind must fight the emotional ones.For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M.D., have shown that a typical cancer patient has predictable attitudes.She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry.Her constant depression makes her acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses.Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery.Therefore, a doctor's treatment must help the patient change that.Simonton's method emphasizes treatment of the “whole” patient.
The attitude of a cancer patient receiving radiation therapy, an Xray treatment, can become more positive.The physician who is following Simonton's psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor(腫瘤)in the body.In the mental picture, the patient“sees”a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy.The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink.For another cancer patient, Dr.Simonton asks him to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells.The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying and his blood carrying away the dead cells.Both the medical therapy and the patient's positive attitude fight the disease.
Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works.However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change.They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease.
Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy.At first, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply.The patient thinks only about one thing.He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he is asleep, or rather in a trance(催眠狀態(tài)). Then the physician makes“a suggestion”to the patient about the medical problem.The patient's mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance.In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.
Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, such treatment may help the patient with a chronic diseases. Suggestion has been used to change children’s habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems.
Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology and that psychology has important applications in medicine.
51. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. How suggestion therapy benefits adults and children.
B. How to use the mind against disease.
C. Responses from the medical world.
D. How modern therapy focuses on the disease.
52. How does psychological therapy work?
A. The doctor, the medicine, and the patient work together to fight disease.
B. The doctor uses medical treatment to cure the patient's problems
C. The patient uses his mind to cure himself.
D. The patient waits for the medicine and treatment to cure him.
53. What can we learn from the studies of Carl Simonton, M.D.?
A. The medical treatment can cure the patient's mental disease.
B. The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment.
C. The treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary.
D. Few patients have emotional response to the disease.
54. The use of psychological therapy is helpful to some patients in that________.
A. the patients can see a powerful beam of radiation hitting their tumor cells
B. the medical effect is better with psychological therapy than without it
C. the patients are easy to accept the methods the doctors use to treat them
D. the patients' attitudes towards themselves have changed
55. It can be learned from the passage that suggestion therapy cannot be used to________.
A. help cure patients of insomnia(失眠癥)
B. help the patients with chronic diseases
C. help change some bad habits
D. help adults deal with the strong pain of some diseases
【答案】51. B 52. A
53. C 54. D 55. A
【解析】
本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了如何利用心理療法治療疾病，即：病人、醫(yī)生與藥物三方一起對(duì)抗疾病。
【51題詳解】
主旨大意題。通讀全文，特別是根據(jù)第一段中的“They are now using psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine.”可知，本文主要介紹了如何利用心理療法治療疾病，即：病人、醫(yī)生與藥物三方一起對(duì)抗疾病，故B項(xiàng)正確。
【52題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“psychological therapy, in which the patient is working with the doctors against the disease with the help of medicine”可知，在心理治療中，在藥物的幫助下，病人與醫(yī)生一起對(duì)抗疾病，故A項(xiàng)正確。
【53題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Such attitudes and behaviors prevent recovery.Therefore, a doctor's treatment must help the patient change that.Simonton's method emphasizes treatment of the “whole” patient.”可知，Carl Simonton, M.D的研究強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)病人的整體（身體和心理）治療，即：對(duì)病人的心理治療和身體治療同樣是必要的，故C項(xiàng)正確。
【54題詳解】
細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change.”可知，心理療法對(duì)一些病人有幫助在于他們對(duì)自己的態(tài)度發(fā)生了變化，故D項(xiàng)正確。
【55題詳解】
推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, such treatment may help the patient with a chronic diseases. Suggestion has been used to change children’s habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking”可知，心理療法可用來(lái)幫助減輕劇烈疼痛、治療慢性病及改掉孩子咬指甲和手指等不好的習(xí)慣，而沒(méi)有提到用于治療失眠，故A項(xiàng)正確。

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