非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 高考主要考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的作用和形式。在作用方面主要考查作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)用不定式還是分詞；作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)用不定式還是動(dòng)名詞；在形式方面主要考查用一般式還是完成式、主動(dòng)式還是被動(dòng)式、現(xiàn)在分詞還是過(guò)去分詞等。 一、考點(diǎn)1 動(dòng)詞不定式（2020·全國(guó)II卷）They are easy        (care) for and make great presents.【答案】to care【解析】sth. is easy to do，表示某事容易……，且此處為動(dòng)詞不定式表示被動(dòng)，故填to care。【點(diǎn)撥】(一)不定式的用法1.作主語(yǔ)(1)不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往放在謂語(yǔ)之后，用it作形式主語(yǔ)。It is right to give up smoking.戒煙是正確的。(2)在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)中，若形容詞側(cè)重于評(píng)價(jià)人物的特性、特征，則構(gòu)成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞應(yīng)用of，此時(shí)形容詞常為kind, nice, foolish等詞，且sb.與形容詞之間可構(gòu)成邏輯上的系表關(guān)系；若形容詞側(cè)重于描寫不定式動(dòng)作的特征、特點(diǎn)，則構(gòu)成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞應(yīng)用for。It is generous of him to contribute so much.他捐獻(xiàn)了這么多真是太慷慨了。 2.作賓語(yǔ)(1)下列動(dòng)詞只能用不定式作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣：決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望，拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish; refuse, manage, care, pretend主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃，同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫offer, promise, choose, plan; agree, ask/beg, helpWe agreed to meet at the school gate.我們一致同意在校門口見面。(2)在某些動(dòng)詞如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe后，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，然后加賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，最后加不定式作真正的賓語(yǔ)。We think it our duty to protect the environment.我們認(rèn)為保護(hù)環(huán)境是我們的責(zé)任。3.作表語(yǔ)不定式作表語(yǔ)多表示某一次具體的、特定的或有待實(shí)現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作。My dream is to enter Peking University.我的夢(mèng)想是考入北京大學(xué)。 4.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(1)在很多動(dòng)詞后都可以用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind, prefer, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。Father will not allow us to play in the street.父親不會(huì)允許我們?cè)诮稚贤嫠！?/span>(2)下列動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))接省略to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：一感 (feel)，二聽(hear, listen to)，三使(let，have, make)，五看 (see, notice, observe, watch, look at)，半幫助 (help)，但在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)需加to。Nobody saw him come in. (主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))沒(méi)人看見他進(jìn)來(lái)。 5.作定語(yǔ)(1)不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。I have a lot of work to do.我有許多工作要做。(2)不定式常放在某些名詞或代詞后作定語(yǔ)。如果作定語(yǔ)的不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后需要加相應(yīng)的介詞。I need a pen to write with.我需要一支鋼筆寫字。[特別注意]如果被不定式修飾的名詞為place, time, way等，不定式后的介詞習(xí)慣上可以省去。(3)不定式用來(lái)修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no, all, any等限定的中心詞，且與中心詞為邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系。He is always the first to arrive at the school and the last to leave the school.他總是第一個(gè)到校，最后一個(gè)離校。(4)被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí)，常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。常見的該類名詞有：ability, chance, idea, hope, wish, fact, excuse, promise, attempt, way等。The ability to express an idea is as important as the idea itself.表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力與觀點(diǎn)本身同等重要。[特別注意]不定式作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，若句子主語(yǔ)是不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，則用主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義；若句子主語(yǔ)不是不定式動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，則用被動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)含義。She has a sister to look after.她有一個(gè)妹妹要照顧。(she是look after的執(zhí)行者)6.作狀語(yǔ)(1)作目的狀語(yǔ)。表示“為了”，可以單獨(dú)放在句首、句中或句末。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as，但so as to不能置于句首。To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs.為了提高社區(qū)服務(wù)水平，一些學(xué)校已經(jīng)發(fā)起了義務(wù)志愿者服務(wù)計(jì)劃。(2)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常表示令人意外的結(jié)果，有時(shí)前面加only，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中：only to do 表示意想不到的結(jié)果enough to do   足夠做……too ... to do   太……而不能……so/such ... as to ...   如此……以至于……Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.湯姆乘出租車去了機(jī)場(chǎng)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)已飛入高空。 (3)作原因狀語(yǔ)。表示喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等的形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，后可接不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)，用以說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種心理活動(dòng)或情緒的原因，常用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有sorry, surprised, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish等。Maggie was glad to be home in her own bed.瑪吉回到家躺在自己的床上，覺(jué)得非常高興。 7. “疑問(wèn)詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)疑問(wèn)詞who，what，which，when，where，how等后上加上不定式相當(dāng)于名詞性從句。同樣一句話，英語(yǔ)里可以用從句和不定式結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)，意思沒(méi)有區(qū)別。I didn’t know how I could get back to the village.I didn’t know how to get back to the village.我不知道怎么回到村子。 (二)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)1.動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成和用法形式意義主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式與句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之后發(fā)生to doto be done進(jìn)行式在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)正在進(jìn)行to be doing—完成式在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生to have doneto have been done完成進(jìn)行式發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前并且持續(xù)到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)仍在進(jìn)行to have be doing— 2.動(dòng)詞不定式語(yǔ)態(tài)四注意(1)不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式往往用主動(dòng)形式。Have you got a key to unlock the door?你有開門的鑰匙嗎？(2)不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，又和該句主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式常用主動(dòng)形式。He needs a room to live in.他需要一間房間居住。(3)不定式作表語(yǔ)(性質(zhì))形容詞的狀語(yǔ)，和句中主語(yǔ)之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式多用主動(dòng)形式，這是因?yàn)槿藗兺J(rèn)為形容詞后省去了for sb.。The book is very hard to understand.這本書很難理解。(4)在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)說(shuō)話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時(shí)，不定式用主動(dòng)形式；如果說(shuō)話人強(qiáng)調(diào)的是事情本身必須完成，則用被動(dòng)形式。There is a lot of work to do. (有人必須去干活)請(qǐng)注意下面兩個(gè)句子的含義是不同的：There is nothing to do. (無(wú)事可做，感到十分乏味) 二、考點(diǎn)2 動(dòng)名詞(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for _______________ (be) Britain's oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.【答案】being【解析】for為介詞，故其后的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用v.-ing形式。【點(diǎn)撥】(一)動(dòng)名詞的句法功能1.作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)用it作形式主語(yǔ)。Hearing how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.聽別人對(duì)你剛讀過(guò)的這本書的反應(yīng)會(huì)帶來(lái)額外的樂(lè)趣。It is worth making an appointment before you go.去之前預(yù)約一下是值得的。[知識(shí)拓展]下面句型中常用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)：It is/was a waste (of ...)/no use/no good doing sth. 2.作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示通常的情況，多指抽象的、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作，句子主語(yǔ)通常是無(wú)生命的事物或由what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。表語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)通常是對(duì)等的關(guān)系，表示主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)有時(shí)可互換位置。My job is teaching you English.= Teaching you English is my job.我的工作是教你們英語(yǔ)。 3.作賓語(yǔ)(1)下列動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，請(qǐng)牢記下面的口訣：考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成就欣賞avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡forbid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escapeHe tried to avoid answering my questions.他試圖對(duì)我的問(wèn)題避而不答。 (2)由“動(dòng)詞＋介詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，其后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，常見的有be/get used to (習(xí)慣于), look forward to (期盼), feel like (想要), insist on (堅(jiān)持), get down to (開始認(rèn)真做某事), devote ... to ... (致力于……), object to (反對(duì)), stick to (堅(jiān)持), give up (放棄)等。It's time I got down to thinking about that essay.我該認(rèn)真思考一下那篇論文了。 (3)下列動(dòng)詞或詞組既可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，也可以接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義上有區(qū)別：4．作定語(yǔ)(1)動(dòng)名詞可置于名詞前作定語(yǔ)，表示被修飾的名詞的用途、性能或目的。a walking stick＝a stick for walking　手杖a sleeping car＝a car for sleeping　臥鋪車(2)表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可以表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。John is a promising young man.約翰是一個(gè)有前途的年輕人。 (二)動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)形式意義主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)一般式與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或稍后發(fā)生doingbeing done完成式先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作完成having donehaving been done　　　 Do you like playing chess？你喜歡下棋嗎？She was pleased that the teacher wasn't angry with her for her having been so rude.她很高興老師沒(méi)有因?yàn)樗臒o(wú)禮而生氣。(三)動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)名詞前面可以有自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)由物主代詞或人稱代詞賓格、名詞所有格或普通格加動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成。在句子開頭通常用動(dòng)名詞所有格或物主代詞。Tom’s doing sth                   可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)his doing sthTom doing sth                 可作賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)him doing sthYour leaving will be a great loss to us.（作主語(yǔ)）你的離開對(duì)我們來(lái)說(shuō)將會(huì)是一個(gè)巨大的損失。Peter’s sailing across the ocean surprised us a lot. （作主語(yǔ)）Peter橫渡大洋這一舉動(dòng)令我們很震驚。I don’t like your speaking ill of other people.(作賓語(yǔ))我不喜歡你說(shuō)別人的壞話。I object to anyone smoking in the room.（作賓語(yǔ)）我反對(duì)任何人在房間里吸煙。The trouble is their not having enough time.（作表語(yǔ)）問(wèn)題是他們沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間。 強(qiáng)化練習(xí)1. Peter was so excited when he received an invitation from his friend      (visit) Chongqing.2. He gave a lame excuse for       (absent) which made him very embarrassed.3. Helen was kinder to her youngest son, which made the others        (envy) him.4. I like getting up very early in the morning because the morning air is so good       (breathe).5. We had better put off interviewing the athlete, for he is busy preparing for an international contest _______ (hold) in Shanghai next month.6 Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could ______ (enter) a good college. 7. You don't have to run fast or for long________ (see) the benefit.8. The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ______ (improve) water quality.9. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ________ (stay) and watch. 10. While regularly eating out seems to________ (become) common for many young people in recent years, it's not without a cost.11. They are required ________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.12. For 25 days, she never left her baby, not even to find something ________ (eat)! 13. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ________ (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.14. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ________ (stop) until we reached the next stop. 15. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ________ (die) early by running. 16. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ________ (look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel challenged. 17. I still remember ________ (visit) a friend who'd lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn't cooked once in all that time. 18. Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.19.But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term ________ (rest)．20. The next morning he hired a boat and set out        (find) the well-known painter.21. The Romany resist ____________ (make) permanent homes, and choose not to become citizens of the countries they move to.22. Many students objected to _____ (arrange) for extra lessons during holidays. 23. My ambassadorial duties will include ________(introduce)British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research centre in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.24.If mankind toys with nature in this way, we may be on the way to______________（destroy) our future.25. You can never imagine the great difficulty that I had___________ (persuade) him to drop the experiment. 26.We have always regretted__________（sell)the house,because the price now is twice that of last year.27. The traditional approach to __________(handle) complicated problems is to break them down into simple ones.28. Scientists say there’ll be many more discoveries __________(make) about the tomb of Qing Shihuang.29. The manager was removed from his post, leaving many problems remaining difficult __________(solve).30. Keep________ (hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility. Fido, a little dog, was very anxious to get the favor on his master. He took care, however,  neither to be troublesome,31．   would he follow him into the living room unless he was asked. He also tried to make 32．   (he) useful to his kind master. He would drive away strange pigs and other animals 33．   came into the yard．Once when his master was sick, Fido 34．   (lie) at the room door and did not leave, even to get his food．When his master was well enough, Fido 35．    (admit) into the room, and showed so many signs of joy that his master was more fond 36．    him than ever．Fido even had a chance of 37．   (save) his master's life. His master was sleeping in a summerhouse with Fido at his side. Suddenly 38．   dog saw the wall shake, and dirt fall from the ceiling. Fido knew that there was danger, and began barking 39．   ( awake) his master. As this did not succeed, he jumped up, and 40．   ( gentle) bit his finger. His master had just time to get out of the door when the whole building fell. Fido was hurt by some of the rubbish. And his master had him kindly taken care of till he got well．                   1. to visit【解析】句意：當(dāng)彼特的朋友邀請(qǐng)他參觀重慶時(shí)，他是如此激動(dòng)。動(dòng)詞不定式to visit限定invitation做后置定語(yǔ)。故填to visit。2. being absent【解析】句意：他找了個(gè)站不住腳的理由來(lái)解釋缺席的原因，這使他很尷尬。be absent表示缺席，且作介詞for的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)being absent，故填being absent。3. envy【解析】句意：海倫對(duì)她的最小的兒子比對(duì)其他的孩子要好得多，這使其他的人很是嫉妒。make sb.do sth.表示讓某人做某事，使役動(dòng)詞make后跟省略不定式符號(hào)to的不定式，作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。故填envy。4. to breathe【解析】句意：我喜歡早起，因?yàn)樵绯靠梢院粑叫迈r空氣。breathe和air之間雖然是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但good后省略了for me，其邏輯主語(yǔ)是I，故用動(dòng)詞不定式的主動(dòng)形式。故填to breathe。5. to be held【解析】句意：我們最好推遲采訪這位運(yùn)動(dòng)員，因?yàn)樗τ跍?zhǔn)備下個(gè)月在上海舉行的國(guó)際比賽。此處contest和hold之間是一種被動(dòng)關(guān)系，這里是動(dòng)詞不定式一般式的被動(dòng)式作后置定語(yǔ)，故填to be held。6. to enter【解析】此句為省略句，即在could后省略了動(dòng)詞do，若把句子補(bǔ)完整應(yīng)為Everyone in our class was working hard and doing what we could do to enter a good college。即句中的不定式短語(yǔ)（to enter a good college）是用作目的狀語(yǔ)的，而不是與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞could一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)。故填to enter。7. to see　【解析】句意：你不必跑很快或很久就能看到它的好處。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)該使用不定式形式作目的狀語(yǔ)。8. to improve【解析】根據(jù)“改善水質(zhì)”是“政府鼓勵(lì)農(nóng)民種植玉米而不種植水稻”的目的，可知此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)。9. to stay【解析】allow sb.to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“允許某人做某事”。10. have become【解析】根據(jù)后面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)in recent years可知，此處應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式的完成時(shí)。11. to process【解析】require sb.to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“需要某人做某事”。12. to eat【解析】句意：25天中，她寸步不離她的孩子，甚至不去找東西吃！不定式to eat作定語(yǔ)，修飾前面的不定代詞something。13. to cool【解析】“be＋形容詞＋enough＋to do sth.”為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“足夠……，能夠做某事”。14. to stop【解析】refuse后接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，要用其不定式形式，即refuse to do sth.“拒絕做某事”。15. dying【解析】此處作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，且后有副詞early作狀語(yǔ)，故填動(dòng)詞die的動(dòng)名詞形式dying。16. looking【解析】avoid后接動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，故填looking。17. visiting【解析】remember doing sth.“記得做過(guò)某事”，為固定搭配。18. eating【解析】by在此處表示“通過(guò)”，是介詞，后面接動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)。19. riding【解析】keep后接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，keep doing sth.意為“繼續(xù)做某事”。20. to find【解析】句意：第二天早上，他租了一條船，出發(fā)去找這位著名的畫家。結(jié)合句意表示出發(fā)去做某事應(yīng)用短語(yǔ)set out to do sth.，后跟不定式做目的狀語(yǔ)。故填to find。21. making【解析】句意：吉普賽人拒絕建立永久的家園，并選擇不成為他們移居的國(guó)家的公民。resist doing sth. 意為“反對(duì)做某事”。故填making。22. being arranged【解析】句意：很多學(xué)生都反對(duì)假期期間被安排補(bǔ)課。根據(jù)句意可知，主語(yǔ)many students與arrange為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)be arranged。object to中的to為介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。故填being arranged。23. introducing【解析】句意：我的大使職責(zé)將包括把英國(guó)參觀者介紹給成都的120多只大熊貓及其他一些在碧峰峽霧山中一個(gè)研究中心里的熊貓們。include為及物動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)。故填introducing。24. destroying【解析】句意：如果人類以這種方式玩弄自然，我們可能即將毀滅我們的未來(lái)。短語(yǔ)on the way to doing sth.表示“即將做某事”。to為介詞后接動(dòng)名詞。故填destroying。25. persuading【解析】句意：你絕對(duì)想象不到我說(shuō)服他放棄實(shí)驗(yàn)有多大困難。本題是考查“做某事有困難”，其英語(yǔ)表達(dá)是have difficulty (in) doing sth，句中I had作the great difficulty的定語(yǔ)。根據(jù)所給詞和句意，故填persuading。26. selling/having sold【解析】句意：我們一直后悔把房子賣了，因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在的價(jià)格是去年的兩倍。regret doing后悔做過(guò)某事，該用法是固定用法，用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。表示沒(méi)有明確發(fā)生時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，用動(dòng)名詞的一般式；表示發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前的動(dòng)作，用動(dòng)名詞的完成式，根據(jù)句意，房子已經(jīng)賣掉，故一般式和完成式都可以，所以填selling/having sold。27. handing【解析】名詞approach后接介詞to，故用動(dòng)名詞形式作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)。句意：處理復(fù)雜問(wèn)題的傳統(tǒng)方法是把它們分解成簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題。故填handling。28. to be made【解析】根據(jù)句中時(shí)態(tài)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)可知，這里用不定式表示未發(fā)生的事情，邏輯主語(yǔ)discoveries 與make之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：科學(xué)家們說(shuō)，關(guān)于秦始皇墓將有更多的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故填to be made。29. to be solved【解析】根據(jù)句意可知“留下的問(wèn)題仍未解決”，故用不定式表示未發(fā)生的事情。problem與solve之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：經(jīng)理被解雇了，留下了許多仍很困難的問(wèn)題要解決。故填to be solved。30. holding【解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處作動(dòng)詞keep的賓語(yǔ)，構(gòu)成固定搭配，keep doing sth.意思是＂繼續(xù)做某事＂因此填動(dòng)詞-ing形式。 【答案】31.nor  32.himself  33.which/that  34.lay   35.was admitted36.of  37.saving   38.the   39.to awake  40.gently【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章記敘了一條名叫Fido的狗，經(jīng)過(guò)努力，贏得主人喜愛的故事。31．考查固定搭配。句意：但是，他很小心，既不惹麻煩，也不會(huì)進(jìn)入主人的房間，除非主人允許。該題考查neither…nor…固定搭配，意為“既不……也不……”。故填nor。32．考查反身代詞。句意：他努力使自己對(duì)主人來(lái)說(shuō)有用。該空作make的賓語(yǔ)，且指主語(yǔ)本身，故應(yīng)用反身代詞。故填himself。33．考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：他會(huì)趕走來(lái)到院子里的奇怪的豬和其他動(dòng)物。“came into the yard”是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾strange pigs and other animals，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，指物，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which/that引導(dǎo)該從句。故填which/that。34．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：有一次，他的主人生病了，F(xiàn)ido躺在房門前，甚至不出去覓食。該空作謂語(yǔ)，且根據(jù)前面的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)可知，該空敘述的是發(fā)生在過(guò)去的情況，應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。故填lay。35．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：Fido被允許進(jìn)入房間。該空在句中作謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)Fido和admit之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，且根據(jù)該句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，該句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。故填was admitted。36．考查介詞。句意：他的主人比以前更加喜歡他。該題考查be fond of(喜歡)這個(gè)固定搭配。故填of。37．考查動(dòng)名詞。句意：Fido甚至有機(jī)會(huì)挽救主人的生命。該空作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞。故填saving。38．考查冠詞。句意：突然，這條狗看見墻在晃動(dòng)。該處特指上文提到的Fido，表特指，用定冠詞the。故填the。39．考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他開始狂吠，想要喚醒主人。“________( awake) his master”是目的狀語(yǔ)，表目的，用動(dòng)詞不定式。故填to awake。40．考查副詞。句意：他跳起來(lái)，輕輕地咬他的手指。該空修飾bit，修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞，故填gently。          

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