在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫作名詞性從句。包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。


注:由于名詞性從句在句中不同的句法功能(即名詞性從句在復(fù)合句中,能充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、同位語等。)相應(yīng)地,名詞性從句可以分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。


目錄


\l "_Tc31297_WPSOffice_Level1" 主語從句2


\l "_Tc31297_WPSOffice_Level2" that引導(dǎo)的主語從句2


\l "_Tc24460_WPSOffice_Level2" whether/if引導(dǎo)的主語從句5


\l "_Tc20435_WPSOffice_Level2" 連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句6


\l "_Tc24460_WPSOffice_Level1" 賓語從句7


\l "_Tc7990_WPSOffice_Level2" that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句9


\l "_Tc3674_WPSOffice_Level2" whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句9


\l "_Tc12089_WPSOffice_Level2" 連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句10


\l "_Tc12070_WPSOffice_Level2" 賓語從句的注意事項11


\l "_Tc20435_WPSOffice_Level1" 表語從句13


\l "_Tc16239_WPSOffice_Level2" that, whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句14


\l "_Tc30544_WPSOffice_Level2" as if, as thugh, because引導(dǎo)的表語從句14


\l "_Tc2732_WPSOffice_Level2" 表語從句的注意事項15


\l "_Tc7990_WPSOffice_Level1" 同位語從句16


\l "_Tc16_WPSOffice_Level2" 常跟同位語從句的名詞或短語。16


引導(dǎo)詞








主語從句





主語從句可直接放在句首,也可用形式主語it代替,而將主語從句后置。





that引導(dǎo)的主語從句





1)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句置于句首(that此時在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分,無含義,只起連接作用,不能省略)


That the earth mves arund the sun is knwn t all.


注:從句作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。


2)在that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中,常用it作形式主語,that引導(dǎo)的真正的主語從句后置,常見的此類句型有:


①It+系動詞+形容詞+that從句。


常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有:





It is likely that he can’t cme t the meeting.It is bvius that yu have made a big mistake.


注:It is necessary/imprtant/surprising/strange/unthinkable/unbelievable/incredible that+主語(shuld)+動詞原形+其它。


例:It is necessary that a cllege student (shuld) master ne r tw freign languages.It is strange that yu (shuld) trust Jane.


②It+系動詞+名詞+that從句。


常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的名詞有:





It is a pity that yu didn’t attend the lecture yesterday.It is n wnder that yu’ve achieved s much success.


③It+ be+過去分詞+that從句。


常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的過去分詞有:





It is reprted that n passengers were injured in the accident.It is generally cnsidered that bys are better at science than girls.


注:It is suggested/advised/rdered/requested/insisted/demanded +that+主語(shuld)+動詞原形+其它。


例:It is suggested that yu(shuld) spend mre time in studying English.


④It+動詞(+賓語或狀語)+that從句。


常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞有:





It happened t me that I was away when he called.It ccurred t me that we shuld get in tuch with the manager.





whether/if引導(dǎo)的主語從句





whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句即可以放在句首,也可以放在句末,但if引導(dǎo)的主語從句只能放在句末,前面需用it作形式主語。whether, if只起連句中不作成分,且不可省略。


Whether yu can succeed r nt depends n hw hard yu wrk at it.(whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句放在句首)


It is unknwn whether/if he has agreed t my plan.(主語從句是whether/if he has agreed t my plan, it作形式主語)





連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句





1)連接代詞what, wh, whm, , whse, which , whatever, whever, whichever等在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語,不可以省略。


What he said just nw is true.Wh breaks the law will be punished.


注:①whever和whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句一般不用it作形式主語。②what 引導(dǎo)的主語從句一般按單數(shù)對待,但在實際使用中,其單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其成分的含義。


例: What the kid wanted was nly a new schl bag.(schlbag是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),謂語動詞用單數(shù))What they need are a car and sme water.(a car and sme water表示復(fù)數(shù)概念,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù))


2)連接副詞when, where, why, hw,whenever,hwever,wherever等在從句中作狀語。


Why they suddenly disappeared remains a mystery.(why在從句中作原因狀語)


When we’ll g fr a picnic isn’t knwn.(when在從句中作時間狀語)








賓語從句








句法功能





1)作動詞的賓語





①大多數(shù)位于及物動詞后。I hpe (that) yu can jin us in the game.I dubt whether/if he will cme t the wedding.


②有些動詞短語后。


常見的這類動詞短語有:





Please find ut when the ship sails fr New Yrk.


We shuld keep in mind that sprts can help us develp bth ur bdies and characters.


③可以運用it作形式賓語代替賓語從句


A.動詞find, feel, think, cnsider, make, believe, guess, suppse, assume等后有賓語補足語時,要用it作形式賓語,而把that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后置。


例:I think it necessary that we take plenty f ht water every day.I have made it rule that I keep diaries.


B.有些動詞(詞組)帶賓語從句時需要在從句前加it.如:hate, dislike, appreciate, see t, depend n等。除此之外,take it fr granted中的it是位于動詞短語而不是從句前。


例:I hate it when they talk with their muths full f fd.Sme students just take it granted that they will pass the exam.





2)作介詞的賓語





一般情況下介詞后常用wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)賓語從句。(有的介詞如in, except, but后可跟that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句)


We are talking abut whether we admit students int ur clubs.They lk similar except that ne is a little tall.





3)作系表結(jié)構(gòu)的賓語。





常用于此類結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有:sure, certain, glad, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied, srry等表示“情感”的形容詞。


We’re all pleased that we have nce again vercme the difficulty.I am extremely srry that I have trubled yu s much.





that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句





that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句表示陳述意義。that無實際意義,在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分。that可以省略。


I dn’t think (that) there will be time t d it.Many peple believe that rbts will d mst f ur wrk.





whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句





1)可用whether/if的情況


whether/if常放在ask, care, wnder, find ut等后引導(dǎo)賓語從句。whether/if在從句中不作成分,但是有“是否”含義,不可省略。


I asked them whether/if they wuld win the match.D yu care whether/if yu win?


2) 只用whether不用if的情況


①引導(dǎo)介詞后的賓語從句時。


It depends n whether it will snw tmrrw.


②與r nt連用時。


I asked yur secretary whether she culd cme r nt.


③與不定式連用時。


I really dn’t want knw whether t accept r refuse.有些動詞,如leave, put, discuss, dubt等后的賓語從句常用whether引導(dǎo)。


④We dubt whether he will keep his prmise.


⑤賓語從句前置,置于句首時。


Whether they can cme here n time, we dn’t knw.





連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句








1)連接代詞what, wh, whm, , whse, which , whatever, whever, whichever等在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語,不可以省略。


I dn’t knw whm yu shuld depend n.Culd yu tell me which gate we have t g t?


2) 連接副詞when, where, why, hw,whenever,hwever,wherever等在從句中作狀語。


He didn’t tell me when the traffic accident had taken place. Culd yu please tell me hw I can read the new wrld?


注:hw構(gòu)成的疑問短語也可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句,常見的有hw ld, hw many, hw much, hw far, hw sn, hw lng等。例: D yu knw hw ld yur English teacher is.





賓語從句的注意事項








1)賓語從句的時態(tài)


賓語從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)常常受到主句謂語動詞的影響,因而在使用時要注意主句和從句兩部分的時態(tài)。





2) 賓語從句的語序


陳述句作賓語從句時,仍然用陳述語序;疑問句作賓語從句時,原來的倒裝語序要改為陳述語序。


Tm advised that I shuld take mre water.I dn’t knw why he is leaving.


賓語從句的語序:引導(dǎo)詞+主語+謂語+其他


3) 賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移 主語是第一人稱I/we,主句的謂語動詞是表示“想,認(rèn)為”等意義的動詞,如:think,believe, imagine, suppse, expect, guess等,若后面的從句時否定意義時,從句的否定一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中,其反義疑問句的人稱和時一般要與賓語從句一致。


We dn’t think yu can play the guitar.I dn’t believe that’s his fault, is it?We find that he seldm ges t visit his teacher, des he? (否定詞否定,hardly, never, seldm, n, few, little等)


4) 不能省略that的情況


在that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中,連接詞that只起引導(dǎo)作用,無具體意義,不在從句中充當(dāng)任何成分,常??梢允÷?。但是,在下列情況中不可以省略。


①句中出現(xiàn)兩個或兩個以上的由that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時。此時,只有第一個從句中的that可以省去,其余并列的賓語從句中的that都要保留。He said (that) the film was excellent and that he wanted t see it nce again.


②that從句中又有其他從句時。I am afraid that if yu’ve lst it, yu must pay fr it.


③it作形式賓語代替that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句時,不能省略that。We tk it fr granted that they wuld help us.


④當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是this,that或者被this,that修飾時。He said that this bk was very useful.


⑤當(dāng)賓語從句時雙賓語中的直接賓語時。I want t tell yu that this prblem is very cmmn.


⑥賓語從句前有插入語時。We hpe, n the cntrary, that he will stay at hme with us.


⑦that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句謂語句首時。That ur team will win, I believe.


⑧賓語從句在except, but, except, in等介詞之后。He als likes playing the pian besides that he is gd at playing basketball.








表語從句





表語從句位于主句的連系動詞be, seem, lk, sund, taste, feel, remain, appear等之后,常用的連接詞與主語從句和賓語從句的連接詞相同,用法也一樣。此外,表語從句還可用as if, as thugh, because來引導(dǎo)。





that, whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句








that, whether只起連接作用,在從句中不作成分。that無實義,一般不可省略,whether意為“是否”,不能換成if.(一般不用if引導(dǎo)表語從句)


Our prblem is that I dn’t lk any different frm ther peple.Anther imprtant difference is whether schls are state schls r private schls.





as if, as thugh, because引導(dǎo)的表語從句








1)as if, as thugh 引導(dǎo)的表語從句可用陳述語氣,也可用虛擬語氣。


Yu lk as if yu’ve had a gd time. (陳述語氣)Yu lk as if he were frm the Mars. (虛擬語氣)


注:此類表語從句常跟在特定的動詞后面,如seem, appear, lk, taste, sund, feel等。


2)because引導(dǎo)的表語從句主語不能用reasn。


---Yu lk tired.---That may be because I didn’t have a gd sleep yesterday mrning.


注:如果主句主語是reasn,表語從句的連接詞用that,不能用我why或because。常見的句型為“The reasn(why) is that…”。


The reasn (why) he came late was that he gt up late.(that不能換成because)





表語從句的注意事項








1)wh-表語從句應(yīng)注意的問題


wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句作表語時,通常不含疑問意義,而是分別表示具體的地點、時間、原因和方式等。


This is why I think my happiest days will be in the future. (表示具體原因)Tmrrw is when it will be mst cnvenient. (表示具體時間)This is where I met Peter fr the first time. (表示具體地點)


2)表語從句用虛擬語氣的情況


如果主句的主語是advice, demand, rder, suggestin, requirement, request, cmmand等時,表語從句用虛擬語氣,結(jié)構(gòu)是“(shuld)+動詞原形”。








同位語從句





同位語從句是用以解釋說明某一名詞內(nèi)容和實質(zhì)的從句。常見的連接詞有:that, whether, why, wh, where, hw, when等。if一般不引導(dǎo)同位語從句。that, whether不作成分,whether表示“是否”,其它連接詞具有實義,同時在同位語從句中作一定成分。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的連接詞一般不可省略。





常跟同位語從句的名詞或短語。











The stry ges that the lst child has gne abrad.Jim kept his prmise that he wuld always d everything he culd fr Mary t make sure f her happiness.





同位語從句的注意點





1)同位語從句的語氣


在suggestin, advice, request, rder ,demand, requirement等意為“建議,命令,要求”的名詞后,同位語從句中的謂語動詞常用“shuld+動詞原形”的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu),其中shuld可以省略。


The suggestin came frm the chairman that the new rule (shuld) be adpted.The gvernment gave the rder that all these huses (shuld) be pulled dwn in three weeks.


2) 同位語從句與定語從句區(qū)別 ①從性質(zhì)上區(qū)別:


同位語從句相當(dāng)于一個名詞,對前面的抽象名詞進行解釋和說明;而定語從句相當(dāng)于一個形容詞,對先行詞進行修飾或限定。 The girls were surprised at the fact that cean ships can sailed up the Great lakes. (同位語從句)There are laws that d nt allw peple t burn t much cal. (定語從句) ②從引導(dǎo)詞上區(qū)別: 引導(dǎo)定語從句的that是關(guān)系代詞,它的作用是連接主句和從句,并代表先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)成分,且that作賓語時可以省略,指物時可用which代替。而引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that是連詞,只起連接主句和從句的作用,它不充當(dāng)任何成分,不能省略,也不可被which替代。 We expressed the hpe that Mr and Mrs Smith wuld cme t China the next year. (同位語從句)The news (that/which) we heard spread all ver the city.(定語從句) ③從所修飾詞上區(qū)別:


同位語從句修飾的名詞數(shù)量有限,往往是含有某種信息的詞,如message, news, fact, hpe等。而定語從句修飾的詞可以是名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或整個主句。 Sme peple have the idea that yu can crss Canada in less than five days. (同位語從句)The time when I first met Nelsn Mandela was a very difficult perid f my life. (定語從句)


④判斷定語從句和同位語從句的方法:


凡是同位語從句,改為The fact/news/idea/rder/truth is/was… 結(jié)構(gòu)時,從語法和語義上都講的通,而定語從句則不可。


The news that ur team wn the game excited us all.The news is that ur team wn the game. (√)


The news that the radi bradcast this mrning is nt true at all.The news was that the radi bradcast…。(×)


類別
功能
例詞
從屬連詞
指起連接作用,不充當(dāng)從句中的任何成分
that, whether, if
連接代詞
既起連接作用,本身又作從句的主語、賓語、表語或定語
wh, whm, whse, which, what, whever, whatever, whichever
連接副詞
既起連接作用,本身又作從句的狀語
when, where, hw, why,whenever,wherever,hwever
necessary
必要的
certain
明確的
right
正確的
clear
清晰的
(un)likely
(不)可能的
pssible
可能的
strange
奇怪的
bvius
明顯的
natural
自然的
imprtant
重要的
a pity
遺憾
a hnr
榮耀
a shame
令人遺憾的事
a wnder
奇跡
gd news
好消息
n wnder
難怪
a fact
事實
n surprise
不奇怪
said
據(jù)說
tld
有人告訴
heard
有人聽說
reprted
據(jù)報道
decided
作出決定
suggested
有人建議
advised
有人建議
rdered
根據(jù)命令
remembered
有人記得
thught
有人認(rèn)為
cnsidered
認(rèn)為
well-knwn
很著名
hped
有人希望
annunced
據(jù)宣布
seem
顯得
happen
碰巧
matter
重要
ccur
出現(xiàn)
turn ut
結(jié)果是
find ut
查出
turn ut
結(jié)果是
pint ut
指出
make sure
確信
figure ut
辨別出
keep/bear in mind
牢記
用法
例句
當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般過去,其賓語從句的時態(tài)一般要用相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)
The plicewman asked the little by where he lived.He said (that) he was ging t take care f the baby.
當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時或祈使句,其賓語從句的時態(tài)可以任何適當(dāng)?shù)臅r態(tài)
D yu knw hw Amy came t schl this mrning?Please tell me whm yu went t the garden with this mrning.
當(dāng)賓語從句表達客觀事實或規(guī)律時,其時態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時
Everyne knew that there are sixty minutes in an hur.The teacher said that the earth ges arund the sun.
belief
信念
with the exceptin
…除外
explanatin
解釋
dubt
懷疑
idea
主意
hpe
希望
pinin
觀點
news
消息
thught
想法
pssibility
可能性
truth
事實
wish
愿望
questin
問題
fact
事實
prblem
問題
prmise
諾言
reprt
報道
Reply
答復(fù)
advice
建議
suggestin
建議
wrd
消息
warning
警告

相關(guān)學(xué)案

高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法專題4第3講名詞性從句學(xué)案:

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