專題強化練(五)　閱讀理解之主旨大意題(Ⅰ)A(2020·山東夏季高考模擬)Heads up！Across the country，sports injuries are a safety concern for young athletes.Now，the American Medical Association(AMA) has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions—serious injuries caused by a blow to the head.“By raising awareness of the serious risks associated with concussions and ensuring that appropriate guidelines are in place，we can reduce the number of young athletes who may return to the game too soon，which can put their health at further risk，”said AMA Board Member Jack Resneck Jr.，M.D.，in a statement.    The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion be taken off the field as soon as possible.Then，they are only to return to their sport with a doctor's written approval.The policy also sets age-specific rules for health care professionals and athletic organizations in evaluating and caring for concussions.    According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)，a concussion is a type of traumatic (創(chuàng)傷的) brain injury caused by a bump，blow，or jolt to the head or hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth.This type of movement can cause the brain to bounce or twist inside the skull (顱骨)．It can damage brain cells and create chemical changes in the brain.The CDC says that between 1.6 million and 3.8 million traumatic brain injuries caused by sports and recreation-related activities occur in the U．S.every year.A study from the Center for Injury Research and Policy showed that as many as 40% of high school athletes return to playing before they should.The AMA's new guidelines should help to bring those numbers down.1．Why does the AMA set the new guidelines?A．To raise safety standards of sports.B．To protect athletes from concussions.C．To set rules for health care evaluation.D．To help players return to the game quickly.2．What should young athletes who may have a concussion do?A．Avoid using the head.B．Leave the field forever.C．Get medical treatment in time.D．Switch to another sport.3．What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?A．What a concussion is.B．What causes damage to brain cells.C．How the CDC works.D．How a concussion can be prevented.4．Which of the following is the best title for the text?A．Rules for Safer PlayB．Sports Injuries in the USC．Advice to AthletesD．New Policies for Doctors【語篇解讀】　本文為新聞報道。文章介紹了為保護運動員免受腦震蕩的威脅，美國醫(yī)學協(xié)會制定了一套新的指導方針。1．解析：事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Now，the American Medical Association (AMA) has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions”可知答案為B項。答案：B2．解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句話可知，年輕運動員在頭部受傷后應立即離開運動場地。后面講到只有經(jīng)過醫(yī)生的書面批準才能回歸，故選C項。答案：C3．解析：段落大意題。第四段第一句話說明了什么是“concussions”；第二句話和第三句話指出了其造成的危害。故選A項。答案：A4．解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，現(xiàn)在美國醫(yī)學協(xié)會制定了一套新的指導方針，旨在保護運動員免受腦震蕩的威脅。故選A項。答案：AB(2020·廣州高三模擬)Chinese-language teacher Xie Fang is excited that one of her former students from Indonesia has been admitted to Beijing Language and Culture University.The 19-year -old student，Alvin Rizqi Adrian，achieved his dream of studying in China with a scholarship provided by the Chinese government.       Xie met the boy five years ago when she was selected to teach Chinese at Budi Utama Three Languages National School in Yogyakarta，Indonesia.The school，founded in 2006 by local Chinese，teaches in three languages—Indonesian，English and Chinese.The school has more than 970 primary，middle and high students，half of whom have Chinese ancestry.Xie taught students to speak and comprehend Chinese during her year at the school.“Most Indonesian children start to learn Chinese after they enter primary school，”Xie said.“But the textbooks from Singapore seemed relatively difficult for them at that stage.” Xie modified the content of the textbooks to make it easier and more interesting for the Indonesian children to learn Chinese. One student in particular，Alvin Rizqi Adrian，impressed Xie a great deal.“At that time，he was a middle school student.He was so interested in Chinese that he worked very hard to learn and practice，” she said.Since 2004，Guangdong has sent 1，000 Chinese teachers to more than 30 Chinese schools in 10 countries and regions.Indonesia has the largest number of Chinese teachers sent from Guangdong，who mainly work in kindergartens，schools and universities founded by overseas Chinese.They usually spend one to two years on the foreign assignment.“Those days in Indonesia made me feel very appreciated.The local people have respect for Chinese teachers，”Xie said.She keeps in touch with her Indonesian students through the Internet.“If I had the opportunity to go to Indonesia to teach again，I would be very happy to see the children improve their Chinese，”Xie said.5．What made the Chinese-language teacher Xie Fang happy?A．She realized her dream to teach in Indonesia.B．One of her former students will graduate soon.C．She can serve overseas Chinese in 3 languages.D．Alvin Rizqi Adrian has been admitted to study in China.6．What does the underlined word “modified” in Paragraph 3 refer to?A．Beautified.   B．Improved.C．Invented.   D．Studied.7．We can infer that Adrian is special because he is________．A．practical   B．sensitiveC．diligent    D．reliable8．Which of the following can be the best title of the news report?A．Chinese Teacher Helps Indonesian Realize His DreamB．Adrian，an Indonesian，Has Achieved His Big DreamC．Chinese-language Teachers，Academic AchievementsD．Local Indonesians Show Respect for Chinese Teachers【語篇解讀】　這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要說明了一位中文老師謝芳教授印尼孩子學習中文，并幫助一名印尼學生實現(xiàn)了他在中國學習的夢想的事情。5．解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Chinese-language teacher Xie Fang is excited that one of her former students from Indonesia has been admitted to Beijing Language and Culture University.”可知中文老師謝芳很高興她的一名印尼學生被北京語言大學錄取了。由文章可知，Alvin Rizqi Adrian已獲準在中國學習，讓語文老師謝芳高興。故選D。答案：D6．解析：詞義猜測題。根據(jù)后文“the content of the textbooks to make it easier and more interesting for the Indonesian children to learn Chinese.”可知，使印尼孩子學習漢語更容易，更有趣。所以應是謝芳改進了教科書。根據(jù)上下文語境可知畫線單詞意思為“改進”。故選B。答案：B7．解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“At that time，he was a middle school student.He was so interested in Chinese that he worked very hard to learn and practice...”(那時，他還是一名中學生。他對中文非常感興趣，所以他非常努力地學習和練習)由此可推知，Adrian很特別，因為他很勤奮。故選C。答案：C8．解析：主旨大意題。本文主要說明了一位中文老師謝芳教授印尼孩子學習中文，并幫助一名印尼學生實現(xiàn)了他在中國學習夢想的事情。故A選項“中文老師幫助印尼人實現(xiàn)夢想”符合文章標題，故選A。答案：AC(2020·深圳高三統(tǒng)一測試)Rivers are the veins of the Earth，transporting the water and nutrients (營養(yǎng)物) needed to support the planet's ecosystems，including human life.While many nutrients are essential to the survival of life，there is one element transported by water in rivers that holds the key to life and to the future of our planet—carbon.   Carbon is everywhere and understanding the way it moves and is either released or stored by the Earth system is a complex science in itself.Carbon starts its journey downstream when natural acid rain，which contains carbon dioxide from the atmosphere，melts minerals in rocks.This helps transform carbon dioxide to bicarbonate (碳酸氫鹽) in the water that then flows in our rivers.This is a very long process，which is one of the main ways carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere.Carbon is transported by rivers to oceans and once that carbon reaches the ocean，it is stored naturally in deep sea sediments (沉淀物) for millions of years.As carbon travels down a river，different processes may impact whether it continues to flow downstream or whether it is released into the atmosphere.For example，human engineering，like extensive dam construction，will result in dramatic changes to how water and sediments travel down the river.Some carbon that fails to reach the sea may return to the atmosphere in some way，which causes more warming.Earth's climate is closely related to the carbon cycle.We all know about the essential role of plants in consuming carbon dioxide，but do we know enough about rivers? Changing the chemistry and the course of rivers may have significant impacts on how they transport carbon.Remember：wherever we live，we all live downstream.9．Where is the carbon in rivers originally from?A．The atmosphere.    B．The rocks.C．The acid rain.   D．The upstream areas.10．Why is human engineering mentioned in Paragraph 3?A．To show how important to life carbon is.B．To explain how necessary it is to build dams.C．To show how a natural process is interrupted.D．To explain how humans fight global warming.11．What does the author want to convey in the last paragraph?A．We'd better move upstream to live.B．We should protect plants along rivers.C．We'd better seek more help from plants.D．We should be cautious about river management.12．What is the best title for the text?A．What Humans Do with RiversB．How Rivers' Transporting Carbon CountsC．What the Carbon Cycle Means to UsD．How Living Downstream Affects the Earth【語篇解讀】　本文指出，河流運輸?shù)奶紝φ麄€生態(tài)系統(tǒng)至關(guān)重要。人類不應該擅自改變水流的方向，因為這種行為會對整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。9．解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Carbon starts its journey downstream when natural acid rain，which contains carbon dioxide from the atmosphere，melts minerals in rocks.”可知，河里的碳最開始來自大氣中。故選A。答案：A10．解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的第一句“As carbon travels down a river，different processes may impact whether it continues to flow downstream or whether it is released into the atmosphere.”可知，第三段提到人類工程學是為了表明自然的過程是怎樣被打斷的。故選C。答案：C11．解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Changing the chemistry and the course of rivers may have significant impacts on how they transport carbon.”可知，作者在最后一段想要表達的是：我們應該對河流管理持一種謹慎的態(tài)度。故選D。答案：D12．解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容尤其是第一段第二句“While many nutrients are essential to the survival of life，there is one element transported by water in rivers that holds the key to life and to the future of our planet—carbon.”可知，文章主要介紹的是由河流運輸?shù)奶嫉闹匾浴?/span>How Rivers' Transporting Carbon Counts概括了文章的主要內(nèi)容，故B為答案。答案：B 

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