專題強(qiáng)化練(十三)　完形填空之說明文、議論文ANumber sense is not the ability to count.It is the ability to recognize a__1__in number. Human beings are born with this ability.__2__，experiments show that many animals are，too.For example，many birds have good number sense.If a nest has four eggs and you remove one，the bird will not__3__．However，if you remove two，the bird__4__leaves.This means that the bird knows the__5__between two and three.Another interesting experiment  showed  a  bird's__6__ number sense.A man was trying to take a photo of a crow(烏鴉)that had a nest in a tower，but the crow always left when she saw him coming.The bird did not__7__until the man left the tower. The man had an__8__．He took another man with him to the tower.One man left and the other stayed，but they did not__9__the bird.The crow stayed away until the second man left，too.The experiment was __10__with three men and then with four men.But the crow did not return to the nest until all the men were__11__．It was not until five men went into the tower and only four left that they were__12__able to fool the crow.How good is a human's number sense? It's not very good.For example，babies about fourteen months old almost always notice if something is taken away from a__13__group.But when the number goes beyond three or four，the children are__14__fooled.It seems that number sense is something we have in common with many animals in this world，and that our human__15__is not much better than a crow's.1．A.rise　　　　　 B．patternC．change   D．trend2．A.Importantly   B．SurprisinglyC．Disappointedly   D．Fortunately3．A.survive   B．careC．hatch    D．notice4．A.generally    B．sincerelyC．casually    D．deliberately5．A.distance   B．rangeC．difference    D．interval6．A.amazing    B．annoyingC．satisfying   D．disturbing7．A.relax    B．recoverC．react     D．return8．A.appointment   B．excuseC．idea    D．explanation9．A.fool   B．hurtC．catch   D．kill10．A.reported    B．repeatedC．designed    D．approved11．A.confused   B．goneC．tired   D．drunk12．A.gradually   B．luckilyC．strangely   D．finally13．A.single   B．smallC．local   D．new14．A.seldom    B．temporarilyC．merely    D．often15．A.sight    B．natureC．ability    D．belief【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是說明文。講述什么是數(shù)字感之后重點(diǎn)介紹有關(guān)動(dòng)物也具有數(shù)字感的實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明許多動(dòng)物和人一樣具有數(shù)字感，且人的這種感知數(shù)字變化的能力并不比烏鴉的這種能力強(qiáng)多少。1．解析：由下文的兩個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)來看，都是數(shù)字的“變化”。故選C項(xiàng)。答案：C2．解析：由句意“實(shí)驗(yàn)表明許多動(dòng)物也跟人類一樣具有這種能力”，可知這是“令人驚訝的”，故選B。答案：B3．解析：結(jié)合下句，特別是However可知，上下句的大意應(yīng)是“如果鳥巢內(nèi)有四個(gè)蛋，你移走一個(gè)蛋，這只鳥會(huì)沒有注意到；然而，如果你移走兩個(gè)蛋，這只鳥就會(huì)離開這里了”。故選D。答案：D4．解析：這只鳥“通常”會(huì)離開，因?yàn)檫@個(gè)具體的例子是用來說明“many birds have good number sense”這個(gè)主題的。故選A。答案：A5．解析：這個(gè)例子談到，四個(gè)中移走一個(gè)余下三個(gè)，這只鳥不會(huì)注意到；若移走兩個(gè)，余下兩個(gè)，這只鳥就會(huì)離開這里了。這說明這只鳥知道余下兩個(gè)與余下三個(gè)的“差別”。故選C。答案：C6．解析：與上文中good number sense(良好的數(shù)字感)中的good相對(duì)應(yīng)．也與第2題的答案surprisingly相對(duì)，故選“amazing(令人驚異的)”，近義復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案：A7．解析：與left相對(duì)，“離開”“返回”這兩者也叫同現(xiàn)；與下文中“return to the nest”的return是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。答案：D8．解析：從下文看，這個(gè)人有了一個(gè)“主意”或想了一個(gè)“辦法”。故選C。答案：C9．解析：由but可知，他們并沒能夠“欺騙”那只烏鴉。與下文“fool the crow”中的fool是原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)，故選A。答案：A10．解析：該實(shí)驗(yàn)先由一個(gè)人去接近那只烏鴉，然后又帶一個(gè)人即共兩個(gè)人去做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)，接著三個(gè)人、四個(gè)人去“重復(fù)”做這個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。故選B。答案：B11．解析：那只烏鴉直到所有人都“不在了，消失了”才會(huì)回來。答案：B12．解析：前面已分別由一個(gè)人、二個(gè)人、三個(gè)人、四個(gè)人重復(fù)做了四次了，直到五個(gè)人進(jìn)了塔走了四個(gè)，即還有一個(gè)在塔里，他們才“最終”欺騙了這只烏鴉。結(jié)合文章倒數(shù)第二段講14個(gè)月大的嬰兒在數(shù)量超過三四個(gè)之后就常常被欺騙，就可理解。答案：D13．解析：由下文“But when the number goes beyond three or four”可知，是指三四個(gè)以內(nèi)的這樣一“小”組東西。答案：B14．解析：由But可知，后文是表示與always notice相對(duì)的意思，當(dāng)數(shù)量超過三四個(gè)以后，就“常常”能欺騙這些嬰兒了。故選D。答案：D15．解析：由文章的首段或首句可知，本文在講到人與動(dòng)物具有數(shù)字感，即有辨別數(shù)字變化的“能力”。故選C。答案：CB(2020·山東臨沂高三檢測(cè))Most dogs have an easy life in the US.They eat，play，get attention from their__16__and sleep.But some dogs work hard.They are called guide dogs.Guide dogs help__17__people move from place to place safely.Guide dogs and their owners are a team.Guide dogs don't lead the owners，and their owners don't__18__control the guide dogs.They work together.The guide dogs don't know where the owners want to go，so they__19__the owners' instructions.The owners can't see the obstacles(障礙物) along the way，so the dogs make decisions for the__20__of the owners.Guide dogs stop at all crossroads before __21__ a street.They don't see color，so they don't know if the light is red or green.The owners decided if it is time to cross the street by listening to the sound of__22__．The dogs help the owners get on a bus or train.They learn to__23__many tasks.     Most guide dogs are very intelligent and friendly.A guide dog needs to work__24__distraction (分心) in noisy places，bad weather，crowds of people，and__25__situations.When you see a guide dog，it is important that you__26__that the dog needs to focus on its job.Don't pat or talk to the dog.Guiding is very difficult，and it requires a dog's full__27__．Guide dog training lasts about five months.Only about 72 percent of dogs that enter the training program “graduate”．Those that graduate bring their owners valuable__28__and love.In other dog training programs，trainers use food as a reward.In guide dog training，the trainers don't use food.They use physical affection(愛撫)．This is__29__a guide dog sometimes takes the owner to a restaurant.It must lie__30__at the owner's feet without wanting to eat.16．A.owners   B．receiversC．agents   D．companions17．A.annoyed   B．blindC．numb    D．deaf           18．A.obviously   B．exactly C．completely   D．immediately19．A.follow    B．reflectC．desire   D．contradict20．A.preference   B．conduct C．comfort   D．safety21．A.crossing    B．observing C．diving   D．leaving22．A.music    B．dogs C．traffic   D．steps23．A.leave alone   B．dry outC．set aside   D．carry out24．A.beyond    B．againstC．over     D．without25．A.pleasant   B．simple C．difficult   D．awful26．A.recognize   B．declare C．recommend    D．distribute27．A.attention   B．dignityC．enterprise   D．concept28．A.bonus    B．certificateC．relationship   D．help 29．A.when     B．because  C．why     D．how30．A.quickly    B．carefullyC．patiently   D．gently【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說明文，介紹了導(dǎo)盲犬的相關(guān)知識(shí)與注意事項(xiàng)。16．解析：考查名詞。句意：他們吃、玩耍、從主人那里得到關(guān)注、睡覺。owner“主人，所有者”；receiver“接收者”；agent“代理人，經(jīng)紀(jì)人”；companion“同伴，伙伴”。答案：A17．解析：考查形容詞。導(dǎo)盲犬應(yīng)該是幫助盲人的。annoyed“惱怒的”；blind“失明的”；numb“麻木的，失去知覺的”；deaf“聾的”。 答案：B18．解析：考查副詞。根據(jù)后文可知，導(dǎo)盲犬不能帶領(lǐng)主人，主人也不能完全控制導(dǎo)盲犬，他們一起工作，是一個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)。obviously“顯然地，明顯地”；exactly“確切地”；completely“完全地，徹底地”；immediately“立刻，馬上”。答案：C19．解析：考查動(dòng)詞。導(dǎo)盲犬不知道主人要去哪里，所以它們要聽從主人的指示。follow the instructions“聽從指示”。reflect“反映，反射”；desire“渴望，想要”；contradict“反駁”。答案：A20．解析：考查名詞。主人看不到路上的障礙物，為了主人的安全，導(dǎo)盲犬做出相應(yīng)的決定。preference“偏愛”；conduct“行為”；comfort“安慰”；safety“安全”。答案：D21．解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在穿過馬路之前，導(dǎo)盲犬在十字路口停下來。cross“穿過”；observe“觀察”；dive“潛水”；leave“離開”。    答案：A22．解析：考查名詞。導(dǎo)盲犬不能分辨顏色，所以它們不知道交通信號(hào)燈是紅色的還是綠色的。主人通過聽車輛的聲音來辨別是否可以過馬路。music“音樂”；dog“狗”；traffic“交通，車輛”；step“步伐，腳步聲”。答案：C23．解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。它們學(xué)會(huì)執(zhí)行許多任務(wù)。leave alone“不管”；dry out“(使)變干”；set aside“放在一邊，省出”；carry out“執(zhí)行”。答案：D24．解析：考查介詞。導(dǎo)盲犬需要即使在一些吵鬧的地方、壞天氣下、人群中和困難的情況下工作，也不能分心。beyond“超出，超過”；against“反對(duì)”；over“超過，在上面”；without“沒有”。答案：D25．解析：考查形容詞。解析見上一題。pleasant“令人愉快的”；simple“簡(jiǎn)單的”；difficult“困難的”；awful“極討厭的”。    答案：C26．解析：考查動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)后句“Don't pat or talk to the dog”可知，導(dǎo)盲犬工作時(shí)，你要意識(shí)到它需要專注于它的工作。recognize“認(rèn)出，識(shí)別”；declare“宣布”；recommend“推薦”；distribute“分發(fā)，分銷”。答案：A27．解析：考查名詞。給人領(lǐng)路是很困難的，并且它需要狗的全部注意力。attention“注意，關(guān)注”；dignity“尊嚴(yán)，高貴”；enterprise“事業(yè)”；concept“概念”。答案：A28．解析：考查名詞。那些訓(xùn)練畢業(yè)的導(dǎo)盲犬帶給它們的主人珍貴的幫助和愛。bonus“紅利，獎(jiǎng)金”；certificate“證書”；relationship“關(guān)系”；help“幫助”。答案：D29．解析：考查連接詞。這是因?yàn)閷?dǎo)盲犬有時(shí)帶主人去餐廳。when“當(dāng)……時(shí)候”；because“因?yàn)?/span>”；why“為什么”；how“如何，怎么樣”。答案：B30．解析：考查副詞。它必須耐心地躺在主人腳邊，而不吃東西。quickly“迅速地”；carefully“仔細(xì)地”；patiently“耐心地”；gently“溫柔地”。答案：CCIn the past，people used to make clothes and do repairs on things in the house more than nowadays.I think the difference between then and now has been__31__by a number of reasons such as the quantity of other__32__，the differences in jobs and in lifestyles，etc.In the past，after people finished their workdays，it was still__33__and they didn't have too many other activities to do，__34__they spent their free time doing some repairs and many women used to make clothes (Most of them didn't even have a job)．Nowadays，__35__，a large number of women work and both men and women have to deal with the pressures of work and they usually work__36__hours，so they have little time to do repairs or make clothes themselves.Another reason that has led to this__37__is that people have less and less time for a__38__that requires a lot of time.And when their hobby needs some knowledge，they have little time to learn it.Because everything that they want to__39__is more technical and complicated than before，doing repairs takes up too much__40__and people nearly always have to turn to a qualified technician.Besides，traditions are being lost because people learn traditions from their__41__when they are young，but nowadays，young people have too many hobbies like sports，video games，computers，cinemas，amusement parks，chat rooms and__42__spend any of their free time__43__their parents.__44__，globalization and the great technical advances in the home are also contributing factors，so this situation is__45__around the world.31．A.planned    B．allowedC．caused   D．noted32．A.habits   B．thoughtsC．activities   D．judgments33．A.special   B．hot C．normal    D．early34．A.but    B．soC．if     D．because35．A.however   B．thereforeC．otherwise   D．besides36．A.flexible   B．long C．difficult    D．happy37．A.mistake    B．relationshipC．idea     D．situation38．A.job     B．dream C．hobby    D．meeting39．A.fix   B．buy C．copy    D．check40．A.luck    B．power C．courage    D．time41．A.teachers   B．friendsC．neighbors     D．parents42．A.hardly    B．usuallyC．actually    D．completely43．A.looking after    B．learning from C．cheering for   D．knowing about44．A.After all    B．At least C．For example    D．At last45．A.happening   B．passingC．disappearing    D．serving【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是議論文。文章主要探討了現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的人們不再像以前的人們那樣經(jīng)常在家做衣服和修理物品的原因。31．解析：在下文中，作者列舉了導(dǎo)致(cause)現(xiàn)代人不像過去的人們那樣自己做衣服和修理物品的幾個(gè)原因。答案：C32．解析：由第二段中的“they didn't have too may other activities to do”可知，此處介紹的影響因素是活動(dòng)(activities)的數(shù)量。答案：C33．解析：由下文中的“they spent their free time doing some repairs and many women...”可知，過去，人們下班之后天色還早(early)，因?yàn)闆]有其他事情可做，所以(so)他們?cè)诳臻e時(shí)間修理物品和做衣服。答案：D34．解析：解析參見上題。答案：B35．解析：上文中的“Most of them didn't even have a job”和下文中的“a large number of women work”構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用however。答案：A36．解析：由下文中的“so they have little time to do repairs or make clothes themselves”可知，他們需要工作很長(zhǎng)(long)時(shí)間。答案：B37．解析：本空指現(xiàn)代的人們不再像以前的人們那樣經(jīng)常自己做衣服和修理物品的這種情況(situation)。答案：D38．解析：由下文中的“their hobby”可知此題選C。答案：C39．解析：由下文中的“doing repairs takes up too much...”可知，此處表示：你想修理(fix)的東西變得更專業(yè)、更復(fù)雜。答案：A40．解析：由上文中的“requires a lot of time”可知，做修理工作會(huì)花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間(time)。答案：D41．解析：由下文中的“their parents”可知此題選D。答案：D42．解析：由上文中的“have too many hobbies”可知，他們幾乎沒有(hardly)花時(shí)間向他們的父母學(xué)習(xí)傳統(tǒng)技藝。答案：A43．解析：由上文中的“people learn traditions”可知，此處指向父母學(xué)習(xí)(learning from)傳統(tǒng)技藝。答案：B44．解析：由上文中的“Besides”及下文中的“are also contributing factors”可知，此處指“最后”，故選D。答案：D45．解析：由上文中的“globalization and the great technical advances”可知，這種情況在全世界范圍都有發(fā)生(happening)。答案：A 

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2021高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)專題強(qiáng)化練十一完形填空之記敘文Ⅱ

2021高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)專題強(qiáng)化練十一完形填空之記敘文Ⅱ
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