專題強(qiáng)化練(七)　閱讀理解之詞義猜測(cè)題A(2020·廣東化州第一次模擬)Nature is like a great magician，performing wonders on Earth.One of them is the Amazon rainforest，the world's largest and home to millions of plants and animals.Nicknamed “the lungs of our planet”，it generates about one-fifth of Earth's oxygen.However，this wonderful natural wonder is currently in danger.   Thousands of fires have broken out in Brazil，endangering much of the rainforest.These blazes have lasted several weeks and are believed to be the “most intense” in almost a decade，according to BBC News.The Amazon has seen a large number of fires in 2019.Between January and August，there were over 74，000 fires，the highest number since 2013，the BBC reported. Forest fires are common during the dry season，which runs from July to October.They are usually caused by natural events，such as lightning strikes.However，most of the fires this year are believed to be caused by farmers，who use fire as a traditional part of tropical agriculture to clean land，reported CNN.     The disaster has raised concern around the world.The Amazon rainforest is important for preventing climate change，said the BBC，absorbing millions of tons of carbon annually.When trees are cut down or burned，the rainforest's capacity  (能力) to absorb carbon is reduced.     Brazilian climate expert Carlos Nobre told Reuters he's worried.If more than 20 percent of the ecosystem is destroyed，the Amazon rainforest could reach a tipping point (臨界點(diǎn)) where the thick jungle will turn into a tropical savannah (大草原).  Nobre warned that it is not far off，with between 15 and 17 percent of the rainforest having already been destroyed.     The Brazilian government has sent soldiers to fight the fires.Many people have offered their support and called for recovery efforts.For example，Tim Cook，CEO of Apple，said he wanted to donate money and US Actor Leonardo DiCaprio's environmental charity，Earth Alliance，created a donation fund to help deal with the crisis.The public are also encouraged to donate to charities concerned with rainforest preservation  (保護(hù))．“Every little bit helps in a tragic situation like this，” commented Gizmodo.1．The underlined word “intense” in Para.2 probably means________．A．natural　　　　　　 B．fierceC．common   D．unexpected2．What is the main cause of forest fires in the Amazon rainforest this year?A．Lightning strikes.   B．Hot weather.C．Agricultural activities. D．Garbage left by tourists.3．What was Nobre worried about in the article?A．Global temperatures will rise.B．The Amazon rainforest is close to disappearing.C．Animals in the Amazon rainforest are under threat.D．It will take decades for the Amazon rainforest to recover.4．What are the last two paragraphs mainly about?A．What the Brazilian government has done to fight fires.B．Celebrities who care about rainforest preservation.C．The possible future of the Amazon rainforest.D．Efforts made to save the Amazon rainforest.【語篇解讀】　這是一篇說明文。世界上最大的雨林——亞馬遜雨林，也是數(shù)百萬動(dòng)植物的家園，它被稱為“地球的肺”，然而，這個(gè)奇妙的自然奇觀目前正處于危險(xiǎn)之中?；馂?zāi)危及大片雨林。1．解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)上文“These blazes have lasted several weeks”可知，這些大火持續(xù)了幾周，時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)，在這十年內(nèi)，應(yīng)該是“最兇猛的”。故選B。答案：B2．解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“However，most of the fires this year are believed to be caused by farmers，who use fire as a traditional part of tropical agriculture to clean land”可知，今年大部分火災(zāi)被認(rèn)為是由農(nóng)民引起的，他們把火作為熱帶農(nóng)業(yè)的傳統(tǒng)來清潔土地。故選C。答案：C3．解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段“Brazilian climate expert Carlos Nobre told Reuters he's worried.If more than 20 percent of the ecosystem is destroyed，the Amazon rainforest could reach a “tipping point(臨界點(diǎn))”where the thick jungle will turn into a tropical savannah(大草原)”可知，卡洛斯·諾布雷擔(dān)心如果超過20%的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)被破壞，亞馬遜雨林可能會(huì)達(dá)到一個(gè)“臨界點(diǎn)”，茂密的叢林將變成熱帶大草原。所以他是擔(dān)心雨林會(huì)滅絕，故選B。答案：B4．解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后兩段中描述government，many people，the public所做的貢獻(xiàn)，可知，這都是為了保護(hù)雨林做的努力。故選D。答案：DB(2020·山東煙臺(tái)高三階段性測(cè)試)Every year，the brightest young scientists from around the globe come together to participate in the world's largest pre-college science competition，the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair (ISEF). They demonstrate their knowledge of science and engineering to improve the way we work and live.One of 2019's winners，Katie Lu，found a method for removing oil from water.This concept can also be applied to the removal of microplastics from our oceans as well.    Here is what Katie told reporters：My experience at Intel ISEF was amazing！I remember on judging day，walking the exhibit hall and looking at the people gathered outside waiting to get in.My teacher turned to me and said，“That's the future right there.” It was so amazing to spend time with all of these participants who are going to do amazing things in the future.     My scientific career has taught me not to fear failure and not to be afraid to ask for help.It's really easy to be overwhelmed(挫敗) and wonder if what you're doing is going to work out，but even if it doesn't，it's OK！Always look on the positive side！A failure now doesn't mean you're a failure forever. Failure makes success feel earned when it comes.Also，asking for help is good when you're struggling.You learn how to do things a lot faster and more efficiently.I'm shocked that some people are still skeptical about climate change.It is real，it is dangerous and it is one of the most important issues of our generation. Reducing carbon emissions isn't a “should”；it is a “must” to continue living on the planet.Additionally，people aren't really worried about their personal impact on the earth in terms of littering，overusing plastic or wasting resources.If we don't curb harmful human activity before it's too late，it will be a problem that affects all humans，not just those that contribute.5．What seems to concern Katie most?A．Ocean exploration.B．The overpopulation on the earth.  C．Environmental problems.D．The shortage of natural energy.6．What can we learn from what Katie's teacher said?A．No Intel ISEF，no future.B．All the talents are at the Intel ISEF. C．The participants will make the future amazing.D．Katie should try to do better than the other participants.7．What does Paragraph 5 mainly tell us?A．The setbacks Katie experienced in her science.  B．The relationship between failure and success.   C．Seeking help is a short cut to doing things well. D．What Katie has gained from her scientific career.8．What does the underlined word “curb” in the last paragraph most probably mean?A．Punish.   B．Control.C．Deny.    D．Measure. 【語篇解讀】　Katie是2019年英特爾國際科學(xué)與工程大獎(jiǎng)賽(Intel ISEF)的獲勝者之一。Katie發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種從水中去除油的方法，而這一概念也可用于從海洋中去除微塑料。同時(shí)，Katie呼吁人們要注意自己的行為對(duì)環(huán)境的影響。5．解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的內(nèi)容及最后一段中的“I'm shocked that some people are still skeptical about climate change.It is real，it is dangerous and it is one of the most important issues of our generation.”可知，Katie最關(guān)心的是環(huán)境問題。故選C。答案：C6．解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“My teacher turned to me and said.‘That's the future right there.’It was so amazing to spend time with all of these participants who are going to do amazing things in the future.”可知，Katie認(rèn)為花時(shí)間和所有這些參賽者在一起很棒，因?yàn)樗麄儗頃?huì)做一些令人驚奇的事情。即參賽者將使未來充滿驚喜。故選C。答案：C7．解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第五段中的“My scientific career has taught me not to fear failure and not to be afraid to ask for help.”可知，本段主要介紹的是Katie從其科學(xué)生涯中學(xué)到的東西。故選D。答案：D8．解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“it will be a problem that affects all humans...”可知，此處表達(dá)的是在還不是太晚之前控制人類的有害活動(dòng)。由此可知curb是“控制”的意思。故選B。答案：BC(2020·陜西高三年級(jí)第二次聯(lián)考)Have you ever caught yourself saying “I hate small talk！”the minute you walk into a party? If so，you might be an introvert(內(nèi)向的人)．Introverts hate to chat about “small” subjects with people.They are fine when you talk one-on-one but seem to get lost in the crowd when there's a group around.If you're talking to an introvert，you might find that your first few conversations go one of two ways.Either they'll seem to get bored and not say much or they'll seem to skate over small talk in favor of more in-depth topics.What you need to know is that the introvert are not being rude.It's just that they don't like small talk.Here's why. Small talk serves as a gateway toward deeper conver-sations. Some introverts don't realize that small talk will actually help them get to the bigger topics.You don't need to stay on small talk forever.However，sometimes introverts feel that even the short amount of time it takes to get into the real conversation is a waste of time.Small talk is very fast.Someone says something and this should be followed up with a quick response.But introverts like to chew on their words before saying them aloud.Before they answer，they'll mull over different thoughts. Small talk by its very nature invites more people to join in.The more people who join the conversation，the more the introvert will tend to step back.As a result，they'll be quiet. Small talk is about throwing out subjects in the hope that one or more of them can be turned into a common point of interest.The listening involved with small talk is not in-depth.The purpose is about listening “l(fā)ightly” so you can figure out the right topics to spend some time on.Introverts tend to be great listeners，but they use active listening rather than light listening.This makes them wonderful friends，but can also make it difficult for new people to understand why they're so quiet.9．How do introverts respond to a chat?A．They try to avoid it. B．They get excited about it.C．They give it their full attention.D．They focus on unimportant topics.10．What do we know about small talk?A．It goes slowly.B．It costs people a lot of time.C．It contributes to deeper topics.D．It provides much useful information.11．What does the underlined phrase“mull over” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Give up.   B．Think over.C．Write down.   D．Forget about.12．How can we become a good talker in small conversations?A．Figure out the deep meaning of questions.B．Think twice before answering questions.C．Try to find shared topics.D．Be a quiet listener.【語篇解讀】　文章介紹了內(nèi)向的人不喜歡閑聊及其原因，引導(dǎo)我們正確地認(rèn)識(shí)閑聊的作用并理解內(nèi)向的人。9．解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Either they'll seem to get bored and not say much or they'll seem to skate over small talk in favor of more in-depth topics.”可知，性格內(nèi)向者要么很厭煩不想多說，要么避免閑談。故選A項(xiàng)。答案：A10．解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Small talk serves as a gateway...get to the bigger topics.”可知，閑聊有助于引出更深層次的話題。故選C項(xiàng)。答案：C11．解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段中的“But introverts like to chew on their words before saying them aloud.”可知，內(nèi)向的人喜歡在說話前仔細(xì)斟酌，也就是說，他們回答前會(huì)仔細(xì)考慮不同的想法。think over意為“認(rèn)真考慮”，符合語境。故選B項(xiàng)。答案：B12．解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Small talk is about...a common point of interest.”可知，想要成為一個(gè)健談的人，需要找到共同的話題。故選C項(xiàng)。答案：C 

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