專題18   閱讀理解之猜測詞義題講解與練習(xí)Part 1 整體感知猜測詞義題旨在考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文推測生詞、短語或句意的能力，突出考查對語境的分析和把握能力。近幾年猜測詞義題難度略有增加，需要在較為復(fù)雜的句式中通過上下文綜合分析才能得出答案。一、猜測詞義類題目常見的設(shè)問方式如下：The word “…”refers to/probably means _______.The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by ______.What do you think the expression “…”stands for?By saying “…” we mean ______.“…” as used in the passage can best be defined as _____.Which of the following words can take the place of the word “…”?Part 2 方法指導(dǎo)利用指代關(guān)系來猜測代詞詞義代詞詞義的猜測即找出人稱代詞、指示代詞所指代的內(nèi)容。對于代詞所指代的內(nèi)容的判斷，首先我們要連讀前后段落，了解前后兩段文章的內(nèi)容，然后判斷畫線代詞的類型。接下來仔細閱讀前句，一般來說代詞的詞義推測主要是看前面句子所出現(xiàn)的名詞及相當(dāng)于名詞的表達。典題例證（2017.全國卷II閱讀B節(jié)選）We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back - he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.26.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?A.Their belief.                             B.Their care for children.C.Their success.                            D.Their support for each other.解析 根據(jù)“We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back”可知，下文的內(nèi)容是對 the belief的解釋，that引導(dǎo)同位語從句，解釋說明the belief的具體內(nèi)容。下文提到了我們并不經(jīng)常見面，但是分享這個信念把我們帶到了一起。故答案為A.利用定義來猜測詞義在許多情況下，作者預(yù)計到某個詞一般讀者不熟悉，則會在文章中給出該詞的定義或解釋。這種解釋可能是一種重復(fù)說明或定義。通過閱讀定義和解釋部分，學(xué)生便可理解該詞的基本含義、線索詞有that，which is 等。典題例證（2015.北京高考閱讀C節(jié)選）Transparent animals let light pass through their bodies the same way light passes through a window.解析 通過本句中的定義“the same way light passes through a window”可知，transparent應(yīng)意為“透明的”。利用定語或同位語來猜測詞義通常引出該詞同位語的詞語有or， that is， in other words等，還有的同位語以括號或破折號的形式出現(xiàn)。在這些標(biāo)記詞后學(xué)生可較易找到同畫線詞意義相同或相近的詞。典題例證（2018全國卷II閱讀B節(jié)選）If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children’s party; they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.26. What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph?A. A dessert.                       B. A drink.C. A container.                      D. A machine.解析 本段對juicer的功能做了描述，從其中的“you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a “soft-serve” creamy dessert…”這些字眼可以看出juicer是一種機器，是一種將冷凍的香蕉、漿果等制成果汁的機器，此外，最后一句中的“they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.”明確指出畫線詞指的是一種機器（榨汁機），因此選D.利用文章同義詞或近義詞在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者為了避免語言的單調(diào)、重復(fù)，有時會使用意思相同或相近的詞。因此考生只要讀懂上下文，知道其中一個詞的意思，就能猜出另外一個詞的意思。典題例證 （2018.全國卷III閱讀D節(jié)選）Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.32. What do the words “more is more” in paragraph 1 probably mean? A. The more, the better.     B. Enough is enough. C. More money, more worries.   D. Earn more and spend more.解析 根據(jù)第一句“Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.”和畫線短語后的“when it comes to kids and their belongings”可知這里的more is more與前面的flooded with 同義，成年人喜歡物品像洪水一樣覆蓋生活中，即大量的，越多越好。故選擇A。利用文章中的舉例猜測詞義在閱讀理解中學(xué)生可以根據(jù)文章所舉的例子，從具體到一般，猜出該生詞的意思。舉例常用到的信號詞有：such as，such…as，for example，for instance，like，including，especially等。典題例證（2016.全國卷III閱讀D節(jié)選）Readers also tended to share articles that were exciting or funny, or that inspired negative feelings like anger or anxiety, but not articles that left them merely sad. 解析 根據(jù)畫線詞的舉例“like anger or anxiety”可推知，畫線部分的意思應(yīng)該是“消極的”。利用對比或比較的詞語來猜測的詞義當(dāng)作者強調(diào)的事物之間有區(qū)別或?qū)αr往往會運用對比的手法，即會用到對比的詞語，例如反義詞，也可以暗示出生詞的含義。注意這些詞語和內(nèi)容則能幫助判斷所需內(nèi)容。能體現(xiàn)對比關(guān)系的詞匯主要有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead，on the other hand，on the contrary, in contrast with等。標(biāo)點符號中的分號也可以表示對比。典題例證If you ‘re tired of wandering around the gum wasting time and becoming bored, you can attend an upbeat group fitness class that’ll keep your workout on track.73. The underlined word “upbeat” in the second paragraph probably means “_____”.A.cheerful  B.average C.serious  D.temporary解析  根據(jù)語境可知，upbeat 應(yīng)與上文中的tired of 意義相反，故答案為A.Part 3閱讀理解仿真組合練AA few years ago, my husband Charlie and I had marital problems. Growing family responsibilities and financial worries took a toll on us and we began arguing frequently, often late into the night.However, neither of us could take the step that would end our eleven-year marriage and bring heartbreak to our three young children. Deep down we knew we still loved each other, so we determined to work it out. Through countless discussions, we began to close the gulf. The more honest we were, the closer we became.When I felt we were reaching solid ground, I asked my husband to give me an “eternity (永恒) ring”. It was not so much the ring I wanted; it was the reassurance (保證) I thought it would bring.We went shopping on a beautiful summer day. We walked hand in hand along a row of jeweler’s shops. Finally I found a ring I liked. While waiting for it to be adjusted, the jeweler took my left hand and glanced at my engagement ring. “May I clean it for you?” he asked. “It really doesn’t sparkle like it used to.” Charlie said as I slipped the ring off my finger. A few minutes later the jeweler was back. The ring shone like new!On the drive home, I didn’t take my eyes off it. I forgot all about the eternity ring. I just couldn’t believe how this old ring suddenly sparkled the way it had the day Charlie gave it to me. I had taken it for granted these past years, but with a little polish it could still make my heart beat fast.And that’s the way it is with a marriage. You have to work at keeping it polished and new, or else the grime (污垢) of the passing years will hide the joy. I put my hand on the seat between us and spread my fingers. Charlie covered my hand with his. I felt I was lucky to be able to see the sparkle in something gold when I thought I needed something new.1. Why did the author and her husband decide to solve the problems?A. They were a famous couple. B. They didn’t want to divorce.C. The problems were not serious. D. They had experience in doing so.2. What does the underlined part in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. free of trouble B. arriving at a squareC. wealthy and generous D. in good relationship3. Why did the author forget all about the eternity ring on their way back home?A. Her husband kept it for her. B. They didn’t actually pay for it.C. The old ring’s light attracted her attention. D. The couple were talking all the way merrily.4. What does the author mainly want to express in the last paragraph?A. We tend to prefer new objects to old ones.B. One should remain thankful for what he has got.C. Marriage should be constantly polished.D. We should try to rediscover the true value of old objects.BKong Zhenlan, a 71-year-old woman from China’s Shanxi Province, has devoted the last four decades of her life to adopting orphans（孤兒）, making sure that they had food on the table and got access to education.Even though she could only afford to support herself on a modest income Kong Zhenlan couldn’t bear to walk by the orphanage in Jixian County every day and see so many children struggling in poverty. One day, she stopped by and picked one of the orphans in her arms. That’s when she knew she had to do something to make their life better. The modest woman started adopting these abandoned children and nurturing them as her own. Over the last 47 years, she has adopted 45 orphans, some of whom grew up to become doctors and lawyers.Kong’s oldest adopted child is 45-years-old, while her youngest is 9-months-old. Today, her adult children donate some of their monthly salaries to help bring up their younger siblings（兄弟姐妹）, but in the beginning, the woman had to make due with what she had. And it wasn’t much. She would spend all her money making sure the children had milk to drink, and if there was none left for her, she would look for leftovers in local garbage cans.The modest woman recently told Pear Video that over the last 40 years she has only been getting 2 hours of sleep per night. She goes to sleep at around midnight, after putting the children to sleep and finishing up her chores（家務(wù)）, and gets up around 2 am to check if they’re all still covered with blankets. She has gotten used to it and said that a short sleep was a small price to pay for making sure the children grow up healthy and happy.5. What does the underlined word“nurturing”in paragraph 2 probably mean？A. Examining. B. Observing.C. Raising. D. Preferring.6. How do Kong Zhenlan’s adult children help her？A. Support her financially. B. Raise money every month.C. Sell milk in the midnight. D. Pick up leftovers when free.7. What makes Kong Zhenlan spare no effort to raise the orphans？A. Her desire to get rid of loneliness. B. Her eagerness to get fame and wealth.C. Her wish to find a better job in this way. D. Her hope for the children to have a happy life.8. Which of the following best describes Kong Zhenlan？A. Easy-going. B. Kind.C. Creative. D. Reasonable.CInstagram（圖片分享社交應(yīng)用程序）is about to take its biggest step toward removing likes from its platform. After months of testing an option to hide likes in select international markets, Instagram, which is owned by Facebook（FB）, has already been testing hiding likes in seven other countries, including Canada, Ireland and Australia. For years, likes have been central to how celebrities, brands, politicians and everyday users experience Instagram and Facebook. It's a way of measuring popularity and success. But in recent months, Instagram has been rethinking how likes contribute to making its platform more toxic. Now it's considering a change.The total number of likes on posts — which appear as hearts on the app ——will disappear from Instagram's main feed, profile pages and permalink（永久鏈接）pages. The owner of the account can still see their own likes, but their followers won't know the count.CNN Business previously spoke with users in countries with the test. The majority felt this move would improve well-being on the app. Instagram is the most detrimental（不利的，有害的）social networking app for young people's mental health, such as negatively impacting body image, according  to one study.But other users and psychologists said hiding likes won't fix everything. The test doesn't address some of the key ways that activity on Instagram can impact the well-being of users, including bullying, feeling left out and thinking other people's lives are better than their own.Renee Engeln, a psychology professor at Northwestern University, voiced his opinion that the biggest impact of Instagram is the content and the exposure to this constant stream of perfected images is what seems to hurt psychologically. Plus, users can still see their own likes ——and feel badly if their posts don't perform well.9. How do users experience Instagram in this passage?A. By giving likes. B. By hiding likes.C. By selecting platforms. D. By showing off talents.10. The underlined word “toxic” in Paragraph 1 most probably means “      ”.A. profitable    B. poisonous   C. popular   D. positive11. What can we infer from the passage?A. Instagram has affected youngsters' mental health.B. The account owners won't know the count o￡ likes.C Instagram tested hiding likes in seven countries first.D. The majority think Instagram has been a well-being app.12. What could be the best title of the passage?A. Instagram Misuses LikesB. More People Are Against LikesC. Likes Cause Mental ProblemsD. Likes will Be Hidden on InstagramDIf humans ever settle on Mars, they will need water. There is just one problem---there seems to be only huge sheets of ice. Luckily, we know how to drill(鉆孔） ice for water. Such methods are already used in Antarctica, and researchers now think they could get them to work on the Red Planet, too. The atmosphere of Mars is too dry to make extracting water vapour from it possible. So ice seems the best bet. But the obvious ice sheets are in the unlivable polar ice caps and would be difficult to reach for drilling.However, in 2018, at the edge of the cliffs, NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter spotted relatively accessible water ice that is probably at least 130metres thick and covered in just a few metres of rock and dust. These may be the best place to get the water needed for future exploration of the planet.The drilling techniques needed have already been developed for cold areas on Earth where we need to melt buried ice for water. In the early 1960s the US Army used a type of subsurface reservoir(水庫)called Rod Well, in army camps in Greenland. The method works by drilling through the ground into the ice, melting the ice to create a pool, and then pumping water up. By supplying heat continuously, they create a reservoir and a steady water            supply. It has been used in remote areas such as the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station Stephen Hoffman at the Aerospace Corporation in Texas and his colleagues simulated(模擬)how a Rod Well would do on Mars. They found that with the power of 9 kilowatts (千瓦)to melt ice, it could in theory produce about 380 litres of water each day and maintain a reservoir of constant size at the bottom of a borehole(鉆孔). That is close to the average daily water use each person in the US, but about 10 times what each astronaut on the International Space Station uses daily.13. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "extracting" in the first paragraph ?A. obtaining B. protectingC. Preventing D. choosing14. Why does the author mention the Rod Well in Paragraph 3?A. To explain how water ice is drilled on Mars.B. To tell about the history of water ice drilling techniques.C. To prove the importance of water ice drilling techniquesD. To show techniques for drilling water wells in Martian ice exist.15. On average, how much water does an astronaut on the International Space Station use daily?A. 10 litres B. 38 litresC. 160 litres D. 380 litres16. What would be the best title for the text?A. Preparing to settle on the Red Planet one day.B. Finding water on the Red Planet for survival.C. Using some ways to create a livable environment on Mars.D. Drilling water wells in Martian ice to survive on Mars.A 【答案】1. B    2. D    3. C    4. C【解析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者和丈夫曾經(jīng)有過婚煙問題，但雙方均未想要離婚，而是努力解決雙方之間的問題。當(dāng)作者提出和丈夫一起去買永恒戒指的時候，由戒指除垢感悟到平凡的婚煙也應(yīng)該像戒指一樣經(jīng)常除垢，讓它重新生機勃勃。【1題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“Deep down we knew we still loved each other, so we determined to work it out.”，作者和丈夫仍然相互愛對方，都不想結(jié)束他們的婚煙，不想使孩子們傷心，所以他們決定要解決他們之間的問題。故B項正確。【2題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Through countless discussions, we began to close the gulf. The more honest we were, the closer we became.”可知，作者和丈夫解決了他們之間的問題，關(guān)系越來越融治。再根據(jù)畫線部分所在句子中的“I asked my husband to give me an “eternity (永恒) ring””可推知，作者感覺她和丈夫的關(guān)系已經(jīng)很好了，他們已經(jīng)和好如初了。故D項正確。【3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“On the drive home, I didn’t take my eyes off it.”可知，作者在回家的路上眼睛一直盯著那枚結(jié)婚戒指，因為它經(jīng)過擦拭后重新放出了光芒，猶如丈夫剛給她的那天一樣。早已忘記他們是要去買“永恒戒指”。故C項正確。【4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段前兩句“And that’s the way it is with a marriage. You have to work at keeping it polished and new, or else the grime (污垢) of the passing years will hide the joy.”可知，作者認為對待婚姻也應(yīng)該像對待那枚戒指一樣，經(jīng)常除垢，經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)婚姻生活中的閃光點，使婚姻保持新鮮。故C項正確。【點睛】本文小題2考查了詞義猜測題，由第二段最后一句可知“作者和丈夫解決了他們之間的問題。他們的關(guān)系已經(jīng)恢復(fù)了”，可知該短語意為“in good relationship”。本題主要運用上下文語境猜測參與。通過上下文的具體信息猜測詞義是目前高考閱讀理解題中最常見的一種命題形式。B【答案】5. C    6. A    7. D    8. B【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一位71歲的老人孔振蘭幾十年如一日地收養(yǎng)孤兒。盡管她自己只有很少的錢, 但是她還是盡力讓那些孤兒過上健康快樂的生活。【5題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段中The modest woman started adopting these abandoned children and nurturing them as her own. Over the last 47 years, she has adopted 45 orphans, some of whom grew up to become doctors and lawyers. 這位謙遜的婦女開始收養(yǎng)這些被遺棄的孩子，并把他們當(dāng)作自己的孩子撫養(yǎng)。在過去的47年里，她收養(yǎng)了45名孤兒，其中一些人后來成為了醫(yī)生和律師。由此可知，孔振蘭老人收養(yǎng)那些被遺棄的孩子并把他們撫養(yǎng)長大。故劃線詞的詞義與“Raising”的意思一致。故選C。【6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Today, her adult children donate some of their monthly salaries to help bring up their younger siblings（兄弟姐妹）如今，她的成年子女將每月工資的一部分捐給撫養(yǎng)弟弟妹妹。由此可知, 孔振蘭的長大的孩子們在經(jīng)濟上支持她。故選A。【7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段She has gotten used to it and said that a short sleep was a small price to pay for making sure the children grow up healthy and happy. 她已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了，她說，為了確保孩子們健康快樂地成長，短暫的睡眠是一個小小的代價。由此,讓孩子們健康快樂地生活是孔振蘭不辭辛苦養(yǎng)育這些孤兒的動力。故選D。【8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中Kong Zhenlan, a 71-year-old woman from China’s Shanxi Province, has devoted the last four decades of her life to adopting orphans（孤兒）, making sure that they had food on the table and got access to education. 71歲的孔振蘭(音譯)來自中國山西省，她把自己過去40年的時間都用來收養(yǎng)孤兒，確保他們有飯吃，有受教育的機會。由此可知，孔振蘭老人能四十年如一日地撫養(yǎng)孤兒說明她是一個善良的人。故選B。C【答案】9. A    10. B    11. A    12. D【解析】本文為說明文。Instagram即將邁出最大的一步，從它的平臺上移除“點贊”。因為“點贊”讓平臺變得更“有毒”的，幾個月來 Instagram一直嘗試在一些國際市場隱藏“點贊”功能。【9題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“For years, likes have been central to how celebrities, brands, politicians and everyday users experience Instagram and Facebook.” 多年來，“點贊”一直是名人、品牌、政客和普通用戶體驗Instagram和Facebook的核心。由此可知，體驗Instagram是通過點贊的形式，故選A，【10題詳解】猜測詞義題。根據(jù)劃線詞的上文“For years, likes have been central to how celebrities, brands, politicians and everyday users experience Instagram and Facebook. It's a way of measuring popularity and success.”多年來，點贊一直是名人、品牌、政客和日常用戶體驗Instagram和Facebook的核心重點。點贊是衡量受歡迎程度和成功的一種方法。接著用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but引出下文 “But in recent months, Instagram has been rethinking how likes contribute to making its platform more toxic. ”可知，最近幾個月，Instagram一直在反思“點贊”是如何讓自己的平臺變得更“toxic”。But表示與前文相反的意思?？芍拔臄⑹觥包c贊”是一種有用方法，那“toxic”是與之相反的，不好的。再結(jié)合“Instagram is about to take its biggest step toward removing likes from its platform..” Instagram即將邁出最大的一步，從它的平臺上去除點贊。可推斷出，去除點贊可能是因為它的不好的一面。分析選項A. profitable有利可圖的；B. poisonous有毒的；C. popular受歡迎的；D. positive積極的。可知A、C和D都是好的一面，只有B項是不好的。由此推斷出“toxic”是有毒的。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“The majority felt this move would improve well-being on the app. Instagram is the most detrimental（不利的，有害的）social networking app for young people's mental health, such as negatively impacting body image, according  to one study.” 大多數(shù)認為此舉將提高app的健康。一項研究顯示，Instagram是對年輕人心理健康最有害的社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)應(yīng)用，比如對身體形象產(chǎn)生負面影響。由此可推斷出Instagram影響了青少年的心理健康。故選A。【12題詳解】主旨大意題。本文第一段敘述了Instagram即將邁出最大的一步，從它的平臺上移除“點贊”。幾個月來 Instagram一直在嘗試在一些國際市場隱藏“點贊”功能。因為“點贊”平臺變得更“有毒”的。接著下文具體分析了“點贊”造成的不好的影響，從而正要隱藏“點贊”。文章分析“點贊”帶來的不好的影響，所以要在Instagram隱藏“點贊”功能。因此D項是最最佳題目。故選D。【點睛】在閱讀中我們經(jīng)常會考查猜測詞義題。事實上，閱讀材料中的每個詞與它前后的詞語或句子甚至段落都有聯(lián)系。運用邏輯推理猜測詞義是使用最廣考查最多也最易失分的猜詞方式，這要求考生具備整合分散、復(fù)雜信息的能力，充分利用上下文（各種已知信息）并結(jié)合具體的語境推測、判斷某些詞或短語的詞義。例如第2小題詞意猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞的上文“For years, likes have been central to how celebrities, brands, politicians and everyday users experience Instagram and Facebook. It's a way of measuring popularity and success.”多年來，點贊一直是名人、品牌、政客和日常用戶體驗Instagram和Facebook的核心重點。點贊是衡量受歡迎程度和成功的一種方法。接著用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞but引出下文 “But in recent months, Instagram has been rethinking how likes contribute to making its platform more toxic. ”可知，最近幾個月，Instagram一直在反思“點贊”是如何讓自己的平臺變得更“toxic”。But表示與前文相反的意思。可知，前文敘述“點贊”是一種有用方法，那“toxic”是與之相反的，不好的。再結(jié)合“Instagram is about to take its biggest step toward removing likes from its platform..” Instagram即將邁出最大的一步，從它的平臺上去除點贊?？赏茢喑?，去除點贊可能是因為它的不好的一面。分析選項A. profitable有利可圖的；B. poisonous有毒的；C. popular受歡迎的；D. positive積極的。可知A、C和D都是好的一面，只有B項是不好的。由此推斷出“toxic”是有毒的。D【答案】13. A    14. D    15. B    16. D【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章告訴我們?nèi)绻祟愐诨鹦巧仙婵梢酝ㄟ^人類現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)在火星巨大的冰層上鉆冰取水。【13題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段The atmosphere of Mars is too dry to make extracting water vapour from it possible（火星的大氣層太干燥，無法從其中_____水蒸氣）可知，依據(jù)劃線前提到了火星的大氣層太干燥可推出從大氣層“獲取”水蒸氣是不可能的。A. obtaining 獲??；B. protecting 保護；C. preventing 阻止；D. choosing 選擇。故選A項。【14題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段The drilling techniques needed have already been developed for cold areas on Earth where we need to melt buried ice for water. In the early 1960s the US Army used a type of subsurface reservoir called Rod Well, in army camps in Greenland（在地球上寒冷的地區(qū)，我們需要融化地下的冰以獲得水，而所需的鉆探技術(shù)已經(jīng)開發(fā)出來。在20世紀(jì)60年代早期，美國軍隊在格陵蘭的軍營中使用了一種叫做Rod Well的地下水庫）可知融化地下冰已獲得水的技術(shù)已經(jīng)開發(fā)出來了。文章第一段中提及人類是無法從火星的大氣層中獲得水的，只能從巨大的冰層中鉆冰取水。第三段告知我們鉆冰取水的技術(shù)已經(jīng)有了，將來可用于火星開發(fā)中。故選D項。【15題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段They found that with the power of 9 kilowatts （千瓦）to melt ice, it could in theory produce about 380 liters of water each day and maintain a reservoir of constant size at the bottom of a borehole(鉆孔）. That is close to the average daily water use each person in the US, but about 10 times what each astronaut on the International Space Station uses daily.他們發(fā)現(xiàn)，用9千瓦的能量融化冰，理論上每天可以產(chǎn)生380升的水，并在一個鉆孔底部維持一個恒定大小的蓄水池。這接近于美國人均日用水量，但大約是國際空間站每位宇航員日用水量的10倍）可知，美國人均日用水量是380升的水，這個用水量是每位宇航員日用水量的10倍。因此可以算出宇航員日用水量38升左右。故選B 項。【16題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段If humans ever settle on Mars, they will need water. There is just one problem---there seems to be only huge sheets of ice. Luckily, we know how to drill ice for water. Such methods are already used in Antarctica, and researchers now think they could get them to work on the Red Planet, too.（如果人類在火星定居，他們將需要水。只有一個問題——這里似乎只有巨大冰層。幸運的是，我們知道如何鉆冰取水。這種方法已經(jīng)在南極洲使用，研究人員現(xiàn)在認為他們也可以在這顆紅色星球上使用）可知，如果人類要在火星上生存可以通過人類現(xiàn)有的技術(shù)在火星巨大的冰層上鉆冰取水。在文章第二段提到，在火星上找到了可被人類利用的冰。文章第三段提到了現(xiàn)有的“鉆冰取水”的技術(shù)。綜合分析，故選D項。       
 

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