Unit 1 People of achievementPeriod 1 Reading and thinking一、單句語法填空 題目  He is widely _____________(acknowledge) as the best player in the world.【答案】acknowledged 【解析】be acknowledged as 被承認是 題目 He was ________________(apparent) much surprised at the news that the amateur athlete beat the professional one who ranked top ten.【答案】apparently【解析】副詞修飾much surprised. 題目  He insist on _____________(give) every detail of the case.【答案】being given【解析】句意為：他堅決要求說明事情的整個來龍去脈。He為give的主語補足語。  題目  The key to success as a romantic _____________( novel) is absolute belief in your story.【答案】 novelist【解析】句意為：一個浪漫派小說家成功的關鍵在于對自己故事的絕對相信。因為后面是belief in, 所以前面是小說家，是“人”，而不是小說。 題目  He tried boiling fresh wormwood, and _________(use) the liquid obtained from this to treat malaria.【答案】 using【解析】boiling和suing并列，為tried的賓語。題目  I saw leaves moving__________(gentle) in the breeze.【答案】 gently【解析】 副詞修飾動詞move。 題目 In the war, they narrowly avoided____________(defeat) by the enemy.【答案】 being defeated【解析】句意為：戰(zhàn)爭中他們差點被敵人打敗。avoid doing sth. 題目 Tu Youyou’s research led to the discovery of artemisinin, ____crucial new treatment for malaria.  【答案】 a【解析】treatment在此為可數(shù)名詞，“一種治療方法”。 題目 Upon ________(arrive), he hugge my uncle and tried to give him courage.【答案】 arrival【解析】 句意為：他一到來就擁抱我的叔叔，想盡量給他勇氣。10. 題目 They did an experiment and compared the physical ________(property) of the two substances.【答案】 properties【解析】 句意為：他們做了實驗比較了這兩種物質(zhì)的物理特性。二、  單句改錯Artemisinin is thought to save 100,000 life a year in Africa alone.【答案】 life 改為lives 【解析】 此處life為生命，可數(shù)名詞。Boiled the sweet wormwood apparently destroyed its medical properties.【答案】 Boiled 改為 Boiling【解析】 Boiling為動名詞做主語We talked about music, and food, and holiday destinations, and gradual established a kinship.【答案】 gradual改為 gradually【解析】 句意為：我們談論了音樂、食物以及度假目的地，逐漸就親密起來。gradually 副詞修飾動詞。On October 6, Tu Youyou was awarded with the Nobel Prize.【答案】 with去掉【解析】award的用法為award sb. sth. They will send in trained nurses evaluate the needs of the individual patient.【答案】 evaluate 前加 to【解析】to evaluate 不定式表目的。三、語法填空TU Youyou, 84,  1  (honor) with the Nobel Prize in Physiology (生理學) or Medicine on Oct 5. She was  2  first Chinese citizen to win a Nobel Prize in science. Tu shared the prize  3  the Irish-born William Campbell and Satoshi ōmura of Japan.
    Tu is a researcher at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine. She was honored for  4    (develop) artemisinin , “a new drug therapy against malaria”   5  has saved millions of lives worldwide,               6  (especial) in developing countries, the Nobel Assembly said on its website.
    Tu and her colleagues  7  (join) a government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s. They made 380 herbal extracts from 2,000 recipes from traditional Chinese   8  (medicine) books. In 1971, after more than 190   9   (fail), Tu’s team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against the malaria parasites (寄生蟲) – artemisinin.“The discovery of artemisinin is a gift to mankind from traditional Chinese medicine. It’s the collective achievement of the research team.   10  (win) the prize is an honor for China’s science and traditional Chinese medicine,” Tu told Xinhua.【答案】  1. was honored  2. the   3. with     4. developing   5.that  6. especially   7. joined  8. medical  9. failures     10. Winning四、閱讀理解NATURE has many ways of reminding us who is in charge. Her most deadly weapons – bacteria, viruses, and parasites (寄生蟲) – claim millions of lives every year.
    But thanks to the hard work of great scientists, mankind could turn nature against itself. And it is for exactly this sort of work that the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine on Oct 5. ?
    Half of the prize was awarded to the Irish William Campbell and the Japanese Satoshi ōmura for discovering avermectin (阿維菌素), a drug that kills the parasitic worms that cause river blindness and lymphatic filariasis (象皮病). Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin , a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.
    ōmura is a microbiologist by training. He studied Streptomyces bacteria to find compounds (化合物) that work against harmful microbes (微生物). Campbell, working in the US, took bacteria found by ōmura and took out avermectin, which is effective against parasites in farm animals. An improved type of avermectin was later produced for humans, which greatly reduced the cases of river blindness and lymphatic filariasis.
    Avermectin comes from bacteria, but artemisinin comes from plants. Its discovery was the result of Project 523, a Chinese government project to find a new malaria drug in the late 1960s.
    Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by parasites, which attack red blood cells, causing fever, and sometimes, brain damage and death. Tu and her team made 380 herbal extracts from 2,000 recipes from traditional Chinese medical books. In 1971, after more than 190 failures, Tu’s team finally found an extract that was 100 percent effective against malaria parasites. It was called qinghaosu, later renamed artemisinin. In 2001, the World Health Organization named artemisinin the first choice in the treatment of malaria.
    Millions of people are still troubled by infections caused by parasites. But the WHO said that by 2013, malaria deaths had fallen by 47 percent compared with 2000. Similarly, river blindness used to be one of the leading causes of preventable blindness. These days, doctors are talking about chances of wiping the disease off Earth. All of these achievements would not be possible at all without the drugs that Campbell, ōmura and Tu helped to discover.The drug Tu Youyou developed, artemisinin, has proven effective in treating ______.A. river blindness  B. malariaC. lymphatic filariasis D. infections caused by Streptomyces bacteria【答案】B【解析】根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知。Chinese scientist Tu Youyou shared the other half of the prize for developing Artemisinin , a drug that helps kill the parasite that causes malaria.
2. Avermectin, discovered by Campbell and ōmura, comes from ______.
  A. bacteria   B. plants   C. farm animals   D. ocean animals【答案】A 【解析】根據(jù)第五段第一句可知Avermectin comes from bacteria, but artemisinin comes from plants.
3. Which of the following is TRUE about the discovery of artemisinin?
  A. It took Tu and her team about 10 years to discover artemisinin.
  B. Tu and her team achieved success after about 380 failures.
  C. Artemisinin has saved millions of people’s lives since its discovery.
  D. Artemisinin was discovered thanks to the efforts of scientists from at home and abroad.【答案】C【解析】根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段最后一句可知，523計劃是60年代晚期提出的，從倒數(shù)第二段第三句可知，青蒿素是1971年發(fā)現(xiàn)的。故A錯。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第三句可知，失敗的次數(shù)為190多次，故B錯。青蒿素無國外科學家參與發(fā)現(xiàn)，故D錯。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知C正確。   

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