
Discvering Useful Structure
【教學(xué)目標(biāo)】
1. Guide students t review the basic usages f the Present Perfect Passive Vice.
2. Lead students t learn t use sme special cases cncerning the Present Perfect Passive Vice flexibly.
2. Enable students t use the basic phrases structures flexibly.
3. Strengthen students’ great interest in grammar learning.
【教學(xué)重難點(diǎn)】
1. Help students t appreciate the functin f the Present Perfect Passive Vice in a sentence.
2. Instruct students t write essays using the prper the Present Perfect Passive Vice.
【教學(xué)過程】
Step 1: Reviewing
引導(dǎo)學(xué)生觀察下列句子特點(diǎn),總結(jié)共同點(diǎn)。
1.(教材P28) Much has been written abut the wnders f the Wrld Wide Web.
2.(教材P28) But the Internet has dne much mre fr peple than simply make life mre cnvenient.
3.(教材P28) Many peple have been helped by the club.
4.(教材P28) She n lnger feels lnely, and her cmpany has becme quite successful.
5.(教材P32) Tday I thught I’d blg abut a questin that has been asked many times—hw d yu stay safe nline and avid bad experiences n the Internet?
Step 2: Presentatin
一、常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有:
already已經(jīng)yet 已經(jīng)
recently/lately 最近since then 從那時(shí)起
ever since 自那以來ever 曾經(jīng)
s far迄今為止by nw到現(xiàn)在為止
fr a lng time 很長一段時(shí)間
in recent years 在最近幾年里
in/during/ver the past/last years在過去的幾年里
二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的意義。
1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)發(fā)生在過去的被動(dòng)性的動(dòng)作,動(dòng)作已完成并強(qiáng)調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,主語和謂語之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。
The dr has already been lcked.
門早已經(jīng)被鎖上了。
I have been emplyed at the jb since 2015.
自從2015年,我就做這份工作。
2.基本構(gòu)成
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)為has/have been dne。
A lt f mney has been spent t prtect the ld temple by nw.
到目前為止已投入了大筆錢來保護(hù)這座古廟。
These trees have been watered lately.
那些樹最近已澆水。
2)帶有雙賓語的動(dòng)詞,如give, send, bring, take, teach, shw, tell, make, sing, write, read, sell, buy, pay, lend, pass, prmise等,變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),一般將間接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語,若將直接賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的主語時(shí),間接賓語前面要用相應(yīng)的介詞。
We have given him the bk.
→He has been given the bk.
→The bk has been given t him.
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法
1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)同它的主動(dòng)語態(tài)一樣,強(qiáng)調(diào)過去的動(dòng)作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,通常與already, yet, just, never, recently等副詞連用。
◆The machine has already been repaired.
機(jī)器已經(jīng)修好了。
2.表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)開始于過去,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并可能持續(xù)下去,常與fr或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語連用,或用于“Hw lng…?”句型中。
◆Financial prblems f the cmpany have been discussed fr nearly tw hurs.
公司的財(cái)務(wù)問題已被討論了近兩個(gè)小時(shí)了。
3.用在時(shí)間或條件狀語從句中,表示將來某時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作,即用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)代替將來完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
◆Yu shuldn’t leave schl befre yur hmewrk has been finished.
在你的作業(yè)沒完成之前你不應(yīng)該離開學(xué)校。
使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)要注意的問題
1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)及一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的區(qū)別
The machine has been repaired. (說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,對現(xiàn)在有影響,“現(xiàn)在修好了”)
The machine is being repaired nw. (說明動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)
The machine was repaired yesterday. (只說明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在 過去)
2.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,如brrw, finish, begin, start, buy, marry, pen, jin等構(gòu)成的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)的意思,則要改換動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài),例如:
工程已開始三個(gè)月了。
The prject has been started fr three mnths. (F)
The prject has been n fr three mnths. (T)
3.帶有復(fù)合賓語的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí),若賓語補(bǔ)足語為省略t的不定式充當(dāng)時(shí),在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中需將省掉的t加上。
The bss has made his cmpany ffer mre chances fr peple t wrk.
→His cmpany has been made t ffer mre chances fr peple t wrk.
(4)動(dòng)詞短語是一個(gè)不可分割的整體,在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要保持其完整性,其中的介詞或副詞不可省略。
It's said that the prblem has been lked int.
據(jù)說已經(jīng)調(diào)查了這個(gè)問題。
總結(jié):現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)
Step 3 Drill
時(shí)態(tài)填空。
1.He _______________________ (select) t take part in the sprts meeting.
2.The ink___________________________________ (remve) frm his vercat.
3. Has the date fr the next meeting____________________________ (decide)?
4. Hw lng has the battery________________________________ (change)?
句型轉(zhuǎn)換:
The children have already been tld the gd news.
1.上面的句子變?yōu)榉穸ň洹?br/>
________________________________________________________
2.將上面的句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧洹?br/>
________________________________________________________
3.對上面句子中的The children進(jìn)行提問。
_______________________________________________________
Step 4 Hmewrk:
完成課后練習(xí)??隙ㄊ?br/>主語+have/has been dne…
否定式
主語+have/has nt been dne…
一般疑問式
Have/Has+主語+been dne…?
特殊疑問式
疑問詞+have/has+主語+been dne…?
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