2020版高考英語新創(chuàng)新一輪復習外研版講義：必修4Module4GreatScientists-學案下載-教習網

Module 4 Great Scientists

一、課前基礎自查
(一)分類記單詞——省時高效
Ⅰ.閱讀單詞(知其意)
1．biochemistry n．　　生物化學
2．biology n. 生物學
3．botany n. 植物學
4．genetics n. 遺傳學
5．zoology n. 動物學
6．staple adj. 主要的；重要的
7．nickname n. 綽號
8．breeding n. 培育
9．species n. (動物或植物的)種
10．yield n. 產量
11．hybrid n. 雜交種
12．best-seller n. 暢銷書(或唱片等)
13．brilliant adj. 聰穎的；才華橫溢的
14．relativity n. 相對論
15．rocket n. 火箭
16.quality n．　質量
17．gunpowder n. 火藥
18．arrow n. (弓)箭
Ⅱ.重點單詞(寫其形)
1．leading adj. 主要的
2．figure n. 人物
3．publish vt. 出版
4．breakthrough n. 突破
5．support vt. 支持
6．convert vt. 改變；轉換
7．replace vt. 取代；以……代替
8．victim n. 受害者
9．partly adv. 部分地；在一定程度上
10．escape vi. 逃跑；逃避；逃脫
11．clear vi. (煙霧)消散
12．quantity n. 數(shù)量
Ⅲ.拓展單詞(通其變)
1．producer n．生產者→produce vt.生產→production n．生產；產量→product n．產品
2．educate vt.教育→education n．教育→educator n．教育工作者
3．agriculture n．農業(yè)→agricultural adj.農業(yè)的
4．original adj.原來的；最初的→origin n．起源→originate vi.起源→originally adv.原來；起初
5．export vt.出口→import vt.進口
6．brief adj.簡短的；簡潔的→briefly adv.簡短地
7．graduate vi.畢業(yè) n．畢業(yè)生→graduation n．畢業(yè)
8．personal adj.個人的→personally adv.就個人而言→personality n．個性；性格
9．explode vi.爆炸→explosion n. 爆炸；爆炸聲
[語境活用]
1．Though she explained the topic briefly,_we still learned a lot from her brief words. (brief)
2．It is originally thought to be a plant of Africa, but no one knows exactly the origin of this plant, because we don't have any original material about it. (origin)
3．My brother is a graduate in physics and he graduated from Peking University.He has been working in a famous company after graduation. (graduate)
4．This factory produces computers. Its producer is very optimistic about the production and sale. (produce)
5．The government is attaching more importance to educating the younger generation. In a sense, it is the duty of every educator to do what they can for the cause of education of China. (educate)
6．Two bombs exploded in the centre of our city and the explosion caused seven deaths. (explode)

(二)練中記短語——記牢用活
寫準記牢
語境活用(選用左欄短語填空)
1.bring_up　　　　　　　　培養(yǎng)；養(yǎng)育
2．the_key_to_(doing)_sth. (做)某事的關鍵
3．experiment_with 對……進行實驗
4．bring_in 引進
5．carry_out 實施；履行；執(zhí)行
6．as_a_result_of 由于……的結果
7．be_known_for 因……而出名/聞名
8．be_diagnosed_with 被診斷患有……疾病
9．earn_one's_living 謀生
10．come_to_power 掌權
1.The 21st Century Chinese Training School is_known_for providing training for foreign learners of Chinese.
2．As_a_result_of the big fire, thousands of people lost their homes.
3．At thirteen, he was_diagnosed_with kind of attention disorder.
4．Some uneducated and unskilled people earn_their_living by doing manual labor.
5．New technology has been brought_in since China was open to the outside world.
6．Scientific farming is the_key_to the further development of agriculture.
7．The artists had little faith in the political leader who came_to_power after the war.
8．A successful person always lays out plans carefully and lays aside all the other things to carry_out his plans.

(三)仿寫明句式——以用為本
教材原句
句式解讀
句式仿寫
1.In Stephen Hawking's case it was discovered that he was a brilliant scientist.
就史蒂芬·霍金的情況來說，人們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個卓越的科學家。
It is/was＋過去分詞＋that從句。
據(jù)報道，在這次事故中沒有乘客受傷。
It_is_reported_that no passengers were injured in the accident.
2.The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.
這些管子被綁在一根長木棍上，這根木棍能使火箭直線前進。
keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語。
他們使用電腦來保持交通的平穩(wěn)運行。
They use computers to keep_the_traffic_running smoothly.

3.Or was he carried miles into space, becoming the world's first astronaut?
或者他被帶到了太空中數(shù)英里的地方，成為世界上第一個宇航員？
現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結果狀語。
中國修建了更多的高速公路，使得人們從一個地方到另一個地方的旅行更加容易。
More highways have been built in China, making_it_much_easier_for_people_to_travel from one place to another.

二、課堂重點深化

1．support vt.& n．支持；擁護；支撐；供養(yǎng)
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①My parents always support me in what I want to do.
②With the support of the government, many patients in poor areas can afford to go to hospital.
③Several members spoke in support of the volunteers at the meeting yesterday.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)support sb.in sth.　　　　　　在某方面支持某人
support a (one's) family/oneself 養(yǎng)家糊口/自力更生
(2)come to one's support 來支持某人
with one's support＝with the support of sb. 在某人的支持下
in support of 支持；擁護
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
④Supporting by his brothers, he could continue his study in the university.
Supporting→Supported_
佳句時時寫
⑤他組織一個大型聚會的建議已經得到了朋友們的支持。
His_idea_to_organise_a_big_party_has_won_support_from_his_friends.
2．quantity n．數(shù)量；大量
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①A large quantity of money has_been_collected (collect) to help those suffering from the floods.
②In the first place, vehicles send large quantities of poisonous gases which are (be) a major source of air pollution.
③Quantities (quantity) of food and tents were sent to earthquake-stricken areas.
④We can offer you a better price if you can buy it in quantity.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
a large (good)/small quantity of　　大/少量的
large quantities of 大量的；許多的
in quantity 大量地
in quantity and quality 在數(shù)量和質量上
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
⑤Large quantities of food is sent to the countries struck by the tsunami (海嘯)．is→are_
佳句時時寫
⑥(2017·全國卷Ⅲ書面表達) 首先，最令人期待的活動是一年一度的乒乓球比賽，包括大量有天賦的球員。
To begin with, the most expected activity is the annual table tennis competition_that_involves a large_quantity_of_talented_players.
3．escape v．& n．逃跑；逃避；逃脫；避開；(氣體、液體等)漏出；被遺忘
　[自主體驗]
寫出下列句中escape的含義
①Seeing the poisonous gas escaping from the broken pipe, he sounded the alarm.漏出
②The two officers were extremely lucky to escape serious injury.避開
③Bob looked back only to find an old classmate whose name escaped him for the moment.被遺忘
單句語法填空
④That was a narrow escape all right when our car turned over!
⑤He escaped being_killed (kill) in the explosion because he had not gone to work.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)escape (doing) sth.　　逃脫(做)某事
escape from/out of ... 從……逃跑/逃走
escape sb./one's attention/notice 逃過某人的注意/被某人遺忘
(2)a narrow escape 死里逃生；幸免于難
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
⑥A prisoner by the name of Jack escaped to prison last night.to→from_
佳句時時寫
⑦令他們寬慰的是，他們的學生僥幸從搖動的大樓中逃脫出來。
To their relief, their students narrowly escaped_from_the_shaking_building.
4．clear vi.(煙霧)消散；(天)變晴vt.使清澈；使清楚；消除adj.清澈的；晴朗的；清晰的
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①It was a fine day once the mist had cleared up.
②It really seemed ages before the police came on the scene and cleared away the damaged cars.
③Susan made it clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
(1)clear away　　　　清除；驅散；拿走；收拾
clear up (天)放晴；整理；清理；消除(誤會)
clear one's throat (說話前)清嗓子
(2)make ...clear/made it clear that ...　闡明；明確表示
It is clear that ... 顯然……
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
④Clear as he speaks English, he still cannot make himself understood.Clear→Clearly_
佳句時時寫
⑤顯然，手機在青少年中很普遍并且改變了他們的生活方式。
It_is_clear_that_mobile_phones_have_become_popular_among_teenagers_and_changed_their_way_of_life.

1．earn one's living謀生
　[自主體驗]
補全句子
①I'm trying to persuade him to give up the attempt to earn_his_living/make_a_living_by writing.
我盡力勸說他放棄通過寫作謀生的想法。
②The company has earned_a_good_reputation_for reliability.
公司因為可靠性贏得了好名聲。
③Sometimes they may play to passers-by in the street or subway so that they can earn_extra_money for themselves or to pay for their instruments.
有時，他們會在街上或地鐵里給過路人演奏，這樣他們就可以自己掙額外的錢，或者買他們的樂器。
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
make a living ＝ earn one's living　謀生
earn one's own living 自食其力
earn extra money/a fortune 掙取額外收入/掙大錢
earn sb. praise/a good reputation 為某人贏得贊揚/好名聲
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
④When Edison was only a boy of thirteen, he earned living by selling newspapers in the street.living前加his_
佳句時時寫
⑤我曾經向我的父母承諾，我將在畢業(yè)后努力自食其力。
I_once_made_a_promise_to_my_parents_that_I_would_try_to_earn_my_own_living_after_graduation.
2．come to/into power 掌權；上臺；執(zhí)政
　[自主體驗]
單句語法填空
①Though he has been in power for two years, he hasn't found an effective solution to the country's economic problems.
②Not that I don't want to help you, but that it's beyond_my power to do so.
③When the government came to/into power, he was named minister of Culture Ministry.
　[系統(tǒng)歸納]
in power　　　　　　　　當權；掌權
beyond one's power 不能勝任；超過了某人的能力
within/in one's power 有能力；力所能及
　[重點強化]
易錯處處防
④Up to this year, our Party has been in the power for more than 70 years.去掉the_
佳句時時寫
⑤我將盡我所能幫助你。
I_will_do_everything_in/within_my_power_to_help_you._

“come into＋名詞”構成的短語還有：
come into being　　　　形成；產生
come into existence 開始存在；建立；產生
come into effect/force 生效
come into use 開始使用
come into sight/view 看見；進入視野
come into fashion 開始流行

3．keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語
　[教材原句]　The tubes were attached to a long stick which helped keep_the_rocket_moving in a straight direction.
　[自主體驗]
①The question kept_me_wondering for the rest of the night.
這個問題讓我在接下來的晚上一直在想。
②It is necessary that we keep_the_young_generation_informed of the current affairs.
我們有必要讓年輕一代了解時事。
③It can prevent us from getting short-sighted and it can keep_us_physically_healthy.
它能夠使我們預防近視，而且能使我們身體健康。
　[歸納點撥]
用法規(guī)則
keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語的常用結構：
(1)keep＋n./pron.＋現(xiàn)在分詞
(2)keep＋n./pron.＋過去分詞
(3)keep＋n./pron.＋形容詞/副詞/名詞/介詞短語
注意事項
在“keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構中，現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語之間為主動關系，過去分詞與賓語之間為被動關系。

　[佳句背誦]
①(增分要點句)For another, spending too much time on entertainment will only keep us away from our studies.
②(增分要點句)(2015·四川高考書面表達)And you also should keep it in mind that comparing notes with your classmates frequently is a good way to improve your study.

本單元語篇話題與新課程主題語境“人與社會”中的“科學精神”子話題相對應
一、話題語素積累多一點
話題詞匯記一記
子話題(一)　科學研究
溫故淺易詞匯
①study　?、趕olve　　③puzzle
④observe ⑤discover ⑥achieve
⑦cause ⑧cure ⑨t(yī)heory
⑩progress ?award ?guess
識記生疏詞匯
①establishment n．建立?、趏rganize vt.組織
③inspiration n．靈感 ④reduce vt.減少
⑤design vt.設計 ⑥development n．發(fā)展
⑦invent vt.發(fā)明 ⑧undertake vt.承擔；負責
⑨honour n．榮譽 ⑩control vt.控制

子話題(二)　科學家品質與智力
溫故淺易詞匯
①determined　?、趆ard-working?、踚ntelligence ④talented ⑤outstanding ⑥grateful ⑦mercy ⑧kind ⑨support ⑩devoted ?courage ?curious
識記生疏詞匯
①potential adj.潛在的　　②creative adj.創(chuàng)造性的
③virtue n．美德；品行 ④dignity n．尊貴；高尚
⑤generous adj.慷慨大方的 ⑥reliable adj.可信賴的
⑦considerate adj.考慮周到的 ⑧confident adj.自信的
⑨strong-willed adj.意志堅強的 ⑩diligent adj.勤奮的

常用詞塊憶一憶
①make great contributions to　　對……做出突出貢獻
②become involved in 參與……
③in the field of 在……領域
④get over varieties of difficulties 克服各種各樣的困難
⑤play a leading role in 起著重要的作用
⑥achieve one's dream 實現(xiàn)某人的夢想
⑦have made rapid progress in 在某方面取得很大的進步
⑧find a cure for 找到一個治療方法
⑨receive the Nobel Peace Prize 獲得諾貝爾和平獎
⑩face the challenge 面對挑戰(zhàn)
?devote oneself to 致力于
寫作佳句背一背
①It is science and technology that make our life more convenient.
②The little girl is so interested in the physical world that she will no doubt be a great scientist.
③In the last decades, advances in medical technology have made it possible for people to live longer than in the past.
④Owing to his great contribution to agriculture, Yuan Longping will always be remembered as “Father of Hybrid Rice”．
二、話題書面表達亮一點

假定你是李華，請根據(jù)下列表格中的內容提示，為校報的英語園地寫一篇英語短文，介紹你最崇拜的一位中國科學家。
姓名
梁建英
出生年份
1972年
職務
　　中國高鐵總設計師
主要經歷
(1)1995年大學畢業(yè)后開始從事高鐵研究工作
(2)研制出時速300－350千米高速動車組
(3)2015年獲獎

注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2．可以適當增加細節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
參考詞匯：高速動車組high-speed EMU
[寫作4步走]

第一步：句寫對——給詞寫句

award, general designer, invent, thanks to, play a leading role, devote oneself to　　
1．梁建英是中國高鐵總設計師，她出生于1972年。
Liang_Jianying_is_general designer_of_the_China_high-speed_EMU.She_was born_in_1972.
2．梁建英1995年畢業(yè)，一直致力于研究中國高速列車的發(fā)展。
Liang_Jianying_graduated_in_1995.She_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_high-speed_railway.
3．她研制出時速300－350千米高速動車組。
She_invented_the_300－350_km/h_high-speed_EMU.
4．因為她創(chuàng)造性的努力工作，中國在全世界高鐵領域起著重要的作用。
Thanks_to_her_creative_and_hard_work,_China_is_playing_a_leading_role_in_high-speed_railways_all_over_the_world.
5．她在2015年獲獎。
She_was_awarded_in_2015.
第二步：量寫夠——語句擴充
6．第2句后增加“她工作努力，克服了各種各樣的困難”。
She_has_worked_hard_and_got_over_varieties_of_difficulties.
7．第3句增加簡單句“它使人們快速出行便利”。
She_invented_the_300－350_km/h_high-speed_EMU.It_is_convenient_for_people_to_get_around_quickly.
8．第5句增加原因狀語“因為她對我們國家做出的杰出貢獻”。
Because_of_her_outstanding_contributions_to_our_country,_she_was_awarded_in_2015.
9．文章結尾處增加“梁建英給我們樹立了一個好榜樣。從她身上，我意識到我們應當不斷努力直到實現(xiàn)我們的夢想”。
Liang_Jianying_has_set_a_good_example_to_us.From_her,_I_realize_that_we_should_keep_on_trying_until_we_achieve_our_dreams.
第三步：語寫美——詞句升格
1．第1句合并升級為一個定語從句。
Liang_Jianying_who__was_born_in_1972,_is_general_designer_of_the_China_high-speed_EMU.
2．第2句用since引導的時間狀語從句合并升級。
Since_she_graduated_in_1995,_she_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_high-speed_railway.
3．第4句升級為強調句型。
It_is_thanks_to_her_creative_and_hard_work_that_China_is_playing_a_leading_role_in_high-speed_railways_all_over_the_world.
4．第7句用v.-ing形式作結果狀語合并升級。
She_invented_the_300－350_km/h_high-speed_EMU,_making_it_convenient_for_people_to_get_around_quickly.
第四步：篇連順——銜接成文
用as we all know， as a consequence連句成文。
As_we_all_know,_Liang_Jianying_who__was_born_in_1972,_is_general_designer_of_the_China_high-speed_EMU.Since_she_graduated_in_1995,_she_has_been_devoting_all_her_time_to_researching_into_the_development_of_the_China_high-speed_railway.She_has_worked_hard_and_got_over_varieties_of_difficulties.As_a_consequence,_she_invented_the_300－350_km/h_high-speed_EMU,_making_it_convenient_for_people_to_get_around_quickly.It_is_thanks_to_her_creative_and_hard_work_that_China_is_playing_a_leading_role_in_high-speed_railways_all_over_the_world.Because_of_her_outstanding_contributions_to_our_country,_she_was_awarded_in_2015.
Liang_Jianying_has_set_a_good_example_to_us.From_her,_I_realize_that_we_should_keep_on_trying_until_we_achieve_our_dreams.

Ⅰ.單詞拼寫
1．Just as I was wondering what to do next, I saw a familiar figure (人物) passing by our classroom.
2．The city council is taking steps to replace (取代) its street cars with buses.
3．Surgeons have made a great breakthrough (突破) in the kidney transplantation.
4．He published (出版) his first novel when he was eighteen years old.
5．Use a small cushion to help give support (支撐) to the lower back.
6．He let out a long sigh, mainly of relief, partly (部分地) of sadness.
7．On a clear (晴朗的) day you can see the coast.
8．We've always placed quality before quantity (數(shù)量)．
Ⅱ.語境語法填空
1．Wang Gang was born and brought ?up in a remote mountain village, where people mainly earned ?their living by farming.?As a result of lacking advanced farming technique, they lived a hard life.After new farming technique was brought ?in,_their life was getting better and better.
2．Mrs Green ?was_diagnosed (diagnose) with breast cancer, and went to a doctor who was known ?for treating cancers.The doctor carried ?out a series of treatments on her, and told her that the key to ?recovering (recover) rapidly was to have a relaxed mind.Following the doctor's advice, she gradually picked up.
3．?It is clear to everyone that nothing can replace mother's love and care.His mother, who earned her living by selling newspapers, spent a large quantity of money on his ?education (educate)．He became ?an outstanding figure in his field soon after his ?graduation (graduate)．His first book ?was_published (publish) last week. ?In brief, it was his mother's support that contributed to his success.
Ⅲ.語境改錯
文中共有5處錯誤，每句中最多有兩處，請找出并改正。
After Hitler comes to power in Germany, over six million Jews were killed.As a result of, a lot of Jews were forced to escape their homeland.Not until Hitler died did some of them return to Germany.Today we should keep the students informing of the history of this period and help them realize the importance of peace.With peace, we wouldn't be living a harmonious life.
答案：第一句：comes→came
第二句：去掉第一個of; escape后加from
第四句：informing→informed
第五句：With→Without
Ⅳ.根據(jù)提示補全句子
1．建議你與不同性格或背景的人交朋友。(It is＋過去分詞＋that從句)
It_is_suggested_that you should make friends with people having different characters or backgrounds.
2．這完全超出了我的能力。我決心要放棄它。(power)
It is quite beyond_my_power. I'm determined to give it up.
3．孩子們被要求保持教室干凈整潔。(keep＋賓語＋賓語補足語)
Children are requested to keep_the_classroom_clean_and_tidy.
4．今年夏天南方雨下得很大，導致幾個省份嚴重洪災。(分詞短語作結果狀語)
It rained heavily in the south this summer, causing_serious_flooding_in_several_provinces.
Ⅴ.短文填空
(Ⅰ)根據(jù)提示填空
Tu Youyou, ?the_first_Chinese_woman_to_win_the_Nobel_Prize (第一個獲得諾貝爾獎的中國女性) in science, has made us all proud.Tu, born in 1930, ?discovered (discover) artemisinin(青蒿素), a drug that has reduced the death rates for patients who ?were_exposed (expose) to malaria(瘧疾)．Artemisinin is a gift for the world people from the traditional Chinese medicine.
Tu's winning the prize shows that China ?has_made_rapid_progress_in (在某方面取得很大進步) scientific and technological field and marks great ?contributions (contribute) of traditional Chinese medicine to the cause of human health.
After graduation, she ?was_absorbed (absorb) in studying traditional Chinese medicine and wanted to ?find_a_cure_for (找到一個治療方法) malaria.In her study process, though ?defeated (defeat) many times, she never gave up.At last she ?put_forward_many_advanced_theories (提出許多先進的方法) and her discovery made a great contribution to the development of traditional Chinese medicine.
From her, I realize that only if one can do something successfully in life does it ?make_sense (有意義)．
(Ⅱ)片段選詞填空
receive the Nobel Peace Prize， put an end to， break out， become involved in， remain， thanks to， for peace， achievement， strengthen， as well as
Bertha Von Suttner was the first woman to ?receive_the_Nobel_Peace_Prize in 1905 .She met Alfred Nobel, a rich millionaire, by answering his newspaper ad for a secretary. Although she only worked for him for a few weeks, she ?remained good friends with Alfred Nobel for the next 20 years. When she ?_became_involved_in the peace movement in Europe, she promised to keep Nobel informed of its progress. When Alfred Nobel died in 1896, his will included the establishment of a peace prize, ?thanks_to Bertha Von Suttner's influence.
Bertha Von Suttner was born in a rich family, but she spent the second half of her life working ?for_peace. She wrote books, attended peace conferences, gave lectures and helped organize peace societies in Austria, Germany and Hungary, ?_as_well_as the International Peace Bureau in Switzerland.
Bertha Von Suttner worked so hard for peace because she believed that a terrible war would ?break_out in Europe if nations didn't work hard to establish lasting peace institutions. She made many major ?achievements for a more peaceful world, but two months after she died, World War Ⅰ broke out. But like Bertha Von Suttner did, many today are working hard around the world to help ?strengthen peace institutions and spread the idea that it's time to put_an_end_to war.

一、復現(xiàn)單元考點——增強備考信心
Ⅰ.高考中的語法填空
1．(2018·全國卷Ⅲ) But when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly (clear) wasn't intended for him, he did something special.
2．(2018·江蘇高考) To make matters worse, Moth was diagnosed with a serious disease.
3．(2017·北京高考)More recently, the foundation began another campaign called National Red Scarf Day — a day when people donate ＄20 and wear red scarves in support of Canada's hungry and homeless.
4．(2017·北京高考) Several days later, when the video was played on the graduation (graduate) ceremony, it was well received.
5．(2017·天津高考) Explain your frustrations calmly and sensibly — see it as an opportunity to clear up any difficulties you may have with this person.
6．(2016·北京高考)When condors eat dead bodies of other animals containing lead, they absorb large quantities (quantity) of lead.
7．(2016·江蘇高考) It makes no difference from ordinary voting events, in which candidates go around to seek supports (support).
8．(2011·山東高考)The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and relationship problems.
Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空
(選用clear, escape, in support of填空)
1．(2018·全國卷Ⅰ完形填空) Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this job was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it __49__ that our credits would be hard-earned._clear
2．(2017·天津高考完形填空) My goal was to lose 150 pounds in one year and raise ＄50,000 __25__ a movement founded 30 years ago to end hunger.in_support_of
3．(2013·湖北高考完形填空) His heart beat wildly, and without thinking he started to run and luckily __41__ the cat's paws (爪子)．escaped
二、復現(xiàn)話題詞匯——提高閱讀準度
新高考下的命題新視角：科學精神是一個國家繁榮富強、一個民族進步必不可少的精神。習近平在全國政協(xié)會議上強調“要在全社會弘揚科學精神，要有求真務實的科學態(tài)度和只爭朝夕的奮斗精神”。科學精神是科學發(fā)展觀的靈魂，帶領我們一步步走向勝利?？茖W精神相關話題的題目也一直是高考中的熱點，建議考生多多關注與此相關的材料。
[話題感悟]
學習目標 ——語篇復現(xiàn)詞匯，活學活用記憶更深
( 加藍詞匯為本單元話題詞匯，讀文時請揣摩其用法)
[1]What's the most important thing in life?
[2]People's answers vary greatly. For British scientist Robert Edwards，the answer is having a child.“Nothing is more special than a child，” he told the BBC.
[3]Edwards, the inventor of the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)technology — more commonly known as “test-tube (試管) baby” technology — passed away on April 10,2013 at the age of 87.
[4]“Edwards changed the lives of millions of ordinary people who now rejoice (高興) in the gift of their own child，” said Peter Braude, a professor at King's College London. “He leaves the world a much better place.”
[5]Edwards started his experiments as early as the 1950s，when he had just finished his PhD in genetics. At that time，much of the public viewed test-tube babies as “scary”， according to Mark Sauer, a professor at Columbia University, US.
[6]Edwards and his colleague Patrick Steptoe faced opposition from churches, governments and media, not to mention attacks from many of their fellow scientists. “People said that we should not play God and we should not interfere with nature，” Edwards once told Times. He said that he felt “quite alone” at the time.
[7]“But Edwards was a fighter, and he believed in what he was doing，” said Sauer. Without support from the government, the two struggled to raise funds to carry on. And in 1968 they finally developed a method to successfully fertilize human eggs outside the body.
[8]The first test-tube baby was born on July 25,1978.Her name was Louise Brown. Despite people's safety concerns，Brown was just as healthy as other children.
[9]“IVF had moved from vision to reality and a new era in medicine had begun，” BBC commented.
[10]Ever since then, public opinion has evolved considerably. Couples who were unable to have babies began thronging (涌向) to Edwards' clinic. Nowadays, Reuters reports, some 4.3 million other “test-tube” children exist. Edwards received a Nobel Prize in 2010 and was knighted (封為爵士) by Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ the following year.
[11]Before his death, Edwards was still in touch with Louise. “He is like a granddad to me，” she said in an interview with the Daily Mail.
[12]He is a granddad to millions, in fact.
語篇解讀：本文介紹了IVF技術的發(fā)明者英國科學家Robert Edwards。
1．What's the article mainly about?
A．The first test-tube baby.
B．A new era in medicine.
C．The inventor of IVF technology.
D．The changes IVF technology has brought.
解析：選C　主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Edwards，the inventor of the In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) technology”及下文內容可知文章主要講的是IVF技術的發(fā)明者。故選C。
2．The writer quoted Peter Braude to ________.
A．show how difficult it was for Edwards to do his work
B．describe what kind of person Edwards was
C．explain why he is loved by all children
D．comment on his achievement
解析：選D　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段內容可知，Edwards改變了數(shù)百萬普通人的生活，這些人因擁有了自己的孩子而高興不已，他讓這個世界更美好。由此可知引用的話是對Edwards成就的高度評價。故選D。
3．The underlined word “opposition” in Paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to “________”．
A．attack　　　　　　　 B．support
C．test D．influence
解析：選A　詞義猜測題。第六段第一句“Edwards and his colleague Patrick Steptoe faced opposition from churches, governments and media，not to mention attacks from many of their fellow scientists.”提到了同事的攻擊(attacks)，說明opposition的意思和“攻擊”(attack)是相似的。故選A。
4．What is the correct order of events in Edwards' life?
a．He received a Nobel Prize.
b．He struggled to raise funds.
c．The first test-tube baby was born.
d．He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ.
e．He succeeded in fertilizing human eggs outside body.
f．He started his experiments on IVF technology.
A．f－e－b－c－a－d B．f－b－e－c－d－a
C．f－b－e－c－a－d D．f－e－d－a－c－b
解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)短文的時間線索可知先是f開始實驗，然后b籌集資金，然后e成功，然后c第一個試管嬰兒出現(xiàn)，然后a得到諾貝爾獎，最后d受嘉獎，故選C。
學習目標 ——題后把脈規(guī)律，練后得法理解更透
詞義猜測技法(2)——根據(jù)并列關系猜測詞義
當被考查的詞或短語所在句有and, or, not only ... but also ..., as well as, both ...and ..., neither ...nor ...等并列連詞，或有短語not to mention時，其連接的兩項內容在意義上是一致或接近的，由此可推出該生詞或短語的意思。
以上文第3題為例：

A
(2019·長春外國語學校模擬)Saturn's icy moon Enceladus could theoretically be home to methane-producing (產甲烷的) alien life, NASA said. Researchers made the announcement based on data from 2015, when the spacecraft Cassini detected the presence of hydrogen during a flight through a cloud of gas and ice erupting from Enceladus' south pole. The hydrogen could be a sign of methanogenesis, a form of breath in which microbes (微生物) produce methane.
“This is a very significant finding because the hydrogen could be a potential source of chemical energy for any microbes that might be in Enceladus' ocean，” Linda Spilker, a scientist at NASA's Jet Propulsion Labor-atory, said at a press conference. “We now know that Enceladus has almost all of the ingredients you would need to support life as we know it on Earth.” The findings were published in the journal Science.
“This is the closest we've come, so far, to identifying a place with some of the ingredients needed for a habitable environment，” Thomas Zurbuchen, associate administrator for NASA's Science Mission Directorate, said in a statement. “These results demonstrate the nature of NASA's science missions that are getting us closer to answering whether we are indeed alone or not.”
NASA also announced that the Hubble Space Telescope observed what may have been water vapor emerging from the surface of Jupiter's moon Europa in 2014, and again around the same area in 2016.
Confirming the existence of Europa's gas would allow researchers to study that moon's chemical makeup without having to dig through miles of icy crust (表面). The Cassini and Hubble discoveries related to these “ocean worlds” will help scientists plan NASA's Europa Clipper mission, set to launch in the 2020s. The plan is for the unmanned spacecraft to orbit Jupiter and perform a detailed investigation of Europa.
“These discoveries are coming just at the perfect time，” Jim Green, director of NASA's Planetary Science Division, said. “It enables us to make the right set of observations that can tell us much more about these ocean worlds, Europa in particular.”
語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。飛船在土衛(wèi)二探測到氣體，表明土衛(wèi)二可能存在外星生命。
1．The new discovery made the scientists feel more ________.
A．confident B．doubtful
C．worried D．confused
解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“This is a very significant finding”，第三段中的“This is the closest we've come”及最后一段中的“These discoveries are coming just at the perfect time”可知，新的發(fā)現(xiàn)讓科學家們對探測外星生命的任務更加有信心。
2．According to the text, NASA's science missions aim to ________.
A．make space travel a reality
B．analyze Jupiter's chemical makeup
C．find out whether life exists outside Earth
D．explore the resources on Saturn's icy moon
解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。由第三段中的“These results demonstrate the nature of NASA's science missions that are getting us closer to answering whether we are indeed alone or not.”可知，NASA科學任務的本質是弄清是否只有地球上存在生命。
3．Which would be a suitable title for the text?
A．There is life outside Earth
B．Enceladus could harbor alien life
C．A new study about Saturn begins
D．NASA is planning a landing on Jupiter
解析：選B　標題歸納題。本文重點在于告訴我們最近發(fā)現(xiàn)土衛(wèi)二南極有氫氣，這個跡象可能是外星生命存在的證明。故B項最適合作文章標題。
B
Illegally traded endangered species that escape, forming secondary populations, offer hope to their long-term survival, a study suggests.“This first came to my attention when I read a news story about the seizure of an illegal shipment of 23 yellow-crested cockatoos (小葵花鳳頭鸚鵡)，” said Luke Gibson, a college teacher.He learned that the species was critically endangered, which surprised him.
This encouraged Dr. Gibson and his colleague to investigate how a critically endangered species had become self-sustaining outside of its natural range.They discovered 49 cases of a globally threatened species becoming established as a separate population, including the yellow-crested cockatoo in their city.
“This is a species which is primarily threatened by wildlife trade，” he told BBC News.“Poachers go out into the forest in its native range in eastern Indonesia and capture the birds and then ship them off, usually up to our city where there is a strong demand for pet birds.This is what has fueled the decline of this species in its native range. But it's really interesting because that same cause also had another effect: some of the people who were keeping this species here accidentally or intentionally released them.” As a result of enough of the birds being set free, it allowed a new self-sustaining population to be established in this city.
The government of Dr.Gibson's city has made it illegal to capture the species, even though it is a non-native species.Because the city is affluent and relatively well educated, the cases of people breaking the law are extremely rare, explained Dr.Gibson.Unlike in its native range in Indonesia where capturing birds forms a major source of income.
However, there can be downsides (缺點) to the newly established population of endangered species, such as a limited genetic pool, and suffering from novel diseases.It did also present a possible “very interesting” opportunity for conservationists, Dr.Gibson suggested.This would involve “harvesting” some of the newly established secondary population, which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss.
語篇解讀：本文是一篇新聞報道。瀕臨滅絕的小葵花鳳頭鸚鵡遭非法交易，但幸運地被飼養(yǎng)這一物種的一些人釋放，因此得以生存繁衍，形成次生種群，這也為自然環(huán)境保護主義者提供了一種緩解生物多樣性喪失的途徑。
4．What was beyond Gibson's expectations according to the first paragraph?
A．The high rate of wildlife trade.
B．The preciousness of the birds.
C．The fact that the birds nearly disappear.
D．The news that the birds were poached.
解析：選C　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“He learned that the species was critically endangered, which surprised him.”可知，盧克·吉布森博士因獲知小葵花鳳頭鸚鵡是嚴重瀕危物種而感到驚訝。
5．What happened unexpectedly when the birds were shipped abroad?
A．They formed a separate population.
B．They were kept as pet birds.
C．They were traded illegally.
D．They were killed for research.
解析：選A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“But it's really interesting ... a new self-sustaining ...”可知，這些海運過來的鸚鵡被一些養(yǎng)鳥人釋放了，最終使得它們形成一個新的自給自足的獨立的群體，故選A。
6．Which can replace the underlined word “affluent”？
A．Peace-loving.　　　　　 B．Rich.
C．Free. D．Environment-friendly.
解析：選B　詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞后的“and relatively well educated, the cases of people breaking the law are extremely rare”及“Unlike in its native range in Indonesia where capturing birds forms a major source of income.”可知，畫線詞意為“富裕的”。故選B。
7．For what purpose did the author write the passage?
A．To appeal to everyone to stop the wildlife trade.
B．To explain the challenge the wild birds are facing.
C．To introduce a creative approach to wildlife conservation.
D．To raise people's awareness of protecting endangered species.
解析：選C　寫作意圖題。根據(jù)文章內容尤其是第一段的“Illegally traded endangered species that escape, forming secondary populations, offer hope to their long-term survival, a study suggests.”及最后一段的“It did also present a possible ‘very interesting’ opportunity for conservationists ...which may provide a way to help slow global biodiversity loss.”可知，瀕臨滅絕的小葵花鳳頭鸚鵡由于社會環(huán)境的干預，形成了次生種群，而這可能會為保護野生動物提供一種創(chuàng)造性的方法。