(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí)

Ⅰ.閱讀單詞——————知其意
1．random adj. 　　　　　　　 胡亂的；任意的
2．fuel n. 燃料
3．per prep. 每；每一
[縱聯(lián)1] 資料；數(shù)據(jù)
5．trend n. 趨勢(shì)；傾向；走向
6．catastrophe n. 大災(zāi)難；浩劫
[縱聯(lián)2] 洪水；水災(zāi)
8．outer adj. 外部的；外面的
[縱聯(lián)3] 圖表；坐標(biāo)圖；曲線圖
10．motor n. 發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)
11．can n. 容器；罐頭
[縱聯(lián)4] 微波爐；微波
13．nuclear adj. 核的；核能的；原子核的
Ⅱ.重點(diǎn)單詞——————寫(xiě)其形
1．a(chǎn)dvocate vt. 擁護(hù)；提倡；主張
2．phenomenon n. 現(xiàn)象
3．quantity n. 量；數(shù)量
4．mild adj. 溫和的；溫柔的；淡的
5．range n. 種類(lèi)；范圍
6．glance vi. 看一下；掃視
n. 一瞥
7．a(chǎn)verage adj. 平均的
8．widespread adj. 分布廣的；普遍的
9．commitment n. 承諾；交托；信奉
10．casual adj. 隨便的；漫不經(jīng)心的；偶然的
11．circumstance n. 環(huán)境；情況
12．refresh vt. 使恢復(fù)；使振作
13．presentation n. 顯示；演出
Ⅲ.拓展單詞——————通其變
1．consume vt.消費(fèi)；消耗；耗盡；吃完→consumer n．顧客；消費(fèi)者→consumption n．消費(fèi)
2．subscribe vi.同意；捐贈(zèng)；訂閱vt.簽署(文件)；捐助→subscription n．同意；捐贈(zèng)；訂閱；簽署
3．tend vi.趨向；易于；照顧vt.照顧；護(hù)理→tendency n．傾向；趨勢(shì)
4．oppose vt.反對(duì)；反抗；與(某人)較量→opposed adj.反對(duì)的；對(duì)立的
5．consequence n．結(jié)果；后果；影響→consequent adj.隨之發(fā)生的；作為結(jié)果的→consequently adv.因此；所以
6．state vt.陳述；說(shuō)明→statement n．說(shuō)明；說(shuō)法；表白
7．steady adj.平穩(wěn)的；持續(xù)的；穩(wěn)固的→steadily adv.平穩(wěn)地；持續(xù)地
8．economical adj.節(jié)約的；經(jīng)濟(jì)的→economic adj.經(jīng)濟(jì)的→economy n．經(jīng)濟(jì)；節(jié)約
9．existence n．生存；存在→exist vi.存在→existing adj.目前的；現(xiàn)在的
10．pollution n．污染；弄臟→pollute vt.污染→polluted adj.被污染的
11．growth n．增長(zhǎng)；生長(zhǎng)→grow v．種植；生長(zhǎng)；發(fā)展
12．electrical adj.電的；與電有關(guān)的→electricity n．電；電力→electric adj.電的；電動(dòng)的→electronic adj.電子的 [縱聯(lián)5]
13．educator n．教育工作者；教育家→educate v．教育；培養(yǎng)→education n．教育；培養(yǎng)
14．contribution n．貢獻(xiàn)；捐助→contribute v．貢獻(xiàn)；撰稿；捐助；捐贈(zèng)
15．environmental adj.環(huán)境的→environment n．環(huán)境
16．disagreement n．分歧；不一致→disagree v．不同意→agree v．同意；贊成→agreement n．同意；贊成；一致

縱聯(lián)1.特別“不規(guī)則”的名詞復(fù)數(shù)小結(jié)
①datum→data　　　　　　　　　 數(shù)據(jù)
②medium→media 媒體
③bacterium→bacteria 細(xì)菌
④criterion→criteria 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
⑤phenomenon→phenomena 現(xiàn)象
⑥crisis→crises 危機(jī)
縱聯(lián)2.多“災(zāi)”多“難”
①flood水災(zāi)　　　　　　　　　 ②drought旱災(zāi)
③disaster災(zāi)難 ④catastrophe大災(zāi)難
⑤earthquake地震 ⑥tsunami海嘯
縱聯(lián)3.這些“表格”要分清
①graph圖表；曲線圖 ②diagram圖解；圖表
③table表格；一覽表 ④form表格
⑤chart表格；圖表
縱聯(lián)4.前綴micro-名詞家族
①microwave微波爐；微波 ②microscope顯微鏡
③microphone麥克風(fēng)；話筒 ④microcomputer微機(jī)
縱聯(lián)5.小心觸“電”
①electrical adj.電的；與電有關(guān)的 ②electricity n．電；電力
③electric adj.電的；電動(dòng)的 ④electronic adj.電子的
⑤electrics n．電路 ⑥electrician n．電工；電學(xué)家

單元話題——環(huán)境保護(hù)
子話題1　人類(lèi)發(fā)展
①resident n. 　　 　　　　 　　　 居民
②habitant n. 居民；居住者
③immigrant n. 移民
④migration n. 遷移；移居
⑤ageing n．& adj. 老齡化；變老的
⑥decrease vi. 減少
⑦decline vi. 降低；下降
⑧settle in 遷入；安頓下來(lái)
⑨birth/death rate 出生/死亡率
⑩floating population 流動(dòng)人口
?population density 人口密度
?universal two-child policy 全面二孩政策
子話題2　環(huán)境污染與保護(hù)
①atmosphere n. 大氣
②waste n. 廢料；垃圾
③radiation n. 放射；放射物
④emission n. 排放
⑤recycle vt. 回收；循環(huán)利用
⑥r(nóng)eplace/substitute vt. 取代
⑦environmentally friendly adj. 環(huán)保的
⑧soil erosion 水土流失
⑨alternative energy 替代能源
⑩solar energy/power 太陽(yáng)能
?nuclear energy/power 核能
?be/live in harmony with 與……和諧共處
?bring ...under control 把……控制住
?be/become aware of 意識(shí)到
?raise the awareness of 提高……意識(shí)
?live a low carbon life 過(guò)低碳生活
[學(xué)考對(duì)接·活學(xué)活用]
高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的詞匯應(yīng)用
1．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀D)We may think we're a culture that gets rid of our worn technology at the first sight of something shiny and new, but a new study shows that we keep using our old devices (裝置) well after they go out of style. That's bad news for the environment? — and our wallets — as these outdated devices consume? much more energy than the newer ones that do the same things.
①寫(xiě)出environment在本單元的同根形容詞：environmental
②選出加彩詞在句中的含義：__B__
A．消費(fèi)　　　　　B．消耗　　　　　C．吃完
2．(2015·天津高考閱讀C)In the library, I found my way into the“Children's Room”. I sat down on the floor and pulled a few books off the shelf 　?　 random. The cover of a book caught my eye. It presented? a picture of a beagle. I had recently had a beagle, the first and only animal companion I ever had as a child. He was my secret sharer, but one morning, he was gone, given away to someone who had the space and the money to care for him. I never forgot my beagle.
①在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~：at，與random搭配意為隨意地
②present在此處意為“呈現(xiàn)”，寫(xiě)出它在本單元的同根名詞：presentation
3．(2014·廣東高考閱讀D)As the result of his work, Ebbesmeyer has become known as the scientist to call with questions about any unusual objects found floating in the ocean. He has even started an association of beachcombers and ocean experts, with 500 subscribers? from West Africa to New Zealand. They have recorded all lost objects 　?　 (range) from potatoes to golf gloves.
①選出加彩詞在句中的意思：__C__
A．訂閱者　B．捐款人　C．提供幫助的人
②用range的適當(dāng)形式填空：ranging
高考采擷(二)　寫(xiě)作中的詞匯應(yīng)用
(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)及提示詞補(bǔ)全句子)
1．(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書(shū)面表達(dá))作為學(xué)生，我們也能為環(huán)境保護(hù)作出貢獻(xiàn)。(contribute, environmental)
As students, we can_also_contribute_to_the_environmental_protection.
2．(2013·遼寧高考書(shū)面表達(dá))除了這些傳統(tǒng)的活動(dòng)外，我們還有很多的選擇，比如旅游、拜訪親戚或朋友。(range)
In addition to these traditional activities, we_have_a_wide_range_of_choices such as travelling and visiting our relatives or friends.
3．(2018·江蘇高考書(shū)面表達(dá))無(wú)論買(mǎi)什么東西，我傾向于查閱消費(fèi)排名。(tend, consumption)
I tend_to_consult_consumption_ratings whatever I purchase.
(二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑
1．quantity n．量；數(shù)量
[記牢]
a large/small quantity of　　　　　 大/少量的
(large) quantities of 大量的
in quantity/in large quantities 大量
[練通]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①A large quantity of tools was (be) sold in the market yesterday.
②Large quantities of rain are (be) needed in this area.
單句改錯(cuò)
③He wants to buy the books in a quantity, so the storekeeper will not charge him much.去掉a
[用準(zhǔn)]　含quantity的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與quantity的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。
[寫(xiě)美]　補(bǔ)全句子
④(2018·天津高考書(shū)面表達(dá))我知道你曾經(jīng)參加過(guò)機(jī)器人大賽，并且獲了獎(jiǎng)，因此你肯定積累了大量的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
I know you once participated in the Robotics Competition and won the award, so you must_have_accumulated_a_large_quantity_of/large_quantities_of_experience.
2．oppose vt.反對(duì)；反抗；與(某人)較量
[記牢]
(1)oppose sth./doing sth.　　　 反對(duì)(做)某事
oppose sb./sb.'s doing sth. 反對(duì)某人/某人做某事
(2)opposed adj. 反對(duì)的；對(duì)立的
be opposed to 反對(duì)……；與……對(duì)立
[練通]　單句語(yǔ)法填空
①The mayor is strongly opposed to building (build) a new hall, which may cost a lot of money.
②Her parents opposed her (she) going abroad.
③Many educators strongly oppose protecting (protect) children too much.
[用準(zhǔn)]　oppose后面可跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，不可接動(dòng)詞不定式。be opposed to結(jié)構(gòu)中，to為介詞，其后跟動(dòng)詞時(shí)，也要用動(dòng)名詞形式。
[寫(xiě)美]　補(bǔ)全句子
④現(xiàn)在，越來(lái)越多的英文單詞進(jìn)入到漢語(yǔ)中，有些人支持，然而有些人反對(duì)。
Today, more and more English words find their way into the Chinese language. Some_people_support_it_while_others_oppose.
3．consequence n．結(jié)果；后果；影響
[記牢]
(1)as a consequence　　　　　　　　　 因此；結(jié)果
as a consequence of＝in consequence of 由于……的緣故
in consequence＝consequently 因此；結(jié)果
(2)consequent adj. 隨之發(fā)生的；作為結(jié)果的
[練通]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Consequently (consequent), she understood it and became interested in traditional Chinese culture.
②The warming of the Earth and the consequent (consequence) climatic changes affect us all.
補(bǔ)全句子
③Ten years ago, thousands of people lost their lives as_a_consequence_of/in_consequence_of the big earthquake.
十年前，成千上萬(wàn)的人因那場(chǎng)大地震而失去了生命。
[寫(xiě)美]　升級(jí)句中加彩短語(yǔ)
④As a result, children become so reliant on their parents that they have no independent thought or creative ideas.As_a_consequence
4．range n．種類(lèi)；范圍；幅度；界限v.(在一定范圍內(nèi))變動(dòng)；變化；排列
[記牢]
(1)a wide range of　　　　　　　 一系列……
within/in the range of 在……范圍內(nèi)
beyond one's range 某人能力達(dá)不到的
(2)range from ... to ... 在……范圍內(nèi)變動(dòng)
[練通]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2017·北京高考)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ranging (range) from butterflies to elephants.
②When driving on highways, the driver must control his or her speed within/in the range of speed-limiting.
補(bǔ)全句子
③The price of the house is so high that it is well beyond_our_range.
這棟房子的價(jià)格太高了，遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了我們能承受的范圍。
[寫(xiě)美]　翻譯句子
④(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書(shū)面表達(dá))球隊(duì)將舉行一系列的活動(dòng)，包含各種訓(xùn)練和比賽。
The_team_will_hold_a_wide_range_of_activities,_including_various_training_and_matches._
5．a(chǎn)verage adj.平均的；普通的；正(平)常的n.平均數(shù)；平均水平；一般水準(zhǔn)v.平均為；計(jì)算出……的平均數(shù)
[辨清]　寫(xiě)出下列句中average的詞性及含義
①The average age of the boys in this class is fifteen.adj.平均的
②It's said that the newspaper office receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day.n.平均數(shù)
③There was nothing special about the film — it was only average.adj.普通的
④The hotel averages 50 to 100 foreign guests daily.vt.平均為
[記牢]
(1)an average of　　　　　　　 平均有
(2)on average 平均起來(lái)
above average 在平均水平以上
below average 在平均水平以下
up to average 達(dá)到平均水平
(3)average out 算出平均數(shù)
[練通]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
⑤(2016·四川高考)The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men.
⑥With the teacher's help, they succeeded in averaging out the numbers and got the result 7.
補(bǔ)全句子
⑦There were 90 students getting full marks in the exam, an_average_of 18 students in each class. Tom's was above_average while John's was below_average.
在這次考試中有90個(gè)同學(xué)得到了滿(mǎn)分，每個(gè)班級(jí)平均有18人。湯姆的成績(jī)?cè)谄骄街希s翰的成績(jī)?cè)谄骄街隆?br /> [寫(xiě)美]　翻譯句子
⑧(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書(shū)面表達(dá))所有學(xué)生每周有兩節(jié)體育課，每天平均跑20分鐘。
All_students_have_two_PE_classes_a_week_and_run_for_an_average_of_20_minutes_every_day.
6．circumstance n．環(huán)境；情況
[記牢]
under/in the circumstances　 在此情況下
under/in no circumstances 決不；無(wú)論如何都不(位于句首時(shí)，句子要用部
分倒裝)
[練通]　補(bǔ)全句子
①I(mǎi)t might not be a perfect solution, but it's the best I can do under/in_the_circumstances.
這也許不是一個(gè)完美的解決辦法，但這是在此情況下我能做得最好的。
②Under no circumstances did_I_expect that I would meet so many problems when I decided to take the job.
當(dāng)我決定接受這份工作時(shí)，我完全沒(méi)有料到會(huì)遇到這么多問(wèn)題。
[寫(xiě)美]　翻譯句子
③另外，懲罰絕不是一種幫助他們身心成長(zhǎng)的明智的選擇。
Furthermore，under/in no circumstances is punishment a wise choice to help　them grow up mentally and physically.
[詞匯過(guò)關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　 　
Ⅰ.單詞拼寫(xiě)
1．Graphs (圖表) can be a very useful tool for conveying information, especially numbers, percentages, and other data (數(shù)據(jù)).
2．The sentence suggests a common phenomenon (現(xiàn)象): many teenagers care more about their phones than their friends nowadays.
3．If you are serious about our relationship, you should make a commitment (承諾)．
4．Many people advocate (主張) building more hospitals here.
5．A cool drink refreshed (使恢復(fù)) me after my long walk.
6．Robert's contributions (貢獻(xiàn)) to the company should also be remembered.
7．There was apparent disagreement (不一致) between their stories.
8．I have subscribed (訂閱) to China Daily for several years.
9．Wherever you go, you can find this kind of widespread (分布廣的) plant.
10．Barbara is in her late forties and has a tendency (傾向) to complain about what she doesn't feel content with.
Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空
1．In response to the appeal, I have made some changes in my way of life, which ranges (range) from transportation to water saving.
2．Many citizens are opposed to pulling (pull) down the old building, because it dates back to the 16th century.
3．The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the world's highest plateau, averaging (average) over 4,000 metres above sea level.
4．We should make teenagers realize the risk and consequence (consequent) of taking drugs by putting more safety education into textbooks.
5．In order to keep rivers and lakes clean and prevent water from being_polluted (pollute), we must do something to protect them.
6．Under these circumstances (circumstance), what matters most is not only our persistence but also our attitudes.
7．In the first place, vehicles send large quantities of poisonous gases which are (be) a major source of air pollution.
8．“What's in those books you're always reading？” he asked casually (casual)．
9．People under stress tend to_develop (develop) their full range of potential.
10．In spite of this, the number of people having mobile phones is increasing steadily (steady)．
Ⅲ.單句改錯(cuò)
1．Opposed the plan of raising prices, the public decided to go on strike on Sunday. Opposed→Opposing或Opposed后加to
2．For average, students in Senior One spend 7 hours per week reading. For→On
3．As consequence of human activities like cutting down bamboos, the pandas are lacking of food source. As后加a或As→In
4．I went on a diet when my doctor told me that my blood pressure tends to be high. tends→tended
5．You may experience mildly discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly. mildly→mild
6．At present, a large quantity of food and water are needed in the earthquake-stricken area. are→is
7．As we all know, games play a very important role in the grow of children. grow→growth
8．No one knows when such a custom came into existences. existences→existence
Ⅳ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子
1．我的老師總是提醒我，一旦設(shè)定了學(xué)習(xí)目標(biāo)，在任何情況下都不應(yīng)該放棄。(circumstance)
My teacher always reminds me that_under_no_circumstances_should_I_abandon my learning goals once I set them.
2．她努力學(xué)習(xí)，結(jié)果通過(guò)了考試。(consequence)
She studied hard, and as_a_consequence_she_passed_the_examination.
3．我們站在山頂上，體育館正好在我們看得見(jiàn)的地方。(range)
We stood on the top of the mountain and the stadium was just within/in_our_range_of_vision.
4．已經(jīng)募集了大量的錢(qián)來(lái)幫助那些遭受水災(zāi)的人們。(quantity)
A large quantity of money has_been_collected/raised to help those suffering from the floods.

(一)課前自主學(xué)習(xí)

1．come_about　　　　　　　　　 發(fā)生；造成
2．subscribe_to 同意；贊成；訂購(gòu)
3．quantities_of 大量的
4．go_up 上升；增長(zhǎng)；升起
[串記1] 導(dǎo)致
[串記2] 反對(duì)……
7．keep_on 繼續(xù)
8．on_the_whole 大體上；基本上
9．on_behalf_of 代表……一方；作為……的代言人
[串記3] 忍受；容忍
11．so_long_as 只要
12．a(chǎn)nd_so_on 等等
13．make_a_difference 有影響
[同根短語(yǔ)串記](méi)
串記1.“引起；造成；導(dǎo)致”短語(yǔ)合集
①result in 導(dǎo)致
②lead to 導(dǎo)致；造成
③contribute to 促成；有助于
④give rise to 引起；引發(fā)；使發(fā)生
⑤bring about 引起；導(dǎo)致
串記2.“be＋v.-ed＋to”短語(yǔ)薈萃
①be opposed to反對(duì)…… ②be attached to附屬于
③be accustomed to習(xí)慣于 ④be addicted to沉溺于
⑤be devoted to致力于 ⑥be sentenced to被判處
串記3.“動(dòng)詞＋up with”短語(yǔ)集錦
①put up with忍受；容忍 ②catch up with跟上
③end up with以……結(jié)束 ④come up with提出
⑤keep up with跟上 ⑥be fed up with受夠了

1．global warming　　　　　　　　 全球變暖
2．natural phenomenon 自然現(xiàn)象
3．greenhouse gases 溫室氣體
4．greenhouse_effect 溫室效應(yīng)
5．make accurate measurements of 對(duì)……做精確的測(cè)量
6．a(chǎn)s low as 低到……
7．a(chǎn)s high_as 高達(dá)……
8．have a commitment 承擔(dān)義務(wù)
9．recycled materials 可回收材料
10．be economical with energy 節(jié)約能源

1．There_is_no_doubt_that the earth is becoming warmer and that it is human activity that has caused this global warming ...
毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，地球在變暖。而全球變暖正是人類(lèi)活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致的……
2．They also agree that it_is the burning of more and more fossil fuels that has resulted in this increase in carbon dioxide.
他們還贊同下述觀點(diǎn)：正是燃燒越來(lái)越多的化石燃料導(dǎo)致了二氧化碳的增加。
3．Even_if_we_start_reducing the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases, the climate is going to keep on warming for decades or centuries.
即使我們開(kāi)始減少二氧化碳和其他溫室氣體的含量，在(未來(lái))幾十年或幾個(gè)世紀(jì)內(nèi)，氣候仍會(huì)持續(xù)轉(zhuǎn)暖。
4．As I'm not sure where_to_start_with_my_project,_I would appreciate any suggestions you may have.
由于我不清楚我該從哪里著手開(kāi)始我的研究，如能得到你們的建議我將十分感激。
5．It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on_so_long_as you are using it — if_not,_turn it off!
只要你在使用電器設(shè)備，你可以讓它開(kāi)著——如果不用，就把它關(guān)掉！
[學(xué)考對(duì)接·活學(xué)活用]
高考采擷(一)　閱讀中的短語(yǔ)
選詞填空(result in, and so on)
1．(2014·湖北高考閱讀A)Before I had my son, I spent two years working with children with disabilities. I learned that shouting and threats of punishment would result_in a disaster.
2．(2011·全國(guó)卷閱讀A)Of course, he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and_so_on.
高考采擷(二)　寫(xiě)作中的短語(yǔ)和句式(補(bǔ)全/翻譯句子)
1．(2016·天津高考書(shū)面表達(dá))時(shí)光飛馳！兩周過(guò)去了，我們的交流活動(dòng)結(jié)束了。代表我的學(xué)校，我想表達(dá)一下我的感受。
How time flies! Two weeks went by, and our exchange activities ended. On_behalf_of_my school, I would like to express my feelings.
2．(2018·北京高考書(shū)面表達(dá))毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)你應(yīng)當(dāng)多練習(xí)說(shuō)中文。(There is no doubt that …)
There_is_no_doubt_that_you_should_practice_speaking_Chinese_more._
3．(2015·福建高考書(shū)面表達(dá))重要的并不是故事本身而是它所反映出來(lái)的東西。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
It_is_not_the_story_itself_but_what_is_reflected_in_the_story_that_counts.
(二)課堂重點(diǎn)釋疑
[短語(yǔ)集釋]
1．come about發(fā)生；造成
[記牢]
come on　　　　　　　　　 快點(diǎn)；加油；得了吧
come to 合計(jì)；達(dá)到；恢復(fù)
come up 走近；上來(lái)；發(fā)生；被提及
come across 邂逅；偶遇
come up with 提出；想出；趕上
come into being 形成；產(chǎn)生
[練通]　介、副詞填空
①I(mǎi)'ll never understand how it came about that you were an hour late on such a short journey.
②When important questions come up,_the members often lose their dignified ways and shout at each other.
③They came up with a practical solution at the meeting.
④How the custom came into being remains a mystery.
[用準(zhǔn)]　come about是不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，不可用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，一般用物作主語(yǔ)。
[寫(xiě)美]　補(bǔ)全句子
⑤讀報(bào)時(shí)，我們常會(huì)遇到像“AIDS”和“PK”這樣的英語(yǔ)單詞。
When we read newspapers, we often come_across_such_English_words_as “AIDS” and “PK”.
2．result in導(dǎo)致
[記牢]
result from　　　　　　　 由……造成；因……而產(chǎn)生
as a result 結(jié)果
as a result of 由于……的結(jié)果
[練通]　對(duì)比填空
第一組
第二組
[用準(zhǔn)]　result in的主語(yǔ)是“起因”，賓語(yǔ)是“結(jié)果”；result from的主語(yǔ)是“結(jié)果”，賓語(yǔ)是“起因”。
[寫(xiě)美]　翻譯句子
⑤(2017·天津高考書(shū)面表達(dá))結(jié)果，我沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間鍛煉。
As_a_result,_I_don't_have_enough_time_to_take_exercise.
3．put up with容忍；忍受
[記牢]
put off　　　 　　　　 延期；推遲
put out 熄滅；撲滅
put up 建造；張貼；供給……住宿；舉起
put aside 節(jié)??；儲(chǔ)蓄；把……放在一邊
put away 收起來(lái)；放好
put forward 提出建議；把……向前撥
[練通]
單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Putting aside his disappointment, he smiled and praised the winner.
②The sports meeting which is to take place this Friday has to be put off_because of the heavy rain these days.
單句改錯(cuò)
③In that case, we will have to learn to put up some of his shortcomings and try to discover his advantages.up后加with
[寫(xiě)美]　補(bǔ)全句子
④(2016·北京高考書(shū)面表達(dá))一條建議被提出，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)回收利用教科書(shū)。
A suggestion has been put forward that we should recycle the textbooks.
[句式集釋]
so/as long as “只要”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句
[教材原句]　It is OK to leave an electrical appliance on so_long_as you are using it — if not, turn it off!
[悟拓展例句]
(1)“Nothing is impossible to a willing heart”， as_long_as_you_have_a_dream,_keep trying and you'll make it, too.
“世上無(wú)難事，只怕有心人”，只要你有夢(mèng)想，并堅(jiān)持嘗試，你也會(huì)成功的。
(2)As long as you keep studying hard, you can improve your maths.
→On_condition_that you keep studying hard, you can improve your maths.
選詞填空(as far as, as well as, as good as)
(3)We as_well_as Tom went to Hainan to spend our holiday.
(4)As_far_as I am concerned, I am strongly against the plan.
(5)A distant relative is not as_good_as a near neighbour.
[析用法規(guī)則]
用法歸納
(1) so/as long as“只要”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句(2)引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句的短語(yǔ)還有：
in case　　　　　　　 如果；萬(wàn)一
on condition that 只要
provided that 如果；條件是
(3)as well as 也；和
(4)as good as 和……一樣好；差不多；幾乎
(5)as far as 就……而言；遠(yuǎn)至
注意事項(xiàng)
as long as 和so long as表示“只要”時(shí)沒(méi)有區(qū)別，可以相互替換；as long as表示“與……一樣長(zhǎng)”時(shí)，多用于肯定句；否定句多用so long as。
[背寫(xiě)作佳句]
(1)(2015·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書(shū)面表達(dá))You can write anything relevant as/so long as/on condition that it's interesting and informative.(要點(diǎn)句)
(2)This proves that as long as we have a strong will, we'll be able to get over any difficulty.(總結(jié)句)
[詞塊、句式過(guò)關(guān)綜合訓(xùn)練]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
Ⅰ.選詞填空
be opposed to， come about， even if， go up， keep on， on behalf of， on the whole， put up with， quantities of， result in， so long as， subscribe to
1．The old Chinese proverb “Don't fail to do good even_if it's small” teaches us how to be a good person in this world.
2．It was their encouragement and my own thinking that resulted_in my slow but steady progress.
3．With the housing price going_up,_more and more people advocate the government take more strict measures to lower property prices.
4．Under my English teacher's patient instruction, I kept_on learning, practising oral English for three months.
5．To get good jobs, they are willing to put_up_with many of the disadvantages of city life such as heavy traffic and pollution.
6．Amy thought it was worthwhile to read English newspapers every day so she subscribed_to the 21st Century.
7．First of all, on_behalf_of all the members of our school, I'd like to express our heartfelt thanks to you and warmly welcome to our school.
8．In my opinion, there is no standard for success. So_long_as we do our best and achieve our goals, then that is success.
9．Up to now, large quantities_of food have been sent to Africa to save the starving people.
10．How did it come_about that he failed the exam?
11．Everyone doesn't agree to the plan. Some support it while I'm one of those who are_opposed_to it.
12．—What do you think about the measures taken to prevent global warming?
—On_the_whole,_they are good.
Ⅱ.根據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子
1．毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，手機(jī)能給我們帶來(lái)許多便利。(doubt)
There_is_no_doubt_that cellphones can bring us much convenience.
2．盡管我們都盡最大的努力去說(shuō)服湯姆，但是他依然拒絕參加這場(chǎng)比賽。(even if)
Tom still refused to join in the game, even_if_we_all_did_our_best_to_persuade_him.
3．只要我們不失去信心，繼續(xù)努力，我們一定能克服困難，實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)。(so long as)
So_long_as_we_don't_lose_heart and keep on trying, we are sure to get over difficulties, and achieve our aims.
4．這里有幾條關(guān)于如何保護(hù)我們環(huán)境的建議。(疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式)
Here are a few suggestions on how_to_protect_our_environment.
5．你等錯(cuò)地方了。長(zhǎng)途公共汽車(chē)是在旅館接游客的。(強(qiáng)調(diào)句)
You're waiting at a wrong place. It_is_at_the_hotel_that the coach picks up tourists.
Ⅲ.分步寫(xiě)作
(2016·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)假定你是李華，你校攝影俱樂(lè)部(photography club)將舉辦國(guó)際中學(xué)生攝影展。請(qǐng)給你的英國(guó)朋友Peter寫(xiě)封信，請(qǐng)他提供作品。信的內(nèi)容包括：
1．主題：環(huán)境保護(hù)；
2．展覽時(shí)間；
3．投稿郵箱：intlphotoshow_@gmschool.com。
注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；
2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
第一步：準(zhǔn)確審題，理行文脈絡(luò)，擬寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)
本文屬于應(yīng)用文中的電子郵件，時(shí)態(tài)以一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)為主，人稱(chēng)以第一、二人稱(chēng)為主。文章可分三個(gè)層次：開(kāi)頭應(yīng)點(diǎn)明學(xué)校攝影俱樂(lè)部將舉辦國(guó)際中學(xué)生攝影展并說(shuō)明其主題。主體部分應(yīng)說(shuō)明展覽的具體細(xì)節(jié)(時(shí)間及投稿郵箱)。此部分內(nèi)容可適當(dāng)增加一些細(xì)節(jié)，以免空洞。結(jié)尾應(yīng)表達(dá)希望。
要點(diǎn)1－①：我們學(xué)校攝影俱樂(lè)部將舉辦國(guó)際中學(xué)生攝影展。
Our_school_photography_club_is_going_to_hold_an_International_High_School_Student_Photography_Show.
要點(diǎn)1－②：展覽的主題是環(huán)境保護(hù)。
The_theme_of_the_show_is_environmental_protection.
要點(diǎn)2－①：它將從6月15日開(kāi)始。
It_will_start_from_June_15th.
要點(diǎn)2－②：歡迎任何人來(lái)參加。
Anyone_is_welcome_to_participate.
要點(diǎn)2－③：我記得你曾經(jīng)給我展示過(guò)一些關(guān)于這個(gè)主題的照片。
I_remember_you_showed_me_some_photos_on_the_theme.
要點(diǎn)2－④：這確實(shí)是個(gè)好機(jī)會(huì)。
This_is_surely_a_good_chance.
要點(diǎn)2－⑤：你可以把照片發(fā)送到intlphotoshow @gmschool.com。
You_can_send_your_photos_to_intlphotoshow_@gmschool.com.
要點(diǎn)3：希望不久收到你的來(lái)信。
Hope_to_hear_from_you_soon.
第二步：添加細(xì)節(jié)，文意更豐滿(mǎn)，表達(dá)更亮眼
為了使內(nèi)容充實(shí)，我們需要對(duì)要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行升級(jí)或適度拓展。如用定語(yǔ)從句合并要點(diǎn)1－①和要點(diǎn)1－②；對(duì)要點(diǎn)2－①可添加并列的謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明展覽的起止時(shí)間；在要點(diǎn)2－②中可使用主語(yǔ)從句升級(jí)；要點(diǎn)2－③中添加時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句；要點(diǎn)2－④中添加動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)；在要點(diǎn)2－⑤中可增加條件狀語(yǔ)從句等。
升級(jí)要點(diǎn)1：用定語(yǔ)從句合并要點(diǎn)1－①和要點(diǎn)1－②。
Our_school_photography_club_is_going_to_hold_an_International_High_School_Student_Photography_Show,_whose_theme_is_environmental_protection.
拓展要點(diǎn)2－①：它將從6月15日開(kāi)始，持續(xù)三周。(last)
It_will_start_from_June_15th_and_last_for_three_weeks.
升級(jí)要點(diǎn)2－②：歡迎任何對(duì)此感興趣的人來(lái)參加(whoever引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句)
Whoever_is_interested_in_it_is_welcome_to_participate.
拓展要點(diǎn)2－③：上次你參觀我們學(xué)校時(shí)，我記得你曾經(jīng)給我展示了一些關(guān)于這個(gè)主題的照片。(the last time時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句)
I_remember_you_showed_me_some_photos_on_the_theme_the_last_time_you_visited_our_school.
拓展要點(diǎn)2－④：這確實(shí)是一個(gè)讓更多人看到它們的好機(jī)會(huì)。(動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語(yǔ))
This_is_surely_a_good_chance_for_more_people_to_see_them.
拓展要點(diǎn)2－⑤：如果你想加入，你可以把照片發(fā)送到intlphotoshow @gmschool.com。(if條件狀語(yǔ)從句)
If_you_want_to_join,_you_can_send_your_photos_to_intlphotoshow@gmschool.com.
第三步：連句成文，排語(yǔ)句順序，重銜接過(guò)渡
本文可采用三段式寫(xiě)作。第一段中可使用應(yīng)用文的點(diǎn)題句型I am writing to tell you that ...引出展覽及主題；第二段中用therefore總結(jié)參加展覽的好處；第三段表達(dá)希望。
Dear_Peter，
I_am_writing_to_tell_you_that_our_school_photography_club_is_going_to_hold_an_International_High_School_Student_Photography_Show,_whose_theme_is_environmental_protection.
It_will_start_from_June_15th_and_last_for_three_weeks.Whoever_is_interested_in_it_is_welcome_to_participate.I_remember_you_showed_me_some_photos_on_the_theme_the_last_time_you_visited_our_school.Therefore,_this_is_surely_a_good_chance_for_more_people_to_see_them.If_you_want_to_join,_you_can_send_your_photos_to_intlphotoshow_@gmschool.com.
Hope_to_hear_from_you_soon.
Yours，
Li_Hua

理清句間結(jié)構(gòu)之(六)　舉例
一般來(lái)說(shuō)，議論文和說(shuō)明文都需要一些例子來(lái)支持作者的論證和說(shuō)明，這些例子往往與作者的說(shuō)明和論述有很大的關(guān)聯(lián)，考綱中明確提出考生需要掌握區(qū)分論點(diǎn)與論據(jù)的能力，因此這也成了考題出處的熱點(diǎn)。要牢記一般文章舉例處的前后句就是與該例子相關(guān)的作者論點(diǎn)，所以在做此類(lèi)題目的時(shí)候就需要追本溯源，尋找觀點(diǎn)，才能保證所選答案的正確率。舉例標(biāo)志性詞匯：for example, for instance, take ...as an example, such as, like等。
[高考典例1]　2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ·D篇
So what's the solution (解決方案)? The team's data only went up to 2007, but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function, such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. They found that more on-demand entertainment viewing on tablets instead of TVs and desktop computers could cut energy consumption by 44%.
Q：Which of the following uses the least energy?
A．The box-set TV.　　　　　B．The tablet.
C．The LCD TV. D．The desktop computer.
[分析]　該段中用such as舉例說(shuō)明在平板電腦上觀看更多的點(diǎn)播娛樂(lè)節(jié)目，而不是看電視和臺(tái)式電腦，可以將能耗降低44%。故選B。
[高考典例2]　2017·天津卷·D篇
I read somewhere that we spend a full third of our lives waiting. But where are we doing all of this waiting, and what does it mean to an impatient society like ours? To understand the issue, let's take a look at three types of “waits”．
The very purest form of waiting is the Watched-Pot Wait. It is without doubt the most annoying of all. Take filling up the kitchen sink (洗碗池) as an example. There is absolutely nothing you can do while this is going on but keep both eyes fixed on the sink until it's full. During these waits, the brain slips away from the body and wanders about until the water runs over the edge of the counter and onto your socks. This kind of wait makes the waiter helpless and mindless.
Q：While doing a Watched-Pot Wait, we tend to ________.
A．keep ourselves busy B．get absent-minded
C．grow anxious D．stay focused
[分析]　該段以灌滿(mǎn)洗碗池為例，說(shuō)明在“看著水壺式的等待”中，我們的大腦常會(huì)離開(kāi)我們，到處飄移，這與B項(xiàng)陳述吻合。
[高考典例3]　2012·北京卷·C篇
“Stress affects how people learn, ” says Professor Mara Mather.“People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress.”
For example, two recent studies looked at how people learned to connect images (影像) with either rewards or punishments.In one experiment, some of the participants were first stressed by having to give a speech and do difficult math problems in front of an audience; in the other, some were stressed by having to keep their hands in ice water.In both cases, the stressed participants remembered the rewarded material more accurately and the punished material less accurately than those who hadn't gone through the stress.
Q：We can learn from the passage that people under pressure tend to ________.
A．keep rewards better in their memory
B．recall consequences more effortlessly
C．make risky decisions more frequently
D．learn a subject more effectively
[分析]　文章引用了一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)“People learn better about positive than negative outcomes under stress”，接著用“For example”舉例說(shuō)明，引出兩項(xiàng)研究，即能夠承受壓力的被施壓的參與者更加精確地記住獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)而非懲罰。故選A。


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