一、語(yǔ)基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．wildlife n．　　　　　　　 野生動(dòng)植物
2．habitat n.
3．threaten vt.& vi. 恐嚇；威脅
4．endanger vt. 危害；使受到危險(xiǎn)
5．reserve n. 保護(hù)區(qū)
6．zone n. 地域；地帶；地區(qū)
7．species n. 種類；物種
8．carpet n. 地毯
9．fur n. 毛皮；毛；軟毛
10．rub vt. 擦；摩擦
11．mosquito n. 蚊子
12．insect n. 昆蟲
13．income n. 收入
14．county n. 縣；郡
15．incident n. 事件；事變
16．fierce adj. 兇猛的；猛烈的
17．extinction n. 滅絕；消亡
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．certain adj.　 確定的；某一；一定
2．importance n. 重要(性)
3．contain vt. 包含；容納；容忍
4．a(chǎn)ttention n. 注意；關(guān)注；注意力
5．bite vt.& vi. 咬；叮；刺痛
6．loss n. 損失；遺失；喪失
7．ending n. 結(jié)局；結(jié)尾
8.decrease vi.& vt. 減少；(使)變小或變少
9．laughter n. 笑；笑聲
10．a(chǎn)ffect vt. 影響；感動(dòng)；侵襲
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．protect vt.保護(hù)→protection n．保護(hù)
2．respond vi.回答；響應(yīng)；做出反應(yīng)→response n．回答；反應(yīng)
3．distant adj.遠(yuǎn)的；遠(yuǎn)處的→distance n．距離；遠(yuǎn)方
4．power v．給……提供動(dòng)力→powerful adj.強(qiáng)大的；有力的
5．secure adj.安全的；可靠的→security n．安全；可靠
6．inspect vt.檢查；視察→inspection n．檢查→inspector n．檢查員
7．a(chǎn)ppreciate vt.鑒賞；感激；意識(shí)到→appreciation n．欣賞；感謝；鑒別
8．harm n．& vt.損害；危害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.無(wú)害的
9．mercy n．仁慈；寬?。粦z憫→merciful adj.寬恕的；仁慈的→merciless adj.殘忍的；無(wú)情的
10．faith n．信念；信仰→faithful adj.忠誠(chéng)的；忠實(shí)的→faithfully adv.忠誠(chéng)地；忠實(shí)地
11．succeed vi.成功 vt.接替；繼任→success n．成功→successful adj.成功的→successfully adv.成功地
12．employ vt.雇用；利用(時(shí)間、精力等)→employment n．雇用；利用→employer n．雇主；老板→employee n．雇員
13．dust n．灰塵；塵土；塵埃→dusty adj.布滿灰塵的
14．relief n．(痛苦或憂慮的)減輕或解除；減輕痛苦的事物→relieve vt.使減輕；緩解

1.后綴-ful構(gòu)成的形容詞小結(jié)
①powerful　　　　 強(qiáng)大的；有力的
②harmful 有害的
③doubtful 懷疑的；疑惑的
④faithful 忠誠(chéng)的
⑤forgetful 健忘的
⑥hopeful 充滿希望的
2.“派生名詞(v.＋-ing)”集錦
①ending　　　　　　 結(jié)局；結(jié)尾
②training 訓(xùn)練；培養(yǎng)
③feeling 感覺(jué)；感情
④painting 繪畫；油畫
⑤meeting 會(huì)議
⑥beginning 開(kāi)始；開(kāi)端
3.巧記各種“事件”
①incident n．　　　　 事件；事變
②accident n. 事故
③traffic accident 交通事故
④event n. 重大事件；
比賽項(xiàng)目
⑤sports event 體育賽事
(二)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)——記牢用活
1．die__out　　　　　　　　 滅亡；逐漸消失
2．in__peace 和平地；和睦地；安詳?shù)?br /> 3．in__danger__(of) 在危險(xiǎn)中；垂危
4．in__relief 如釋重負(fù)；松了口氣
5．burst__into__laughter 突然笑起來(lái)；大聲笑了出來(lái)
6．protect...from 保護(hù)……不受……(危害)
7．pay__attention__to 注意
8．come__into__being 形成；產(chǎn)生
9．a(chǎn)ccording__to 按照；根據(jù)……所說(shuō)
10．so__that 以至于；結(jié)果
11．without__mercy 毫不憐憫地
12．do__harm__to 對(duì)……有害

1.“come into＋n.”短語(yǔ)一覽
①come into being　　　　　 形成；產(chǎn)生
②come into effect/force 開(kāi)始生效；開(kāi)始實(shí)行
③come into existence 形成；產(chǎn)生；開(kāi)始存在
④come into power 開(kāi)始執(zhí)政
⑤come into use 開(kāi)始使用
2.“出現(xiàn)與消失”家族
①die out　　　　　　　　　 滅亡；逐漸消失
②disappear vi. 消失；失蹤
③appear vi. 出現(xiàn)
④show up 出現(xiàn)
⑤turn up 出現(xiàn)；發(fā)生
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“按照；如同”
It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I’d like to help as__the__WWF__suggests．　這體現(xiàn)了野生動(dòng)植物保護(hù)的重要性，不過(guò)，我還是想按照世界野生生物基金會(huì)的建議來(lái)幫助你們。
句型2：with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)
After a while she saw some zebra with__black__and__white__lines__going beneath their stomachs.　過(guò)了一會(huì)兒她看到了一些斑馬，它們身上有從上一直延伸到腹部的黑白相間的條紋。
句型3：the way作先行詞，后跟省略that/in which的定語(yǔ)從句
They learned this from the__way the bones were joined together.
他們是根據(jù)(恐龍)骨骼的連接方式了解到這一點(diǎn)的。
句型4：there be (no)．..left(沒(méi)有)剩下……
This is the only home of the red Colobus monkey but there__are__very__few__left.
這里是紅髯猴唯一的家園，但是現(xiàn)在所剩無(wú)幾了。
二、語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)If I succeed(成功) in managing one, I will open more.
2．(2019·天津卷)To many people，technology means computers, hand-held devices, or vehicles that travel to distant(遠(yuǎn)處的) planets.
3．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I’m certain(確定的) that you will like it once you visit the paper-cutting exhibition.
4．(2018·北京卷)With all the programs, teamwork is key as trainees learn the importance(important) of leadership and being part of a bigger task.
5．(全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))Our school photography club is going to hold an International High School Student Photography Show, the theme of which is environmental protection(protect)．
6．Due to the strict traffic regulations on drunken driving, the number of accidents from it has greatly decreased(decrease)．
7．Mary is a very stubborn girl and she is seldom affected(affect) by other’s opinion.
8．He was determined to try his best to make up for the loss(lose)．
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境品詞——寫出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義
1．(2019·北京卷閱讀B)Moore then used her savings to get her business off the ground.Afterwards, she and her father secured their first business meeting with a supermarket owner, who finally agreed to sell Moore’s product—CanCandy.弄到，獲得
2．(2019·天津卷閱讀C)If a predator can eat several species, it can survive the extinction of one of them.滅絕
3．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀A)Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear！預(yù)定
4．(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ七選五)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping, I would have laughed heartily.Campers, in my eyes, were people who enjoyed insect bites, ill-cooked meals, and uncomfortable sleeping bags.咬；叮；刺痛
5．(2017·江蘇卷單項(xiàng)填空)The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical incidents. But alternative explanations are hard to find.事件
Ⅲ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．In the letter, he thanked me for my appreciating his work and my appreciation made him confident again.(appreciate)
2．None of the students responded to her question; in other words, her question failed to get a response from any of the students.(respond)
3．The man is always distant towards his neighbors, so his neighbors often keep him at a distance．(distant)
4．Eating too much every day is harmful to our health; that is to say, eating too much every day does harm to our health.(harm)
5．He succeeded his father as manager of the company.Soon their business became very successful．Lots of people wanted to know the secret of his success．(succeed)
6．The employer decided to employ Tom as her secretary and she hoped to have a talk with her employee before he came to work.(employ)
Ⅳ.選詞成篇
die out; protect...from; in peace; pay attention to; come into being; according to
As is known to us, animals have been affected by powerful mankind since humans 1.came__into__being. 2.According__to the research, with our environment becoming worse and worse, many animals can’t adapt themselves to the new changes so that many species are in danger of 3.dying__out. It is high time that we should 4.pay__attention__to__the topic of wildlife protection. Firstly, we should start a campaign to raise the public awareness of protecting the wildlife. Secondly, we should take measures to 5.protect animals from being hurt. Last but not least, it is very important to keep the balance of nature. Only when we protect the wildlife and maintain the natural beauty can we live 6.in__peace．
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))如果你按照我告訴你的去做，我相信你會(huì)玩得很愉快。
If__you__do__as__I__tell__you,__I am sure you will have a great time.
2．你日常生活中發(fā)生的事情會(huì)改變你看待世界和世間的人的方式。
Something that happens in your daily life will change the__way__you__look__at__the__world and the people in it.
3．我們已經(jīng)沒(méi)有時(shí)間來(lái)仔細(xì)考慮它了。
There__has__been__no__time__left for us to think it over.
4．為實(shí)現(xiàn)這三項(xiàng)歷史性的任務(wù)，我們中國(guó)人要堅(jiān)定地繼續(xù)奮斗。
With__the__three__historic__tasks__to__accomplish,__we Chinese should keep on working with great determination.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))


contain　vt.包含；容納；容忍
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/猜測(cè)加黑詞的含義
①He looked at me for a moment, and then wrote a sentence containing(contain) the best advice I’ve ever had.
②When he was criticized by the boss, he was so angry that he couldn’t contain himself(he)．
③The newly-built stadium is big enough to contain twenty thousand students and teachers.容納
[能力提升]——一句多譯
我們班有60名學(xué)生，包含35名男生和25名女生。
④There are 60 students in our class, containing__35__boys__and__25__girls．(contain)
⑤There are 60 students in our class, including__35__boys__and__25__girls．(including)
⑥There are 60 students in our class, 35__boys__and__25__girls__included．(included)

(1)contain oneself　　　　 克制自己
(2)container n. 容器；集裝箱；貨柜　
[佳句背誦] After the meal, a lucky charm and a red pocket which contains lucky money will be given to everyone and some lucky words are said to each other.　飯后，每個(gè)人都會(huì)收到一個(gè)吉祥飾物和一個(gè)裝著壓歲錢的紅包，并互相說(shuō)一些吉祥話。(2017·浙江卷11月應(yīng)用文寫作)
[名師點(diǎn)津]
(1)contain指容器中盛有某物、裝有某物；
(2)include表示把某事物作為其中的一部分包含在內(nèi)，常構(gòu)成分詞短語(yǔ)sth.included/including sth.。
The container contains many kinds of fruits, including a pineapple/a pineapple included.
這個(gè)容器中盛有很多種水果，包括一個(gè)菠蘿。
affect　vt.影響；感動(dòng)；侵襲
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①With the government’s aid, those people affected(affect) by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.
②Affected(affect) with a serious disease, he was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))Many young people were affected by his story. They began to do volunteer work for the disabled.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Affected__by__his__story,__many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled.(分詞作狀語(yǔ))

(1)be greatly/deeply affected by 被……深深打動(dòng)
be affected with high fever 發(fā)高燒
(2)effect n. 作用；影響
have an effect/influence on 對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響　
[佳句背誦] It is obvious that blindly following others’ advice will affect our own judgment.　顯而易見(jiàn)， 盲目地接受他人的意見(jiàn)將影響我們的判斷。 (2018·江蘇卷書面表達(dá))
appreciate　vt.鑒賞；感激；意識(shí)到；欣賞
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①On the night of the Mid-Autumn Day, people gather together eating moon cakes and appreciating(appreciate) the full moon.
②Here I sincerely express my appreciation(appreciate) if you could help me find the lost suitcase.
③I appreciate being__given(give) the opportunity to work in your company two years ago.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
(2018·天津卷書面表達(dá))如果你給我們一些有關(guān)如何改進(jìn)我們的機(jī)器人的建議，我將感激不盡。
④I__would__appreciate__it__if__you__could__give__us__some__advice__on how to improve our robots.
⑤I’d__be__grateful__if__you__could__give__us__some__advice__on how to improve our robots.

(1)appreciate＋n./pron./v.-ing
　　　　 重視/感激……
I would appreciate it if...
如果……，我將不勝感激。
(2)appreciation n. 欣賞；感激
express one’s appreciation to sb.for sth.
因某事表達(dá)對(duì)某人的感激之情　
[佳句背誦] In addition, I’m crazy to learn how to appreciate western paintings, and I’m wondering if you can tell us some tricks about how to paint.
此外，我很想學(xué)習(xí)如何欣賞西方繪畫，我想知道你是否能告訴我們一些如何繪畫的技巧。(2019·天津卷書面表達(dá))
succeed　vi.成功；繼承　vt.接替；繼任
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①It never occurred to me that you could succeed in persuading(persuade) him to change his mind.
②(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)The key to successful(success) small talk is learning how to connect with others, not just communicate with them.
③Finally, I wish this year’s English speech competition a great success.
④As the old saying goes, “Failure is the mother of success(succeed)．”
[能力提升]——微寫作
⑤(浙江卷書面表達(dá))這句名言告訴我們，如果我們想取得成功，我們不僅要周密計(jì)劃，還要徹底實(shí)施。
The__saying__tells__us__that__if__we__want__to__succeed,__we should not only plan carefully but also act it out thoroughly.

(1)succeed in (doing) sth. 成功地(做)某事
succeed sb.as 接替某人成為……
(2)success n. [U]成功，成就；
[C]成功的人或事物
(3)successful adj. 成功的　
[佳句背誦] He said that if he quit the job, he would lose his drive to work and succeed.
他認(rèn)為如果辭去正職工作，他就會(huì)失去了工作和想要成功的干勁。(2018·浙江卷6月完形)
[名師點(diǎn)津]
(1)success n．　　　　 [U]成功，成就
failure n. [U]失敗
(2)success n. [C]成功的人或事物
failure n. [C]失敗的人或事物
employ　vt.雇用；利用(時(shí)間、精力等)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ語(yǔ)法填空)Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have__been__employed(employ) only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive to perform consistently over a large area.
②The government has taken effective measures to create more employment(employ) opportunities.
[能力提升]——完成句子/句式升級(jí)
忙于讀書，他沒(méi)注意到湯姆進(jìn)來(lái)。
③(普通表達(dá))Because he was__employed__in__reading,__he didn’t see Tom come in.
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))Employed__in__reading,__he didn’t see Tom come in.(分詞作狀語(yǔ))

(1)employ sb.as...　 　　　 雇用某人任……
employ sb.to do sth. 雇用某人做某事
(2) 忙于(做)某事
　
(3)employer n．　　　　 雇主
employee n. 雇員；受雇者
employment n. 職業(yè)；工作；使用
[佳句背誦] If I am lucky enough to be employed, I will spare no effort to repay you for your trust.
一旦有幸被雇用，我將盡最大的努力回報(bào)您的信任。
harm　n．傷害；損害　vt.損害；危害
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空/猜測(cè)加黑詞的含義
①There is no harm in giving gifts to children, but they should not be rewards.
②(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D．損害；危害
[能力提升]——一句多譯
眾所周知，觀看暴力電視節(jié)目對(duì)孩子們有害。
③As we know, watching violence on TV does__harm__to__children/does__children__harm．(harm n．)
④As we know, watching violence on TV is__harmful__to__children．(harmful adj.)

(1)do/cause harm to sb.　 對(duì)某人造成傷害
do sb. harm 對(duì)某人造成傷害
There is no harm in doing sth.
做某事無(wú)害處。
(2)harmful adj. 有害的，造成傷害的
be harmful to... 對(duì)……有害　
[佳句背誦] At present, breaking traffic rules and littering are common, doing serious harm to life and the environment.　目前，違反交通規(guī)則和亂扔垃圾的現(xiàn)象很常見(jiàn)，對(duì)生活和環(huán)境造成了極大的危害。
die out　滅亡；逐漸消失
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①As a consequence, many species are quickly dying out．
②When the applause had died down,__she began her speech.
③You mentioned that you would like to teach English in return, which is exactly what I am__dying(die) for.
[能力提升]——詞匯/句式升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))As the living environment becomes worse and worse, many species are gradually disappearing.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))With the living environment becoming__worse__and__worse,__many species are gradually dying__out．(with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))

(1)die away　　　　　 (聲音、光線等)逐漸消失
die of/from 因……而死
die down 減弱；平息
(2)be dying for 很想要；渴望
be dying to do sth. 極想干某事　
[佳句背誦] Some rare birds in the area are in danger of dying out because of human activities.
這一地區(qū)的一些稀有鳥(niǎo)類由于人類活動(dòng)正面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。
protect...from...　保護(hù)……不受……(危害)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①As is known to us all, shoes play an important role in our life, for they can protect our feet from being__hurt(hurt)．
②She made contributions to the environmental protection(protect), though she was just a child.
③In summer, many people usually wear dark glasses to protect their eyes from the sun.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
必須采取有效措施保護(hù)環(huán)境免受污染。
④Effective measures must be taken to__protect__the__environment__from/against__pollution．(protect)
⑤Effective measures must be taken to__prevent/keep/stop__the__environment__from__being__polluted．(prevent/keep/stop)

(1)protect...against...　　 保護(hù)……以防……
(2) 阻止……做……
(3)protection n. 保護(hù)　
[佳句背誦] In order to protect the endangered animals from extinction, we sincerely hope you can take some measures.
為了保護(hù)瀕危動(dòng)物免于滅絕，我們真誠(chéng)希望你們能采取一些措施。
[名師點(diǎn)津] 以上短語(yǔ)在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中均不可省略from，而在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，與stop/prevent搭配的from可以省略。
pay attention to　注意，留意
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①In order to protect the balance of nature, the professor suggested that we(should) pay attention to improving(improve) people’s environmental awareness.
②He stood there, with his attention fixed(fix) on the notice on the wall.
[能力提升]——微寫作
③(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))在中國(guó)如果你參加晚宴，你應(yīng)該特別注意你的餐桌禮儀。
If you attend a dinner party in China, you should__pay__special__attention__to__your__table__manners．

(1)draw/attract/catch one’s attention
　　　　　　　 引起某人的注意
fix/focus/concentrate one’s attention on...
把注意力集中在……
(2)devote one’s attention to...
把注意力放在……　
[佳句背誦] I was aware that I just paid much attention to making plans but did nothing.
我意識(shí)到我只是太專注于制定計(jì)劃，卻什么也沒(méi)做成。(浙江卷書面表達(dá))

as引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，意為“按照；如同”
(教材P26)It shows the importance of wildlife protection, but I’d like to help as the WWF suggests.
這體現(xiàn)了野生動(dòng)植物保護(hù)的重要性，不過(guò)，我還是想按照世界野生生物基金會(huì)的建議來(lái)幫助你們。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——完成句子
①As the old saying goes, “When__in__Rome,__do__as__the__Romans__do(入鄉(xiāng)隨俗)．”
②As__she__grew__older(隨著她年齡的增長(zhǎng)), she built confidence.
③Exhausted__as__they__were(盡管他們精疲力竭), they stayed up preparing for the exams.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
④(普通表達(dá))Although we were tired, we are proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Tired__as/though__we__were,__we are proud of ourselves and believe we can do more for a better world.(倒裝)

as作為連詞的用法主要有：
(1)“按照；如同”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句。
(2)“當(dāng)……時(shí)候；一邊……一邊；隨著”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。
(3)“因?yàn)椋患热弧?，引?dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。
(4)“盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，常用倒裝語(yǔ)序，可與though互換?！?
[佳句背誦] If all visitors to the Fairy Lake Park do as the couple did, the lake will be severely polluted and soon turn into a huge dustbin.
如果所有到仙女湖公園的游客都像這對(duì)夫婦那樣做，那么湖水會(huì)嚴(yán)重污染，而且很快就會(huì)變成一個(gè)大垃圾箱。
the way作先行詞，后跟省略that/in which的定語(yǔ)從句
(教材P30)They learned this from the way the bones were joined together.
他們是根據(jù)(恐龍)骨骼的連接方式了解到這一點(diǎn)的。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2019·北京卷)Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of__determining and communicating what is real.
②To be honest, I don’t like the way that you speak to her.
[能力提升]——一句多譯
你應(yīng)該牢記：與同班同學(xué)交流是提高學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)的有效方法。
③You should keep it in mind that communicating with your classmates is a__good__way__to__improve__your__study．
④You should keep it in mind that communicating with your classmates is a__good__way__that/which__can__improve__your__study．

(1)way表示“方式；方法”時(shí)，其后常接in which或that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，也可以將關(guān)系詞that/in which省略。
(2)way后接定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)則用關(guān)系代詞 that/which，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略?！?
[佳句背誦] I think you hurt his pride by laughing at the way he speaks English.
我覺(jué)得你嘲笑他說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的方式傷害了他的自尊心。


Ⅰ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動(dòng)詞的形式變換(用所給詞的正確形式填空)
1．I appreciate being__invited(invite) to your party, but I have an important thing to attend to.
2．I received a letter containing(contain) some important information about the project.
3．It is a rule that our luggage should be__inspected(inspect) by customs officers.
4．In the newspaper of our school there is a column called(call) “Foreign Cultures”．
5．A good story does not necessarily have a happy ending(end), but the reader must not be left unsatisfied.
6．Personally, we should attach great__importance(important) to the protection of some endangered animals.
7．To__decrease(decrease) the amount of rubbish and to protect the environment, more governments are requiring people to recycle materials.
8．Nearly all of the young people interviewed believed that hard work was the key to success(succeed)．
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
1．Up to now, scientists haven’t found a right reason to explain why dinosaurs died out about 65 million years ago.
2．According to the report, scientists have a great many theories about how the universe came into being.
3．Our aim is to live in peace with each other and give our children a better future.
4．After he retired, the old man did all he could to protect the old temple from being__damaged(damage)．
5．I’m at a loss how to deal with the challenging problem, so I turn to my parents for help.
6．School activities are usually considered a good way to__make(make) new friends and develop new interests.
Ⅲ.易錯(cuò)誤用(改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤)
1．After graduation from college, he began to wander from city to city, hunted for a suitable job.hunted→hunting
2．Almost all the animals have their special ways to protect them from their enemies.them→themselves
3．She is a kind-hearted woman and often has a mercy on people who are in trouble.刪除mercy前的a
4．I suggested he work out a new plan but he didn’t respond it.在respond后加to
5．With the help of your teacher, I sincerely hope you can live in the peace with your roommates.刪除peace前的the
Ⅳ.熟詞生義(根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境寫出加黑詞的詞性及含義)
1．(2019·北京卷)If they run out of certain daily necessities, Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what’s needed.adj.某些
2．(2017·天津卷書面表達(dá))I am employed in my lessons now for the College Entrance Examination, which is very important to me, is near.adj.忙于
3．(全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀B)In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldn’t get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own.adj.瘋狂的
4．After the fierce quarrel, the explorer remained cold and distant.adj.冷漠的

提能一　語(yǔ)段填空(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
(一)
As we know, too many trees are cut down in our daily life, which does great harm 1.to the environment.Meanwhile, 2.hunting(hunt) too much has affected the number of wild animals greatly.As a result, some animals have died 3.out and others are in danger.Fortunately, our government has paid attention 4.to the situation and has taken a series of measures to protect wild animals from 5.being__endangered(endanger). We are sure that we will succeed 6.in preventing the situation from getting worse.
(二)
As the old saying goes, “When in Rome, do 1.as the Romans do.” It’s easier said than done.As it is the first time that I 2.have__studied(study) abroad as an exchange student. I have 3.difficulty(difficult) in getting along with my classmates.Meanwhile, I don’t like the way 4.that my teacher teaches me.What’s worse, last Saturday I lost my bag, 5.containing(contain) my passport, ID card and a lot of money.I feel very lonely and upset here.I’d appreciate 6.it if you could give me some advice on how to adapt to my new surroundings.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)
調(diào)查研究證明，中國(guó)江豚受人類活動(dòng)影響而瀕臨滅絕，目前總數(shù)僅約1 000只，假設(shè)你是李華，請(qǐng)用英文給WWF寫一封信，請(qǐng)他們關(guān)注這個(gè)現(xiàn)象并提供幫助。內(nèi)容包括：①說(shuō)明寫信目的；②簡(jiǎn)述江豚現(xiàn)狀；③希望WWF如何幫助。
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①我是李華，寫信請(qǐng)您注意江豚的情況。
I__am__Li__Hua,__writing__to__ask__you__to__pay__attention__to__the__situation__of__Finless__Porpoises.
②江豚受到人類活動(dòng)的嚴(yán)重影響，因此目前只剩下大約1 000只江豚。
Finless Porpoises are__seriously__affected__by__human__activities,__so__that__there__are__only__about__1，000__Finless__Porpoises__left at present.
③我們誠(chéng)摯地希望你們采取措施保護(hù)這種瀕危物種免于滅絕。
We sincerely hope that measures can be taken to protect__this__endangered__species__from__dying__out．
④我們需要專家?guī)椭覀兏玫亓私饨啵@樣的話，我們就能更好地照顧它們。
We need help from experts to better understand the animals. In that case, we__can__take__better__care__of__them．
⑤我們不僅需要更多的贊助而且應(yīng)該雇用更多的工人幫助我們。(使用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))
Not only more sponsorship will be needed but also more__workers__should__be__employed__to__help__us．
⑥盡管任務(wù)艱巨，我們相信我們遲早會(huì)成功。
Though the task is challenging, we__are__certain__that__we__will__succeed in time.
⑦如果你考慮我們的請(qǐng)求我將非常感激。
I__would__appreciate__it__if__you__could__take__our__request__into__consideration.
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑧用非限制性定語(yǔ)從句升級(jí)句④
We__need__help__from__experts__to__better__understand__the__animals,__in__which__case__we__can__take__better__care__of__them.
⑨用倒裝句和主語(yǔ)從句升級(jí)句⑥
Challenging__as/though__the__task__is,__it__is__certain__that__we__will__succeed__in__time.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^(guò)渡銜接詞匯：first of all, in addition)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Sir/Madam，
I am Li Hua, writing to ask you to pay attention to the situation of Finless Porpoises. Finless Porpoises are seriously affected by human activities, so that there are only about 1，000 Finless Porpoises left at present.
We sincerely hope that measures can be taken to protect this endangered species from dying out. First of all, we need help from experts to better understand the animals, in which case we can take better care of them. In addition, not only more sponsorship will be needed but also more workers should be employed to help us. Challenging as/though the task is, it is certain that we will succeed in time.
I would appreciate it if you could take our request into consideration.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua

(建議用時(shí)：40分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·長(zhǎng)春質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè))Pangolins(穿山甲) are strange-looking creatures, covered with hard scales(鱗). They can roll up into a ball to protect themselves from enemies and have tongues that are longer than their bodies.
Pangolins have recently become the focus of Chinese people. A screenshot of a microblog post showed some people eating pangolins at a feast spread. A few days later, people were angered again by pictures showing people eating protected animals, including pangolins.
Yet this is only the tip of the iceberg. Many more pangolins have been hunted or killed. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN), more than 1 million of them have been killed or sold in the last 10 years. It also said that they are the most illegally traded mammals in the world. In September 2016, the IUCN added the pangolin to the world’s “endangered animals list”. They are now more endangered than pandas.
A growing trade of their scales and meat is the main reason for their decline in number. Many people in Asia and Africa consider pangolin meat is delicious. Some people even think pangolin scales have medical qualities. However, their scales are made of keratin(角蛋白), the same material human fingernails are made of.
Luckily, the situation is getting better. World Pangolin Day is on the third Saturday of February each year. It’s a day to help people know more about pangolins. The government now stops anyone from buying and eating pangolins in China. Breaking this law is regarded as a crime, and the trade of pangolins across the world is also not allowed, according to the Convention on Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章闡述了穿山甲瀕臨滅絕的現(xiàn)狀以及為保護(hù)穿山甲而采取的舉措。
1．Pangolins have caught people’s attention these years because ________．
A．they look strange
B．they appear in some movies
C．they are killed and eaten by people
D．they have something to do with pandas
C　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“attention”和“these years”，定位在原文第二段。該段開(kāi)頭說(shuō)，穿山甲近來(lái)成為中國(guó)人關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)，然后提到一張屏幕截圖和一些圖片中，穿山甲成為人們的盤中珍饈，這與C項(xiàng)的描述是一致的。
2．What can we learn from the passage?
A．Pangolins can roll up into a ball to attack enemies.
B．More than 1 million pangolins were killed or sold last year.
C．Pangolins were named the most endangered animal in 2016.
D．The pangolin is a kind of mammals.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容，尤其是“they are the most illegally traded mammals in the world”可知，穿山甲是一種哺乳動(dòng)物。故選D。
3．The real aim of World Pangolin Day may be to ________．
A．a(chǎn)ttract people to the zoo to watch pangolins
B．lift people’s awareness of protecting pangolins
C．remind people of pangolins’ medical value
D．explain the law to people
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的“World Pangolin Day”，定位在原文最后一段。該段主要陳述為保護(hù)穿山甲而采取的舉措，而這個(gè)節(jié)日能讓人們更多地了解穿山甲，從而提高人們保護(hù)穿山甲的意識(shí)，故選B。
4．What might be the author’s attitude towards the measures taken to protect pangolins?
A．Positive.　　　　　　　　 B．Negative.
C．Disappointed. D．Unconcerned.
A　解析：觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，中國(guó)政府禁止任何人購(gòu)買和食用穿山甲，世界各地也禁止買賣穿山甲，局面正在好轉(zhuǎn)，由此可推知作者覺(jué)得這些措施是有效的，故選A。
【難句分析】　A few days later, people were angered again by pictures showing people eating protected animals, including pangolins.
分析：本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。句中有動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)修飾pictures以及現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作賓補(bǔ)。
譯文：幾天后，人們?cè)俅伪粠讖堈掌づ?，照片顯示人們?cè)诔员Ｗo(hù)動(dòng)物，其中包括穿山甲。
B
(2020·太原高三模擬)A day in the life of a sun bear is what you might expect from the name: sunny. In its natural habitat, the sun bear spends over 80 percent of its active waking time in daylight.
But when disturbed by human activity, that changes dramatically. In areas where people are pushing into the sun bear’s habitat, the animals are spending 90 percent of their waking time after dark. Effectively, the threat of human presence is making the sun bear change into “the moon bear”．
Led by scientists at the University of California, Berkeley, the study found that human activity is driving scores of mammals to shift their activity from the daytime into the dark hours of the night. As many animals have already been forced out of their local habitats, others are attempting to avoid interaction with humans by separating themselves in time rather than in space.
For the work, the researchers examined the behaviors of 64 mammal species, including deer, tigers, boars, and, of course, sun bears. They observed increased nocturnal(夜間發(fā)生的) behavior in a large majority of them, with species that are naturally active during the day tending to shift their activity to after dark, and those that are naturally nocturnal becoming more so. The mammals affected ranged across body size, the habitat type, the region of the world, and diet.
Human activity of all sorts affect animals’ lives, including activities like hunting, agriculture and land development, harvesting local natural resources, even hiking or walking through wild areas. Sport hunting in the Hwange National Park in Zimbabwe drove antelopes to spend more of their active waking hours at night, restricting their access to water. Similarly, hikers in the Santa Cruz Mountains in California made coyotes(郊狼) more nocturnal, forcing them to find new preys(獵物) among traditionally nocturnal animals.
The researchers warn that profound shifts in the natural behavior patterns of so many species disturb dynamics that have evolved over generations, leading to a series of unknown effects on the entire ecosystems.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類活動(dòng)正迫使許多哺乳動(dòng)物將它們的活動(dòng)時(shí)間從白天轉(zhuǎn)移到黑夜，這會(huì)影響到整個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。
5．What did the study find?
A．More animals separate themselves in space.
B．Human activity changes animals’ way of life.
C．Many animals were pushed out of their local habitats.
D．The sun bear spends over 80% waking time in daylight.
B　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句中的“the study found that human activity is driving scores of mammals to shift their activity from the daytime into the dark hours of the night”可知，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人類活動(dòng)正迫使許多哺乳動(dòng)物將它們的活動(dòng)時(shí)間從白天轉(zhuǎn)移到黑夜。由此可知，人類活動(dòng)改變了動(dòng)物的生活方式。故選B項(xiàng)。
6．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．The sun bear. B．The waking time.
C．Human activity. D．The natural habitat.
B　解析：代詞指代題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“In its natural habitat, the sun bear spends over 80 percent of its active waking time in daylight.”可知，在自然棲息地，太陽(yáng)熊白天超過(guò)80%的時(shí)間度過(guò)它們醒著的時(shí)間，并結(jié)合畫線詞所在句可知，當(dāng)受到人類活動(dòng)的干擾，太陽(yáng)熊醒著的時(shí)間極大地改變了。故畫線詞指代The waking time。故選B項(xiàng)。
7．What can we infer from paragraph 5?
A．Antelopes have easier access to water.
B．Coyotes have to prey on new types for survival.
C．Human activity shortens animals’ sleeping time.
D．Animals have managed to escape interaction with humans.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句“Similarly, hikers in the Santa Cruz Mountains in California made coyotes(郊狼) more nocturnal, forcing them to find new preys(獵物) among traditionally nocturnal animals.”可知，因?yàn)槿祟惢顒?dòng)，郊狼為了生存不得不尋找新的獵物。故選B項(xiàng)。
8．What does the author want to tell us in the text?
A．Human threat makes the sun bear nocturnal.
B．Animals are badly hurt by human presence.
C．Animals become more adaptable thanks to humans.
D．Ecosystems may be reshaped due to human activity.
D　解析：寫作意圖題。根據(jù)最后一段“The researchers warn that profound shifts in the natural behavior patterns of so many species disturb dynamics that have evolved over generations, leading to a series of unknown effects on the entire ecosystems.”并結(jié)合文章其他內(nèi)容可知，作者想要告訴我們，由于人類活動(dòng)，生態(tài)系統(tǒng)可能會(huì)被重塑。故選D項(xiàng)。
Ⅱ.完形填空
(2020·南昌高三段考)When I was born there was already another youngster in the family—a collie dog just three months old.
Laddie __1__ near me, ate with me and played with me. I __2__ dressed him in my clothes. We __3__ almost everything and we hugged each other for comfort and __4__. I had no brothers or sisters, so he was my brother. When I left for __5__ he watched me from the window and on my return he ran __6__ to the door, his face lighting up with pleasure and love. We were __7__．
Years passed and sores(瘡) __8__ on his back and a growth(贅生物) on his lower lip.I thought a vet and __9__ would cure him.
When I returned from school one day and opened the __10__， there was no Laddie. Believing he was playing “hide-and-seek”， I searched all his favorite __11__ places. Meanwhile my parents were trying to __12__ to me, but I was not listening. I was searching and calling madly for my __13__．
The blow was more than I could bear, and as a result I was __14__ and off school for many weeks, suffering from extreme sadness.
Many years passed before I got a dog of my own. He was my son’s __15__. The two would get up to all kinds of mischief(頑皮). When Yogi’s __16__ came we all went with him to the vet’s and hugged him, petted him and __17__ him for his company and love. That way it __18__ the blow for us.
The loss of a(n) __19__ is heartbreaking, but we have the option of providing that final release with dignity and avoiding __20__. It’s what must be done.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　作者小時(shí)候與自己的小寵物狗之間有著深厚的感情，他們同吃、同住、同玩。有一天小狗生病死了，作者非常難過(guò)。多年以后，作者又有了一只小狗，它臨終的時(shí)候，作者和兒子把它帶到獸醫(yī)那里，擁抱并感謝了它。作者認(rèn)為，把小狗有尊嚴(yán)地送走，可以減輕自己的痛苦。
1．A.jumped B．slept
C．came D．shouted
B　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境和下文中的“he was my brother”(我把它當(dāng)兄弟看)并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，Laddie睡(slept)在“我”旁邊，跟“我”一起吃、一起玩。
2．A.never B．even
C．quickly D．then
B　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，“我”甚至給它穿“我”的衣服。
3．A.tried B．saw
C．enjoyed D．shared
D　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，“我們”幾乎分享所有的東西。
4．A.friendship B．fun
C．warmth D．strength
C　解析：根據(jù)空前的“we hugged each other for comfort and”并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，“我們”抱在一起，尋求安慰和溫暖。
5．A.school B．market
C．work D．clinic
A　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“When I returned from school”可知，當(dāng)“我”去上學(xué)的時(shí)候，它從窗戶邊看著“我”。
6．A.slowly B．eagerly
C．willingly D．carefully
B　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“his face lighting up with pleasure and love”可知，“我”放學(xué)回來(lái)的時(shí)候，它急切地朝門口跑。
7．A.inseparable B．reliable
C．unforgettable D．respectable
A　解析：上文講作者和小狗一起睡、一起吃、一起玩，作者上學(xué)的時(shí)候，小狗從窗戶邊看著作者，作者放學(xué)的時(shí)候，小狗急切地向門口跑，這一切都說(shuō)明，作者和小狗是親密無(wú)間的。inseparable“親密無(wú)間的”；reliable“可靠的；可信賴的”；unforgettable“難以忘懷的”；respectable“受人尊敬的”。
8．A.lay B．rode
C．a(chǎn)ppeared D．lightened
C　解析：根據(jù)下文中的“a vet”“cure him”并結(jié)合常識(shí)可知，多年過(guò)去了，它的后背生了瘡，下唇長(zhǎng)了一個(gè)贅生物?！拔摇毕耄F醫(yī)和藥可以治愈它。appear“出現(xiàn)”符合語(yǔ)境。
9．A.environment B．diet
C．exercise D．medicines
D　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。
10．A.cupboard B．window
C．box D．door
D　解析：根據(jù)上文的“to the door”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，一天，當(dāng)“我”從學(xué)?；貋?lái)打開(kāi)門時(shí)，沒(méi)看到它。
11．A.drinking B．feeding
C．hiding D．playing
C　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“hide-and-seek”可知，“我”認(rèn)為它在(跟“我”)玩捉迷藏，“我”找了它所有最喜歡的藏身之處。
12．A.explain B．cry
C．clarify D．sigh
A　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，與此同時(shí)，“我”父母試圖向“我”解釋，但“我”沒(méi)聽(tīng)。
13．A.father B．mother
C．brother D．sister
C　解析：根據(jù)上文中的“so he was my brother”并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知，“我”在尋找，在發(fā)瘋般喊著“我”的兄弟。
14．A.moved B．upset
C．ill D．relieved
C　解析：根據(jù)該句中的“off school for many weeks, suffering from extreme sadness”可知，這個(gè)打擊是“我”不能承受的，結(jié)果，“我”病了。
15．A.tool B．toy
C．caretaker D．companion
D　解析：根據(jù)空處下文表述“兒子和狗一起各種頑皮”可知，此處表示它是“我”兒子的伙伴。
16．A.owner B．festival
C．friend D．time
D　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，當(dāng)Yogi的生命期限來(lái)到的時(shí)候，“我們”都陪它一起去了獸醫(yī)那里。這里的time指的是“生命期限”。
17．A.admired B．thanked
C．praised D．rewarded
B　解析：我們擁抱它，撫摸它，感謝它的陪伴和愛(ài)。
18．A.suffered B．softened
C．received D．delivered
B　解析：根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，那種方式減輕了對(duì)“我們”的打擊。soften意為“變緩和”。
19．A.pet B．relative
C．a(chǎn)nimal D．treasure
A　解析：失去寵物是讓人心碎的，但“我們”可以選擇以不失尊嚴(yán)和避免痛苦的方式來(lái)對(duì)待寵物的離去。
20．A.suffering B．misunderstanding
C．danger D．embarrassment
A　解析：參見(jiàn)上題解析。
Ⅲ.短文改錯(cuò)
(2020·合肥高三調(diào)研)My best friends Wang Bing, Liu Hong and I did voluntary work in our neighborhood in last summer. Every morning we would walk around, collected plastic bags, waste paper and cans. This usually took us about one and a half hour to do that. After that, we went to do some housework for the senior people who lived their own. In the afternoon we helped some children do their homework, so their parents were too busy to take care of themselves. Although we were a little tiring every day, we were proud of what we have done. We all felt really happily that we could do something meaningful.
答案：
My best friends Wang Bing, Liu Hong and I did voluntary work in our neighborhood last
①
summer. Every morning we would walk around, plastic bags, waste paper and cans. usually took us about one and a half to do that. After that, we went to do some housework for the senior people who lived their own. In the afternoon we helped some children do their homework, their parents were too busy to take care of . Although we were a little every day, we were proud of what we done. We all felt really that we could do something meaningful.
①刪除last前的in。考查介詞。表時(shí)間的名詞前帶有l(wèi)ast, next, this, these, that等指示性限定修飾語(yǔ)且其前沒(méi)有冠詞時(shí)，其前要省略介詞。
②collected改為collecting?？疾楝F(xiàn)在分詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動(dòng)詞collect與其邏輯主語(yǔ)we構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，故用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式。
③This改為It?？疾樾问街髡Z(yǔ)。該句為“it takes sb. some time to do sth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“做某事花費(fèi)某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”，it為形式主語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)為真正的主語(yǔ)。
④hour改為hours?？疾槊~的單復(fù)數(shù)。hour為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)該句中的“one and a half”可知，該處用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
⑤在lived后加on?？疾楣潭ù钆洹＞湟猓褐螅覀?yōu)楠?dú)居的老人做家務(wù)。on one’s own為固定搭配，意為“獨(dú)自”。
⑥so改為for/because?？疾檫B詞。句意：下午，我們幫助一些孩子做功課，因?yàn)樗麄兊母改柑α?，沒(méi)有時(shí)間照顧他們。根據(jù)句意可知，兩句間為因果關(guān)系，故用連詞for或because。
⑦themselves改為them?？疾槿朔Q代詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，該處代指前面的“some children”，作動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)take care of的賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用賓格them。
⑧tiring改為tired?？疾樾稳菰~。該句主語(yǔ)為“we”，應(yīng)用 tired；tired意為“疲勞的”，修飾人；tiring意為“使人疲勞的”，修飾物。
⑨have改為had?？疾閯?dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：盡管我們每天有點(diǎn)兒疲勞，但是我們對(duì)我們所做的事情感到自豪。根據(jù)該句中的“were”可知，“我們所做的事情”發(fā)生在“感到自豪”之前，表示過(guò)去的過(guò)去，故用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。
⑩happily改為happy?？疾樾稳菰~。句意：我們都為能做有意義的事情感到快樂(lè)。該句中的感官動(dòng)詞felt用作系動(dòng)詞，其后應(yīng)接形容詞作表語(yǔ)。



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