一、語(yǔ)基必備知識(shí)
(一)重點(diǎn)詞匯——分類記憶
Ⅰ.閱讀詞匯——知其意
1．subway n．　　　　　　　　 地下人行道；
〈美〉地鐵
2．elevator n. 電梯；升降機(jī)
3．petrol n. 〈英〉汽油(＝〈美〉gasoline)
4．conquer vt. 征服；占領(lǐng)
5．a(chǎn)partment n. 〈美〉公寓住宅；
單元住宅
6．enrich vt. 使富裕；充實(shí)；改善
7．identity n. 本身；本體；身份
8．dialect n. 方言
9．eastern adj. 東方的；東部的
10．lightning n. 閃電
11．usage n. 使用；用法；
詞語(yǔ)慣用法
12．a(chǎn)ccent n. 口音；腔調(diào)；重音
13．lorry n. 〈英〉卡車(＝〈美〉truck)
14．block n. 街區(qū)；塊；木塊；石塊
15．cab n. 出租車
Ⅱ.核心詞匯——寫其形
1．official adj. 官方的；正式的；公務(wù)的
n. 官員；公務(wù)員
2．voyage n. 航行；航海
3.__native adj. 本國(guó)的；本地的
n. 本地人；本國(guó)人
4．base vt. 以……為根據(jù)
n. 基部；基地；基礎(chǔ)
5．vocabulary n. 詞匯；詞匯量；詞表
6．spelling n. 拼寫；拼法
7．command__ n．& vt. 命令；指令；掌握
8．request n．& vt. 請(qǐng)求；要求
9.__accent n. 口音；腔調(diào)；重音
10．straight adv. 直接；挺直
adj. 直的；筆直的；正直的
Ⅲ.拓展詞匯——通其變
1．a(chǎn)ctual adj.實(shí)際的→actually adv.實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上
2．gradual adj.逐漸的；逐步的→gradually adv.逐漸地；逐步地
3．recognize vt.辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)→recognition n．承認(rèn)；識(shí)別
4．latter adj.較后的；后半的；(兩者中)后者的→late adj.遲的；晚的→latest adj.最新的；最近的
5．fluent adj.流利的；流暢的→fluently adv.流利地；流暢地→fluency n．流利；流暢
6．frequent adj.頻繁的；常見的→frequently adv.常常；頻繁地　
7．express vt.表示；表達(dá)n.快車；快遞→expression n．詞語(yǔ)；表示；表達(dá)
8．use vt.使用 n．用途→usage n．使用；用法→useful adj.有用的→useless adj.無(wú)用的

1.“旅行”名詞家族
①voyage　　 航行；航海
②tour (觀光)旅行
③travel 旅行
④journey (長(zhǎng)途)旅行
⑤trip (短途)旅行；外出
⑥outing 遠(yuǎn)足
2.加en-前綴和-en后綴變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞薈萃
①rich→enrich　　　 　 使富裕
②able→enable 使能夠
③large→enlarge 使擴(kuò)大
④sure→ensure 確保；擔(dān)保
⑤strength→strengthen 加強(qiáng)；鞏固
⑥short→shorten 縮短；使變短
3.常見的形容詞和副詞同形的單詞
①straight adj.& adv. 直的(地)
②fast adj.& adv. 快的(地)
③far adj.& adv. 遠(yuǎn)的(地)
④pretty adj. 漂亮的
adv. 相當(dāng)?shù)?；很，非?br /> ⑤well adj.& adv. 健康的；好
⑥deep adj. 深的
adv. 深入地；深深地
(二)重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ)——記牢用活
1．more__than　　　　　　　　 超過；非常；不只是；不僅是
2．come__up 走近；上來(lái)；(被)提出
3．be__based__on 以……為基礎(chǔ)
4．believe__it__or__not 信不信由你
5．play__a__part__(in) 扮演一個(gè)角色；參與
6．because__of 因?yàn)?；由?br /> 7．the__number__of ……的數(shù)量
8．a(chǎn)t__present 現(xiàn)在；目前
9．make__use__of 利用；使用
10．such__as 例如……；像這種的

1.“動(dòng)詞＋for”的短語(yǔ)
①leave for　　　　　　 　 動(dòng)身去
②head for 走向；朝……進(jìn)發(fā)
③make for 前往；走向
④start for 動(dòng)身去
⑤set out/off for 動(dòng)身去
2.at時(shí)間短語(yǔ)小結(jié)
①at present　　　　　　　　　 現(xiàn)在；目前
②at times 有時(shí)
③at a time 一次
④at one time 曾經(jīng)
⑤at the beginning of 在……開始時(shí)
⑥at the moment 現(xiàn)在
(三)重點(diǎn)句式——背熟巧用
句型公式
教材原句
句型1：even if引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
Native English speakers can understand each other even__if__they__don’t__speak the same kind of English.
以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人，即使他們所講的英語(yǔ)不盡相同，也可以相互理解。
句型2：more...than...是……而不是……；與其說(shuō)……倒不如說(shuō)……
It was based more__on__German__than the English we speak at present.
當(dāng)時(shí)的英語(yǔ)更多是以德語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)，而不是我們今天所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)。
句型3：no such＋單數(shù)名詞，意為“沒有這/那樣的……”
Believe it or not, there is no__such__thing__as__standard__English.
信不信由你，(世界上)沒有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)。
句型4：This/That is because...
這/那是因?yàn)椤?br /> This__is__because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.
這是因?yàn)樵谠缙诘碾娕_(tái)節(jié)目里，人們期望新聞播音員英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得很好。
二、語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練
Ⅰ.語(yǔ)境填詞——根據(jù)提示寫出該詞的適當(dāng)形式
1．Go straight(直接) down the road until you come to the English language school.
2．If you want to improve your reading skill, you should have a large vocabulary(詞匯量) first.
3．The Smiths have lived in London for ten years, so they speak with a London accent(口音)．
4．She was born in Germany and her native(本國(guó)的) language is German.
5．As far as I’m concerned, I want to own a room based (base) on my own personal taste.
6．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))Recently, I learned in your official(office) website that a volunteer is needed for an exhibition of Chinese traditional painting in London.
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)境品詞——寫出加黑詞匯在語(yǔ)境中的意義
1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀C)As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物測(cè)量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces.　__身份
2．(2019·北京卷書面表達(dá))Beijing，Tianjin and Shanghai all have the excellent subway systems which can take you everywhere in the city.地鐵
3．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ閱讀A)Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history.頻繁的
Ⅲ.派生詞練習(xí)——用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1．The puzzled expression on her face suggested that she didn’t know how she could express her feelings properly.(express)
2．I can speak English fluently,__so my deskmate admires my fluent English very much and I usually feel encouraged by his compliments. (fluent)
3．I paid a visit to Russia which is rich in natural resources and the travel enriched my horizons. (rich)
4．As is known to all, education is a gradual process, and people are gradually aware of its importance. (gradual)
5．He had changed so much that you couldn’t recognize him. As a matter of fact, illness and age changed him beyond recognition. (recognize)
Ⅳ.選詞成篇
such as; the number of; have a good command of; at present; play an important part in; come up; make good use of
With the world becoming a global village, English is 1.playing__an__important__part__in our life 2.at__present. So mastering English means we can see the world through a new window.As a result, 3.the__number__of people learning English is on the increase. However, many problems will 4.come__up in learning English 5.such__as vocabulary and grammar. We should 6.make__good__use__of every opportunity to practise English so that we can eventually 7.have__a__good__command__of it.
Ⅴ.完成句子
1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))即使你忙于功課，我還是希望你能參加即將到來(lái)的比賽。
Even__if/though__you__are__busy__with__your__lessons,__I hope you can attend the upcoming competition.
2．我的英語(yǔ)取得了很大進(jìn)步，老師表?yè)P(yáng)我說(shuō)：與其說(shuō)我聰明倒不如說(shuō)我勤奮。
I made such great progress in English that my teacher praised me saying that I__was__more__diligent__than__clever．
3．他沒能趕上早班車，那是因?yàn)樗裉煸缟掀鹜砹恕?br /> He missed the first bus and that__was__because__he got up late this morning.
4．沒有壞天氣這回事，不一樣的天空有不一樣的美。
There is no__such__thing__as bad weather. Every sky has its beauty.


base　vt.以……為根據(jù)　n．基部；基地；基礎(chǔ)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2018·北京卷書面表達(dá))To be frank, studying for a degree in a different culture is difficult. You’d better learn some basic(base) Chinese before you come.
②(2020·山西八校第一次聯(lián)考)In my opinion, common hobbies are the basis(base) of making friends.
[能力提升]——句式升級(jí)
(普通表達(dá))The restaurant is based on trust, and it is working all right.
③(高級(jí)表達(dá))Based__on__trust,__the restaurant is working all right. (分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ))
④(高級(jí)表達(dá))The restaurant, which__is__based__on__trust,__is working all right.(定語(yǔ)從句)

(1)base...on/upon...　　 把……建立在……
基礎(chǔ)之上
be based on/upon... 以……為基礎(chǔ)；
依據(jù)……
(2)basic adj. 基本的；基礎(chǔ)的
basis n. 基礎(chǔ)；基本原則
[佳句背誦] Just as the saying goes, “One tree doesn’t make a forest.” Our success is based on cooperating with others.　常言道，“獨(dú)木不成林。”我們的成功建立在與他人合作的基礎(chǔ)上。
command　n．[C]命令，指令；[U]掌握　vt.命令；指揮，支配；博得，贏得；掌握
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I’m at your command—what would you like me to do?
②The police commanded the witness to__describe(describe) what had happened the day before.
＝The police commanded that the witness (should)__describe(describe) what had happened the day before.
[能力提升]——詞匯升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))Try to communicate with the natives in simple Chinese as much as possible, which will help you practise it and master Chinese well.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Try to communicate with the natives in simple Chinese as much as possible, which will help you practise it and have__a__good__command__of Chinese.

(1)at one’s command　　 聽某人支配
have a (good) command of
掌握；精通(尤指語(yǔ)言)
take command of 控制；擔(dān)任……的指揮
(2)command sb.to do sth. 命令某人做某事
command that...(should) do...
命令……(應(yīng)該)做……
[佳句背誦] I do believe that I am very qualified for this voluntary work, because I have a good command of spoken English.　我確信我非常勝任做這項(xiàng)志愿工作，因?yàn)槲揖ㄓ⒄Z(yǔ)口語(yǔ)。(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))
request　n．& vt.請(qǐng)求；要求
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①I made a request that the students (should)__attend (attend) the meeting to be held tomorrow on time.
＝I requested the students__to__attend/(should)__attend(attend) the meeting to be held tomorrow on time.
②He came to attend the party at the request of his friend.
[能力提升]——微寫作
③(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ書面表達(dá))我的目標(biāo)是讓中國(guó)走向世界，讓世界了解中國(guó)。如果你能同意我的要求，我將不勝感激。My aim is to let China go to the world and let the world understand China.I__would__appreciate__it__if__you__could__agree__to__my__request.

(1)make a request for　　 請(qǐng)求；要求
at the request of sb. 應(yīng)某人的要求
(2)request sb. to do sth. 請(qǐng)求/要求某人做某事
request that...(should) do sth.
請(qǐng)求/要求……(應(yīng)該)做某事
be requested to do sth. 被要求做某事
[佳句背誦] If you want to apply for membership, you are requested to fill in the application.
如果你想申請(qǐng)成為隊(duì)員，你需要填寫申請(qǐng)表。(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))
recognize　vt.辨認(rèn)出；承認(rèn)；公認(rèn)
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①(2019·江蘇卷)China’s image is improving steadily，with more countries recognizing(recognize) its role in international affairs.
②I went back to my hometown after 20 years and the city had changed beyond all recognition(recognize)．
[能力提升]——一句多譯
那本書被公認(rèn)為21世紀(jì)最重要的文學(xué)作品之一。
③The book is__recognized__to__be/as one of the greatest works of literature of the 21st century.
④It__is__recognized__that the book is one of the greatest works of literature of the 21st century.

(1)recognize one’s voice　　 認(rèn)出某人/聽出某人的聲音
be recognized to be/as... 被認(rèn)作……/被認(rèn)為……
It is recognized that... 人們公認(rèn)……
(2)recognition n. 認(rèn)出；認(rèn)識(shí)
beyond recognition 認(rèn)不出來(lái)
[佳句背誦] Cellphones which are now universally recognized as a must, have a great effect on us.
手機(jī)現(xiàn)在廣泛地被認(rèn)為是必需品，對(duì)我們有很大的影響。
come up　走近；上來(lái)；發(fā)芽；發(fā)生；(被)提出；(太陽(yáng)、月亮等)升起
[一詞多義]——寫出下列句中come up的含義
①I’d love to attend your party, but something unexpected has come up.發(fā)生
②The little boy came up to the stranger and showed him how to get to the police station.走近
③A good suggestion to solve the problem came up at the meeting.被提出
④The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up.升起
[能力提升]——詞匯/句式升級(jí)
⑤(普通表達(dá))The project came up at the meeting yesterday, and it attracted many people’s attention.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))The project was__put__forward at the meeting yesterday, attracting__many__people’s__attention. (分詞作狀語(yǔ))

come up with　　 　 想出；提出
come across 穿過(路、 橋)；(偶然)遇見；
發(fā)現(xiàn)
come to 蘇醒；總計(jì)；達(dá)到；談到
when it comes to... 當(dāng)談到……
[佳句背誦] When it comes to my favorite sports event, I must say that ping-pong appeals to me.
說(shuō)到我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目，我必須說(shuō)乒乓球吸引了我。(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))
[名師點(diǎn)津]
(1)come up的主語(yǔ)是物，表示計(jì)劃、建議、議題等被提出；
(2)come up with主語(yǔ)是人或團(tuán)體組織，表示(某人)提出。
make use of　利用；使用
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——單句語(yǔ)法填空
①Now most of the students are trying to make the best use of every minute to__prepare(prepare) for the coming exam.
②It’s no use trying(try) to persuade him to have a holiday because he is facing a challenge.
[能力提升]——詞匯/句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))We must make full use of every minute to go over our lessons, as the final examination is drawing near.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))With__the__final__examination__approaching,__we must make__the__best__of/make__the__most__of/take__full__advantage__of every minute to go over our lessons.(with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu))

(1)make full/good use of　　 充分利用
make the best/most of 充分利用
take (full) advantage of (充分)利用
(2)be of great use 很有用
It’s no use doing sth. 做某事是沒有用的。
[佳句背誦] We students as well as our teachers make good use of the gymnasium to do sports after school every day.
每天放學(xué)后，我們學(xué)生和老師都充分利用這個(gè)體育館做運(yùn)動(dòng)。(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ書面表達(dá))

more...than...是……而不是……；與其說(shuō)……倒不如說(shuō)……
(教材P10)It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.
當(dāng)時(shí)的英語(yǔ)更多是以德語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)，而不是我們今天所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——完成句子
①As far as I know, she__was__more__sad__than__angry(與其說(shuō)她生氣倒不如說(shuō)她傷心) when her son lied.
②(2017·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))Paper-cutting is a traditional art form in China with__a__history__of__more__than__1，500__years(有1 500多年的歷史)．
[能力提升]——詞匯/句式升級(jí)
③(普通表達(dá))When I heard what my teacher said, I was very glad and my heart beat wildly.
(高級(jí)表達(dá))Hearing__what__my__teacher__said,__I was more__than__delighted and my heart beat wildly.(分詞作狀語(yǔ))

(1)more...than...　 與其說(shuō)……，倒不如說(shuō)……
(2)more than＋數(shù)詞或從句 超過……
more than＋形容詞 非?！?br /> more than＋名詞 不只是；不僅是……
(3)no more than 只不過；僅僅
not more than 不超過；至多
rather than 而不是
other than 除了　
[佳句背誦] The culture and customs of America are more like those of England than of any other country.
相比其他任何一個(gè)國(guó)家的文化和傳統(tǒng)， 美國(guó)的文化和習(xí)俗更像英格蘭的。
no such＋單數(shù)名詞，意為“沒有這/那樣的……”
(教材P13)Believe it or not, there is no such thing as standard English.
信不信由你，(世界上)沒有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)。
[基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)]——對(duì)比填空(that; as)
①There is no such thing__as failure. Failure is just life trying to move us in another direction.
②It’s such a difficult problem as we can’t work out.
③It’s such a difficult problem that we can’t work it out.
④There is no such wise person as you said in the world.
[能力提升]——完成句子
⑤從這段經(jīng)歷來(lái)看，我得出結(jié)論：通往成功的道路沒有捷徑。
From this experience, I draw a conclusion that there is no__such__thing__as__a shortcut to success.

句中“no such＋單數(shù)名詞”意為“沒有這/那樣的……”，其中單數(shù)名詞前不可再加冠詞，相當(dāng)于“not such a(n) ＋單數(shù)名詞”。
(1)such＋
(2)such...as...像……這樣的……，as在句中引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 　
[佳句背誦] As we know, there’s no such thing as a free lunch in the world.
眾所周知，世界上沒有免費(fèi)的午餐。


Ⅰ.詞形轉(zhuǎn)換和動(dòng)詞的形式變換(用所給詞的正確形式填空)
1．Environmental pollution is__recognized(recognize) to have become one of the most serious problems that people face.
2．The number of the people, who walk the dog outdoors, has__risen(rise) sharply in the past few years.
3．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually(actual) says more about the student.
4．(2018·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ書面表達(dá))After the film, each class is supposed to have a discussion and all the students are__requested(request) to make comments and express their views about the film.
5．It is not difficult for me, because I master its basic(base) use.
6．(2018·浙江卷6月應(yīng)用文寫作)And I treasure this as a good chance to broaden my view as well as improve my spoken(speak) English.
Ⅱ.固定用法和搭配(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
1．Though friends play an important part in our lives, we now lack time to communicate with them face to face.
2．He is a good teacher of my life and would do anything for me. That’s why my father is my hero.
3．I have two good friends, Mary and Lily. The former is good at dancing, and the latter can speak Danish fluently.
4．She was more worried(worry) than angry when her daughter didn’t come home on time.
5．I would also like to know how he felt in space and whether space travel is such great fun as I have read.
Ⅲ.易錯(cuò)誤用(改正下列句子中的錯(cuò)誤)
1．I believe that you will be able to speak English fluent in one month.fluent→fluently
2．If you have good command of foreign languages, you’ll have no difficulty working in this company. 在good前加a
3．As the weather gradual becomes warmer and warmer, he will pick up soon.gradual→gradually
4．They are faced with the same kinds of challenges and problems in life like you are.like→as
5．As far as I know, he was very angry because what you said just now. 在because后加of
6．Although this is the first time that the plan has been come up at the meeting, it has caused much concern.刪除been或在up后加with
Ⅳ.熟詞生義(根據(jù)具體語(yǔ)境寫出加黑詞的詞性及含義)
1．(2019·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ完形)At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3，000 meters, giving way to lands of low growing plants.n.基地
2．(2019·浙江卷6月)We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal.認(rèn)可，贊賞
3．Large football clubs benefit financially from TV income and the top players can command very large salaries.vt.應(yīng)得；博得

提能一　語(yǔ)段填空(在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式)
(一)
In the job interview, Mary’s 1.fluency(fluent) in English is an advantage over the other candidates. From the 2.expression(express) of the interviewers, she knows she is 3.gradually(gradual) winning their 4.recognition(recognize). She keeps calm and feels a bit proud that she has satisfied their 5.basic(base) requirements. But she knows if she is admitted to the company, she will 6.frequently(frequent) go abroad on business.
(二)
Yesterday, John was commanded 1.to__finish(finish) the work in a day. The job 2.was__recognized(recognize) to be the toughest one at that time. Based 3.on/upon the previous experience, he knew it was impossible to finish it in such a short time, feeling upset. He had no choice but 4.to__request(request) help from his friends face to face.
提能二　話題寫作(用本單元詞匯、句式和語(yǔ)法知識(shí)寫滿分作文)
假設(shè)你是李華，你的朋友Tom因?yàn)槭堋皾h語(yǔ)熱”的影響決定學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)，來(lái)信向你咨詢。請(qǐng)你給他寫封回信，說(shuō)明漢語(yǔ)流行的原因，并提出幾條學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的建議。
1．補(bǔ)全要點(diǎn)句(黑體部分請(qǐng)用本單元所學(xué)詞匯)
①目前，有很多外國(guó)人學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)，因?yàn)橹袊?guó)在世界上起著越來(lái)越重要的作用。
At__present,__there are a__number__of__foreigners learning Chinese, because China is__playing__an__increasingly__important__part__in__the__world．
②精通漢語(yǔ)，你就能更好地了解中國(guó)這個(gè)有著5 000多年歷史的國(guó)家。
With__a__good__command__of__Chinese,__you will get a better understanding of China, a country with a history of more__than__5，000__years．
③至于學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)的建議，我想說(shuō)世界上沒有免費(fèi)的午餐。
As for the advice of learning Chinese, I would say there__is__no__such__thing__as__a__free__lunch__in__the__world．
④說(shuō)一口流利的中文應(yīng)該以勤奮為基礎(chǔ)。
Speaking__fluent__Chinese/Speaking__Chinese__fluently__should__be__based__on__hard__work.
⑤利用一切機(jī)會(huì)練習(xí)漢語(yǔ)，你用得漢語(yǔ)越多，你就學(xué)得越好。
Make__use__of__every__opportunity/chance__to__practise__Chinese—the more you use Chinese, the better you will learn it.
⑥即使在學(xué)習(xí)漢語(yǔ)時(shí)會(huì)出現(xiàn)許多問題，你也不應(yīng)該放棄。
Even__if/though__many__problems__may__come__up in learning Chinese, you should not give up.
2．升級(jí)平淡句
⑦用“that is because...”句式升級(jí)句①
At__present,__there__are__a__number__of__foreigners__learning__Chinese,__and__that__is__because__China__is__playing__an__increasingly__important__part__in__the__world.
⑧用強(qiáng)調(diào)句式升級(jí)句②
It__is__with__a__good__command__of__Chinese__that__you__will__get__a__better__understanding__of__China,__a__country__with__a__history__of__more__than__5，000__years.
3．銜接成美文(注意使用適當(dāng)?shù)倪^渡銜接詞匯：therefore, to begin with, most importantly)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
One possible version：
Dear Tom，
At present, there are a number of foreigners learning Chinese, and that is because China is playing an increasingly important part in the world. It is with a good command of Chinese that you will get a better understanding of China, a country with a history of more than 5，000 years.
As for the advice of learning Chinese, I would say there is no such thing as a free lunch in the world. Therefore, speaking fluent Chinese should be based on hard work. To begin with, make use of every opportunity/chance to practise Chinese—the more you use Chinese, the better you will learn it. Most importantly, even if/though many problems may come up in learning Chinese, you should not give up.
Yours，
Li Hua

(建議用時(shí)：35分鐘)
Ⅰ.閱讀理解
A
(2020·重慶第一次調(diào)研)Would a faster reading speed mean that we could learn more? Some people claim that it’s possible. In July last year, the six-time speed reading champion Anne Jones sat down to read Harper Lee’s Go Set a Watchman. Just 25 minutes and 31 seconds later, she finished it—which equals a reading rate of around 3，700 words per minute. Jones runs training courses teaching speed reading, recall and concentration techniques and there are numerous speed reading apps that have appeared on the market over the past few years. But do they actually work?
First, we need to understand how we read. The human eye movement system is central to our reading ability. Read over that sentence again, and think about how your eyes scan across the words. They don’t move smoothly over them. Instead, they make a series of short, sharp jumps, skipping over a few characters before briefly landing on a word. The movements are known as saccades(掃視) and the pauses are called fixations.
Reading isn’t just about seeing the words—you need to comprehend them to build up a picture about what the text means. People are able to get through a block of text faster, but at the cost of accuracy and understanding. In other words, if you use a speed reading app, then you’ll probably get the gist(主旨) of a piece of text, but you’ll struggle to recall details about what you’ve just read.
So, does speed reading work? Well, yes and no. It really depends on what you’re reading and why you need to read it. As yet, there isn’t a trick that enables you to read a piece of text both quickly and accurately—there’s always going to be a trade-off．
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了快速閱讀有一定作用。快速閱讀雖然能把握文章的主旨，但是回憶細(xì)節(jié)還需要時(shí)間。
1．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Speed reading is bad at times.
B．Speed reading is a waste of time.
C．Speed reading can work sometimes.
D．Speed reading is always enjoyable.
C　解析：主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段尾句“But do they actually work？”可知，文章第一段對(duì)快速閱讀是否有用提出疑問；接著第二段介紹了閱讀能力與眼睛運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)有關(guān)，結(jié)合第三段尾句可知，使用速讀應(yīng)用程序你很可能把握主旨大意，但是文章細(xì)節(jié)不一定能掌握。據(jù)此可推知，快速閱讀有時(shí)是有用的，故C項(xiàng)正確。
2．What can we know from the passage?
A．Reading apps ensure we read much faster.
B．Fast reading makes us learn more knowledge.
C．Reading is no more than seeing the text words.
D．Reading ability is related to the eye movement system.
D　解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句“The human eye movement system is central to our reading ability.”可知，人的眼睛運(yùn)動(dòng)系統(tǒng)對(duì)我們的閱讀能力很重要，故D項(xiàng)正確。
3．What does the underlined word “trade-off” most probably mean in the last paragraph?
A．Balance. B．Change.
C．Business. D．Bargain.
A　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)最后一段尾句“As yet, there isn’t a trick that enables you to read a piece of text both quickly and accurately—there’s always going to be a trade-off．”可知，到目前為止，還沒有一種技巧可以讓你既快速又準(zhǔn)確地閱讀一篇文章——這總要一種平衡。據(jù)此可推知，畫線詞意為“平衡”，故A項(xiàng)正確。
4．What might the writer continue to talk about?
A．The advantages of faster or slower reading.
B．The reasons why we do faster or slower reading.
C．The cases where to do faster and slower reading.
D．The methods for making use of faster or slower reading.
C　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段尾句“As yet, there isn’t a trick that enables you to read a piece of text both quickly and accurately—there’s always going to be a trade-off.”可知，到目前為止，還沒有一種技巧可以讓你既快速又準(zhǔn)確地閱讀一篇文章——這總要一種平衡。據(jù)此可推知，文章接下來(lái)可能闡述在什么情況下進(jìn)行速讀以及在什么情況下進(jìn)行慢讀，故C項(xiàng)正確。
【難句分析】　Jones runs training courses teaching speed reading, recall and concentration techniques and there are numerous speed reading apps that have appeared on the market over the past few years.
分析：該句由and連接的兩個(gè)分句構(gòu)成，其中第二個(gè)分句為主從復(fù)合句，句中“that have appeared on the market over the past few years”為that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞“speed reading apps”， that在從句中作主語(yǔ)。
譯文：瓊斯開設(shè)了速讀、記憶力和集中注意力技巧的培訓(xùn)課程，且在過去幾年中市場(chǎng)上出現(xiàn)了大量的速讀應(yīng)用程序。
B
(2020·沈陽(yáng)監(jiān)測(cè)一)Language learning apps are very popular now and offer opportunities to learn vocabulary and practice grammar. But there has been a discussion about just how effective such apps can be.
Among the most popular apps are Duolingo and Busuu. Previous research found positive results on the use of them. But these apps mainly concentrated on study with learners who had signed up for language courses and they only worked as after-school support, so the results were not always reliable. A recent study of 4，095 Busuu users has been carried out aimed to find out if users can actually learn a language with an app.
Busuu provides learning materials for 12 different languages. It offers a special model where some content is available for free while some content is not. We find that its users are an even mix of men and women. More than half consider themselves to be at the beginner level as there is a decrease in users as their language levels go up. Most people use the app because of personal interest, or because they want to study or live abroad. Female users tend to use it less often but for longer periods of time than male users.
Getting any feedback on Busuu depends on whether your answer is correct or not. While it is helpful, this is not the sort of feedback language teachers prefer, as it does not explain why the answer is right or wrong. In spite of this, feedback in the app is very highly rated.
More than 92% of respondents state that the app has met their expectations and 86% rate the app very highly. In fact, more than 80% of the users surveyed strongly agree that using the app has helped them improve their knowledge of the language they are learning.
Besides, language learning apps also create an environment where mistakes are only known to the users, and this can address the performance anxiety that many learners suffer from when asked to speak a foreign language. So language teachers should encourage their students to use them to do the grammar work, leaving precious class time for more language communication.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用程序的功能和作用。
5．The results of the former research weren’t always dependable because ________．
A．it was only carried out before class
B．it didn’t consider users in class
C．it just focused on positive rusults
D．it used out-of-date methods
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“But these apps mainly concentrated on study with learners who had signed up for language courses and they only worked as after-school support, so the results were not always reliable.”，并結(jié)合該段其他內(nèi)容可知，這些應(yīng)用程序主要關(guān)注已報(bào)名參加語(yǔ)言課程的學(xué)習(xí)者的學(xué)習(xí)，并且它們僅作為課后學(xué)習(xí)的補(bǔ)充。由此可推知，它并沒有將課堂上的使用者考慮在內(nèi)，所以這些研究結(jié)果并不總是可靠的，故B項(xiàng)正確。
6．What can we learn about the app Busuu from the text?
A．All the content is free to use.
B．Most users consider it satisfying.
C．It’s used by more advanced learners.
D．It’s more popular with female learners.
B　解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的內(nèi)容可知，回復(fù)調(diào)查的人中，超過92%認(rèn)為這款應(yīng)用程序已經(jīng)達(dá)到了他們的預(yù)期，86%對(duì)這款應(yīng)用程序評(píng)價(jià)很高，在被調(diào)查的用戶中，超過80%的用戶強(qiáng)烈贊同使用這款應(yīng)用程序幫助他們?cè)黾恿藢?duì)正在學(xué)習(xí)的語(yǔ)言的了解。據(jù)此可推知，大部分用戶認(rèn)為這款應(yīng)用程序是令人滿意的，故B項(xiàng)正確。
7．What does the underlined word “address” probably mean in the last paragraph?
A．Deal with. B．Write down.
C．Turn to. D．Speak of.
A　解析：詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)尾段第一句“Besides, language learning apps also create an environment where mistakes are only known to the users, and this can address the performance anxiety that many learners suffer from when asked to speak a foreign language.”可知，語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用程序還創(chuàng)造了一個(gè)只有用戶自己知道自己所犯錯(cuò)誤的環(huán)境，這可以解決許多學(xué)習(xí)者在被要求說(shuō)外語(yǔ)時(shí)所遭受的表現(xiàn)焦慮。由該句中的“the performance anxiety that many learners suffer from”，并結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可推知，畫線詞意為“解決”，故A項(xiàng)正確。
8．What is the main idea of the text?
A．Students won’t suffer anxiety in learning languages by using Busuu.
B．Language learning apps are effective and satisfactory to language learners.
C．Language learning apps are very popular with most language teachers.
D．Students should be required to use apps for homework after class.
B　解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章第一段點(diǎn)明了全文的主題，又結(jié)合文章的具體內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)用程序的功能和作用，即對(duì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)積極有效、令語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)者滿意，故B項(xiàng)正確。
【難句分析】　But these apps mainly concentrated on study with learners who had signed up for language courses and they only worked as after-school support, so the results were not always reliable.
分析：該句是由so連接的表因果關(guān)系的并列句；其中“who had signed up for language courses”為who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞learners。
譯文：但這些應(yīng)用程序主要關(guān)注已報(bào)名參加語(yǔ)言課程的學(xué)習(xí)者的學(xué)習(xí)，并且它們僅作為課后學(xué)習(xí)的補(bǔ)充，所以這些研究結(jié)果并不總是可靠的。
Ⅱ.七選五
(2020·成都畢業(yè)班摸底)We know that choosing a college major can be very hard. But have no fear! Your choice of major will not lock you into a specific career for the rest of your life. Here’s what you need to know about college majors before you choose.
What is a major?
1．________ Beyond general college requirements, you’ll also take a group of courses in a subject of your choosing such as Chemistry, Literature, or Political Science.
How important is my major?
The major you choose will neither predict nor guarantee your future. Many graduates find jobs that have nothing to do with what they studied in college. If you intend to earn a professional degree after college, you will probably need certain courses.2.________
When do I choose a major?
This varies widely across schools and programs. 3.________ Others require that you decide upon a major by the time that you set foot inside your first class.
4．________
Definitely. One of the most exciting aspects of college life is that it introduces you to new subjects and arouses new passions. However, keep this in mind: every major has necessary coursework. If you change your major late in the game, it may take more than the traditional four years to earn a degree.
What are minors and double majors?
If one field of study doesn’t satisfy your intellectual appetite, consider a minor. A minor is similar to a major in that it’s an area of academic concentration. 5.________ A double major provides you with an understanding of two academic fields. It allows you to become familiar with two sets of values and views while it also requires you to fulfill two sets of requirements.
A．Can I change my mind?
B．Is my major time-consuming?
C．It’s your specialized area of study in college.
D．Most students find one major is more than enough.
E．Some schools may give you one year or more to decide.
F．Many future science doctors major in non-science related fields.
G．The only difference is that it doesn’t require as many classes.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　我們知道選擇一個(gè)大學(xué)的專業(yè)是很難的，但不要害怕，你選擇的專業(yè)不會(huì)讓你只能從事特定的職業(yè)。本文介紹了大學(xué)選專業(yè)前應(yīng)了解的幾個(gè)方面，包括專業(yè)是什么，專業(yè)的重要程度，選專業(yè)的時(shí)間，是否能換專業(yè)以及什么是輔修課程和雙學(xué)位等。
1．C　解析：根據(jù)該段的標(biāo)題可知，空處應(yīng)是對(duì)標(biāo)題的問題作出了回答，故C項(xiàng)“它是大學(xué)里你學(xué)習(xí)的專業(yè)領(lǐng)域”符合語(yǔ)境。
2．F　解析：該段主要談到專業(yè)并非那么重要?？涨耙痪湔劦健叭绻愦蛩阍诖髮W(xué)畢業(yè)后獲得專業(yè)學(xué)位，你可能需要某些課程”，由此可推知，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)承接上文，再次說(shuō)明專業(yè)并非那么重要。故F項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。
3．E　解析：根據(jù)空后的“Others require that you decide upon a major by the time that you set foot inside your first class.”可知，其他的學(xué)校要求你第一次走進(jìn)教室就決定你選擇的專業(yè)，空處應(yīng)是說(shuō)明一些學(xué)校的做法，故E項(xiàng)“一些學(xué)?？赡芙o你一年或更多的時(shí)間決定”符合語(yǔ)境。
4．A　解析：此處考查段落小標(biāo)題。由該段中的“Definitely.”及“If you change your major late in the game, it may take more than the traditional four years to earn a degree.”可知，該段應(yīng)是談到可不可以改變主意(換專業(yè))，故選A項(xiàng)。
5．G　解析：空前一句談到輔修與主修的相似之處，空處應(yīng)是講兩者的不同之處，故G項(xiàng)“唯一不同的是，輔修不需要那么多的課程”符合語(yǔ)境。
Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空
(2020·合肥高三調(diào)研)
A Relay Event Brings Diverse Cultures Together
When Herman Kambugu received the good news he was expecting, he did something unusual. He ran for 32km in 1.____________(celebrate). Kambugu, who works for the Standard Chartered Bank(StanChart) in Uganda, was among the over 86，000 employees around the world who had attempted 2.____________(take) part in a relay across Belt and Road countries as a way to see how the Belt and Road Initiative is developing. Kambugu and seven more of his co-workers in StanChart’s offices around the world visited 44 destinations along the Belt and Road routes, 3.____________ helped them understand the initiative better.
Kambugu 4.____________(witness) how the Belt and Road Initiative is changing life for 5.____________ better in East Africa so far.“The Mombasa-Nairobi Railway has not only shortened transportation time, but also created over 20，000 jobs for local people in Kenya，” he said. Serena Leung from the Hong Kong office said 6.____________ she had seen during her journey impressed 7.____________(she). In some places, people greeted them in Mandarin. They spoke it 8.____________(fluently) than some people from Hong Kong, she said jokingly.
“By running together, we run further，” added Therese Neo, a customer manager from the Singapore office. As she saw it, the countries 9.____________ (participate) in the Belt and Road Initiative were like the 10.____________(runner). When they join forces, they have a better shared future.
【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】　為領(lǐng)略“一帶一路”倡議的發(fā)展，銀行職員Herman Kambugu和他的同事參加了穿越“一帶一路”沿途國(guó)家的接力賽。通過這項(xiàng)活動(dòng)，他們深刻體會(huì)到“一帶一路”倡議讓參與國(guó)的人民的生活更美好。
1．celebration　解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。介詞后常接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，根據(jù)空前的介詞in可知，空處應(yīng)填名詞celebration。句意：他跑了32公里以示祝賀。
2．to take　解析：考查固定用法。attempt to do sth.為固定用法，意為“嘗試做某事”。
3．which　解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞為空前的整個(gè)主句，故用which引導(dǎo)該定語(yǔ)從句。
4．has witnessed　解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)該句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“so far”可知，該句應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)；由該句主語(yǔ)Kambugu可知，主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)，故用has witnessed。
5．the　解析：考查冠詞。此處表示使生活變得更好，for the better“有所好轉(zhuǎn)”為固定搭配，故用定冠詞the。
6．what　解析：考查主語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句，作從句中had seen的賓語(yǔ)，表示“……的事物”，故用what引導(dǎo)該主語(yǔ)從句，表示“她所看到的”。
7．her　解析：考查代詞。空處作及物動(dòng)詞impressed的賓語(yǔ)，故用賓格代詞her。
8．more fluently　解析：考查副詞的比較級(jí)。根據(jù)該句中的“than”可知，空處用其比較級(jí)，修飾動(dòng)詞spoke，故可知答案。
9．participating　解析：考查現(xiàn)在分詞。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，the countries和動(dòng)詞participate之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式。
10．runners　解析：考查名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。runner為可數(shù)名詞，又因主語(yǔ)the countries為復(fù)數(shù)，故此處表示多個(gè)奔跑者，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。



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