高考頻度：★★★★★

【考點解讀】
在一篇約200詞左右的短文中留出10個空白，部分空白后面給出單詞的基本形式，要求考生根據上下文在空白處填寫1個適當的單詞或所給單詞的正確形式。
語法填空則更側重考查考生語法和詞匯在語境中的運用，強調詞匯的變形。同時強調語篇分析能力，凸顯交際性和語境化特征。
【考點統(tǒng)計】
2016—2019年高考新課標全國卷語法填空考點統(tǒng)計
年份
試卷類型
體裁
詞數
話題
考點分布
2019年
新課標卷I
說明文
185
介紹了北極熊的生存現狀
提示詞7個
61.同位語從句 62. 副詞用法
63. 介詞64. 非謂語動詞
65. 時態(tài)66. 名詞67. 非謂語動詞68. 形容詞比較級69. 定冠詞
70. 主謂一致。
新課標卷II
記敘文
195
九十高齡的Irene作為英國最年長的全職員工，，她被頒發(fā) “年度女士”稱號。
提示詞7個
61.非謂語動詞62.定語從句
63.副詞用法64.動詞時態(tài)
65.不定式作定語66.動詞時態(tài)
67.并列連詞68.非謂語動詞
69.冠詞用法70.形容詞作表語
新課標卷III
記敘文
180
作者去夏威夷度假途中的經歷以及到了主人家后受到的禮遇。
提示詞7個
61.副詞62.不定式63.介詞
64.定語從句65.一般過去時
66.名詞67.形容詞68.副詞
69.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)70.分詞
2018年
新課標卷I
說明文
196
跑步的好處，它可以幫助人們延年益壽
提示詞7個
61.副詞的級 62. 不定式63.動名詞64.時態(tài)65.比較句型66.定語從句67.名詞數68. 詞形變化
69.詞形變化。70.代詞或名詞
新課標卷II
說明文
208
中國為保護環(huán)境在農作物種植上做了一些變化并得到了世界上的知名人士的認可
提示詞7個
61.時態(tài)62. 冠詞63. 副詞64. 非謂語動詞65. 連詞66. 詞性轉換67.詞性轉換68. 時態(tài)69. 定語從句70. 省略句
新課標卷III
記敘文
193
在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此驚恐的經歷
提示詞7個
61.賓語從句62.冠詞63.最高級
64. 動詞65. 非謂語66. 名詞
67. 動詞短語68. 代詞69. 時態(tài)
70. 非謂語
2017年
新課標卷I
說明文
223
低脂肪、低鹽的飲食趨勢及其對人們健康的影響
提示詞7個
61. 介詞62. 名詞的數63. 非謂語動詞64. 謂語動詞65. 冠詞66. 比較級67. 主謂一致68. 非謂語動詞69. 形容詞70. 定語從句
新課標卷II
說明文
201
世界第一個地鐵的形成和發(fā)展
提示詞7個
61.名詞的數62.介詞63.非謂語動詞64.冠詞65.被動語態(tài)66.副詞67.代詞68. 時態(tài)69. 名詞70. 形容詞
新課標卷III
說明文
215
Sarah Thomas在學業(yè)和誘人的職業(yè)面前所做出的選擇。
提示詞7個
61. 非謂語動詞62. 冠詞63.時態(tài)和語態(tài)64. 定語從句65. 非謂語動詞
66. 名詞67. 名詞的數68. 介詞69. 動詞時態(tài)70. 副詞
2016年
新課標卷I
記敘文
197
作者的成都之旅及其與大熊貓之間的故事
提示詞7個
61.名詞62.時態(tài)和語態(tài)63.副詞64.介詞65.定語從句66.非謂語67. 非謂語
68.代詞69.復數70.冠詞
新課標卷II
說明文
192
緩解工作中的壓力的一些方法
提示詞7個
61.形容詞的比較級62.詞性轉換63. 主謂一致和時態(tài)64.介詞65.連詞66.名詞復數67. 詞性轉換68.冠詞
69.非謂語動詞70.祈使句
新課標卷III
說明文
196
筷子的材質和中國使用筷子的歷史及文化內涵
提示詞7個
61.and 連詞62.時態(tài)和語態(tài)
63.非謂語動詞 64.非謂語動詞
65.狀語從66.副詞67.定語從句
68.名詞69.時態(tài)和主謂一致
70.介詞

作為高考新題型的語法填空試題，近年高考英語該題型具有下面這些特點：文章以記敘文和說明文為主，文章長度控制在190～220詞，10道題中，有6～7個試題給出提示詞，要求考生；考查的要點分為詞法和語法兩部分，詞法部分包括：1)詞類的轉換，結合語境考查給出的提示詞的名詞、形容詞或副詞變化；2)介詞的固定搭配，名詞的復數形式及運用；語法部分包括：時態(tài)和語態(tài)的綜合運用，非謂語動詞，各種從句等。
從近年課標卷的語法填空試題看，給出提示詞的考點主要包括：詞類的轉換(名詞與動詞的轉換，形容詞與副詞的轉換）；形容詞比較級與最高級的變化；名詞單復數的變化；動詞的時態(tài)語態(tài)、情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣、謂語動詞與非謂語動詞的變化等。給出提示詞考點多為實詞，所填寫的詞匯根據語境和短文或對話內容可以是1～3個單詞。挖空分布均勻，考點的安排注重多樣化。不給提示詞的考點主要包括：連詞（并列連詞和從屬連詞）、介詞（動詞與介詞的搭配、介詞與名詞的搭配、代詞和冠詞等。
【解題技巧】
第一部分 有提示詞題目的解題技巧
有提示詞題目是指＂使用括號中詞語的正確形式填空＂這類題，近年來的高考題只考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)和被動語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、形容詞和副詞的比較級、詞類轉化等四種情況。
專題一　謂語動詞
【考點】
謂語
時態(tài)
主動
被動
一般現在時
do/does
am/is/are done
現在完成時
have/has done
have/has been done
現在進行時
am/is/are doing
am/is/are being done
一般過去時
did
was/were done
過去完成時
had done
had been done
過去進行時
was/were doing
was/were being done
一般將來時
will do
will be done
過去將來時
would do
would be done
【解題技巧】
當句子缺少謂語動詞時， 括號中的動詞就是謂語動詞。此時，要根據語境確定用哪種時態(tài)，根據主語與該動詞的主動或被動關系確定用主動語態(tài)還是用被動語態(tài)。具體解題技巧如下：
第一步：確定句中是否缺謂語或并列謂語，如缺謂語動詞，則填謂語動詞。
第二步：若為謂語動詞，就要看主語與謂語之間是主動關系還是被動關系，以確定用主動語態(tài)還是被動語態(tài)，同時還要根據語境考慮用哪種時態(tài)。
第三步：要注意主謂一致。

1.He ______(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.
【解析】在主語He后， pretend顯然是謂語動詞；giving it(the tiger)a voice的主語應當是He, 因此， and giving與謂語動詞是并列關系；由此推斷，謂語動詞應是過去進行時，故填was pretending。
【答案】was pretending
2.One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he ________ (find) that he had run out of salt.
【解析】在主語he后，find顯然為謂語動詞；由前面句意可知，此處為一般過去時，故填found。
【答案】found
3. I was on my way to the Taiyetos Mountains. The sun was setting when my car ________(break) down near a remote village.
【解析】在when后的分句中，my car是主語，其后的break應為謂語動詞；由全文可知，這是敘述過去的經歷，用一般過去時；再說was / were doing... when...did...是一個固定句型，when后面的句子的謂語用一般過去時， 表示＂正在做某事， 就在這個時候突然發(fā)生了另外一事＂， 故填broke。
【答案】broke
專題二 非謂語動詞
【考點】
非謂語(無時態(tài)，有語態(tài))
主動
被動
doing
being done
having done
have been done
to do
to be done
to have done
to have been done
【解題技巧】
當句中已有謂語動詞又沒有并列連詞與括號中的動詞并列，該動詞就是非謂語動詞。
此時，就要根據非謂語動詞的用法確定用具體的某種形式。如作主語或賓語，就用動名詞 (表一般意義)或不定式形式(表具體意義)；作目的狀語或在形容詞后作狀語，用不定式；作伴隨狀語或作定語，要根據與邏輯主語的關系，用現在分詞或過去分詞；有時也要根據句式搭配來確定，如see/hear/ notice sb.do/doing sth., spend...doing sth.等。具體解題技巧如下：
第一步：若句中已有謂語，也不是作并列謂語時，應為非謂語動詞。
第二步：根據非謂語動詞在句中所作句子成分、句式的特殊要求，或某些詞語的特殊要求，確定用哪種非謂語動詞形式。如作目的狀語一般用不定式形式，作主語或賓語用-ing形式或不定式，在enjoy, finish等動詞后作賓語用-ing形式，在decide, refuse等動詞后作賓語要用不定式形式等等。
第三步：確定非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語是主動還是被動關系。
第四步：根據非謂語動詞的動作與謂語動詞的動作發(fā)生的先后關系確定用一般式還是用完成式。

1.I noticed a man ________ (sit) at the front.
【解析】句中已有謂語動詞noticed，且sit前沒有并列連詞， 因此sit是非謂語動詞；由固定句式notice sb. doing / do sth.(注意到某人在做/做了某事)可知填sitting或sit, 但根據文中提供的情境，不難推出作者＂注意到＂時，那個人是＂正坐在＂作者前面的，故填sitting更準確、更切實際、也更生動。
【答案】sitting
2.＂In the beginning, there was only a very small amount of unfairness in the world, but everyone added a little, always________(think) that it was only small and not very important, and look where we have ended up today.＂
【解析】此句已有謂語added，并且沒有并列連詞，又因為everyone與think為主動關系，故用thinking作added的伴隨狀語。
【答案】thinking
3.While she was getting me ________(settle) into a tiny but clean room, the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car...
【解析】由settle sb. into...(使某人舒服地處于某處)可知，me與settle是被動關系，要用過去分詞作賓補，故填settled，構成＂get＋賓語＋過去分詞＂結構。句中getting me settled into...的意思是＂安排我住進……＂。
【答案】settled
專題三 形容詞和副詞的比較級或最高級
【考點】
形容詞作定語，形容詞和副詞的比較等級或最高級，詞義比較等。
【解題技巧】
當括號中所給詞是形容詞或副詞，且空格處需要的仍是形容詞或副詞時，要根據語境，理解句意，若該詞意思不變，邏輯上講得通，就很可能填該詞的比較級(或最高級)；若需要用與該詞意義相反的詞邏輯才通順的，就要在該詞前加表示否定或相反意義的前綴。注意：要善于分析語境，辨別省略了than...的隱性比較級。具體解題技巧如下：
第一步：分析結構，確定所給詞在句子中作定語還是狀語。
第二步：根據結構、語境或句子意義確定是填比較級還是最高級。

1.The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and love. Nothing could be ________(sweet)．
【解析】用nothing 與an act of kindness and love 相對比，這里是用比較級的否定形式表示最高級。
【答案】sweeter
2. If he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong. It might have made it a little______ (hard) for everybody because it meant they had to turn around, but that didn’t stop the kids in the class.
【解析】此處仍需填形容詞，結合上下文意思，＂任何人想看他可能會顯得有點難，因為要轉過頭來。＂應填比較級harder。
【答案】harder
3.He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, but he felt very happy since the crop did ＂grow＂ ________(high)．
【解析】此處grow表示become，為系動詞，系動詞后應用形容詞作表語，而high本身就是形容詞，無需作詞類轉換；由語境可知，比拔苗前＂更高了＂，故用high的比較級higher。
【答案】higher
專題四 詞類轉換
【考點】詞類轉換多以派生詞變化為主：
形容詞→副詞
wide→widely
形容詞→形容詞比較級/最高級
wide→wider/widest
形容詞→名詞
wide→width
形容詞→動詞
wide→ widen
動詞→名詞
instruct → instruction (s)
特殊變性
happy →happily, simple →simply，
true →truly, arrange →arrangement，
judge →judgment
【解題技巧】
當空格處所需詞類與括號中所給詞的詞類不同時，就需要詞類轉化。我們可據以下3條規(guī)則順利解題：
(1)作主語或賓語用名詞形式；(2)作定語、表語或補足語用形容詞形式；(3)修飾動詞、形容詞或另一副詞，作狀語，用副詞形式。具體解題技巧如下：
第一步：分析結構，確定要填的詞在句中充當哪種句子成分。在名詞前作定語、在系動詞后作表語、作主語和賓語的補足語，一般要用形容詞；修飾動詞、形容詞或副詞，或修飾整個句子，作狀語，用副詞；作主語或賓語用名詞，或者在冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格后，用名詞。
第二步：根據構詞法將括號中的詞變成所需要的詞類。
注意：
1. 有時不但要注意詞性轉換，而且還要考慮用表示相反意義的前綴或后綴， 其邏輯意義才通順；
2. 當所給詞的詞性與空格處所需詞的詞性相同時， 無需改變詞性， 就可能是加只改變詞義但不改變詞性的前綴了。

1.For some reason he sat beside Mary. Mary felt__________(please), because there were many empty seats in the room.
【解析】felt為連系動詞，后面要接形容詞或分詞作其表語，因此變成形容詞性分詞pleased。
【答案】pleased
2. Jane knew from past experience that her________(choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.
【解析】在that引導的賓語從句中作主語應當用名詞，或者說，在形容詞性物主代詞后，一定是用名詞形式，故填choice。
【答案】choice
3. He failed his maths examination because of his________(care) work.
【解析】在名詞前作定語， 要用形容詞； 由failed...可知， 要填表示否定意義的careless(粗心大意的), 意義才通順。
【答案】careless
4.In Alaska, the wolf almost ________(appear) a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport.
【解析】在句中作謂語， 應填謂語動詞； appear本身就是動詞， 無需作詞性變化； 但是根據后文可知， 意思是＂狼在幾年前就差不多消失了＂， 故填與appear意義相反的disappear; 又由a few years ago可知， 要用一般過去式。
【答案】disappear
第二部分 無提示詞題目的解題技巧
無提示詞題目指的是＂在空白處填入適當的內容（1個單詞）＂這類題，五年來，這類題只考代詞、冠詞、關聯詞和介詞。那么什么情況下填代詞？何時填冠詞？何時填關聯詞？ 何時填介詞呢？
專題一　代詞
【考點】不定代詞、指示代詞和替代詞的用法，it 的用法和人稱代詞的主格和賓格。
人稱代詞
(主格/賓格)
反身代詞
名詞性物
主代詞
常考的不定代詞
指示代詞
I/me
myself
mine
other/
another
this/
that
you
yourself/
yourselves
yours
both/neither/either
he/him
himself
his
all / none
she/her
herself
hers
nothing/
nobody
these/
those
it
itself
its
everything/
everybody
we/us
ourselves
ours
anything/
anybody
they/them
themselves
theirs
something/
somebody
【解題技巧】
當句子缺主語或賓語時，填代詞：人稱代詞主格和賓格、指示代詞或it。因為充當主語或賓語的應是名詞或代詞，而在語法填空的純空格中一般是不要求考生填名詞的，所以只要句子缺主語或賓語，就填代詞。此時，要根據前后語境，看該空格是指人還是事物，指男還是指女，是單數還是復數。除人稱代詞外，也有可能是填不定代詞等。還有可能是填作形式主語或形式賓語的it，替代后面作真正的主語或賓語的不定式、動名詞或從句。解題技巧如下：
第一步：分析句子結構。若句子缺主語，則要填代詞主格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it；若動詞或介詞后面缺賓語，則要填代詞的賓格、指示代詞、不定代詞或it。如果該賓格與主語是同一人，應用反身代詞。
第二步：理解句子意思。根據各個代詞的意義和用法，以及句子所需的意義，填入合適的代詞。

1.Behind him were other people to whom he was trying to talk, but after some minutes ________ walked away and sat near me, looking annoyed.
【解析】因but后的并列句中缺主語，應填代詞； 根據語境，不難推斷坐到我附近的應是他后面的那些人，即other people， 指人，是復數，作主語，應當填they。
【答案】they
2. I rose from my seat I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had an amazing conversation. He got off the bus before me and I felt very happy the rest of the way home. I’m glad I made a choice. It made ______ of us feel good.
【解析】此處作made的賓語，用代詞，由上文＂We (I and the mentally disabled man) had an amazing conversation＂可知，指作者和那個智障人，故填both。
【答案】both
3.＂Do you need those glasses for medical reasons？＂...Then he took________ off, gave a big smile and said,
＂That is cool.＂
【解析】空格處于動詞took和介詞off之間，該處缺賓語，指代前面的glasses。
【答案】them
專題二 限定詞
【考點】冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞或作定語用的不定代詞：
冠詞
形容詞性物主代詞
作定語用的代詞
a(一個)
my
some (一些)
your
an(一個)
his
another (另一個)
her
the(那個，這個)
its
other (其他的)
our
their
【解題技巧】
在作主語、賓語或表語的名詞或＂形容詞＋名詞＂前，一般要用限定詞。
限定詞是指冠詞、形容詞性物主代詞，或可以作定語的不定代詞等。此時，要根據句子的意思來確定空格的語境意義，由此來判斷具體填什么詞。如表示特指，大體相當于＂這、這些、那、那些＂時用the；表示＂一(個、本、座……)＂時用不定冠詞a或an；表示＂某人的＂，用物主代詞；表示＂一些＂用some，表示＂另一個＂用another，表示＂其他的＂用other等。解題技巧如下：
第一步：分析句子結構。若空格后的名詞或者＂形容詞＋名詞＂前沒有形容詞性物主代詞、不定代詞、冠詞等限定詞時，很可能是填限定詞。
第二步：理解句子意思。根據所需意義選擇恰當的限定語，如需＂一(個、座、次……)＂填不定冠詞，需
　　　?。⒛橙说模⑻钗镏鞔~，需＂其它的＂填other。

1. I sat next to the man and introduced myself. We had_________ amazing conversation.
【解析】作賓語的名詞amazing conversation前應填限定詞；根據習慣搭配可知填不定冠詞an，因為have a conversation 意為＂談話＂。
【答案】an
2. But she quickly realized that it wasn’t her, it was probably the fact that she sat in ________ last row.
【解析】last row為＂形容詞＋名詞＂前沒有限定詞，根據結構應該填限定詞，the last...為固定搭配。
【答案】the
3. The head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to ________small town some 20 kilometres away where there was a garage.
【解析】作賓語的名詞small town前應填限定語； 由句意可知， 此處指將車拉到離那里大約有20公里遠的＂一個小鎮(zhèn)＂去修， 表示＂一個＂， 用不定冠詞， small以輔音開頭， 故填a。
【答案】a
專題三　介詞
【考點】
before在(時、空)之前
across 橫過、在……上
till 直到……
like 像……
after在(時、空)之后
through 在……中穿過
for 表原因、目的
to 表方向
above在……上面
by 在……旁邊，乘船、車等
behind在……后面
of 表所屬關系
over 在……正上方
with 表伴隨(具有)
beside 在……旁
around 在……周圍
under 在……正下方
at、in、on表時間、地點
near附近……
up向上
on 在……表面
between表在二者之間
along沿著……
down向下
in 在……里面
among表在三者之間
from 來自……
off 遠
as作為
beyond
超出……范圍
toward 朝、
向……

【解題技巧】
當空格后的名詞、代詞或動名詞不是作主語、表語，也不是作動詞的賓語時，填介詞。因為名詞和代詞最典型的用法是作主語或賓語，既然不作主語和動詞的賓語，就應是作介詞的賓語了，所以要填介詞。具體填什么介詞，由介詞與該名詞的搭配及其意義來決定，也可能是由動詞或謂語與介詞的句式搭配來決定。具體解題技巧如下：
第一步：若空格后是名詞、代詞、動名詞或what從句，且他們不是作主語或作動詞的賓語時，很可能就是填介詞。
第二步：根據具體的語境或空格所在的句子意思來確定填哪個介詞。

1. I didn’t want to be laughed at for talking to him but I didn’t like leaving him ________his own either.
【解析】his own在句中不作主語， 也不作動詞的賓語，就應是作介詞的賓語，空格處應填介詞；on one’s own(＝alone)是固定搭配，所以填on。
【答案】on
2. The new boy looked at the teacher _______ a few seconds and all the other students wondered what the boy would do.
【解析】a few seconds在句中不作主語，也不作動詞的賓語，就應是作介詞的賓語，空格處應填介詞；表時間段應該用介詞for。
【答案】for
3. The only reason a man would sell sale________ a lower price would be because he wait desperate for money.
【解析】名詞a low price 在句中不作主語，也不作動詞的賓語，應為介詞的賓語，根據習慣搭配可知，用介詞at。
【答案】at
專題四　關聯詞
【考點】
定語從句
關系代詞
who (主語)　whom (賓語)　that(主語/賓語)　which(主語/賓語)　whose(所有格)
關系副詞
when(時間)　where(地點)　why(原因)　how(方式)
名詞性
從句
連詞
that，if，whether
連接代詞
that，which，who，whom，whose，as，what，whether
連接副詞
when，why，where，how(＋ever)
連詞
因果關系
because, as, since, so
轉折關系
though, but
假設關系
if, unless　
讓步關系
though, although
時間關系
when, while, as, before, after, until, since
結果關系
so...that...，such...that...
比較關系
as...as...，than
【解題技巧】
當空格前后都是句子(一個主謂關系算一個句子)，且這兩個句子之間沒有關聯詞時，填關聯詞；若并列的兩個或幾個單詞或短語之間沒有連詞，填表示聯合、選擇、轉折等意義的連詞(and/but/so/or)；從屬句間常依據句子的屬性是名詞性從句、形容詞性從句還是副詞性從句來確定其關聯詞。具體解題技巧如下：
第一步：分析結構，若兩個句子(有兩個主謂結構)之間，沒有句號或分號，也沒有連接詞，空格必填連接詞(此處的連接詞包括并列連詞，如：and, but, or, while, so, for等；引導狀語從句的從屬連詞；引導定語從句的關系代詞和關系副詞；引導名詞性從句的連接代詞、連接副詞和連詞that, if, whether)。
第二步：根據兩句之間的意義和邏輯關系，或根據句式結構來確定是并列結構還是某種主從復合句。
第三步：若是主從復合句，要根據從句的特點，結合連詞的意義和作用，確定填具體的某個連接詞。

1. Behind him were other people to ________ he was trying to talk，...
【解析】空格前后都是句子且這兩個句子之間沒有關聯詞， 應填關聯詞； 后面一句應當這樣理解he was trying to talk to the people, 可見， 后面一句是定語從句， 先行詞是people, 直接在介詞后應用關系代詞whom引導定語從句。
【答案】whom
2. _______ he thought he could escape attention by sitting at the back, he was wrong.
【解析】該處為兩個簡單句，應填關聯詞，根據句意可知為讓步關系。
【答案】Though/ Although
3.The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered _________ the boy would do.
【解析】空格前后都是句子且這兩個句子之間沒有關聯詞， 應填關聯詞；該處缺賓語，what引導賓語從句。
【答案】what
專題五　情態(tài)動詞和助動詞
【考點】
情態(tài)動詞1
can，will，shall，may，must，need
情態(tài)動詞2
could，would，should，might
助動詞1
do，does，did
助動詞2
have，has，had
【解題技巧】
1．若句子結構較完整，空格后的謂語動詞是原形，特別是與上下文時態(tài)不一致或主謂不一致時，很可能是填情態(tài)動詞，或強調謂語的do, does, did, 或構成部分倒裝的助動詞do，does，did等；
2．還要注意有可能是部分倒裝，填助動詞have，has，had與主語后的過去分詞以構成完成時；
3．填it或that，以構成it is/ was...that...這個強調句型。

1. Listen to these words from Darwin P．Kingsley: ＂You have powers you never dreamed of. You can do things you never thought you ________do. There are no limitations in what you can do except the limitations of your own mind.＂
【解析】因空格后的do是原形，而thought是一般過去時，所以空格處應當是填情態(tài)或助動詞；又由前面You can do things和后文的you can do可以得到啟示，此處也填can, 只不過用其過去式(由thought可知)，故填could。句意是＂你能做你(以前)從未想到過你能做的事＂。
【答案】could
2. I explained that while I didn’t carry any cash, I________ happen to have a new blanket, and asked him if he could use it. He was thrilled.
【解析】因謂語動詞happen是原形，而前后語境的謂語動詞都是過去式，時態(tài)不一致，所以此處應填情態(tài)動詞或助動詞；由句意＂我解釋說， 雖然我沒有帶現金， 但我的確恰好有一張新毯子＂， 故填助動詞did，對謂語動詞進行強調。
【答案】did
第三部分 特殊句式及固定搭配
專題一 特殊句式
考點一 倒裝句
1.在英語中，把謂語全部放在主語之前的倒裝句，稱為完全倒裝句。常見的完全倒裝句有以下幾種：
①在there引導的句子中，謂語是be, exist, live, lie等表示狀態(tài)的動詞時，用完全倒裝句。
②地點狀語位于句首，主語為名詞且謂語為不及物動詞時，用完全倒裝句。
③作表語的形容詞、分詞或介詞短語置于句首時，用完全倒裝句。
④表示地點和動作轉移的副詞，如:here, there, up, down, in, away, out等置于句首且主語是名詞時，句子用完全倒裝。
注意：當主語是代詞時，不倒裝。如：
?Here comes the bus./Here it comes.
2.在英語中，把助動詞、情態(tài)動詞或be動詞移到主語之前稱為部分倒裝。常見的部分倒裝句有以下幾種：
①當so/neither/nor位于句首時，可將其后的部分謂語置于主語之前，構成部分倒裝。
②＂only+狀語/狀語從句＂位于句首時，主句中的主語和謂語要部分倒裝。
③表示否定意義的副詞或介詞短語放在句首時要部分倒裝。此類副詞或介詞短語主要有not, little, hardly, never, by no means, on no condition, in no case, nowhere, seldom, nor等。
④在含有had/were/should的虛擬條件句中，可以省略if，將 had/were/should放在主語之前，構成部分倒裝。
⑤hardly...when..., no sooner...than..., not only...but also...等引導兩個分句，且hardly, no sooner, not only等提到句首時，前一個分句用部分倒裝，后一個分句不變。
⑥在so...that...句式中，如果so引導的部分位于句首，主句中的主語和謂語需要部分倒裝。
⑦as/though引導的讓步狀語從句中，將表語置于句首構成部分倒裝。

Only when he reached the tea-house _______he realize it was the same place he’d been in last year.?
【解析】分析句子結構可知，此處應該填助動詞did，構成倒裝句。句意：只有當他到達茶館時，他才意識到他去年也來過這家茶館。only修飾狀語從句when he reached the tea-house放在句首，主句要用部分倒裝語序，根據語境為一般過去時，所以填助動詞did。
【答案】did　
考點二 強調句
強調句型的基本結構為：It is/was+被強調部分+that/who...。在這個句型中，it沒有詞匯意義，只是引出被強調的成分。如果被強調的成分是表示人的詞，用who或that來連接都可以。如果是其他成分，則一律用that來連接。被強調部分錯綜復雜，容易與其他從句混淆。區(qū)分的方法是把句中的It is/was和that/who去掉，如果句子成立，且句意通順，就是強調句型，否則就不是強調句型。如：It is Jane that/who has been living in London since she left China.去掉It is和that/who，還原為Jane has been living in London since she left China.作為句子完全成立，由此可以判斷該句為強調句型。
使用強調句型的幾個注意事項：
(1)被強調成分是主語，who/that之后的謂語動詞應該在人稱和數上與原句中的主語保持一致。
?It is I who am right. 對的是我。
? It is he who is wrong.錯的是他。
? It is the students who are lovely.可愛的是學生們。
(2)被強調成分即使是在句子中作時間狀語、地點狀語、原因狀語等，也不能用when, where, because，而要用that。
?It was after the war was over that Einstein was able to come back to his research work again.正是在戰(zhàn)后愛因斯坦才得以重返研究工作。
?It was in front of the bank that the lady was robbed.那位女士是在銀行前面遭遇搶劫的。
?It was because of the heavy rain that he came late.他是因為下大雨來晚的。
(3)被強調成分是作主語的代詞時用主格，是作賓語的代詞時用賓格。It was he that helped me yesterday.昨天是他幫助了我。
?It was me that he helped yesterday. 他昨天幫助的是我。
(4)被強調部分既包括人又包括物，用that不用who。
?It was the things and people that they remembered that they were talking about.他們談論的是他們記得的人和事。
【易混易錯】
強調句型與主語從句、狀語從句、定語從句的區(qū)別
1.強調句型與主語從句的比較
強調句型將句子中的it is/was與that/who同時省去，句子仍然成立；而包含主語從句的句子用that從句代替it，句子成立。如：
?It was Li Lei’s brother that you met in the street yesterday.你昨天在街上遇到的是李雷的哥哥。
(本句若將It was 及that同時省去為：You met Li Lei’s brother in the street yesterday.句子同樣成立，因此本句是強調句型。)
?It is exciting that we have succeeded in sending up Shenzhou X.我們成功地發(fā)射了神舟十號這件事情真令人興奮。(本句若將It is 及that同時省去為：We have succeeded exciting in sending up Shenzhou X.顯然句子錯誤，因此，本句不是強調句型，that引導主語從句，it是形式主語。)
2.強調句型與定語從句的比較
強調句型中的it沒有實際意義，it is/was與that/who去掉后句子結構仍然完整。但定語從句中的it be和作主語的that去掉后句子結構不完整。
3.強調句型與狀語從句的比較
強調句型中的it is/was與that/who同時省去，句子仍然成立；而包含狀語從句的句子it是主語。如：
?It was 8 o’clock when they went home.他們回家時是8點。
(句中代詞it作主語，指代時間，when引導時間狀語從句)
?It was at 8 o’clock that they went home.他們是在8點回家的。
(本句是強調句型，at 8 o’clock是被強調部分)


It was not until near the end of the letter _______ she mentioned her own plan.?
【解析】分析句子結構可知，此處構成not until的強調句型，應填that。句意：直到將近信的結尾她才提到自己的計劃。本題為強調句型，被強調部分為not until near the end of the letter。原句為：She didn’t mention her own plan until near the end of the letter.。
【答案】that
考點三 祈使句

________(knock) at the door before you enter my room, please.?
【解析】分析句子成分可知，空格前沒有主語，后面有before引導的時間狀語從句，由此可判斷，此處構成祈使句，所以填knock。
【答案】Knock
專題二 固定搭配
考點1 常見詞組
as a matter of fact；be proud of； by the way；come from；according to；congratulate...on...；devote...to...；earn one’s living；keep one’s word； make up one’s mind； be concerned about...；catch up with...； keep an eye on...；concentrate on...等。
考點2 特殊固定用法
keep...doing sth.；prevent...from doing...；like doing...；need doing； feel like doing； get sth. done； have sth. done；have sb. doing/do sth.；enjoy doing； succeed in doing等。
考點3 常用句型
so/such...that...
It is...(for sb./of sb.) to do sth.
There is no doubt/need that...
There is no sense in doing sth.
It’s ( high) time that sb. did/should do sth.
It is no good/use doing sth.
not only...but also...
It is/was the first (second) time that sb. has done/had done sth.
It is no wonder that...
特殊句型結構及固定搭配在語法填空中主要考查對其掌握的熟悉程度，所以我們要善于積累，牢記固定搭配和特殊句型，答題時注意固定搭配的介詞、名詞、動詞的形式和特殊句型的形式主語、連接詞及相應時態(tài)的運用等。
代詞it在特殊句型中非常活躍，所以考生需要特別注意包含it的常用句型：
1.用在動詞 like, love, dislike, hate, appreciate等后作賓語。如：
?I hate it when people talk with their mouths full.我討厭人們滿嘴食物說話。
2.作形式主語或形式賓語
①用于＂It is+adj./n.+不定式或動詞-ing形式或that從句＂中。如：
?It is certain that he will succeed.他一定會成功。
②用于＂It seems/appears/happens/occurs to sb.+that 從句＂中。如：
?It occurred to me that I should ask the police for help.我突然想起我應該向警方求助。
③用于＂It looks as if/as though...＂中。如:
?It looks as if we’re going to miss the plane.似乎我們要誤了班機了。
④用于＂It is+過去分詞+that從句＂中。如:
?It is believed that he will be admitted to Beijing University.人們相信他將被北京大學錄取。
⑤用于＂think/find/make+it+adj./n.+不定式或動詞-ing形式或 that從句＂中。如：
?I make it a rule to walk two miles a day.我通常每天步行兩英里路。
⑥用于 take it for granted that..., bring it to one’s attention that...,see to it that...等句型中。如：
?We take it for granted that water is free at restaurants.我們認為在餐館里水免費飲用是理所當然的事情。
3.構成特定句型
①It is/has been...since...
?It is almost ten years since he enjoyed himself so much.將近有十年時間他沒這么高興過了。
②It was (not)/will(not) be...before...
?It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就感受到此處的危險。
③It is sb.’s turn to do sth.
?It’s my turn to look after the baby.輪到我看孩子了。

1.When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough _______ (cool) the house during the hot day;_______ the same time, they warm up again for the night.
【解析】根據語境可知，第一空處應該用動詞不定式，構成adj./adv.+enough to do結構，所以第一空填to cool；根據語境可知；第二空填介詞at，構成短語at the same time，表示＂同時＂。
【答案】to cool; at　
2. Keep________ (hold) your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility.
【解析】根據語境可知，此處作動詞keep的賓語，構成固定搭配，keep doing sth.意思是＂繼續(xù)做某事＂因此填動詞-ing形式。
【答案】holding
3.It took years of work ________(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.
【解析】It takes/took (sb.)+...+to do sth.為固定句型，意思是＂做某事花費(某人)多長時間＂。所以此處填動詞不定式。
【答案】to reduce　


題組一（2019年高考真題）
Cloze 1（2019·新課標I卷）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence ___61___ they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
Modem methods ___63___ tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive ___64___ (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ___65___ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a ___66___ (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(錯覺) that populations are ___68___ (high) than they actually are. Of ___69___ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
Cloze 2（2019·新課標II卷）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week. Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, ___62___ she opened with her late husband Les. Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，proud Irene ___64___(declare) she had no plans ___65___ (retire) from her 36-year-old business. Irene said，“I don't see any reason to give up work. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ___66___(make) over the years. I work not because I have to, ___67___ because I want to.”
Granddaughter Gayle Parks，31-who works alongside her in the family business-said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. She said，“We don't have any idea who put grandma forward. When we got a call ___68___ (say)she was short-listed，we thought it was ___69___ joke. But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of her. It's ___70___ (wonder).”
Cloze 3（2019·新課標III卷）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
On our way to the house，it was raining ___61___ hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take ___62___ (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
We were first greeted with the barking by a pack ___63___ dogs，seven to be exact. They were well trained by their masters ___64___ had great experience with caring for these animals. Our hosts shared many of their experiences and ___65___(recommend)wonderful places to eat，shop，and visit. For breakfast，we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard.
When they were free from work，they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting ___66___(compete)to watch，together with the story behind it. They also shared with us many ___67___(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were ___68___ (huge)popular with tourists. On the last day of our week-long stay，we ___69___(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars，___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
Cloze 3（2019·浙江卷）
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容(1個單詞)或括號內單詞的正確形式。
There are several reasons why school uniforms are good idea. First of all, uniforms help the school look smart. The students feel that they belong to a particular group. When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody ___56___ (have) to worry about fashion(時尚). Everybody wears___57___ same style of clothes. Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways, A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform. On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth ___58___gives off light in the dark. When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings, car drivers can ___60___ (easy) see them.
But can uniforms help improve school standards? The answer ___61___ this question is not clear. One study in America found that students' grades ___62___ (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms. But some students didn't want ___63___ (wear) the uniform. Other American studies showed no ___64___(connect) between uniforms and school performance.
School uniforms are ___65___ (tradition) in Britain, but some schools are starting to get rid of them. Some very good schools don't have a uniform policy. However, uniforms are still popular. Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms.
題組二（2018年高考真題）
Cloze 1（2018·新課標I卷）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years 61 (long) than non-runners. You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make you live forever, the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise … it’s probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to 68 (strength) your leg muscles (肌肉), avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy). If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.
Cloze 2（2018·新課標II卷）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ___68___ (start) a soil-Clozeing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
Cloze 3（2018·新課標III卷）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
I'm not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
題組三（2017年高考真題）
Cloze1(2017·新課標全國卷I)
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community（醫(yī)學界） 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease — the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food ___67___ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃點心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.
Cloze2（2017·新課標全國卷II）
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
In 1863the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62 work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63 (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64 top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines 65 (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66 (fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67 every day.
Later, engineers 68 (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道）, which became known to the tube. This development was only possible with the 69 (introduce) of electric-powered engines and lifts. The central London Railway was one of the most 70 (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
Cloze3(2017·新課標全國卷III)
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A-level course. But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 61 (rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6500 a day as 62 model in New York.
Sarah 63 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school to model full-time. But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66 (educate).
She has turned down several 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, ＂My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69 (come) first. I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 70 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don’t want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can’t model any more.＂
Cloze4(2017·浙江卷)
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當的內容（1個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。
Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56 (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57 (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long-lost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed 58 loudly that her daughter came running from the house. ＂She thought I had hurt 59 (I),＂says Pahlsson.
Sixteen years 60 (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61 (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters — then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn’t. Pahlsson and her husband 62 (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. ＂I gave up hope of finding my ring again,＂ she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63 (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64 it remained until the carrot’s leafy top accidentally sprouted (生長) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65 wonder.
題組四（名校模擬題）
Cloze 1(江西省上高二中2019屆高三5月全真模擬)
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入 1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
Almost all the ice covering the Bering Sea has melted(融化), scientists have confirmed, 1 (throw) communities living around 2 (it) shores into disorder. The region’s ice cover 3 (normal) lasts for at least another month, and this year it has disappeared earlier than any other year except 2017.
Living in 4 northern Pacific Ocean between Alaska and Russia, the Bering Sea is experiencing the climate change and has drawn attention this year for record-breaking levels of winter melting. In February, rising Arctic temperatures 5 (lead) to around half the region’s disappearing in the space of two weeks.
A report 6 (send) by the International Arctic Research Centre at the University of Alaska Fairbanks has outlined the real-world effects of these surprising environmental 7 (change) on the many communities 8 live in the Bering Sea region.
In their report, the International Arctic Research Centre scientists wrote that while not every year will be as bad as this one, ice 9 (form) is likely to remain low if the Bering Sea’s waters remain warm. They also warn that communities will need to “prepare for more winters 10 low sea ice and stormy conditions”.
Cloze 2(2019·江西高考模擬)
閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當的單詞或括號內單詞的正確形式。
Ballet is a formal kind of dance performance with a rich and interesting history. The word “ballet” comes from the French language, and 1. (be) based on the Italian word “balletto.” “Balletto” means a little dance. Ballet’s early roots began in Italy in the late 1400s. But it was in France 2. ballet developed into the form we know today.
The French ruler Louis the Fourteenth had a big influence 3. the direction of ballet in its early history. He ruled France for seventy-two years, 4. (start) in 1643. He started dancing as a boy and worked hard daily.
Louis the Fourteenth turned ballet into a form of dance that reflected 5. (he) power and influence. Ballet’s many rules and 6. (extreme) detailed movements expressed a person’s power and social relations. The king made sure that ballet became a 7. (require) for the people of his court. He also started the Royal Academy of Dance, 8. important people could learn this art. The aim of this dance was self-control, order and perfection.
Ballet slowly changed from a dance at the king’s court to one 9. (perform) by professional dancers. When Louis the Fourteenth died in 1715, ballet 10. (bring) to other parts of Europe and was developing in other ways.
Cloze 3(四川省成都市第七中學2019屆高三畢業(yè)班零診模擬考試 )
Chantelle Brow n-Young was not born with vitiligo (白癜風), but it has made her famous. She is the first supermodel with the skin condition, 1 causes areas of skin to lose their colour.
Chantelle was born in Toronto, Canada. At the age of four she started to develop 2 (patch) of white skin and 3 (diagnose) with vitiligo. No one really knows why one percent of people 4 (have) this skin condition, and there is no real cure.
At school, Chantelle was bullied for being different. The other kids often called her a ‘cow’, because of 5 way her skin looked. She moved school several times and finally left school at 16. From now on, she decided, she 6 (be) proud of her skin.
She got down to 7 (post) photos of herself on Facebook and soon was ‘spotted’ by a Canadian YouTube star, Shannon Boodram, who asked her to be in a music video. It was while she was doing that 8 her really ‘big break’ happened. Tyra Banks asked her to be on America’s Next Top Model.
She didn’t w in, but she became famous. Her 9 (profession) name now is Winnie Harlow , and she has nearly three million followers on Instagram.
Little 10 little, she is changing people’s ideas about what beauty is.
Cloze 4(安徽省江淮十校2019屆高三第二次聯考英語試題)
閱讀下面材料，在空白處填人適當的內容（1個單詞）或括號內單詞的正確形式。
Whether they' re playing on TV screens or pnnted in newspapers, adverts are everywhere.
Actually, it is quite normal for the average person 1 (live) in a city to see thousands of ads every single day. However, ads are not just a tool for getting people to buy things; they also serve 2 a window into cultures, societies and history.
Modern adverts began to appear in 3 18th and 19th centuries,since advances in printing techniques allowed more detailed images 4 (produce) in newspapers and magazines.
Looking at some of these early ads 5 (be) like taking a step back in time to another world. For example, an 1881 advert for French cigarettes 6 (promise) that its product would “give immediate relief" to a list of medical conditions, including breathing problems. And a 1955 US ad advised mothers to mix the sugary soft drink A 7 Up with 7 (they) baby's milk.
Nowadays, of course, the harmful 8 (effect) of both smoking and sugary drinks have been well known. But although these adverts seem 9 (usual) to us now, perhaps future generations may consider some of today's ads to be just as strange. It is believed that advertising can often be an indicator for 10 society considers to be socially acceptable and desirable at the time.
題組一
Cloze 1
【語篇解讀】本文為科普文類說明文，介紹了北極熊的生存現狀。
61. that
【解析】考查同位語從句。根據句子結構分析可知，主句為there be句型，且結構完整，空格后為同位語從句，解釋說明中心詞evidence的內容，故填that。
62. poorly
【解析】考查副詞用法。根據句意和結構分析可知，此處用副詞poorly修飾謂語動詞has been studied，意為“研究很少”。故填poorly。
63. of/for
【解析】考查介詞用法。此處tracking polar bear populations作Modern methods的定語，用of 連接，“methods of doing sth.”,意為“……的方法”，構成固定結構?；蛘咭鉃椤皩τ诟櫛睒O熊的方法”用for。故填of/for。
64. to perform
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。主系表結構之后，常用不定式作原因或目的狀語，句意：跟蹤北極熊的現代方法只是在二十世紀八十年代以來開始采用，并且在如此大區(qū)域內持續(xù)采用是昂貴的，故此處用to perform。
65. have reported
【解析】考查時態(tài)。根據上下文語境，尤其是時間狀語in recent years可知，主句用現在完成時態(tài)，故填have reported。
66. belief
【解析】考查名詞。根據其前不定冠詞和其后的同位語從句可知，空格處為名詞形式，故填belief。
67. noting
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據其前介詞by可知，此處用動名詞主動形式，故填noting。
68. higher
【解析】考查形容詞比較級。根據其后than they actually are可知，此處為形容詞的比較級，故填higher。
69. the
【解析】考查定冠詞。此處為特指，意為“在已知的19個北極熊亞種群中”，故填the。
70. are
【解析】考查主謂一致。根據three are declining，此處數詞six作主語，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用復數謂語，一般現在時，故填are。
Cloze2
【語篇解讀】本文為記敘文。講述了九十高齡的Irene作為英國最年長的全職員工，依然在寵物店做著朝九晚五的工作，沒有退休的打算，她被頒發(fā) “年度女士”稱號。
61.being
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據其前介詞for可知，此處用動名詞形式作賓語，故填being。
62.which
【解析】考查非限制性定語從句。分析句子結構可知，先行詞為the pet shop，在非限制性定語從句中作opened一詞的賓語，故用which。
63.finally
【解析】考查副詞用法。根據空格所處位置可知，此處應用副詞形式作狀語，修飾謂語動詞have been acknowledged，意為“最終得以認可”，故填finally。
64.declared
【解析】考查謂語動詞。根據上下文可知，該句主語為Irene，此處為謂語成分，根據后文had 以及said 可知用一般過去時態(tài)，故填declared。
65.to retire
【解析】考查不定式作定語。此處用to do sth做后置定語,用來修飾前面的名詞plan,表示“……的計劃”，故填to retire。
66.have made
【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據該定語從句中的時間狀語“over the years”可知，此處用現在完成時態(tài)，句意：我喜歡到這里來看看我的家人和我這些年來交到的朋友們。故填have made。
67.but
【解析】考查并列連詞。根據句意邏輯可知，此處為轉折關系，句意：我工作不是因為我不得不做，而是因為我想做。此處用but與前文not 呼應，構成“不是……而是 ……”之意，故填but。
68.saying
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據其后所接的賓語從句可知，此處用現在分詞形式saying作后置定語，解釋名詞call的內容，call與say是主動關系，故填saying。
69.a
【解析】考查冠詞用法。根據句意“我們還以為這是一個玩笑” 可知，此處joke為泛指，故填a。
70.wonderful
【解析】考查形容詞作表語。根據句子結構可知，在系動詞is之后用形容詞形式作表語，故填wonderful。
Cloze 3
【語篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。作者講述了他們去夏威夷度假途中的經歷以及到了主人家后受到的禮遇，主人熱情招待他們，還在工作之余帶他們參加了很多當地的活動。
61.
【解析】考查副詞。句意：在我們去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我們不能不想還要多久才能到達那里?！皊o…that…”意為“如此……以至于…”，引導結果狀語從句。故填so。
62.
【解析】考查不定式。句中的would提示我們作者還沒有到達那座房子，wondering后的句子不缺謂語，此處應填非謂語動詞，故填to get。
63.
【解析】考查介詞?！癮 pack of”意為“一群”。故填of。
64.
【解析】考查定語從句。句意：它們被他們的主人訓練地很好，它們的主人在照顧這些動物方面很有經驗。先行詞為masters（主人），且從句缺主語。故關系詞填who。
65.
【解析】考查一般過去時。句意：我們的主人跟我們分享了很多他們的經歷并推薦了一些很好的吃飯、購物和參觀的地方?！癮nd”前后兩個動作“shared”與“recommended”是并列關系，時態(tài)一致。故填recommended。
66.
【解析】考查名詞。由空格前的不定冠詞an與空格后的不定式to watch可以確定空格處應該填名詞形式。故填competition。
67.
【解析】考查形容詞。空格修飾名詞stories，應用形容詞形式，tradition的形容詞為traditional，故填traditional。
68.
【解析】考查副詞?？崭裉巻卧~修飾形容詞popular，應用副詞形式，huge的副詞為hugely，故填hugely。
69.
【解析】考查一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。由“on the last day of our week-long stay”可知，句子時態(tài)為一般過去時。根據句意：我們被邀請去參加一場私人音樂會，所以用被動語態(tài)。主語為we，故填were invited。
70.
【解析】考查分詞。本句謂語動詞為“were invited”，所以70題空格處動詞listen應用非謂語動詞形式。聽音樂這個動作是由we發(fā)出的，所以選用現在分詞形式。也可由and前后連接兩個并列的結構這一規(guī)律解題，and后meeting interesting locals為分詞形式，故空格處填listening。
Cloze4
【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了學生穿校服的幾個好處。
56. has/will have
【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：當每個學生在校穿校服時，沒有人會擔心時尚問題。本句是when引導的時間狀語從句，遵循主將從現原則，因此，主句可以使用將來時will do；根據語境可知，本文敘述的是客觀事實，因此，本句亦可用一般現在時，主語是nobody，謂語用has。故填will have/has。
57.the
【解析】考查冠詞。句意：每個人都穿相同風格的衣服。same是形容詞，意思是“相同的”，常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the。
58. that/which
【解析】考查定語從句。這是個限制性定語從句，先行詞是cloth，指物，從句中缺少主語，因此，可以用that或which引導。故填that/which。
59. cycling
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：當孩子們在黑暗的早晨步行或騎車上學時，汽車司機很容易看到它們。or連接兩個并列成分，根據or前的walking可知，此處要用cycling。故填cycling。
60. easily
【解析】考查副詞。分析句式可知，設空處所給詞是修飾動詞see，修飾動詞要用副詞，因此，用easy的副詞形式。故填easily。
61. to
【解析】考查介詞。句意：這個問題的答案不清楚。the key/answer to ...這是固定搭配，“……的答案是……”。故填to。
62. improved
【解析】考查時態(tài)。句意：美國的一項研究發(fā)現，在學校引入校服后，學生的成績有所提高。本句是after引導的時間狀語從句，前后時態(tài)保持一致，從句使用了一般過去式，主句用一般過去式。故填improved。
63. to wear
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：但是，有一些學生不想穿學生服。want to do sth想要做某事，這是want的固定用法。故填to wear。
64. connection/connections
【解析】考查名詞。句意：其他的美國研究表明校服和學校表現之間沒有聯系。no是形容詞，形容詞修飾名詞，位于名詞前，名詞可用復數也可用單數形式。connect是動詞，“聯系”的意思，因此，要用其名詞形式。故填connection/connections。
65. traditional
【解析】考查形容詞。句意：穿校服在英國是一個傳統(tǒng)，但是一些學校開始允許學生上學不用穿校服。are是系動詞，其后常用形容詞作表語，tradition是名詞，“傳統(tǒng)”的意思，因此，用其形容詞形式。故填traditional。
題組二
Cloze 1
【文章大意】 本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了跑步的好處，它可以幫助人們延年益壽。
61. longer　
【解析】考查副詞的比較級。醫(yī)學報告顯示：經常跑步的人比不跑步的人多活3年。根據than可知用比較級，故填longer。
62. to see
【解析】考查不定式作目的狀語。你不必跑地太快或時間太長就能看到它的好處。此處不定式作目的狀語，故填to see。
63.dying
【解析】考查動名詞。你也許喝酒、吸煙或超重，但仍然通過跑步會減少早亡的風險。此處of是介詞，其后用動名詞。故填dying。
64.is
【解析】考查動詞的時態(tài)。醫(yī)學報告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命。這里敘述的是一個事實，故用一般現在時。故填is。
65.than
【解析】考查比較句型。跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長壽命。根據文章中的more effective可知此處填than。
66.that或which
【解析】考查定語從句的關系詞。此處a study是先行詞，其在定語從句中作主語，故填that或which。
67.causes
【解析】考查名詞復數。一項研究表明，僅僅每天5到10分鐘的跑步，就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據句意用復數形式。故填causes。
68.strengthen
【解析】考查詞形變化。鍛煉以增強你腿上的肌肉。此處to是不定式符合，其后用動詞原形。故填strengthen。
69.energetic
【解析】考查詞形變化。跑步總是讓人充滿活力的。根據it’s可知，系動詞后用形容詞作表語。故填energetic。
70.it或running
【解析】考查代詞或名詞的用法。我們都應該試試跑步。此處give it a try意為：試試。此處it可以指running。故填it或running。
Cloze 2
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文中講述了中國為保護環(huán)境在農作物種植上做了一些變化并得到了世界上的知名人士的認可。
61. has grown
【解析】考查時態(tài)。since加時間點，主句要用現在完成時。句意：2011年以來，中國種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
62. the
【解析】考查冠詞。句意：玉米產量在過去25年里增長了近125%，而大米只增長了7%。故是特指在過去的25年里。故填the。
63. actually
【解析】考查副詞。句意：對肉的需求實際上是這種變化的背后原因。句子結構完整，用副詞修飾句子。故填actually。
64. to improve
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：為了改善水質政府鼓勵農民種植玉米而不是大米。沒有連詞可以且謂語動詞是encourages，故improve應該用非謂語動詞。此處表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
65. than
【解析】考查連詞。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根據關鍵詞less可知，填比較連詞。故填than。
66. pollution
【解析】考查詞性轉換。句意：這一轉變減少了中國較大的湖泊和水庫的污染，使人們的飲用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名詞作賓語，故填pollution。
67. global
【解析】考查詞性轉換。句意：中國約占全球化肥總消費量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名詞短語，故應該用形容詞修飾。故填global。
68.started
【解析】考查謂語動詞。句意：在2005年政府開始了一項土壤測試項目。本句是when引導的定語從句，由于時間是2005年，故用過去時。故填started。
69. that/which
【解析】考查定語從句關系詞。根據空后的謂語動詞gives可知，該空缺少主語，指代program并且引導后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
70. feeding
【解析】考查省略句。句意：中國在養(yǎng)活了中國人民的同時又保護了環(huán)境。這一做法為全世界的農業(yè)和糧食政策制定人提供了很有用的經驗?？崭裉幈硎菊谶M行的動作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原則：在時間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、，讓步狀語從句中，如果從句的主語和主句的主語一致且含有be動詞時，那么可以把主語和be動詞一塊省略。故填feeding。
Cloze 3
【文章大意】本文為記敘文。文章主要講述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此驚恐的經歷。
61. which/who
【解析】考查賓語從句。句意：我不確定哪一個更害怕，我，還是突然出現的雌性大猩猩。此處為賓語從句，空格處表示選擇，所以用which或者who。
62. the
【解析】考查冠詞。此處為固定短語at the top of，此處表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。
63. loudest
【解析】考查最高級。根據后面的of all可知，他聲音最大，所以用最高級loudest。
64. looking
【解析】考查動詞。動詞avoid后要加doing。此處表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
65. challenged
【解析】考查非謂語。根據語境可知，此處表示不直視他的眼睛，他就不會感到被挑戰(zhàn)性。feel為系動詞，表示“被挑戰(zhàn)”，用過去分詞challenged。
65. scientist
【解析】考查名詞。根據語境可知，我是一名科學家。scientist科學家。
67.for
【解析】考查動詞短語搭配。search for是固定搭配，表示“尋找”，表示“我”在尋找“我”研究的三只西部低地大猩猩。
68. them
【解析】考查代詞。此處做find 的賓語，所以用賓格them。
69. meant
【解析】考查謂語動詞。分析本句的句子成分可知，本句缺少謂語，再根據總體時態(tài)可知要用一般過去時，所以用meant。
70. to stay
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。固定短語allow sb to do允許某人做某事，應該用to stay。
題組三
Cloze 1
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章講述了對于食物中的脂肪和鹽分，人們的態(tài)度不一。脂肪和鹽分對于健康來說是必不可少的，但如果人們攝入過多的脂肪和鹽分，自身的健康將會受到損害。
61. as 考查介詞。句意：這一趨勢最初始于醫(yī)學界作為一種對抗心臟病的方法。as表示“作為，以……身份”，故填as。
62. effects 考查單復數。分析語境可知作者表達的意思是“一些不為人知的副作用”，根據前文的some可知“side effect”(副作用)有很多，故填effects。
63. to process 考查不定式。句意：他們被要求加工食物。require表示“要求”，require sb. to do sth.表示“要求某人做某事”，被動形式為“sb. be required to do sth.”(某人被要求做某事)。故填to process。
64. are removed 考查被動語態(tài)。句意：當脂肪和鹽分從食物中被去掉。分析可知fat，salt和move之間是被動關系，脂肪和鹽分是兩種東西，且是被人們去掉，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填are removed。
65. a 考查冠詞。固定短語as a result表示“結果”。句意：結果，人們將吃更多的食物去彌補損失的東西。故填a。
66. worse 考查比較級。句意：更糟糕的是，人們所吃快餐的數量增加了。故填worse。
67. is 考查主謂一致。句意：快餐食物中滿是脂肪和鹽。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一類食物，為不可數名詞，謂語動詞用單數形式。故填is。
68. eating 考查動名詞。句意：通過吃更多的快餐，人們將在飲食中攝入超過需求量的脂肪和鹽。根據前文中的by可知此處應該填名詞、動名詞，所以填eating。
69. careful 考查形容詞。句意：然而，注意不要走極端。分析語境可知be后面應該用形容詞作表語，故填careful。
70. which 考查非限制性定語從句。句意：很可能攝入過多的脂肪和鹽，那對健康沒有好處。分析可知which is not good for the health為非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面的整句話。
Cloze 2
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了地鐵的最初發(fā)展史。
61.crowds考查名詞，此處表示復數概念，crowd前沒有冠詞，且它是可數名詞，故填crowds。
62.from 考查介詞，to and from來回，故填from。
63.laying考查動詞，這里是由and連接的三個動詞-ing形式，故填laying。
64.the考查名詞，top是名詞，前要用冠詞，故填the.
65.were used考查被動語態(tài)，此處表示過去的被動，故填were used。
66.fairly 考查副詞，這里fair是形容詞，pleasant也是形容詞，所以需要將fair變?yōu)楦痹~來修飾形容詞，故填fairly。
67.it考查代詞，這里用it指代前句的railway,故填it。
68.managed 考查動詞，此處表示過去的情況，所以這里也應用一般過去時，故填managed。
69.introduction考查詞性轉換，空格前是the,后面應該是名詞，故填名詞introduction。
70.successful考查形容詞，空格前是most,其后要跟形容詞構成最高級，故填successful。
Cloze 3
【文章大意】本文主要介紹了Sarah Thomas在學業(yè)和誘人的職業(yè)面前所做出的選擇，她認為在青少年時期要把學業(yè)放在首位。
61. resting 考查非謂語動詞。固定短語：spend time doing sth花費時間做某事。
62. a 考查冠詞。model是可數名詞，前面沒有限定詞，而此處泛指 ＂一個＂，故填a。
63. was told / has been told 考查動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據語境可判斷出謂語動詞應該用一般過去時或現在完成時的被動形式，又因主語Sarah是第三人稱單數，故填was told / has been told。
64. who 考查定語從句。非限制性定語從句中缺少主語，且先行詞為Sarah，指人，要用who。
65. to prove 考查非謂語動詞。want to do sth.想要做某事。
66. education 考查詞形轉換。形容詞性物主代詞后面應該接名詞形式。
67. invitations 考查名詞單復數。several修飾可數名詞復數形式，故填invitations。
68. in 考查介詞。in表示＂在某方面＂，獲得某項學位 ＂get a degree in…＂。
69. comes 考查動詞。根據語境可知Sarah認為當下應該是學業(yè)第一，說明現在的情況應該用一般現在時。
70. certainly 考查副詞。修飾動詞應該用副詞形式，故填certainly。
Cloze 4
【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了Lena Pahlsson在花園里拔胡蘿卜時，找到了丟失已久的結婚戒指的故事。
56. carrots 【解析】考查名詞。根據＂a handful of ＂可知要用carrot的復數形式，故填carrots。
57. shiny/shining 【解析】考查形容詞。a為冠詞，object為名詞，橫線處應填寫形容詞。故填shiny或shining。
58. so 【解析】考查固定結構。根據空后的＂loudly that her daughter came running from the house＂可知這里為so…that結構，意為＂如此……以至于＂，故填so。
59. myself 【解析】考查代詞。主語為I，橫線處為賓語，根據語境可知這里指她以為＂我＂弄傷了自己。故填myself。
60. earlier 【解析】考查形容詞。這里指早在十六年前，故填earlier。
61. to cook 【解析】考查動詞不定式。一個句子不能出現雙重謂語，所以此處要用不定式作目的狀語。故填to cook。
62. searched 【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據＂but turned up nothing＂可知這里是敘述過去發(fā)生的事情，要用一般過去時，故填searched。
63. swept 【解析】考查動詞。ring與sweep之間是被動關系，要用被動語態(tài)。故填swept。
64. where 【解析】考查連接詞。分析句子結構可知，所填詞引導定語從句，定語從句中缺少地點狀語，先行詞為the garden，表示地點，故填關系副詞where。
65. a 【解析】考查冠詞。wonder是可數名詞的單數形式，且此處表示泛指，因此其前應加不定冠詞a。故填a。
題組四
Cloze 1
【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。幾乎所有覆蓋白令海的冰都已經融化，影響了周圍地區(qū)的生活。
1. throwing
【解析】考查現在分詞。分析句子可知throw在句中做狀語，與邏輯主語“all the ice covering the Bering Sea has melted”為邏輯上的主謂關系，要用其現在分詞形式，故填throwing.
2. its【解析】考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意：科學家們已經證實，幾乎所有覆蓋白令海的冰都已融化，使生活在其海岸周圍的社區(qū)陷入混亂。分析句子可知空格處修飾shores, 是指白令海（它的）的海岸，故填its。
3. normally
【解析】考查副詞?？崭裉幮揎梽釉~cover, 要用副詞，故填normally。
4. the
【解析】考查冠詞。northern Pacific Ocean為地名，海洋、江河、海峽、海灣名稱前一般要加定冠詞the, 故填the。
5. led
【解析】
考查時態(tài)。分析句子可知lead在句中為謂語，與主語之間是主動關系，根據時間狀語In February可知應用一般過去時，故填led。
6. sent
【解析】考查過去分詞。分析句子可知send在句中為非謂語，與邏輯主語a report之間是邏輯上的動賓關系，要用send的過去分詞形式，故填sent。
7. changes
【解析】考查名詞單復數。change為可數名詞，根據these可知要用其復數形式，故填changes。
8. which/that
【解析】考查定語從句。分析句子可知 ___ live in the Bering Sea region.為定語從句，缺少引導詞。先行詞為many communities指物，引導詞在從句中做主語，所以用which/that引導。故填which/that。
9. formation
【解析】考查名詞。句意：在他們的報告中，國際北極研究中心的科學家寫道，雖然不是每年都會像這次一樣糟糕，但如果白令海的水域保持溫暖，冰的形成（概率）可能會很低?？崭裉幾鼍渥拥闹髡Z，要填名詞，form的名詞形式為formation, 且ice formation為固定搭配，意為“凍結成冰，成冰作用”符合句意。故填formation。
10. with
【解析】考查介詞。句意：他們還警告社區(qū)要為以后更多具有低海浮冰和暴風雨天氣狀況的冬天做準備。with意為“具有帶有”符合句意，且with放在這里形成with結構做winter的后置定語，故填with。
Cloze2
【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了芭蕾舞的起源與發(fā)展。
1. is
【解析】考查主謂一致。句中主語為The word “ballet”，故謂語動詞用單數形式，根據前后句可知，用一般現在時。句意：“ballet”一詞來源于法語，源于意大利語“balletto”。故填is。
2. that
【解析】考查強調句。強調句結構為it’s +強調部分+that從句。這里強調地點狀語in France。句意：但正是在法國，芭蕾舞發(fā)展成了我們今天所知的形式。故填that。
3. on/upon
【解析】考查短語。短語have an influence on/upon對……有影響。句意：法國統(tǒng)治者路易十四在芭蕾的早期歷史上對其發(fā)展方向產生了重大影響。故填on/upon。
4. starting
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句中邏輯主語為He，與start之間為主動關系，故用現在分詞作狀語。句意：從1643年開始，他統(tǒng)治法國72年。故填starting。
5. his
【解析】考查代詞。修飾名詞power and influence，前用形容詞性物主代詞。句意：路易十四把芭蕾變成了一種舞蹈形式，反映了他的權力和影響。故填his。
6. extremely
【解析】考查副詞。修飾形容詞detailed，前用副詞形式。句意：芭蕾舞的許多規(guī)則和極其細致的動作表達了一個人的權力和社會關系。故填extremely。
7. requirement
【解析】考查名詞。根據前面的不定冠詞a可知，后接名詞形式。句意：國王確保芭蕾成為宮廷人民的必修課。故填requirement。
8. where
【解析】考查定語從句。句中先行詞為the Royal Academy of Dance，在非限定性定語從句中作地點狀語，故用關系副詞where引導。句意：他還創(chuàng)辦了皇家舞蹈學院，在那里重要人物可以學習這種藝術。故填where。
9. performed
【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句中邏輯主語為Ballet，與perform之間為被動關系，故用過去分詞。句意：芭蕾舞慢慢地從宮廷舞蹈變成了由專業(yè)舞者表演的舞蹈。故填performed。
10. was brought
【解析】考查語態(tài)。主語ballet與動詞bring之間為被動關系，故用被動語態(tài)，根據時間狀語in 1715可知用一般過去時。句意：當路易十四世于1715年去世時，芭蕾被帶到歐洲其他地區(qū)，并以其他方式發(fā)展。故填was brought。
Cloze 3
【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文，患白癜風的女孩Chantelle Brown改變了人們對白癜風以及美好事物的理解。
1.which
【解析】考查定語從句。本題定語從句的先行詞是the skin condition，關系代詞which指代先行詞引導非限制性定語從句并在句中做主語。關系代詞that不能引導非限制性定語從句的。
2.patches
【解析】考查名詞。名詞patch小塊，補??；本句中該詞的復數形式做動詞develop的賓語。句意：四歲的時候她開始長出一塊又一塊的白色皮膚并被診斷為白癜風。
3.was diagnosed
【解析】考查固定短語。短語be diagnosed with…被診斷為…；該短語在句中和started to…構成并列謂語。句意：四歲的時候她開始長出一塊又一塊的白色皮膚并被診斷為白癜風。
4.have
【解析】考查時態(tài)。本句是一個評價性的句子，所以要使用一般現在時。句意：沒有人真正值得為什么有百分之一的人患上這種皮膚病。
5.the
【解析】考查冠詞。定冠詞the表示特指，不定冠詞a/an表示泛指。本句中the way her skin looked特指她患上白癜風的皮膚看起來的樣子。
6.would be
【解析】考查時態(tài)。因為被同學欺凌，她多次搬家，在16歲的時候離開了學校，在那時她決定要為自己的皮膚而驕傲。她在過去的時間決定未來要讓自己對皮膚自豪，所以使用過去將來時。
7.posting
【解析】考查動名詞。動詞短語get down to開始認真做某事；其中的to是介詞，后面要接動名詞做賓語，所以本句使用動名詞短語posting…做賓語。
8.that
【解析】考查強調句型。強調句型的基本結構為It is/was被強調成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特點就是去掉it is/was…that/who…句子仍然成立。要注意強調句型能強調除謂語動詞以為的所有的句子成分。本句強調的是時間狀語while she was doing that。橫線處使用that與it was構成強調句型。
9.professional
【解析】考查形容詞。形容詞professional職業(yè)的；專業(yè)的；該詞在句中作定語修飾名詞name。
10.by
【解析】考查固定短語。短語little by little逐漸地；逐漸地她慢慢改變了人們對美的理解。
Cloze 4
【文章大意】這是一篇說明文。介紹了廣告不僅僅是一種讓人們購買物品的工具，它也是文化、社會和歷史的窗口。
1.living
【解析】考查現在分詞。句意：事實上，生活在城市里的普通人每天看到成千上萬的廣告是很正常的。分析句子可知，person與living在邏輯上是主動關系，所以用現在分詞。故填 living 。
2.as
【解析】考查介詞。句意：然而，廣告不僅僅是一種讓人們購買物品的工具，它也是文化、社會和歷史的窗口。serve as “ 充當,起作用”為固定短語。故填 as。
3.the
【解析】考查冠詞。句意：現代廣告在18世紀和19世紀開始出現，因為印刷技術的進步允許在報紙和雜志上制作更詳細的圖片。世紀前加定冠詞the。故填the 。
4.to be produced
【解析】考查動詞不定式。句意：現代廣告在18世紀和19世紀開始出現，因為印刷技術的進步允許在報紙和雜志上制作更詳細的圖片。分析句子可知，allow為謂語動詞且涉及allow sb/sth to do sth “允許某人/某物做某事”的用法。 detailed images 與produce在邏輯上是被動關系。所以用to be produced。 故填to be produced 。
5.is
【解析】考查主謂一致。句意：看一看這些早期的廣告，就像倒退一步回到另一個時代。分析句子可知，句子為一般現在時。主語為“Looking at some of these early ads”為動名詞做主語，謂語動詞用第三人稱單數。故填is 。
6.promised
【解析】考查一般過去時。句意：例如，1881年的一則法國香煙廣告承諾其產品將“立即緩解包括呼吸問題在內的一系列疾病。分析句子可知，句子為一般過去時，主語為1881 advert for French cigarettes，謂語為promised。故填promised 。
7.their
【解析】考查代詞。句意：1955年美國的一則廣告建議母親們將含糖的軟飲料和嬰兒的牛奶混合起來。their為形容詞性物主代詞后接名詞 baby's milk。故填 their。
8.effects
【解析】考查名詞復數。句意：當然，現在吸煙和含糖飲料的有害影響是眾所周知的。effect為可數名詞，根據句意，這里指的吸煙和含糖飲料的有害影響。所以用復數形式。故填effects 。
9.unusual
【解析】考查形容詞。句意：但是，盡管這些廣告在我們現在看來很不尋常。seem為半系動詞后接形容詞作表語，根據句意，所以填usual的反義詞unusual。故填unusual 。
10.what
【解析】考查連接詞。句意：人們認為，廣告往往可以作為社會當時認為可以接受并且受歡迎的指示物。分析句子可知，for后接賓語從句作賓語。賓語從句中，consider缺少賓語，根據句意，用what作consider的賓語。故填what。

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