
高考頻度:★★★★★
定義
-ing分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞,現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞形式一樣,都是由v+ing構(gòu)成,但是在句子中的作用不一樣,動(dòng)名詞是動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)形式的一種;動(dòng)名詞具有動(dòng)詞和名詞的特征;在句中可作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ);現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓補(bǔ)。
形式
時(shí)態(tài)
主動(dòng)
被動(dòng)
一般式
doing
being done
完成式
having done
having been done
否定式
否定詞(not/never)
+動(dòng)名詞
考向一 現(xiàn)在分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞的用法
1.作表語(yǔ):現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語(yǔ)所具有的特征或?qū)傩?;過(guò)去分詞表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)。
?The situation is encouraging. 情況很受人鼓舞。
2.作定語(yǔ):
(1)單獨(dú)作定語(yǔ),常放在被修飾的名詞之前。
touching story /coming week /skilled worker / armed forces / boiled water
Barking dogs seldom bite. 亂叫的狗不咬人。
但某些過(guò)去分詞(如concerned關(guān)切的/有關(guān)的,used舊的/用過(guò)的,given特定的/給予的,involved復(fù)雜的/涉及的)置于名詞前后其意義不同。
?a concerned look/the students concerned/
?a used car/the textbook used.
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ),分詞應(yīng)放在被修飾的名詞之后;表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作時(shí),變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí)要用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)和表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)時(shí),變?yōu)閺木鋾r(shí)要用一般時(shí)態(tài);同被修辭的詞(先行詞)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。
?Who is the man standing (= who is standing) by the door?
站在門邊的人是誰(shuí)。
?They built a highway leading (= that/which leads) into the mountains.
一條通往山里的高速路。
(3)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí),分詞應(yīng)放在被修飾的名詞之后;表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作之前/不確定;同被修辭的詞(先行詞)有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,在意義上相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句。
?The meeting held(=that/which was held) last week is very important.
上周舉行的回憶是非常重要的。
(4)其他應(yīng)注意:
① 若表示的動(dòng)作此刻正在進(jìn)行或同時(shí)進(jìn)行,可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)(現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))表示。
?We must keep a secret of the things being discussed here. 我們必須保守正在討論的事情。
② 若表示的是一個(gè)未來(lái)的動(dòng)作,可用不定式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示。
Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting. 請(qǐng)告訴我在下次會(huì)議上討論的主題。
③ 分詞還可作非限制性定語(yǔ)(相當(dāng)于非限制性定語(yǔ)從句),此時(shí)須和句子的其他部分用逗號(hào)隔開,試比較:
?All my brothers living in Shanghai are scientists.=All my brothers, living in Shanghai, are scientists.
居住在上海的所有兄弟是科學(xué)家。
④ 現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)時(shí),表示的動(dòng)作不能先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作,也不可表示將來(lái);一般不用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式作定語(yǔ),故下列句子是錯(cuò)的:
?Here is Mr. Li coming from Beijing. (應(yīng)改為who has come from Beijing)
他是來(lái)自北京的李先生。
?Those having finished their work can go home now. (應(yīng)改為who have finished)
已經(jīng)完成家庭作業(yè)的現(xiàn)在可以回家。
⑤ 系動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式不可用作后置定語(yǔ),此時(shí)要用從句來(lái)表示。
?Those being busy don’t have to go. (應(yīng)改為Those who are busy don’t have to go.)
正在忙的人不必離開。
⑥ 不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞不可用作后置定語(yǔ),若要表示這個(gè)意思要用從句。
?The lion died in this zoo the other day was a mother lion. (應(yīng)改為which/that died)
前天死在公園的獅子是頭母獅。
3. 作賓補(bǔ):
(1)常構(gòu)成“感官動(dòng)詞/使役動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+doing sth/done”
?I’m sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
讓你等在這好久很難過(guò)。
(2)現(xiàn)在分詞做賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作與謂語(yǔ)同時(shí)發(fā)生或正在進(jìn)行,強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作過(guò)程;與賓語(yǔ)有著邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,賓補(bǔ)一般為賓語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作;過(guò)去分詞做賓補(bǔ)表示動(dòng)作完成,與賓語(yǔ)有著動(dòng)賓關(guān)系且含有被動(dòng)意義,賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞表示的動(dòng)作的承受者。
?He watched the TV set carried out of the room.
他看從房間帶出的電視。
?Last year they had the house rebuilt.
去年他們重修了這座房子。
(3)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu),賓補(bǔ)就成了主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),與謂語(yǔ)一起稱為“復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)”。
?We were kept waiting for quite a long time.
我們被等待了好久。
1.(2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·短文改錯(cuò))All the football players on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football.
【答案】say改為saying
【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。本句句意:操場(chǎng)上所有的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員大聲歡呼,說(shuō)我有足球天賦。句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為cheered,say在這里作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。與主語(yǔ)players是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故將say改為saying。
2.(2017·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空)Around?13,500?new?jobs?were?created?during?the?period, _______the?expected?number of 12,000 held?by market?analysts.
A. having?exceeded B. to?exceed
C. exceeded D. exceeding
【參考答案】D
【答案解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:在這期間,大約創(chuàng)造13,500個(gè)新的工作,超過(guò)市場(chǎng)分析師持有的12,000的預(yù)期數(shù)量。分析全句可知,這里指前一件事情所帶來(lái)自然而然的結(jié)果,故用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。故選D。
3.(2017·北京卷·單項(xiàng)填空)The national park has a large collection of wildlife, ________ from butterflies to elephants.
A. ranging B. range
C. to range D. ranged
【參考答案】A
【答案解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。 range是不及物動(dòng)詞,意為“(在一定幅度內(nèi))變化”,此處作解釋說(shuō)明的狀語(yǔ),表主動(dòng)。故答案選A。句意:國(guó)家動(dòng)物園有大量野生動(dòng)物, 從蝴蝶到大象都有。
4.(2017·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空) Many Chinese brands, ________their reputations over centuries,are facing new challenges from the modern market.
A. having developed B. being developed
C. developed D. developing
【參考答案】A
【答案解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。many Chinese brands與develop是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,也是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,再根據(jù)over centuries(數(shù)百年了)可知“發(fā)展”的動(dòng)作在“面臨挑戰(zhàn)”之前早就完成了,故用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式,故選A項(xiàng)。句意:許多已經(jīng)發(fā)展了幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的聲譽(yù)的中國(guó)品牌,現(xiàn)在正面臨著來(lái)自現(xiàn)代市場(chǎng)的新挑戰(zhàn)。
考向二 動(dòng)名詞
一、動(dòng)名詞概述
1. 動(dòng)名詞的一般式,表示的動(dòng)作可以與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生或前后。
?We all enjoy listening to music.(同時(shí)發(fā)生) 我們所有的人都喜歡聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。
?Do you remember meeting me there?(在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前發(fā)生) 你還記得見(jiàn)過(guò)他嗎?
2. 動(dòng)名詞的完成式表示在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前完成的動(dòng)作。
?I regret not having been taken to the Great Wall when I was a child.
當(dāng)我是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候很遺憾沒(méi)有被帶到過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。
?She attended the party without being invited. 沒(méi)有被邀請(qǐng)他就參加了這個(gè)晚會(huì)。
3. 當(dāng)一個(gè)動(dòng)名詞邏輯上的主語(yǔ)所表示的是這動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí),這個(gè)動(dòng)名詞一般要用被動(dòng)形式。
?This question is far from being settled.問(wèn)題遠(yuǎn)沒(méi)有解決。
4. 如果表示的動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生,有時(shí)需要用動(dòng)名詞的完成被動(dòng)形式。
?I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.
我不機(jī)器曾經(jīng)給過(guò)他機(jī)會(huì)嘗試這個(gè)方法。
二、 動(dòng)名詞的用法
1.作主語(yǔ)
(1)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)。
Seeing is believing. 眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。
(2)it(形式主語(yǔ))be no+n(use/ good/wonder...)+doing sth
there be no +n(point/doubt/signs/way...)+doing sth
?It’s no use telling him about it,it’s too late already.
已經(jīng)太晚了,所以告訴他沒(méi)有用。
(3)作主語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別:
① 動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)表示抽象的動(dòng)作,不與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者有關(guān);不定式作主語(yǔ)表示具體的動(dòng)作或行為,與特定的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者有關(guān)。
?He realized that to go on like this was no use.(具體)
他意識(shí)到像這樣繼續(xù)沒(méi)用。
?It’s no use crying over split milk.(抽象)
因拋灑的牛奶哭泣沒(méi)用。
特別提醒:表語(yǔ)是動(dòng)名詞,主語(yǔ)也用動(dòng)名詞;表語(yǔ)是不定式,主語(yǔ)也用不定式。
② 動(dòng)名詞和不定式作主語(yǔ),都可用形式主語(yǔ)it,動(dòng)名詞或不定式放在句尾時(shí)用動(dòng)名詞,不用不定式。
it’s no use/good doing …
it’s a waste of time doing …
但在it’s important /necessary /advisable/essential … 中,只用不定式。
?It’s no use going there today; he won’t be at home.
今天去哪沒(méi)用,因?yàn)椴辉诩摇?br />
?It’s a waste of time arguing about it.
和他爭(zhēng)論時(shí)浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。
2. 作表語(yǔ)
(1)用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容。
?Their job is building houses.
他們的工作是建房子。
(2)作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)名詞與不定式的區(qū)別:
動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)表示抽象的行為,習(xí)慣;不定式作表語(yǔ)表示具體的特別是動(dòng)作。
?My favourite sport is swimming.
我最喜歡的運(yùn)動(dòng)游泳。
(3)動(dòng)名詞與現(xiàn)在分詞的區(qū)別:
作表語(yǔ): 動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于名詞,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的含義及內(nèi)容,主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)互換位置不影響句子的基本含義,不可用副詞來(lái)修飾;現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征,性質(zhì),狀態(tài)等,主語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)不可互換位置,可用very/quite等副詞來(lái)修飾。
?Our duty is serving the people heart and soul. 我的職責(zé)是全心全意為人民服務(wù)。
作定語(yǔ):現(xiàn)在分詞表示所修辭的名詞的動(dòng)作,邏輯上是主謂關(guān)系;動(dòng)名詞表示被修辭的名詞的作用,目的和用途等,無(wú)主謂關(guān)系。
A sleeping baby=a baby who is sleeping.
作主語(yǔ):動(dòng)名詞可做主語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞不可。
3.作賓語(yǔ)
(1)vt+doing sth
【巧學(xué)妙記】巧記跟動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞:
考慮建議盼原諒,承認(rèn)推遲沒(méi)得想;
避免錯(cuò)過(guò)繼續(xù)練,否認(rèn)完成就欣賞;
禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn),不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡
consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon,
admit, delay/put off, fancy;
avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice,
deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate;
forbid, imagine, risk,
can’t help, mind, allow/permit, escape.
?Mary is considering changing her job.
瑪麗正在考慮換工作。
【注意】某些動(dòng)詞后接兩種結(jié)構(gòu),意義不同。
remember/ forget/ regret/ try /mean /stop/go on/can’t help/ be afraid(of)/be sure (of)to do doingsth
?I forgot to close the door before I left the room.
在我離開房間前,忘記關(guān)門。
?I forgot having closed the door.
我忘記關(guān)門。
(2)s+v+it+n/adj+doing sth(it作形式賓語(yǔ))
I consider it a waste of time arguing about it.
(3)【insist on / object to / feel like /look forward to / devote to / get (be) used to … 】+doing sth
?He insisted on seeing us home.
他堅(jiān)持看我們的家。
?They all objected to putting the meeting off.
所有的人對(duì)法對(duì)取消會(huì)議。
(4)S+have+n(difficulty/trouble/problem/a good time/a hard time/fun)+(in)+doing sth/with sth
?I have some difficulty (in) finishing my work in time.
在及時(shí)完成家庭作業(yè)方面我有困難。
4. 作定語(yǔ)
動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)表示被修飾名詞的用途,無(wú)邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系;現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ),表示被修飾名詞的動(dòng)作行為,有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。
singing competition 歌詠比賽 swimming pool 游泳池
1.(2019·新課標(biāo)II卷·語(yǔ)法填空)A 90-year-old has been awarded“Woman Of The Year”for ___61___ (be)Britain's oldest full-time employee-still working 40 hours a week.
【答案】being
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其前介詞for可知,此處用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ),故填being。
2.(2018·北京卷·單項(xiàng)填空) _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience
A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled
【參考答案】B
【答案解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意:沿著絲綢之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的經(jīng)歷。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主語(yǔ),要用動(dòng)名詞,故B選項(xiàng)正確。
3.___________ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.
A. Ignore B. Ignoring
C. Ignored D. Having ignored
【參考答案】B
【答案解析】句意:忽視這兩項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果的差異將會(huì)是你所犯的最嚴(yán)重的錯(cuò)誤之一。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子缺少主語(yǔ),ignore的邏輯主語(yǔ)是you,兩者是主謂關(guān)系,因此用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ),故選B。
4. Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________ to ruins, the city took on a new look.
A. reducing B. reduced
C. being reduced D. having reduced
【參考答案】C
【答案解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處應(yīng)與前面的suffering并列,作介詞after的賓語(yǔ),同時(shí)動(dòng)詞reduce與邏輯主語(yǔ)the city之間構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,所以用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)形式,故選C項(xiàng)。
題組一 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)
I.用所給詞的正確形式填空
1.A build-it-yourself solar still(蒸餾器) is one of the best ways to obtain _________(drink)water in areas where the liquid is not readily available.
2.We were respectful of craft(技藝)and focused on ______(dig) into the characters we were going to play.
3. ________ (work) for two days,Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
4. The park was full of people,________ (enjoy) themselves in the sunshine.
5. In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to“air condition”a house without ________(use)electric equipment.
6.Listening to music at home is one thing,going to hear it ________ (perform) live is quite another.
7.Keep ________ (hold)your position for a while. It helps develop your strength and flexibility.
8.I got to the office earlier that day,________ (catch) the 7:30 train from Paddington.
II.單項(xiàng)填空
1.After a long absence, I went back to college, _______ to pick up where I’d left off.
A. hoping B. hope C.to hope D. hoped
2. _______of their bad habits, the boys switched from being dependent on their parents to _______ for others.
A. Having rid; sacrificing B. To rid; sacrifice
C. Rid; sacrificing D. Having been rid; sacrifice
3. _______with the passengers on the missing plane, their families were sitting in front of the television all day and all night, ____________anxiously for the latest news.
A. Concerned; waiting B. Concerning; waiting
C. Concerned; waited D. Concerning; waited
4._____ at the clock on the wall, Alice found that she was late.
A. To glance B. Glancing
C. Glance D. Glanced
5. _______ the right decision _______ the future is probably an important thing we will ever do in our lives.
A. Making; concerned B. Make; concerning
C. To make;concerned D. Making; concerning
6. _______children to stay in touch with the nature, I think, will benefit them in the long run.
A. Encouraged B. Encourage
C. Encouraging D. To have encouraged
7.It is no good completely _______students from surfing the Internet.
A. banned B. banning
C.to ban D. having banned
8.The recent survey shows that lack of parents’ love is the leading factor (因素)that results in a teenager_______ in computer games.
A. losing B. lost
C. being lost D.to be lost
9.When Mr. Liu returned from a long vacation, there was a pile of documents_______ for him in his office.
A. waited B.to wait
C. waiting D. being waited
10.The worse working conditions we are looking forward to________ must have attracted the local government’s attention.
A. see improved B. seeing to improve
C. see improving D. seeing improved
題組二 能力提升
閱讀下面材料,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。
Lions,tigers and other animals are staying awake at night 1 (avoid)human beings,a new study finds.
Scientists have known that human activities can lead to changes in nature.Many animals may move around less or travel to far places to keep away 2 people.By being awake at night,animals can also be on guard against possible enemies and spend less time 3 (look)for food.
The latest research found even activities like farming and camping can 4 (fright)animals and cause them to become more active at night. 5 had been studied were lions in Tanzania,tigers in Nepal and monkeys in Brazil. Researchers compared 6 (careful)how much time those animals were active at night in areas of human activities,such as hunting and farming. 7 was human activities that caused an increase of about 20 percent in night time activities,even in creatures that usually sleep at night. Results 8 (publish)in the journal Science two months ago.
The new findings are 9 (usual)because no one else has looked at it in such detail before Ecologist Marlee Tucker was 10 (surprise)that any kind of human activities is enough for animals to see people as a threat.
題組三 體驗(yàn)真題
1.(2019·天津卷·單項(xiàng)填空)____________ to think critically is an important skill today's children will need for the future.
A. Learn B. Learned
C. Learning D. Having learned
2.(2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語(yǔ)法填空)Scientists have responded by ___67___ (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,…
3.(2019·新課標(biāo)III卷·語(yǔ)法填空)On the last day of our week-long stay,we _were invited__(invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,___70___ (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals.
4.( 2019·浙江卷·語(yǔ)法填空)When the children are walking or ___59___ (cycle) to school on dark mornings,…
5. (2017·天津卷)The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, ________ more patients to be treated.
A. being allowed B. allowing
C. having allowed D. allowed
6.(2016·北京卷)Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.
A. turn B. turning
C. to turn D. turned
7.(2016·天津卷)The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ________ air conditioning unnecessary.
A. making B. to make
C. made D. being made
8.(2014·湖南卷)____your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to
convey your affection and emotions.
A. Understanding B. To be understood
C. Being understood D. Having understood
9.(2013·福建卷)________ basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
A. Known B. Having known
C. Knowing D. Being known
10.(2013·浙江卷)_________how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
A. Hearing B. Hear
C. Having heard D. To be hearing
題組一 基礎(chǔ)過(guò)關(guān)
I.用所給詞的正確形式填空
1. drinking 2. digging 3.Having worked 4.enjoying
5.using 6.being performed 7.holding 8.having caught
II.單項(xiàng)填空
1.A
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,句子缺少狀語(yǔ)。句子的主語(yǔ)I與hope之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系;此處用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。句意:一長(zhǎng)段缺席之后,我回到了大學(xué),希望從我離開的地方學(xué)起。故選A。
2.A
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意:通過(guò)擺脫壞習(xí)慣后,男孩們從依賴父母的人變成了可以為他人犧牲的人。the boys是rid的執(zhí)行者,而且“擺脫壞習(xí)慣”發(fā)生于“變成了…”之前,所以要用現(xiàn)在分詞的完成時(shí)態(tài);switch from… to...指從……轉(zhuǎn)向……,to是介詞,后跟doing。故選A。
3.A
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)。concerned是形容詞,意思是“關(guān)切的;憂慮的,擔(dān)心的”,在此用形容詞作狀語(yǔ),指“家屬們對(duì)于失聯(lián)飛機(jī)上的乘客都很擔(dān)心”;主語(yǔ)their families與wait之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ),指“等待著最新消息”。故選A。
4.B
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:瞥了一眼墻上的表,愛(ài)麗絲發(fā)現(xiàn)她遲到了。glance與句子的主語(yǔ)有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系,且在意思上表示主動(dòng)意義,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)形式,故選B。
5.D
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,make the right decision是該句的主語(yǔ),應(yīng)用其-ing形式;concerning是介詞,表示 “關(guān)于……”,故選D項(xiàng)。?
6.C
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,I think是插入語(yǔ),前面為主語(yǔ),此處泛指“鼓勵(lì)孩子們與自然保持聯(lián)系”這一行為,應(yīng)使用ing分詞。故選C。
7.B
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:完全禁止學(xué)生上網(wǎng)是沒(méi)有好處的。該句屬于"It+is+名詞/形容詞(no good/no use/useless)+doing..."句型,It為形式主語(yǔ),故選B項(xiàng)。
8.C
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意:最近的調(diào)查顯示,缺少父母的愛(ài)是導(dǎo)致青少年在電腦游戲中迷失的主要因素。A teenager is lost in computer games.指“青少年迷失在電腦游戲中”,其放在短語(yǔ)result in后面用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)。故選C。
9.C
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:當(dāng)劉先生渡完長(zhǎng)假回來(lái),辦公室里有一大堆文件在等著他處理。在there be句型中,名詞documents和wait是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞做定語(yǔ),表示正存在的狀態(tài)。故選C。
10.D
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)。句意:我們期待著看到得以改善的糟糕的工作條件,一定是引起了了當(dāng)?shù)卣年P(guān)注。先行詞The worse working conditions后面跟了定語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)部分是are looking forward to,to是介詞,后面跟動(dòng)名詞;see的邏輯賓語(yǔ)是省去的引導(dǎo)詞that或which,用過(guò)去分詞improved作賓補(bǔ),指“期待著看到糟糕的工作條件得以改善的”。故選D。
題組二 能力提升
【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一項(xiàng)關(guān)于動(dòng)物的最新研究報(bào)道。獅子、老虎和其他動(dòng)物在夜間保持清醒,以躲避人類。最新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),即使是像耕作和露營(yíng)這樣的活動(dòng)也能嚇到動(dòng)物,讓它們?cè)谝归g變得更加活躍。
1.to avoid
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意:獅子、老虎和其他動(dòng)物在夜間保持清醒,以躲避人類。結(jié)合句意此處是動(dòng)詞不定式做目的狀語(yǔ),故答案為to avoid。
2.from
【解析】考查固定詞組。句意:許多動(dòng)物可能會(huì)更少地移動(dòng),或者到很遠(yuǎn)的地方去遠(yuǎn)離人群。固定詞組:keep away from遠(yuǎn)離,回避,故答案為from。
3.looking
【解析】考查固定結(jié)構(gòu)。句意:通過(guò)在夜間保持清醒,動(dòng)物也可以防備可能的敵人,花更少的時(shí)間尋找食物。spend---(in)doing sth.在做---上花費(fèi),故答案為looking。
4.frighten
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意:最新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),即使是像耕作和露營(yíng)這樣的活動(dòng)也能嚇到動(dòng)物,讓它們?cè)谝归g變得更加活躍。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面跟動(dòng)詞原形,frighten“使害怕”是動(dòng)詞,故答案為frighten。
5.What
【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句。句意:研究的對(duì)象是坦桑尼亞的獅子、尼泊爾的老虎和巴西的猴子。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),句子沒(méi)有主語(yǔ),此處用主語(yǔ)從句做主語(yǔ),從句沒(méi)有主語(yǔ)和引導(dǎo)詞,所以應(yīng)該用what引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句,故答案為what。
6.carefully
【解析】考查副詞。句意:研究人員仔細(xì)比較了這些動(dòng)物在夜間活動(dòng)的時(shí)間,比如狩獵和農(nóng)耕。此處compare是動(dòng)詞,副詞修飾動(dòng)詞,故答案為carefully。
7.It
【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句式。句意:正是人類活動(dòng)導(dǎo)致夜間活動(dòng)增加了大約20%,即使是在夜間睡覺(jué)的生物中也是如此。此處是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型,It was+強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that---,故答案為It。
8.were published
【解析】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意:研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在兩個(gè)月前的《科學(xué)》雜志上。根據(jù)two months ago且句子主語(yǔ)Results和publish之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以此處用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),答案為were published。
9.unusual
【解析】考查形容詞。句意:這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)是不同尋常的,因?yàn)樵谏鷳B(tài)學(xué)家Marlee Tucker驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn),任何人類活動(dòng)都足以讓動(dòng)物把人視為威脅以前,沒(méi)有其他的人這樣詳細(xì)地考慮它。結(jié)合句意可知答案為unusual。
10.surprised
【解析】考查過(guò)去分詞。句意:這些新發(fā)現(xiàn)是不同尋常的,因?yàn)樵谏鷳B(tài)學(xué)家Marlee Tucker驚訝地發(fā)現(xiàn),任何人類活動(dòng)都足以讓動(dòng)物把人視為威脅以前,沒(méi)有其他的人這樣詳細(xì)地考慮它。結(jié)合句意可知答案為surprised。
題組二 體驗(yàn)真題
1.C
【解析】考查動(dòng)名詞。句意:學(xué)會(huì)批判性思維是當(dāng)代小孩未來(lái)所必需的重要技能。句子缺少主語(yǔ)成分,而過(guò)去分詞、動(dòng)詞都不可以做主語(yǔ)。此處用動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ),故選C。
2.noting
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)其前介詞by可知,此處用動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式,故填noting。
3.listening
【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。本句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為“were invited”,所以70題空格處動(dòng)詞listen應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。聽(tīng)音樂(lè)這個(gè)動(dòng)作是由we發(fā)出的,所以選用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。也可由and前后連接兩個(gè)并列的結(jié)構(gòu)這一規(guī)律解題,and后meeting interesting locals為分詞形式,故空格處填listening。
4.cycling
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意:當(dāng)孩子們?cè)诤诎档脑绯坎叫谢蝌T車上學(xué)時(shí),汽車司機(jī)很容易看到它們。or連接兩個(gè)并列成分,根據(jù)or前的walking可知,此處要用cycling。故填cycling。
5.B
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。“醫(yī)院引進(jìn)新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備”和“更多的病人得到治療”之間是主動(dòng)的關(guān)系,因此用v.-ing形式。此處用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),故選B項(xiàng)。句意:醫(yī)院最近引進(jìn)了新的醫(yī)療設(shè)備,從而使更多的病人得到治療。
6.B
【解析】考查現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨狀況。句意:新建的木屋林立在街道的兩旁,使古鎮(zhèn)變成了一個(gè)夢(mèng)幻之地。turn的邏輯主語(yǔ)是cottages,兩者是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在分詞,表示主動(dòng)和伴隨,故選B。
7.A
【解析】句意:冷風(fēng)從我們臥室的窗戶吹進(jìn)來(lái),使得沒(méi)有必要開空調(diào)了。前面的事情造成后面的結(jié)果,用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),表示順理成章的結(jié)果。不定式也可以作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ),但是那是預(yù)料不到的結(jié)果。故選A。
8.A
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法。不定式(短語(yǔ))或動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ))均可作主語(yǔ),區(qū)別在于不定式常表示將來(lái),是特指;而動(dòng)名詞表示一般情況,是泛指。而本句指的是普遍現(xiàn)象,屬泛指,故用動(dòng)名詞較好。句意:理解你自身的需要及交際風(fēng)格,同時(shí)會(huì)表達(dá)你的感情和情緒是一樣重要。故A正確。
9.C
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的用法。動(dòng)名詞在本句中作主語(yǔ),此處表示一般情況,用一般式;having known 是完成式,表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成或先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生。句意: 懂得一些基本的急救技巧將有助于你對(duì)緊急情況作出快速應(yīng)對(duì)。故選C。
10.A
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。在該句中,要注意區(qū)分現(xiàn)在分詞和動(dòng)名詞的用法。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)知,此處create前面的主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是_____how others react to the book you have just read,其中you have just read是定語(yǔ)從句修飾the book,所以此處空格中應(yīng)該用動(dòng)名詞形式,故選A項(xiàng)。
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