Mary gave some advice on how to learn English.  I have no idea of how to do it.   2)   不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的語(yǔ)法作用
不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可以做主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。A.不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，通常用it 作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)來(lái)代替不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。如：It’s necessary for the goods to be packed in strong cases.    They thought it impossible for us to find the lost child in the darkness.
B. 不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。如：
That’s for you to decide.   For the test to be passed, the students should work harder than before.I have some books for you to read.  二、動(dòng)詞的ing形式動(dòng)詞的ing形式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)（一）、請(qǐng)看下列畫(huà)橫線的詞。China is a developing country. The girl singing for us is ten years old.The main road being built will be completed next year.Having received a latter, I knew everything is all right. Having been introduced to each other, we began to work.從以上例句可以看出: 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)為  主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式 一般式doingbeing done完成式having donehaving been done（二）、我們?cè)賮?lái)看下面一組句子，看看現(xiàn)在分詞在句子的使用：The story is interesting.          The match is exciting.  The news is surprising.         The film is moving.The speech is inspiring. 從以上句子可以看出現(xiàn)在分詞可以在句子中作表語(yǔ) 
a running boy　        the　girl　standing　there  the exciting news       a boring speechHe rushed into the burning house．The child standing over there is my brother．從以上句子可以看出現(xiàn)在分詞可以在句子中作定語(yǔ)Walking in the street, I saw him.Working hard, you will succeed. Being ill, she stayed at home. His friend died, leaving him a lot of moneyHe is standing there, singing.Having known that he won the match, he threw the cap into the sky.
Seeing the teacher is coming, t he students stopped playing.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
從以上句子可以看出現(xiàn)在分詞可以在句子中作狀語(yǔ)I saw him walking in the street.I heard them singing in the classroom.　We found the boy sleeping. Don't have the students studying all day. 從以上句子可以看出現(xiàn)在分詞可以在句子中作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 三、現(xiàn)在分詞的否定形式。not + 分詞
Not knowing what to do next, she stopped to wait.Not having finished the homework, the little girl doesn't dare to go to school. 四、作獨(dú)立成分 
generally /frankly/honestly speaking，……Judging from/by ，……
五、現(xiàn)在分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu) 
又叫獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。是一個(gè)獨(dú)立于句子成分之外的獨(dú)特結(jié)構(gòu)形式。獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)可分為兩部分，一部分是名詞或代詞（主格），起著邏輯主語(yǔ)的作用；另一部分由形容詞、副詞、名詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等構(gòu)成，表示前面名詞或代詞的狀態(tài)、狀況或動(dòng)作,  在句中作狀語(yǔ)。eg.　Winter coming，it gets colder and colder．The boy lay on the ground，his eyes closed and his hands trembling． 動(dòng)詞的ing形式還可以是動(dòng)名詞，和現(xiàn)在分詞的形式一樣，但語(yǔ)法功能不一樣。那么動(dòng)名詞在句中做什么成分呢？    觀察思考：Listening to music gives me pleasure.　 Running is good exercise. Walking to school is a good idea.　Speaking English is fun.
Learning new words is very useful to me.從以上句子可以看出動(dòng)名詞可以在句子中作主語(yǔ)觀察思考：Seeing is believing. His hobby is collecting stamps.Our job is playing all kinds of music.Reading is learning, but speaking the language is also a kind of learning.  從以上句子可以看出動(dòng)名詞可以在句子中作表語(yǔ)觀察思考：You should avoid quarrelling with your sister.　He admitted having stolen the car.The doctor advised eating less and taking more exercise.We don’t allow smoking in the meeting room.從以上句子可以看出動(dòng)名詞可以在句子中作賓語(yǔ) 1）作動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的賓語(yǔ)這類動(dòng)詞還有：
　 dislike 厭惡 admit 接受　repent 后悔　acknowledge 承認(rèn)
　 enjoy 享受　 escape避免　deny 否認(rèn)　　postpone 延遲
　 resent 怨恨　mind 介意　 miss 錯(cuò)過(guò)　　risk 冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
　 finish 完成　avoid 避免　delay 耽誤　 consider 認(rèn)為
　 fancy 想象　 excuse 原諒 include 包括 imagine 想象
　 resist 抵制　suggest 建議 ……
　 還有短語(yǔ)類：
　 keep (on)繼續(xù) don't mind 不介意 cannot help 不禁 give up 放棄
　 put off 延遲　leave off 停止　　burst out 闖出　……
2）作介詞的賓語(yǔ)1. I'm sorry for giving you so much trouble.　2. The book is worth reading.　3. I reached him by calling his office.　4. The police arrested(逮捕）him for speeding. 　5. She is busy (in) correcting her exercises.
觀察思考：    1. sleeping car 臥車(chē) 　2. walking stick 手杖     3. printing shop 印務(wù)館 　4. reading room 閱讀室
    5. swimming pool　泳池　6. washing machine　洗衣機(jī)
    7. dining room　飯廳    可以看出動(dòng)名詞放在所修飾的名詞前面作為定語(yǔ)，表示該名詞的用途。從以上可以看出動(dòng)名詞可以在句子中作定語(yǔ)四、動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)　1. His coming here helped us a lot. 　2. Tom's escaping from the prison made trouble for the jailer. 3. Do you mind my smoking in the romm?　4. He insisted on Mary's staying there.　6. I miss you bringing me cups of tea in the morning.可以看出動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)是在動(dòng)名詞前加"物主代詞（如：my, his...)"或"名詞所有格(如：Mary's, Dog's...)"。作為邏輯主語(yǔ)的名詞/代詞為無(wú)生命時(shí)，則用普通格:
　　在下列情況中，不能使用所有格：1. 代詞為 all, both, each, few, several, some, this 等作為邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí): 　1. I remember all of them saying it。2.  數(shù)詞、名詞化形容詞（如 the three, the old...)作邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)：1. In spite of the three telling the same story, I could not believe it.3. 結(jié)構(gòu)中的邏輯主語(yǔ)是名子或短語(yǔ)，或受從句或短語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)： 1. Is there any chance of the people in the back of the room talking a little louder?
五、　在動(dòng)詞 need, want, require, deserve 之后的動(dòng)名詞（作為賓語(yǔ)），要用主動(dòng) 語(yǔ)態(tài)來(lái)表示被動(dòng)的意思。
　1. The flowers in the garden want watering　2. That's one of those questions that really don't need answering。　另外：有一些動(dòng)詞除了可接動(dòng)名詞外，也可接不定詞(infinitive)。例子如下：　 1. I prefer living　in an apartment. (動(dòng)詞prefer接動(dòng)名詞 living)
　 2. I prefer to live in an apartment. (動(dòng)詞prefer接不定詞 to live) 　　像上面兩個(gè)句子的意思沒(méi)什么不同。如 prefer 這一類的動(dòng)詞還有：　    allow deserve　neglect attempt fear omit　begin　hate  permit bother　intend　cease like　recommend　continue　love  start　stop forget regret  propose  try  continue　remember  need　…… 動(dòng)詞的ed形式/過(guò)去分詞（the Past Participle）二、            過(guò)去分詞在句子的使用（過(guò)去分詞的語(yǔ)法功能）：1） 1、We were so bored that we couldn’t help yawning.    2、She felt confused, and even frightened.    3、They were very pleased with the girl.    4、I’m satisfied with your answer.5、He is not interested in research.    從以上句子可以看出過(guò)去分詞可以在句子中作表語(yǔ) ,表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)或感受。2)  1、She has a pleased look on her face.    2、The teacher gave us a satisfied smile.    3、cooked food          4、a written report    5、fried eggs            6、boiled water    7、frozen food           8、armed forces9、required courses       10、finished products       11、What’s the language spoken in that country?    12、They’re problem left over by history.    13、The play put on by the teachers was a big success.    14、Is there anybody injured?    15、Do you know the number of books ordered?從以上句子可以看出過(guò)去分詞可以再句子中作定語(yǔ)，與所修飾的詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。另外，一些不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞表示所修飾的詞的狀態(tài)。the risen sun       new arrived visitors      fallen leaves  3)  1、Seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.=If the city is seen from the hill, the city looks magnificent.2、Given more time, I would finish the work better.=If I was given more time, I would finish the work better.3、They came in, followed by some children.=They came in, while they are followed by some children.4、Depressed, he went to see his elder sister.=Because he felt depressed, he went to see his elder sister.5、When treated with kindness, he was very friendly.=When he was treated with kindness, he was very friendly從以上句子可以看出過(guò)去分詞可以在句子中作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于狀語(yǔ)從句的省略。  4)    1、I will have the clothes washed tomorrow.2、When they get back home, they found the room robbed.3、The other students in the class keep their eyes closed.4、Many towns and villages had their water supply cut off because there were no electricity.5、We are going to have/get the tables painted different colours.6、I can see it fastened to a nail next to the hole in the wall.從以上句子可以看出過(guò)去分詞可以在句子中作賓補(bǔ)，與賓語(yǔ)之間有被動(dòng)關(guān)系。過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)， 常接在某些動(dòng)詞后面：１）感官動(dòng)詞：see　hear　watch　feel　notice  observe　keep　find　listen to　look at  
２）使役動(dòng)詞：have　get　catch　leave　set　 When will you go to the hospital and have your tooth examined?  When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard.當(dāng)這類句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。One of the glasses was found broken.   They should be kept informed of the situation there.  三、            動(dòng)詞have后所接的三種賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：1） have somebody/something do something I had the workers do the job for me.        Jim often has his father help him with his homework.     2）have somebody /something doing something  They had the tractor working all the time.   We won’t have the child talking to his mother like that.  3） have somebody/something done①主語(yǔ)讓別人做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的意志。如： He had his hair cut yesterday.  Later on the center had a great many new trees planted.②主語(yǔ)遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環(huán)境，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的一種無(wú)意識(shí)的被動(dòng)行為。如：
He had his leg broken in the match last month.He had one eye lost in the war.  

英語(yǔ)朗讀寶
相關(guān)資料 更多
資料下載及使用幫助
版權(quán)申訴
版權(quán)申訴
若您為此資料的原創(chuàng)作者，認(rèn)為該資料內(nèi)容侵犯了您的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，請(qǐng)掃碼添加我們的相關(guān)工作人員，我們盡可能的保護(hù)您的合法權(quán)益。
入駐教習(xí)網(wǎng)，可獲得資源免費(fèi)推廣曝光，還可獲得多重現(xiàn)金獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)，申請(qǐng) 精品資源制作， 工作室入駐。
版權(quán)申訴二維碼
高考專區(qū)
歡迎來(lái)到教習(xí)網(wǎng)
  • 900萬(wàn)優(yōu)選資源，讓備課更輕松
  • 600萬(wàn)優(yōu)選試題，支持自由組卷
  • 高質(zhì)量可編輯，日均更新2000+
  • 百萬(wàn)教師選擇，專業(yè)更值得信賴
微信掃碼注冊(cè)
qrcode
二維碼已過(guò)期
刷新

微信掃碼，快速注冊(cè)

手機(jī)號(hào)注冊(cè)
手機(jī)號(hào)碼

手機(jī)號(hào)格式錯(cuò)誤

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼 獲取驗(yàn)證碼

手機(jī)驗(yàn)證碼已經(jīng)成功發(fā)送，5分鐘內(nèi)有效

設(shè)置密碼

6-20個(gè)字符，數(shù)字、字母或符號(hào)

注冊(cè)即視為同意教習(xí)網(wǎng)「注冊(cè)協(xié)議」及「隱私條款」
QQ注冊(cè)
手機(jī)號(hào)注冊(cè)
微信注冊(cè)

注冊(cè)成功

返回
頂部