高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法——情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的講解及練習(xí)題（無(wú)答案）

高中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的講解與練習(xí) 表推測(cè)時(shí)，英語(yǔ)中只使用must,may,might,may not和can't。這五個(gè)表達(dá)的語(yǔ)氣依次遞減：
must:一定（語(yǔ)氣肯定）
may：也許（不很肯定）
might：或許（比may語(yǔ)氣更弱）
may not：也許不（表否定）
can't：一定不（must的反義）
推測(cè)現(xiàn)在的事情用must,may,might,may not和can't+do或be
e.g.She must be at home now.
    The boy may play now.
推測(cè)過去的事情用must,may,might,may not和can't+have done
e.g.She might have been ill yesterday.
    He must have hold the party.
 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must, can, could, may, might表推測(cè)的用法    情態(tài)動(dòng)詞中的must, can, could, may, might都表推測(cè)。其中must的可能性最大，can / could次之，may / might最小。具體用法如下：1.must的用法（1）表示推測(cè)“可能性”時(shí)，意思是“一定、準(zhǔn)是”，語(yǔ)氣較肯定，較有把握。He must be American. = It is certain that he is American. 他準(zhǔn)是個(gè)美國(guó)人。（2）must表推測(cè)只能用于肯定句。如果要表示“一定不、肯定不”的意思時(shí)，應(yīng)用can’t,如詢問某種可能時(shí)，應(yīng)用can。He must know my address. 他肯定知道我的地址。（一定） He can’t know my address. 他肯定不知道我的地址。（一定不）Can he know my address? 他知道我的地址嗎？（詢問可能性）（3）must表示推測(cè)時(shí)，可以推測(cè)現(xiàn)在/正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作/過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。He must have a car now. （現(xiàn)在）他一定有輛小汽車。He must be doing his exercises in the classroom.（正在進(jìn)行）他一定在教室里做練習(xí)。He must have finished the work.（過去發(fā)生）他一定已完成了工作。注：must表示推測(cè)時(shí)很少用于將來(lái)的情況。一般不用He must come tomorrow.可用It`s certain / I’m sure that he will come tomorrow.（4）在反意疑問句中，當(dāng)附屬部分含有表示推測(cè)意義的must時(shí)，疑問部分的助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與must后面的動(dòng)詞在非推測(cè)情況下的用法保持一致。 He must be a worker, isn’t he? （現(xiàn)在）他準(zhǔn)是個(gè)工人，是嗎？It must have rained last night, didn’t it? （過去）昨晚一定下雨了，是不是？You must have learned English for many years, haven’t you? （完成時(shí)）你一定學(xué)了好多年英語(yǔ)，是嗎？2.can / could的用法（1）can表示推測(cè)“可能性”時(shí)，往往用于否定句或疑問句。Can’t“一定不”，語(yǔ)氣很肯定。can在疑問句中意思是“會(huì)、可能”。用于肯定句時(shí)，表示理論上的，潛在的可能性（有傾向，實(shí)際上未必會(huì)發(fā)生或者不涉及實(shí)際是否發(fā)生）往往與sometimes 或者 someone 有關(guān)。Accidents can happen. He can’t be at home. = It is impossible that he is at home. 他一定不在家。（2）can /can’t后可接進(jìn)行時(shí)/完成時(shí)，表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行推測(cè)。They can’t be reading in the library. 他們一定不在圖書館讀書。He can’t have gone to Shanghai for I saw him a minute ago. 他不可能去了上海，我剛才還看見他。It’s so late. Where can she have gone? 天晚了，她可能去哪兒了呢？（3）在反意疑問句中，當(dāng)陳述部分含有表示推測(cè)意義的can’t時(shí)，疑問部分的助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與can’t后面的動(dòng)詞在非推測(cè)情況下的用法保持一致.He can’t be a teacher, is he? 他不是教師，是嗎？She can’t have finished her homework, has she? 她一定沒有完成家庭作業(yè)，是不是？could可用于表示某事有可能發(fā)生表示可能性不大的推測(cè)。意思相當(dāng)于may/might Don’t eat it. It could be poisonous. 不要吃它，可能有毒。The plane could be delayed by fog. 飛機(jī)可能會(huì)因?yàn)殪F晚點(diǎn)。 （5）could還可以用于表示客氣、委婉、禮貌的請(qǐng)求語(yǔ)氣。Excuse me, could you tell me the way to the bus station?Could you help me?（6）couldn’t表示否定推測(cè)，表示某事不可能真實(shí)，或由于特定事實(shí)或環(huán)境某事肯定不會(huì)發(fā)生。It couldn’t possibly be poison. 這不可能是毒藥。表示對(duì)過去發(fā)生的事推測(cè)，常常和have done 連用He was not at home last night . He could/ might have gone to movies. I didn't see her at the meeting yesterday; she couldn't have spoken at the meeting. 3. may和might的用法（1）may, might表示推測(cè)“可能性”時(shí)，意思是“可能”、“也許”，語(yǔ)氣沒有 must肯定。He may / might be American. = It is possible that he is American.他可能是個(gè)美國(guó)人。注：might不表示過去時(shí)態(tài)，只是語(yǔ)氣上比may更委婉，表示的可能性更小。（2）may, might表推測(cè)時(shí)，可以用于否定句，意思是“可能不、也許不”，但不用于疑問句。He may / might not be at home. 他也許不在家。（3）may, might可以推測(cè)現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。He may / might be sleeping now. （現(xiàn)在）他可能正在睡覺。The boy may / might not be watching TV at home. （現(xiàn)在）這個(gè)男孩可能沒在家看電視These students may / might have seen the film before.（過去）這些學(xué)生以前可能看過這部電影。（4）may, might還可以推測(cè)將來(lái)的情況。I think we should take raincoat with us, it may rain. 我想我們應(yīng)該帶上雨衣，可能要下雨了。She might not come this afternoon. 她今天下午可能不來(lái)（一）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的三種句式
能用于表推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：must, can, could, will, would, may, might, should, ought to1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might / could（也許，或許）。
　 （1）He must/may/might know the answer to this question?
　　他一定/可能/也許知道這個(gè)問題的答案。
　?。?）It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.
　　屋里很冷，他們肯定把暖氣關(guān)了。
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。
　 （1）It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.
　　這不可能是校長(zhǎng)，他去美國(guó)了。
　?。?）He may not/might not know the scientist.
　　他也許不認(rèn)識(shí)那位科學(xué)家。 　3.疑問句中用can/could (能……?)。
　　（1）Could he have finished the task?  他可能把任務(wù)完成了嗎？
　?。?）Can he be at home now?  他現(xiàn)在能在家嗎？
　　注：以上三種句式中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)氣按程度都是依次遞減的。Might, could并非may, can的過去式，而表示語(yǔ)氣較為委婉或可能性較小。　　（二）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的三種時(shí)態(tài)
1.對(duì)將來(lái)情況的推測(cè)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形”。 （1）She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 　5:00前她一定/可能/也許到。
　?。?）She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone. 　她一定/可能/也許會(huì)在山里一連走好幾英里而遇不到一個(gè)人。
　　2.對(duì)現(xiàn)在或一般情況的推測(cè)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + be”，“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 +be doing”或“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 動(dòng)詞原形”。 （1）He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.
　　他一定/可能/也許正在聽收音機(jī)。
（2）He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.
　　這個(gè)時(shí)候他不可能/可能不在家。
（3）Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening   ceremony ? 布什先生一向準(zhǔn)時(shí)，這次開幕式他怎么可能遲到呢？
　　3.對(duì)過去情況的推測(cè)，用“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + have +過去分詞”。
（1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.
　　地濕了，昨晚肯定/可能/也許下雨了。
（2）The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .
　　門鎖著，他不可能/可能不在家。
（3）Can / Could he have gotten the book？ 難道他找到書了嗎？
　注：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 should /ought to表推測(cè)時(shí)，意為“想必會(huì)，理應(yīng)……”但與“have +過去分詞”連用時(shí)，則又可構(gòu)成虛擬語(yǔ)氣意為“本應(yīng)該做某事卻沒做”。例如：
（4）It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.
　　現(xiàn)在七點(diǎn)鐘了，杰克理應(yīng)隨時(shí)到達(dá)。（推測(cè)）
（5）She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. （虛擬）
　　她本該出席你的生日晚會(huì)的，可是她得在醫(yī)院照顧她媽媽。
（6）Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. （虛擬） 湯姆本不該告訴我你的秘密，可是他并無(wú)惡意。補(bǔ)充強(qiáng)調(diào)：推測(cè)的句型特點(diǎn)（對(duì)某一次的推測(cè)句型有兩部分：語(yǔ)氣和時(shí)態(tài)）
（1）語(yǔ)氣部分：（以下情態(tài)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)氣由強(qiáng)至弱）
     肯定句：must、may、might（=could）
     否定句：can’t（=couldn’t）、mayn’t、mightn’t  
     疑問句：can、could（語(yǔ)氣更加委婉不確定）
（2）時(shí)態(tài)部分：
     be表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的推測(cè)    have done表示對(duì)過去的推測(cè)
     be doing表示對(duì)正在進(jìn)行的推測(cè)?      語(yǔ)氣部分寫在前時(shí)態(tài)部分寫在后，組合在一起就是推測(cè)（三）幾組表推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋完成時(shí)”是歷年高考的熱點(diǎn)，在做此類練習(xí)時(shí)，既需要掌握這一結(jié)構(gòu)的基本用法，又應(yīng)該仔細(xì)體會(huì)題干所提供的語(yǔ)言信息，準(zhǔn)確理解語(yǔ)言環(huán)境和說話人的含義，尤其要注意題干中時(shí)態(tài)給予的暗示。1.must have done 表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的推測(cè)，意為“一定，想必”, 句子中表示的是一種肯定的推測(cè)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)一般只用于肯定句，其否定形式是can’t （couldn’t）have done ，表示“不可能，肯定不會(huì)”。例如：
He didn’t hear the phone . He must have been asleep. 他沒有聽到電話響，他肯定是已經(jīng)睡著了。
He must have been to Shanghai. 他一定去過上海。
They can’t have gone out , because the light is on . 他們不可能出去，因?yàn)闊袅林?/span>
2. can（could）have done表示對(duì)過去的時(shí)間內(nèi)可能發(fā)生的事情的猜測(cè)，can have done 一般只用于否定句和疑問句。could have done 還可以用于肯定句，常用來(lái)表示本來(lái)可能完成而實(shí)際未完成的動(dòng)作。例如：
He can’t have finished the work so soon. 這項(xiàng)工作他不可能完成得這樣快。
We could have walked to the station , it was so near . 我們本來(lái)是可以走到車站去的，路很近。
3. may（might）have done （1）表示對(duì)已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情的不太肯定的推測(cè)，意為“可能已經(jīng)，或許已經(jīng)”。（2）虛擬用法表示本可以做，但卻沒做（表示很委屈地責(zé)備）
If we had taken the other road , we might have arrived earlier.
如果我們選擇另一條路，我們可能會(huì)到得早一些。
He might have given you more help, he was very busy.
他本來(lái)是可以給你更多幫助的，盡管他很忙。
4. needn’t have done 指實(shí)際上做了本來(lái)不必要做的事，意為“本來(lái)不必”。例如：
There was plenty of time . She needn’t have hurried.
時(shí)間很充裕，她本不必匆忙。
You needn’t have told him the news.
他本來(lái)不必把這個(gè)消息告訴他。
5. should （ought to ）have done 指本該做而實(shí)際未做的事，意為“本來(lái)應(yīng)該”。其否定式shouldn’t（oughtn’t）have done 則表示某種行為不該發(fā)生但卻發(fā)生了。例如：
You should have started earlier , but you didn’t.
你本應(yīng)該早一點(diǎn)出發(fā)，但是你沒有。
You ought to have helped him （but you didn’t ）. 你本應(yīng)該幫助他。
We shouldn’t have waited for her because she never came.
我們本不應(yīng)該等她，因?yàn)樗静粫?huì)來(lái)。6.Would have done 本想做（卻沒做）wouldn’t have done 本不想做（卻做了）I would have helped you, but I was too busy.我本想幫你，但我太忙了。小試牛刀一、單項(xiàng)選擇1 John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.    A. may     B. need      C. can’t      D. must 2 John isn’t in the classroom. He       play soccer on the playground with Bob.   A. can      B. must     C. should      D. can’t3 That _______not be her husband . She is still single.     A. may   B.can     C. could     D. might 4 You___ go and see a doctor at once because you got a fever.   A. can      B. must     C. dare      D. would5 -Can you speak Japanese? -No, I____.    A. mustn't      B. can't      C. needn't     D. may not 6 -He___ be in the classroom, I think. -No, he ___ be in the classroom. I saw him go home a minute ago. A．can; may not    B. must; may not    C. may; can't      D. may;  mustn't 7 -Is Lena swimming in the pool? -No, she      swim. She is terrified of water.A. may not     B. must not    C. can't     D. needn't8 He isn't at school. I think he ___ be ill.A. can    B. shall     C. must     D. might9 -What do you think “upset” means? - I’m not sure. It      mean “sad”.A.may     B. must      C. can       D. should 10 The children___ play football on the road. A. can't          B. can      C. mustn't     D. must 11.The road is wet . It ______last night.A. must rain         B. must have rained  C. could have rained   D. can have rained 12 .He ______you more help , even though he was busy .A might have given      B might not give   C may not have given     D may give  練一練  1. Look! The light is out in her room. She ———— to bed already.
  A. must go    B. had to go    C.must have gone    D.has gone
2. We had a wonderful time yesterday. You ———— .Why didn't you come?
  A. had to come   B.should have come   C.might have come  D.must have come
3. ─There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.─ It______ a comfortable journey.A. can't be      B. shouldn't be    C. mustn't have been   D. couldn't have been4. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.A. couldn't have attended       B. needn't have attendedC. mustn't have attended       D. shouldn't have attended5. I was really anxious about you. You _____ home without a word.A. mustn't leave           B. Shouldn't have left       C. Couldn't have left      D. needn't leave6. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach,I_____   so much fried chicken just now.A. shouldn’t cut         B. mustn’t have eaten    C. shouldn’t have eaten      D. mustn’t eat7. Mr.White _____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t’ show up.A. should have arrived     B. should arrive C. should have had arrived     D. should be arriving8. You ______ be tired - you've only been working for an hour.A. must not       B. won' t        C. can' t       D. may not9. - Isn' t that Ann's husband over there?- No, it _______ be him -I'm sure he doesn't wear glasses.A. can't           B. must not           C. won't          D. may not10. There ____ be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practised a lot in the driving school.A . mustn’t     B. shan’t     C. shouldn’t      D.needn’t11. I was on the highway when this car went past followed by a police car. They ______ at lease 150 km an hour.A. should have been doing          B. must have been doingC. could have done                D. would have done12. He _____ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.A. should     B. must  C. wouldn’t   D. can’t13. ---- The woman biologist stayed in Africa studying wild animals for 13 years before she returned.---- Oh, dear! She _______ a lot of difficulties!A. may go through                       B. might go throughC. ought to have gone through              D. must have gone through14. This cake is very sweet. You __________ a lot of sugar in it.A．should put   B．could have put  C．might put  D．must have put15. —Catherine, I have cleaned the room for you.—Thanks. You         it. I could manage it myself.A．needn’t do  B．needn’t have done  C．mustn’t do  D．shouldn’t have done