2025年高考英語二輪熱點(diǎn)題型歸納與變式演練(新高考通用)專題10閱讀七選五說明文(學(xué)生版+解析)-試卷下載-教習(xí)網(wǎng)

TOC \ "1-3" \h \z \u \l "_Tc148898652" 題型綜述2
\l "_Tc148898652" 解題攻略3
\l "_Tc148898653" 題型01 主旨概括句題3
\l "_Tc148898654" 題型02 過渡銜接句題5
\l "_Tc148898655" 題型03 細(xì)節(jié)支撐句題7
\l "_Tc148898656" 題型04 結(jié)論概括句題 PAGEREF _Tc148898656 \h 9
\l "_Tc148898657" 高考練場 PAGEREF _Tc148898657 \h 11
題型簡介
高考英語閱讀七選五說明文，主要向讀者介紹知識(shí)、說明事物原理、解釋操作流程或闡釋社會(huì)文化現(xiàn)象等。文本條理清晰，常運(yùn)用小標(biāo)題、數(shù)字序號(hào)、邏輯連接詞來組織行文，讓復(fù)雜內(nèi)容層次分明，方便讀者理解。這類題型要求考生從七個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中選出五個(gè)合適的句子，填補(bǔ)文章空缺處，使文意連貫、邏輯順暢，綜合考查閱讀理解、語篇分析及上下文銜接能力。
命題類型
主旨概括句：常位于段落開頭，用來點(diǎn)明段落核心主題，起引領(lǐng)全段內(nèi)容的作用，如選段圍繞某種環(huán)保新技術(shù)展開，此空句子會(huì)概括該技術(shù)的總體特性。
過渡銜接句：銜接上下文，既總結(jié)上文要點(diǎn)，又引出下文話題，讓行文過渡自然，毫無突兀感。比如前文講傳統(tǒng)教育模式，后文談線上教育革新，中間過渡句就需關(guān)聯(lián)二者。
細(xì)節(jié)支撐句：為前文提出的論點(diǎn)、概念提供具體例子、數(shù)據(jù)、解釋說明，充實(shí)文章內(nèi)容，讓抽象觀點(diǎn)變得具體可感，像提到健康飲食好處后，緊跟列舉具體有益的食材。
結(jié)論概括句：考查對文章結(jié)論的概括能力，選項(xiàng)需要能夠總結(jié)文章的主要觀點(diǎn)。
解題思路
通讀全文，把握大意：快速瀏覽文章標(biāo)題、首尾段以及各段首句，明晰文章大致主題，明確是介紹科技產(chǎn)品、文化習(xí)俗，還是科普自然現(xiàn)象等，構(gòu)建宏觀框架認(rèn)知。
看設(shè)空位置，預(yù)判功能：如果空缺在段首，大概率是主旨句，要找能總領(lǐng)全段的選項(xiàng)；在段中，多為過渡或細(xì)節(jié)支撐句，需聯(lián)系前后文語義關(guān)聯(lián)；處于段尾，可能是總結(jié)句，或是引出下段話題的過渡語。
圈畫關(guān)鍵詞，找呼應(yīng)：在設(shè)空處上下文中圈出名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等實(shí)詞，以及邏輯連接詞。比對選項(xiàng)，找出含相同、相近關(guān)鍵詞，或是存在因果、轉(zhuǎn)折、并列等邏輯呼應(yīng)的句子。例如，上文有 “but” 表轉(zhuǎn)折，選項(xiàng)也應(yīng)有轉(zhuǎn)折語義相關(guān)內(nèi)容。
利用邏輯線索：關(guān)注文中 “firstly”“secndly”“mrever”“hwever ”“therefre” 這類邏輯詞，它們能清晰展示行文順序、語義遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折對比、因果推導(dǎo)關(guān)系，順著邏輯鏈條篩選適配選項(xiàng)。
代入檢查：把選定的選項(xiàng)依次代入原文空缺處，通讀全文，核查上下文銜接是否流暢，語義是否連貫，語法有無錯(cuò)誤，若讀起來拗口、語義斷裂，需重新斟酌選項(xiàng)。
題型01 主旨概括句題

關(guān)注段首或段尾：主旨概括句通常出現(xiàn)在段首或段尾，段首概括句要根據(jù)后文內(nèi)容推斷，查找同義詞或相關(guān)詞；段尾概括句則要總結(jié)上文。
利用關(guān)鍵詞和重復(fù)信息：快速瀏覽選項(xiàng)和文章，找出關(guān)鍵詞和重復(fù)信息，這些往往是概括主題的線索。
排除干擾項(xiàng)：干擾項(xiàng)可能過于寬泛、以偏概全或偏離主題，通過對比排除這些選項(xiàng)。
（2024·重慶·模擬預(yù)測）Very few peple can say that they have achieved all that they are capable f. But what is it that is preventing yu frm fulfilling yur ptential (潛能)?
16 They knw that they have smething special t cntribute and they are determined t make their mark. This des nt mean that they are t prud. On the cntrary, they are self critical and push themselves hard because they knw that they can achieve mre.
It is easy and natural t settle int a rut (墨守成規(guī)). Why try smething new when yu are already ding that yu are gd at? 17 They take risks. They mve ut f their cmfrt znes. They take n difficult challenges. They push themselves t acquire new skills and t face new examinatins f their abilities. 18 Where are yu right nw — inside yur cmfrt zne r taking risks?
19 Thinking and planning are great but it is actin that leads t success. It is nly by ding things and ding the right things that yu change the wrld.
Let’s face it — yur friends and family are really nice peple but they are nt challenging yu t achieve mre. Spend mre time with high flyers and psitive thinkers wh understand ambitin and achievement. Share sme f yur thughts, dreams and challenges with them. 20
A．High achievers g further.
B．This means that they run the risk f failure.
C．All successful peple have strng self-belief.
D．They can take cmfrt in mdest achievements.
E．Yu waste a lt f time every day n lw value activities.
F．They will encurage yu and give yu the direct advice yu need.
G．It is really very hard t make prgress if yu have n ambitin fr yur life.
題型02 過渡銜接句題

瞻前顧后找啟示：閱讀設(shè)空處前后句，尋找提示詞、短語或句子，結(jié)合上下文內(nèi)容，看所選答案是否能將兩部分內(nèi)容銜接起來。
利用過渡銜接詞語：注意選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的過渡銜接詞語，如表示并列、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果等關(guān)系的詞語，根據(jù)這些詞語確定過渡句表示的邏輯關(guān)系。
理清邏輯關(guān)系：明確選項(xiàng)與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，如順逆關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、解釋關(guān)系、例證關(guān)系等，確保過渡自然。
（23-24高三上·安徽·期末）Vegetables are filled with nutrients. Hwever, kids usually hate eating them. Here are five f the mst cmmn reasns why mst kids dn’t really enjy them.
Kids lack in expsure. The best way t get kids t eat their vegetables is t ensure that they are expsed t them early n. 21 . Therefre, if yu want yur kids t lve vegetables, start, expsing them early.
The vegetables taste bitter. Kids are super int the sweet and salt y flavrs, but smetimes vegetables have a bitter taste. The gd news is that the mre yu eat vegetables, the less unpleasant they’ll taste. If yur kids just wn’t eat them, yu can mix them with ther fd r ck them differently. 22 .
Kids are allergic(過敏的). Vegetables cntain vitamins and minerals. 23 . Sme kids are allergic t certain vegetables, making it hard t eat them. S it’s best t find ut if yur kids are allergic t any vegetables befre yu try t get them t eat.
Kids are frced t cnsume. If yu have n idea why they dn’t eat them, try giving them a snack with sme vegetables. 24 . Instead, praise yur kids fr eating them. Then they’re mre likely t try and eat.
25 . Smetimes kids g with the flw and d what thers d. They tend t cpy the behavir f their parents. S if yu’re nt eating yur vegetables, yur kids wn’t, either. The bttm line is that if yur kids are picky eaters, it’s prbably because f yu.
A．Just keep trying
B．Family hate vegetables
C．Hwever, this desn’t mean they’re fr everyne
D．Dn’t try t hard t get yur kids t eat vegetables
E．Sme vegetables are nt fresh and dn’t lk appealing
F．Mst kids dn’t start eating vegetables until abut age 2 r 3
G．What they hear abut vegetables affects their thughts abut them
題型03 細(xì)節(jié)支撐句題

分析段落內(nèi)部邏輯：細(xì)節(jié)支撐句通常出現(xiàn)在段落內(nèi)部，要根據(jù)段落主題句和前后句的邏輯關(guān)系來確定答案。
關(guān)注邏輯關(guān)系標(biāo)志詞：注意設(shè)空處前后句中的邏輯關(guān)系標(biāo)志詞，如條件、原因、讓步、遞進(jìn)、對比、列舉、結(jié)果等，根據(jù)這些詞提示的邏輯關(guān)系選擇合適的細(xì)節(jié)支撐句。
尋找相關(guān)信息詞：在選項(xiàng)中尋找與設(shè)空處前后句相關(guān)的詞匯或信息，確保細(xì)節(jié)支撐句與上下文內(nèi)容緊密相連。
（23-24高三上·山東青島·期末）As we dive int the New Year with fresh reslutins, a big questin is: Hw lng are we ging t stick with them? 36 But there is a strategy knwn as SMART can help bth in setting gals and sticking with them.
Specific. In daily life, we’re driven by ur habits, which cme easily. We can drive, listen t the radi and chew gum at the same time. 37 We need t get rid f distractins and stay fcused. Mastering a new skill is slw ging, s it’s best t be clear n ur aim.
Measurable. When it cmes t gals, there’s ften a divide between intentin and actin. One way t bridge this gap is t track what we’ve achieved each day. 38 S, if yu’re learning t play the pian, lg yur practice. If yur aim is t eat better, jurnal yur meals.
Achievable. 39 It’s a reality check n hw much time and resurces yu have t devte t it. And, it smetimes begs a bigger questin: Why shuld I cmmit t this gal?
Relevant. Gals and values shuld be cnnected. We may spend years living ut ther peple’s dreams fr us. If yu’re extrinsically (外在地) mtivated, yu may pwer thrugh. But yu may nt be happy with the utcme, even if yu’re very successful. 40
Time-bund. It’s imprtant t set gals that have clear time frames. Map ut an actin plan, and thrughut the year yu can refer back t the plan.
Set cncrete gals and plan a pain frward. When yu’re filling yur days with tasks and activities in line with yur gals, it’s time well spent.
A．But wrking tward a new gal can require a lt f brain pwer.
B．We knw it matters t eat healthier, but it is hard t fllw thrugh.
C．Break yur gal dwn int smaller pieces and think whether it’s dable.
D．Peple wh regularly mnitr their prgress are mre likely t succeed.
E．If yu pick a gal yu really care abut, yu’ll get it dne and feel better.
F．We ften start with determinatin and quickly find ur passin decreasing.
G．T keep yu n track, write dwn yur gals and share them with yur teachers.
題型04 結(jié)論概括句

注意總結(jié)性信號(hào)詞：結(jié)論概括句常含有總結(jié)性的信號(hào)詞，如therefre, as a result, thus, hence, in shrt, t sum up, t cnclude, in a wrd等。
總結(jié)上文內(nèi)容：根據(jù)上文的論述內(nèi)容，選擇能夠總結(jié)或概括上文觀點(diǎn)、信息的選項(xiàng)。
與主題句呼應(yīng)：結(jié)論概括句要與文章或段落的主題句相呼應(yīng)，確保文章結(jié)構(gòu)完整、邏輯清晰。
（23-24高三上·廣東梅州·期末）Getting and staying fcused can be a challenge even in the best f times. But with everything ging n in the wrld, cncentrating can ften feel dwn-right impssible. Belw are sme tips t help yu find yur flw.
Distract (使分心) yur brain. Schedule int every wrkday sme breaks frm all that fcusing and allw yur mind t travel int what’s called the “default (默認(rèn)的) mde netwrk” fr a bit f freestyle activities. 66 . It’s the place where ur minds find innvatin and creativity and ften make better decisins than the fcused mind.
67 . This invlves first turning yur attentin inward. Try traveling with yur mind t smeplace enjyable — maybe it’s a walk thrugh an imaginary frest r sunbathing n a warm sandy beach. Ding this several times a day can ffer yur mind a fresh apprach t the jb at hand.
Blck interruptins befre diving int deep wrk. 68 . T help, turn ff text messaging, ntificatins and scial media alerts. Be vital when yu want a deep dive int fcus. Yur imprtant wrk benefits when yu shut ff r put away yur phne and ther screens.
Knw yur bdy clck. Whether yu are sharp in the mrning r a night wl, dn’t spend yur day — in particular yur peak brain hurs — ding busywrk. 69 .
Try new hbbies. Engaging in hbbies nt nly is fun but can help us cme up with new slutins t prblems we’re facing at wrk r hme. 70 .
A．Try t daydream what happened
B．We try t btain fcus but in vain
C．Engage in psitive cnstructive daydreaming
D．Instead, reserve yur best brain time fr the big stuff
E．This netwrk f the brain circuit is where magic happens
F．Our days are filled with distractins, frm thers and urselves
G．Allwing yur mind time t play is anther way t invite innvatin
(2024年1月浙江首考)
In the past few years, nline learning has becme a significant part f the university and cllege experience. ___16___ But are all nline curses created equal? Hw can yu be sure that digital learning is right fr yu? ___17___
We interviewed students and prfessrs t get their advice abut nline curses, The mst bvius advantage f nline learning is that yu can study anywhere and anytime. ___18___ “I think a pint that many peple lse sight f is hw easy it can be t fall behind schedule,” says graduate student Amanda Bindman. Befre chsing t study nline, cnsider whether yu’re a self-mtivated learner and if the material seems interesting enugh t keep yu ging.
The tip that cmes up mst ften is simple: build nline curses int yur weekly schedule, just like what yu wuld d with in persn curses. ___19___ He nted that his nline students usually end up with lwer grades. It is s easy t let an nline curse slide, but yur grades will suffer as a result. Be sure t schedule set times t watch yur lectures, read materials and cntribute t nline discussin bards.
___20___ A scial cnnectin is ften a big part f learning. There are things yu can d t ease this prblem. Jessica Pink, an undergraduate student, suggests taking nline curses with a friend, s yu can mtivate each ther t stay n track. Yu can als find students n the class discussin bard t rganize a study grup, r schedule in-persn meeting s with yur prfessr t discuss curse cncepts.
A. But that desn’t mean there aren’t deadlines.
B. Yur mtivatin shuld be yur main cncern.
C. D yu knw that nline curses are als part f yur educatin?
D. Prfessr Alex Davidsn teaches the same curse in persn and nline.
E. The chief cmplain t abut nline curses is that they lack human interactin.
F. If yu take an nline curse, what can yu d t ensure the best pssible grade?
G. A survey fund that 29 percent f cllege students registered fr nline curses.
(2024年新課標(biāo)高考英語I卷)
Nt all great writers are great spellers. If yu want t be published, it's vital t submit a perfect, prfessinally presented manuscript (原稿). ____36____ N editr is likely t tlerate a writer wh des nt take the truble t spell wrds crrectly.
I keep tw reference bks clse-by n my desk: dictinary and thesaurus (同義詞詞典). I dn't trust my laptp's spellchecker. ____37____ Of curse, these days there are plenty f nline dictinaries and thesauruses, but I'm ld-fashined enugh t prefer a hard cver and pages I can leaf thrugh with my fingers. I use the Cncise Oxfrd Dictinary and the Cllins Thesaurus.
____38____ It shuld give yu a precise definitin f each wrd, thus differentiating it frm ther wrds whse meanings are similar, but nt identical. It will als usually shw hw the wrd is prnunced.
In additin, I have an ld tw-vlume cpy f the Shrter Oxfrd Dictinary, picked up a few years ag in a bkshp sale fr just 99 pence. Of curse, with its 2,672 pages, it's nt exactly shrt. It cntains arund 163,000 wrds, plus wrd cmbinatins and idimatic phrases. ____39____ Hwever, if I need t check the rigin f a wrd r t lk up examples f its usage, there's nthing better.
Fr well ver a hundred years the mst influential English dictinary was Samuel Jhnsn's Dictinary f the English Language published in 1755. "T make dictinaries is dull (乏味) wrk," wrte Jhnsn, illustrating ne definitin f "dull". ____40____ A few minutes spent casting yur eye ver a page r tw can be a rewarding experience.
A. I dn't ften use this dictinary.
B. It takes n accunt f the cntext.
C. But I still dn't want t replace them.
D. But a dictinary can be a pleasure t read.
E. Of curse, a dictinary is nt nly fr spelling.
F. That means gd grammar and n spelling mistakes.
G. Dictinaries dn't always give yu enugh infrmatin.
(2024年新課標(biāo)高考英語II卷)
Overturism Is Fr Real: Hw Can Yu Help?
Travel prmtes understanding, expands ur minds, makes us better peple, and bsts lcal ecnmies and cmmunities, but the rapid grwth f travel has led t verturism in certain regins and destinatins. ___16___ Certainly nt. The lss f what travel ffers wuld be unacceptable in tday’s wrld. Here are sme tips n making wise decisins t minimize pressure n the places we visit and imprve ur experience.
●Chse mindfully. Overvisited destinatins are that way fr a reasn: they’re special. With s many nline psts featuring the same places, it’s easy t feel like yu’re missing ut. G smewhere nly when the landscape, culture r fd deeply draws yu. ___17___
●Get creative. The best way t ease pressure n ver-turisted destinatins is t g smewhere else. Thugh verturism is described as a prblem affecting the entire wrld, it’s actually cncentrated t a small number f extremely ppular spts. That means yu have tns f less-visited ptins t chse frm. ___18___ Why nt try a reginal alternative r check ut a ppular destinatin’s lesser-knwn sights?
●___19___ Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping majr hlidays r rush hur. Yu’ll cmpete with fewer turists, save mney, experience a different side f a ppular place, and bst the ecnmy when turism is traditinally slwer.
Visiting a place that thers call hme is a privilege (榮幸). D yur part t preserve what makes a destinatin special in the first place. ___20___ Yu may be amazed hw much clser yu’ll feel t the peple there.
A. Visit during ff-peak times.
B. S, shuld we stp traveling?
C. Travel fr yu and n ne else.
D. Can verturism be avided then?
E. Yu can still find relatively undiscvered places.
F. Yu’ll find yurself virtually alne, r clse t it.
G. Cnsider giving back t the cmmunities yu’re visiting.
（2023·新高考卷I閱讀理解七選五）
閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。
Persnal Frgiveness
Taking respnsibility fr mistakes is a psitive step, but dn’t beat yurself up abut them. T err (犯錯(cuò)) is human. ____16____ Yu can use the fllwing writing exercise t help yu d this.
In a jurnal r n a piece f paper, put the heading “Persnal strengths.” ____17____ Are yu caring? Creative? Generus? A gd listener? Fun t be arund? They dn’t have t be wrld-changing, just aspects f yur persnality that yu’re prud f.
At the tp f a secnd page, put the heading “Acts f kindness.” On this ne, list all the psitive things yu’ve dne fr thers. It might be the time when yu helped a friend with their hmewrk, when yu did the irning withut being asked, r when yu baked ckies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
Yu culd ask a friend r family member t help add t yur list. ____19____ That way, yu culd exchange thughts n what makes each f yu special and the aspects f yur persnality that shine thrugh. In fact, dn’t wait until yu’ve made a mistake t try this—it’s a great way t bst self-cnfidence at any time.
It’s smething f a cliché (陳詞濫調(diào)) that mst peple learn nt frm their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a psitive way t develp and grw.
A. A little self-frgiveness als ges a lng way.
B. Nw list all the characteristics yu like abut yurself.
C. They might even like t have a g at ding the exercise.
D. It’s just as imprtant t shw yurself sme frgiveness.
E. It desn’t mean yu have t ignre what’s happened r frget it.
F. Whatever it is, n matter hw small it might seem, write it dwn.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect f yur persnality.
（2023·新高考卷II閱讀理解七選五）
As an artist wh shares her jurney n scial media, I’m ften asked by curius fllwers hw t begin an art jurney. Unfrtunately, there is n magic list I can ffer. I d remember, thugh, what it was like t be a cmplete beginner. S I’ve put tgether sme gd tips fr starting an art jurney.
·Start small. I suggest using a sketchbk (素描本) fr small studies. These small studies prvide inspiratin and may be a springbard fr mre cmplex wrks in the future. ___36___ Yu’ll want t lk back n yur jurney t see hw far yu’ve cme.
·Paint ften and paint frm life. There’s n better way t imprve than t put in thse brush miles. Whether yu paint still lifes, prtraits, r landscapes, paint frm life as much as pssible. ___37___
·Cntinually challenge yurself t try smething new. ___38___ Artistic grwth can be a bit painful. Welcme t the club；we’ve all been there. I lve taking n challenges. I nce tk up a challenge t create a painting every day fr a mnth and pst the wrks nline.
·___39___ Seeking and accepting cnstructive feedback (反饋) is crucial t grwth. I pst my wrk n scial media and, in turn, have met sme f the kindest peple. They make me feel valued and respected, n matter my level f artistic ability.
The jurney yu’re n wn’t fllw a straight path. ___40___ Push thrugh, give it time and put in the effrt. Yu will harvest the rewards f an artistic life.
A Get ut f yur cmfrt zne.
B. Make career plans and set gals.
C. Dn’t thrw away yur beginner art.
D. Share yur wrk if yu feel cmfrtable ding s.
E. Yu’ll hit radblcks, and yu’ll feel discuraged at times.
F. Evaluate yur perfrmance and, if needed, redefine yur rle.
G. Yu’ll develp that painting muscle memry that nly cmes with repetitin.
A
（2024·河南·一模）Players, in Prject SEKAI a wrld where reality and digital fantasy intertwine, 1 .
A Symphny f Taps: Engaging Rhythm Mechanics
Prject Sekai transfrms familiar rhythm gameplay int an enthralling experience where precisin and timing bring music t life. Adjustable difficulty settings ensure that bth newcmers and seasned players find their rhythm, challenging them t perfect perfrmances and ascend the leaderbards.
Interwven Stries and Evlving Characters
At the heart f Prject Sekai lies its rich narrative depth, where characters—frm virtual idls t vibrant human prtagnists— 2 . Thrugh fully viced dialgues and interactive stries, players explre persnal grwth and friendships that evlve with each nte sung.
Explring the Dual Dimensins f Hatsune Miku: Clrful Stage
In the heart f Shibuya, Tky, the game unflds, presenting a unique scenari where belved virtual idls like Hatsune Miku exist nly within the cnfines f fictin. Yet, these characters discver a gateway t “SEKAI”,a mysterius alternate reality that frms in respnse t human emtins. 3 This game sets players n a cmpelling quest alngside these virtual singers t navigate their cmplex wrlds and unravel the truths hidden in their “true feelings.”
Besides, the game pivts arund a silent, meldy-less sng called “Untitled,” that mysteriusly appears n varius persnal devices. 4 , transfrming as players delve deeper int understanding and expressing their emtin. As they interact with the sng, it gradually develps a meldy, lyrics, and finally a name, mirrring the player's emtinal jurney. 5 ,challenging players t find balance and harmny between tw wrlds.
A．bring their wn dreams and dilemmas
B．display a variety f emtins stirred frm themselves
C．It acts as a key t SEKAI
D．immerse themselves in it with the rhythmic sptlight surrunded
E．Each SEKAI manifests differently, reflecting the diverse emtinal landscapes f thse wh access it
F．embark n their captivating musical adventure
G．It allws fr a fluid mvement between the tangible reality f Tky and the ethereal realms f SEKAI
B
（2024·廣東佛山·二模）An essential writing skill is the ability t use plain language effectively t cnvey ideas clearly. Plain language invlves using direct and accessible language with a straightfrward structure. T write in plain language, it is imprtant t fllw certain guidelines.
6 The nly details necessary are thse necessary fr understanding. Fr example, the sign “Wait behind the yellw line,” at a train platfrm includes “yellw” s travelers knw where t stand.
Plain language avids using vcabulary that requires specialized knwledge. If yu wrk in IT, yu can cmfrtably use the wrd “l(fā)atency” with yur clleagues. 7 But when speaking with smene withut an IT backgrund, yu might instead use “slw” t ensure that they knw what yu’re talking abut.
Plain language is mre than wrd chices, thugh. It als invlves structuring writing t priritize clarity. 8 Fr example, use clear headers fr each sectin. Mentin the tpic early in a sentence r paragraph. Write directly t yur reader. 9 Additinally, use the active vice whenever pssible t enhance clarity.
It is imprtant t nte that nt every guideline fr plain writing will apply t every piece f writing. The ultimate gal is t create cntents that are accessible and easily understd. By using plain language, yu demnstrate respect fr yur readers’ time and intelligence. 10
A．That is because they knw what it means.
B．This can be achieved in the fllwing ways.
C．Thus, it develps psitive relatinships with them.
D．In many cases, this means writing in the secnd persn pint f view.
E．One key aspect f plain writing is ensuring sentences are as shrt as pssible.
F．This can be especially imprtant fr thse wh speak English as a secnd language.
G．Plain language reduces the risk f misunderstandings caused by cnfusing language chices.
C
（2024·福建泉州·二模）While mst f us wrk hard t shine at the presentatins and speeches we can prepare fr, we may find imprmptu (即興的) cmmunicatin scary. Actually, yu just need t learn specific skills t cmmunicate effectively when put n the spt. Here are a few pinters.
11 What d yu want yur audience t knw? Hw d yu want them t feel, and what d yu want them t d? Having a clear bjective paired with an awareness f yur audience will narrw yur fcus. Then yu can priritize what t say and chse yur exact wrds mre wisely.
Organize Yur Thughts. When making frmal presentatins, mst peple give a lgical structure that audiences can easily fllw. But few f us adequately rganize thughts in imprmptu situatins. 12 In fact, the best speakers maintain audience interest by demnstrating cnnectins amng specific pints, ideas, fr example.
Listen as well as yu talk. 13 Yu shuld d the ppsite: fcus n listening s that yu can better understand the in-the-mment needs and interests f yur cnversatin partners and respnd mre effectively. Paraphrasing r asking pen-ended fllw-up questins can help cnfirm yur understanding and prvide extra time t think abut yur respnse.
Dare t be dull. Dn’t feel yu need t give a standut perfrmance. One ppular saying applies here, “ 14 ” Listeners are mre likely t trust and apprve f yu when yu speak like a human being rather than an actr r a rbt. Research shws that the mst effective speech includes mderate use f fillers such as “um” and “uh”.
The real prblem in imprmptu cmmunicatin isn’t an inability t cmmunicate. 15 Frtunately, a measure f experimentatin thught, and practice f the skills can make imprmptu speaking pprtunities yur time t shine.
A．Identify a cmmunicatin gal.
B．He knws mst wh speaks least.
C．Dn’t let the perfect be the enemy f the gd.
D．It’s being s nervus that we struggle with the talks.
E．We may assume that it’s impssible t d s n the fly.
F．A clear structure enhances cmprehensin and engagement.
G．Mst peple bsess ver what t say during imprmptu encunters.
D
（2024·湖南邵陽·三模）In the jurney f life, there’s an ften ignred her — labr. Yes, that’s right, gd ld-fashined hard wrk. Whether it’s mwing lawns, babysitting, r washing dishes, the act f labring nt nly fills pckets but als shapes characters and mlds futures.
Let’s face it, we live in a wrld where instant satisfactin is the nrm (標(biāo)準(zhǔn)). But what if we tld yu that delaying that satisfactin and putting in sme gd, hnest sweat can actually be beneficial? It’s true! 16
17 Imagine a teenager tasked with mwing lawns fr a summer jb. Suddenly, they’re respnsible fr shwing up n time, ding a thrugh jb, and managing their earnings. These are life skills that n classrm lecture can match.
Mrever, labr breeds (培養(yǎng)) perseverance. 18 Instead f thrwing in the twel, they persevere, learning frm each setback and grwing strnger in the prcess. This perseverance becmes a crnerstne (基石) fr success in all aspects f life.
But perhaps the mst prfund impact f labr is its ability t fster empathy and appreciatin. 19 As teenagers serve meals t the less frtunate, they gain a newfund perspective n privilege and gratitude. Suddenly, that new smartphne desn’t seem as imprtant as lending a helping hand t thse in need.
In cnclusin, labr isn’t just abut earning a paycheck but it’s als abut shaping character and building a fundatin fr success. S, the next time yu see a teenager sweating it ut n a ht summer day, remember — 20
A．Labur is significantly beneficial t health.
B．Take, fr instance, vlunteering at a lcal sup kitchen.
C．labr isn’t just abut earning mney and training skills.
D．First, labr gradually acquires a sense f respnsibility.
E．Imagine a yung adult facing rejectin after rejectin while jb hunting.
F．they’re nt just mwing lawns, they’re paving their path t a brighter future.
G．The prcess f labring teaches invaluable lessns that textbks simply can’t cnvey.
E
（23-24高三下·海南省直轄縣級單位·開學(xué)考試）Sme f the ldest living things n ur remarkable planet are trees. The recrd hlders are bristlecne pines (狐尾松) f the western United States, quite a few f which are knwn t be mre than 3,000 years ld. One individual, discvered in 2012, is estimated t be mre than 5,060 years ld, making it the ldest knwn nn-clnal tree in the wrld! 21 : individuals acrss a number f ther tree species have als been arund fr thusands f years.
S, hw d trees survive fr thusands f years? 22 . Undubtedly, part f the answer lies in luck. Ancient trees have bviusly nt submitted t deadly diseases, pests, fires, drughts, windstrms, landslides, r the human axe in the centuries and centuries that they have quietly endured.
The ther part f the answer has t d with hw trees age. In fact, there is quite a debate abut whether ancient trees can be cnsidered “immrtal (永生的)”. That is, will such trees ever die if they are nt killed by an utside frce? We may never knw the answer t that, but, at the very least, 23 . While cell death is an imprtant factr in the aging f humans and ther animals, ne study fund little evidence f cell death in the ginkg tree vascular cambium (銀杏樹維管形成層). In additin, a study f bristlecne pine pllen (花粉) fund n significant increase in mutatin (變異) rates with age, which is anther factr assciated with animal aging. 24 .
Older trees benefit greatly frm having bdies made mstly f dead wdy tissue. In fact, an ld tree might be as much as 95 percent dead tissue! Given that it isn’t alive, wd des nt require metablic (新陳代謝的) activity t maintain it, 25 .
A．s an ld tree desn’t really need t d much t keep living
B．This is a questin that has smething t d with the gd luck f trees
C．Hwever, bristlecnes are certainly nt alne in terms f the ldest creatures
D．This is a fascinating questin fr bilgists that des nt yet have a settled answer
E．What’s mre, sme ancient trees have superir chemical defenses against pests and diseases
F．which means that trees can survive everywhere withut being limited by external and internal cnditins
G．we knw that ancient trees age in ways that are dramatically different frm the ways that mst animals and even ther plants age

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