1.（2024·浙江嘉興·二模）
It’s cmmnly acknwledged that ur lives are ruled by algrithms (算法), but have we really cllectively understd hw they have transfrmed ur culture and persnality?
In Filterwrld: Hw algrithms flattened culture, Kyle Chayka argues cnvincingly that the rise f algrithm-driven feeds, used everywhere nline frm Instagram t Sptify, has led t a mre unifrm culture. Our tastes and desires increasingly dn’t belng t us, but t algrithms that are designed t keep peple engaged at all csts. If the cllectin f ur tastes truly shapes ur entire persnality, then this lss is mre psychlgically damaging than it first appears. Aimlessly scrlling (滾屏) thrugh Netflix r TikTk may seem harmless, but ver days, mnths r years, we lse tuch with what we like and enjy.
Taste-making algrithms are inescapable. Chayka shws this by wrking thrugh all crners f life: what we wear(TikTk), where we eat(Ggle Maps), music we listen t(Sptify), even wh we date r marry(Tinder). This universe f algrithm-driven decisins has sciety-wide implicatins: “It extends t influence ur physical spaces, ur cities, and the rutes we mve thrugh…flattening them in turn.” N ne gets ut f the Filterwrld untuched.
If yu’re lucky enugh nt t need any srt f algrithm-based system fr yur wrk, then yu have the ptin t step back frm algrithms fr a while. But if yur friend suggests a film recmmended n X/Twitter r yu feel the need t buy thse shes suddenly everyne has started wearing after scial media advertisements, what are yu t d? It all feels fruitless.
This Filterwrld may be inescapable, but there is hpe. Yu can start by engaging mre with the media yu d chse t cnsume. This culd mean reading up abut a film yu watched r paying artists yu like directly. Even the thughtful act f recmmending an album (專輯) t a friend is mre rewarding than a randm TikTk feed. As Chayka says, resistance t algrithms “requires an act f willpwer, a chice t mve thrugh the wrld in a different way.”
1．What is Kyle Chayka’s pinin n algrithms?
A．They imprve ur tastes.B．They make ur culture mre alike.
C．They help t identify ur persnality.D．They cntribute t psychlgical prblems.
2．What des the underlined part in paragraph 3 refer t?
A．The sciety with advanced technlgy.B．The wrld withut scial media platfrms.
C．The netwrk f algrithm-driven decisins.D．The cmmunity free frm algrithmic influence.
3．Which f the fllwing is a way t resist the impact f algrithms?
A．Limiting the use f scial media platfrms.B．Making chices based n friends’ suggestins.
C．Getting mre invlved with the selected media.D．Discnnecting frm scial media advertisements.
4．What is the best title fr the text?
A．Algrithms: Cultural TakeverB．The Secret f Algrithms
C．Scial Media: Cultural MessengerD．The Rise f Digital Platfrms
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．C 4．A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了人們的生活普遍受到了算法的影響，算法使我們的文化更加相似，對此提出了一些避免文化被算法趨同的建議。
1．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“In Filterwrld: Hw algrithms flattened culture, Kyle Chayka argues cnvincingly that the rise f algrithm-driven feeds, used everywhere nline frm Instagram t Sptify, has led t a mre unifrm culture. Our tastes and desires increasingly dn’t belng t us, but t algrithms that are designed t keep peple engaged at all csts. (在《過濾器世界：算法如何使文化扁平化》一書中，Kyle Chayka令人信服地指出，從Instagram到Sptify，算法驅(qū)動的信息流在網(wǎng)上無處不在，它的興起導(dǎo)致了一種更加統(tǒng)一的文化。我們的品味和欲望越來越不屬于我們自己，而是屬于那些旨在不惜一切代價讓人們參與其中的算法。)”可知，Kyle Chayka對算法的看法是它們使我們的文化更加相似。故選B。
2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞上文“This universe f algrithm-driven decisins has sciety-wide implicatins: “It extends t influence ur physical spaces, ur cities, and the rutes we mve thrugh…flattening them in turn.” (這種由算法驅(qū)動的決策對整個社會都有影響：“它延伸到影響我們的物理空間、城市和我們走過的路線……反過來使它們扁平化。”)”可知，算法驅(qū)動的決策網(wǎng)絡(luò)影響到了我們生活的各個方面，沒有人能不受影響地從算法驅(qū)動的決策網(wǎng)絡(luò)走出來。故劃線部分指的是“算法驅(qū)動的決策網(wǎng)絡(luò)”。故選C。
3．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“This Filterwrld may be inescapable, but there is hpe. Yu can start by engaging mre with the media yu d chse t cnsume. (這個“過濾世界”可能是不可避免的，但還是有希望的。你可以從更多地參與你選擇消費的媒體開始。)”可知，更多地參與選定的媒體是抵抗算法影響的方法。故選C。
4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“It’s cmmnly acknwledged that ur lives are ruled by algrithms (算法), but have we really cllectively understd hw they have transfrmed ur culture and persnality? (人們普遍認為，我們的生活是由算法控制的，但我們真的理解了它們是如何改變我們的文化和個性的嗎？)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了人們的生活普遍受到了算法的影響，算法使我們的文化更加相似，對此提出了一些避免文化被算法趨同的建議?？芍?，A選項“算法：文化接管”最符合文章標題。故選A。
2.（2024·浙江紹興·二模）
T build a prsperus (繁榮的) sciety, a fundamental understanding f the mdern ecnmy as a driving frce in tday’s wrld is essential.
What kind f prsperity have we achieved s far? The widespread definitin f prsperity fcuses n ecnmic pwer and grwth as measures f success. Let’s take a lk at histry. The Secnd Industrial Revlutin enabled mass prductin and created a sufficient supply f gds. This has greatly increased the imprtance f mney in its rle as “a stre f value, ” and “a medium f exchange. ”As a result, we have pursued ecnmic pwer as the nly indicatr f prsperity, such as GDP. Waves f glbalizatin and technlgical evlutin have prmted verall ecnmic grwth, but have allwed the few wh are strng t achieve greater pwer while expliting the many wh are weak. Cnsequently, inequality has wrsened, and disunity has intensified.
The path t a truly prsperus wrld requires a shift in fcus twards the mst suitable happiness fr all, in additin t ecnmic pwer. Defining happiness, hwever, is a cmplex task. What makes peple happy? The degree t which the same thing creates happiness differs frm persn t persn. Happiness is subjective and cmplicated. This is a wrld f “multiple values” where each f us determines wrth as ppsed t “ne fixed price” based merely n an ecnmic perspective. Individuals shuldn’t be defined by a single identity r rle but by multidimensinal nature as well as multiple rles making independent chices and taking actins fr their happiness in different aspects.
Businesses must be pineers in pursuing nt nly ecnmic grwth but als the happiness f all citizens f sciety. Cmpanies can cntribute thrugh the pursuit f scial value as well as ecnmic prfit. At the heart f this lies “purpse”. A cmpany’s purpse defines the value it brings t sciety. The true wrth f a cmpany shuld be determined nt just by the return s it creates fr sharehlders but by the value it creates fr sciety as a whle.
5．What is the authr’s attitude t the widely accepted standard f prsperity?
A．Indifferent.B．Critical.C．Uncertain.D．Apprving.
6．What is the side effect f technlgical evlutin?
A．The slwer ecnmic grwth speed.
B．The sharp reductin f jb pprtunities.
C．The enlarged gap between the rich and the pr.
D．The increasing cnflict between different natins.
7．Which statement will the authr agree with accrding t the passage?
A．Happiness is changeable and beynd cntrl.
B．Happiness largely depends n ecnmic pwer.
C．The pursuit f prfit determines a cmpany’s true wrth.
D．A prsperus wrld shuld be measured by multiple values.
8．Wh are the main intended readers f the text?
A．Scial psychlgists.B．Enterprise administratrs.
C．Schl educatrs.D．Technlgical researchers.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一個繁榮的世界應(yīng)該用多種價值觀來衡量，企業(yè)不僅要成為追求經(jīng)濟增長的先鋒，還要成為追求全體社會公民幸福的先鋒。
5．推理判斷題。由文章第二段中“The widespread definitin f prsperity fcuses n ecnmic pwer and grwth as measures f success. Let’s take a lk at histry. The Secnd Industrial Revlutin enabled mass prductin and created a sufficient supply f gds. This has greatly increased the imprtance f mney in its rle as “a stre f value, ” and “a medium f exchange. ”As a result, we have pursued ecnmic pwer as the nly indicatr f prsperity, such as GDP. Waves f glbalizatin and technlgical evlutin have prmted verall ecnmic grwth, but have allwed the few wh are strng t achieve greater pwer while expliting the many wh are weak. Cnsequently, inequality has wrsened, and disunity has intensified. (對繁榮的普遍定義側(cè)重于將經(jīng)濟實力和增長作為成功的衡量標準。讓我們來看看歷史。第二次工業(yè)革命使大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)成為可能，并創(chuàng)造了充足的商品供應(yīng)。這大大增加了貨幣作為“價值儲存手段”和“交換媒介”的重要性。因此，我們把經(jīng)濟實力作為衡量繁榮的唯一指標，比如GDP。全球化和技術(shù)發(fā)展的浪潮促進了整體經(jīng)濟增長，但也讓少數(shù)強者獲得了更大的權(quán)力，同時剝削了大多數(shù)弱者。結(jié)果，不平等加劇，不團結(jié)加劇。)”可知，作者對普遍接受的繁榮標準持批判性態(tài)度。故選B。
6．推理判斷題。由文章第二段中“Waves f glbalizatin and technlgical evlutin have prmted verall ecnmic grwth, but have allwed the few wh are strng t achieve greater pwer while expliting the many wh are weak. Cnsequently, inequality has wrsened, and disunity has intensified. (全球化和技術(shù)發(fā)展的浪潮促進了整體經(jīng)濟增長，但也讓少數(shù)強者獲得了更大的權(quán)力，同時剝削了大多數(shù)弱者。結(jié)果，不平等加劇，不團結(jié)加劇。)”可知，技術(shù)進化的副作用是貧富差距的擴大。故選C。
7．細節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“The path t a truly prsperus wrld requires a shift in fcus twards the mst suitable happiness fr all, in additin t ecnmic pwer. Defining happiness, hwever, is a cmplex task. What makes peple happy? The degree t which the same thing creates happiness differs frm persn t persn. Happiness is subjective and cmplicated. This is a wrld f “multiple values” where each f us determines wrth as ppsed t “ne fixed price” based merely n an ecnmic perspective. Individuals shuldn’t be defined by a single identity r rle but by multidimensinal nature as well as multiple rles making independent chices and taking actins fr their happiness in different aspects. (通往真正繁榮世界的道路，除了經(jīng)濟實力之外，還需要把重點轉(zhuǎn)向最適合所有人的幸福。然而，定義幸福是一項復(fù)雜的任務(wù)。什么能讓人快樂?同一件事給人帶來快樂的程度因人而異。幸福是主觀的、復(fù)雜的。這是一個“多重價值”的世界，我們每個人都決定價值，而不是僅僅基于經(jīng)濟觀點的“一個固定價格”。個體不應(yīng)該被定義為單一的身份或角色，而應(yīng)該被定義為多維的本質(zhì)和多重的角色，在不同的方面為自己的幸福做出獨立的選擇和行動。)”可知，一個繁榮的世界應(yīng)該用多種價值觀來衡量。故選D。
8．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Businesses must be pineers in pursuing nt nly ecnmic grwth but als the happiness f all citizens f sciety. Cmpanies can cntribute thrugh the pursuit f scial value as well as ecnmic prfit. At the heart f this lies “purpse”. A cmpany’s purpse defines the value it brings t sciety. The true wrth f a cmpany shuld be determined nt just by the return s it creates fr sharehlders but by the value it creates fr sciety as a whle. (企業(yè)不僅要成為追求經(jīng)濟增長的先鋒，還要成為追求全體社會公民幸福的先鋒。企業(yè)可以通過追求社會價值和經(jīng)濟利潤來做出貢獻。這個問題的核心是“目的”。公司的宗旨決定了它給社會帶來的價值。一家公司的真正價值不僅取決于它為股東創(chuàng)造的回報，還應(yīng)取決于它為整個社會創(chuàng)造的價值。)”可知，本文是寫給企業(yè)管理者讀的。故選B。
3.（2024·浙江臺州·二模）
When instant cake mixes first appeared in the 1950s, American husewives were dubtful. These mixes, prmising easy cake-baking, felt t easy. The manufacturers discvered that requiring the additin f an egg in the baking prcess was just enugh t make the husewives happy with their wrk. The greater sense f effrt gained frm a little extra labr is believed t have been essential t the later success f the cake mix.
This reflects the IKEA effect (宜家效應(yīng)), which is identified by psychlgist Michael I. Nrtn and his clleagues, suggesting we place greater value n things we have wrked t create. They cnducted fur studies in which they asked participants t fld paper cranes and frgs, assemble IKEA bxes, and build sets f Legs. They then asked the builders t bid (出價) fr their creatins, and cmpared the prices with bids frm peple wh hadn’t built them. The builders cnsistently utbid the nn-builders.
Interestingly, the IKEA effect wrks even when peple have n pprtunity t fully persnalize their creatins. While mst participants’ flding skills left much t be desired, they lved their imperfectly persnalized prducts all the mre. Builders valued their wrinkled crane-like creatins nearly five times as much as nn-builders. Beauty, it seems, is in the eye f the builder.
Tday, as cities are suffering frm severe husing crises, the IKEA effect can give us insight int the well-being benefits f a self-building apprach t husing develpment. Prjects like WikiHuse and the “half-a-huse” apprach pineered by Alejandr Aravena’s architecture cmpany Elemental are wrking t make husing mre affrdable and sustainable by making it easier fr peple t build and persnalize their wn hmes.
“The mment peple are invlved with their built envirnment, they have a ttally different relatinship t it,” WikiHuse c-funder Alastair Parvin explained. “When the rf starts leaking r a dr starts creaking, they have the pwer t fix it themselves.”
9．What brught custmers the jy f cake-baking accrding t paragraph 1?
A．A better taste.B．An easy apprach.
C．A detailed recipe.D．An additinal effrt.
10．What des the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 imply?
A．Creatins are based n skills.B．Extra labr increases perceived value.
C．Beauty is fund thrugh cntrast.D．Strict management brings gd quality.
11．What is Alastair Parvin’s attitude twards public invlvement in husing?
A．Critical.B．Objective.C．Dubtful.D．Supprtive.
12．What’s the purpse f this text?
A．T prmte a brand.B．T make a prpsal.
C．T explain a cncept.D．T intrduce a study.
【答案】9．D 10．B 11．D 12．C
【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。本文通過討論宜家效應(yīng)以及幾個實驗研究的結(jié)果，論述了人們更加珍視自己親手創(chuàng)造的東西，并由此引發(fā)了對自我建造住房的好處的思考。
9．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“The manufacturers discvered that requiring the additin f an egg in the baking prcess was just enugh t make the husewives happy with their wrk. The greater sense f effrt gained frm a little extra labr is believed t have been essential t the later success f the cake mix.(制造商發(fā)現(xiàn)，在烘焙過程中加入一個雞蛋就足以讓主婦們對自己的工作感到滿意。從一點點額外的勞動中獲得的更大的努力感被認為是蛋糕粉后來成功的關(guān)鍵)”可知，額外的努力給顧客帶來了蛋糕烘焙的樂趣。故選D項。
10．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)前文“Interestingly, the IKEA effect wrks even when peple have n pprtunity t fully persnalize their creatins. While mst participants’ flding skills left much t be desired, they lved their imperfectly persnalized prducts all the mre. Builders valued their wrinkled crane-like creatins nearly five times as much as nn-builders.(有趣的是，即使人們沒有機會完全個性化他們的作品，宜家效應(yīng)也會起作用。雖然大多數(shù)參與者的折疊技巧還有很多不足之處，但他們更喜歡自己不完美的個性化產(chǎn)品。建筑商對他們皺巴巴的像起重機一樣的創(chuàng)造物的估價幾乎是非建筑商的五倍)”可知，本段主要講述額外的勞動會讓參與者更喜歡自己的作品，所以Beauty, it seems, is in the eye f the builder.意為“額外的勞動增加了感知價值”。故選B項。
11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““The mment peple are invlved with their built envirnment, they have a ttally different relatinship t it,” WikiHuse c-funder Alastair Parvin explained. “When the rf starts leaking r a dr starts creaking, they have the pwer t fix it themselves.”(WikiHuse的聯(lián)合創(chuàng)始人Alastair Parvin解釋說：“當人們參與到他們的建筑環(huán)境中時，他們與環(huán)境的關(guān)系就完全不同了?！薄爱斘蓓旈_始漏水或門開始吱吱作響時，他們有能力自己修理?！?”可知，Alastair Parvin認為公眾參與住房建設(shè)，他們與環(huán)境的關(guān)系就完全不同了，所以是持支持的態(tài)度。故選D項。
12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“This reflects the IKEA effect (宜家效應(yīng)), which is identified by psychlgist Michael I. Nrtn and his clleagues, suggesting we place greater value n things we have wrked t create. They cnducted fur studies in which they asked participants t fld paper cranes and frgs, assemble IKEA bxes, and build sets f Legs. They then asked the builders t bid (出價) fr their creatins, and cmpared the prices with bids frm peple wh hadn’t built them. The builders cnsistently utbid the nn-builders.(這反映了心理學(xué)家邁克爾·i·諾頓(Michael I. Nrtn)及其同事發(fā)現(xiàn)的宜家效應(yīng)(IKEA effect)，即我們更看重自己努力創(chuàng)造的東西。他們進行了四項研究，要求參與者折疊紙鶴和青蛙，組裝宜家盒子，搭建樂高積木。然后，他們要求建筑商為他們的作品出價，并將價格與沒有建造這些作品的人的出價進行比較。建筑商的出價始終高于非建筑商)”以及縱觀全文可知，本文主要解釋什么是宜家效應(yīng)(IKEA effect)，所以本文的目的是解釋一個概念。故選C項。
4.（2024·浙江湖州、麗水、衢州·二模）
US Army veteran (退伍老兵) Mazyck remembers when dctrs tld her she wuld never walk again. She’d been paralyzed frm the waist dwn after a serius accident while parachuting in 2003.The dctrs never said anything abut flating, thugh. In 2021,she gt t d just that.
Mazyck was ne f 12 participants in a Zer G flight, rganized by the grup AstrAccess. This type f flight recreates the weightlessness that astrnauts experience withut ging all the way t space. Flying ver the Pacific Ocean ff Suthern Califrnia, the mdified 747 jet airplane made 15 steep dives and climbs, allwing the flyers multiple perids f weightlessness.
The experience left Mazyck feeling jyful. “The flight was smething that I wuld have never in my wildest dreams thught I wuld’ve experienced,” she says, “especially the flating, the weightlessness.”
Traditinally, strict physical requirements have prevented disabled peple frm becming astrnauts. AstrAccess is wrking t make space accessible t all. “Space remves the barriers between peple; nw is the time t remve the barriers t space itself,” says Mazyck, “It is sending a message t peple wh have histrically been excluded frm STEM that nt nly is there rm fr yu in space, there is a need fr yu.”
During the flight, she says, the participants did experiments and made bservatins. They tk nte f things that peple withut certain disabilities might nt realize are issues. Fr example, peple wh culdn’t grip with their legs needed anther way t hld themselves still while weightless. The grup als experimented with signaling lights fr the deaf and with ways f using braille (盲文) fr the blind.
These types f issues are easy enugh t address. Nw is the time t make space accessible — befre space turism r space settlements becme cmmnplace. “I am s prud and elated abut what’s happening here,” Mazyck adds. “We are paving the way fr the future.”
13．What d we knw abut AstrAccess?
A．It redesigns jet airplanes.B．It ffers weightlessness experience.
C．It prvides physical treatment.D．It trains the disabled t be astrnauts.
14．What is required in the flights fr the participants?
A．Astrnaut experience.B．Steep dives and climbs.
C．Weightlessness perids.D．Trials and bservatins.
15．Which f the fllwing wrds can best describe Mazyck?
A．Generus and determined.B．Caring and persistent.
C．Curageus and ptimistic.D．Ambitius and innvative.
16．Which f the fllwing can be the best title f the passage?
A．Paving the Way fr the FutureB．Disabled Americans Make It t Space
C．Making Space a Place fr EveryneD．US Veterans Experience Zer G Flight
【答案】13．B 14．D 15．C 16．C
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了AstrAccess組織參與者進行失重體驗，腰部癱瘓的Mazyck就是其中一名參與者。AstrAccess正在努力使所有人都能進入太空。
13．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Mazyck was ne f 12 participants in a Zer G flight, rganized by the grup AstrAccess. This type f flight recreates the weightlessness that astrnauts experience withut ging all the way t space.(Mazyck是由AstrAccess組織的零重力飛行的12名參與者之一。這種類型的飛行重現(xiàn)了在沒有進入太空的情況下宇航員所經(jīng)歷的失重狀態(tài)。)”可知，AstrAccess提供失重體驗。故選B。
14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“During the flight, she says, the participants did experiments and made bservatins.(她說，在飛行過程中，參與者做了實驗和觀察)”可知，參與者的飛行要求是試驗和觀察。故選D。
15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段““The flight was smething that I wuld have never in my wildest dreams thught I wuld’ve experienced,” she says, “especially the flating, the weightlessness.”(她說：“這次飛行是我做夢也想不到自己會經(jīng)歷的事情，尤其是漂浮和失重的感覺?！?”以及倒數(shù)第三段““Space remves the barriers between peple; nw is the time t remve the barriers t space itself,” says Mazyck, “It is sending a message t peple wh have histrically been excluded frm STEM that nt nly is there rm fr yu in space, there is a need fr yu.”(“太空消除了人與人之間的障礙；現(xiàn)在是時候消除太空本身的障礙了，”Mazyck說，“這向那些歷史上被排除在STEM之外的人發(fā)出了一個信息，那就是太空不僅有你的空間，還有你的需求?！?”可推知，Mazyck勇敢樂觀。故選C。
16．主旨大意題。根據(jù)最后一段“Nw is the time t make space accessible — befre space turism r space settlements becme cmmnplace. “I am s prud and elated abut what’s happening here,” Mazyck adds. “We are paving the way fr the future.”(在太空旅游或太空定居變得司空見慣之前，現(xiàn)在是時候讓太空變得觸手可及了。“我為這里發(fā)生的一切感到驕傲和高興，”馬齊克補充道?！拔覀冋跒槲磥礓伷降缆??！?”結(jié)合文章主要說明了AstrAccess組織參與者進行失重體驗，腰部癱瘓的Mazyck就是其中一名參與者。AstrAccess正在努力使所有人都能進入太空?？芍?，C選項“讓太空成為每個人的地方”最適合作為文章標題。故選C。
5.（2024·浙江杭州·二模）
Educatin in 2080 is distinctive frm educatin in the 2020s. Until abut 2035, the main functin f educatin systems was t supply the ecnmy with the next generatin f wrkers. In 2080, the purpse f educatin is the well-being f sciety and all its members. T make this a bit mre tangible fr yu, I wuld like t give an example f what a child’s educatin lks like in 2080. Her name is Shemsy. Shemsy is 13, and she is cnfident and lves learning.
Shemsy des nt g t schl in the mrning because schls as yu knw them n lnger exist. The institutin was ablished as it was widely thught f as mre like a prisn r a factry than a creative learning envirnment. Schls have been replaced with “Learning Hubs” that are nt restricted t certain ages. They are where intergeneratinal learning happens, in line with the belief that learning is a lifelng pursuit.
Every year, Shemsy designs her learning jurney fr the year with a highly attentive “teacher-citizen”. Shemsy is actively engaged in designing her educatin and has t prpse prjects she wuld like t be invlved in t cntribute t and serve her cmmunity. She als spends lts f time playing as the rle f play in learning has finally been recgnized as essential and cre t ur humanity. Shemsy wrks a lt cllabratively. Access t educatin is universal, and higher educatin institutins n lnger differentiate themselves by hw many peple they reject yearly. Variability between students is expected and leveraged (利用) as yung peple teach ne anther and use their differences as a surce f strength. Shemsy naturally explres what she is curius abut at a pace she sets. She still has sme classes t take that are mandatry fr children glbally: Being Human and the Histry f Humanity.
We invite yu t think abut yur visin fr educatin in the year 2080, what des it lk like, wh des it serve,and hw des it transfrm ur scieties?
17．What des paragraph 1 mainly tell us?
A．There are different types f educatin.
B．The present educatin needs imprvements.
C．Educatin and ecnmy are clsely assciated.
D．The gal f future educatin is fundamentally different.
18．What d we knw abut the Learning Hub that Shemsy ges t?
A．It accepts students f all ages.B．It prmtes cmpetitin.
C．It discurages individualized learning.D．It is all abut play-based learning.
19．What des the underlined wrd “mandatry” in paragraph 3 mean?
A．Tugh.B．Satisfactry.C．Optinal.D．Required.
20．What is the suitable title fr the text?
A．An Example t AllB．A Visin fr Educatin
C．A Challenge fr EducatinD．A Jurney int the Future
【答案】17．D 18．A 19．D 20．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹的是對2080年的教育的展望。
17．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Until abut 2035, the main functin f educatin systems was t supply the ecnmy with the next generatin f wrkers. In 2080, the purpse f educatin is the well-being f sciety and all its members.(直到2035年左右，教育系統(tǒng)的主要功能是為經(jīng)濟提供下一代工人。在2080年，教育的目的是社會及其所有成員的福祉。)”可知，第一段主要告訴我們未來教育的目標是完全不同的。故選D。
18．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Schls have been replaced with “Learning Hubs” that are nt restricted t certain ages.(學(xué)校已經(jīng)被不受年齡限制的“學(xué)習(xí)中心”所取代。)”可知，Shemsy去的學(xué)習(xí)中心接受所有年齡的學(xué)生。故選A。
19．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Being Human and the Histry f Humanity(做人和人類歷史)”可知，做人和人類歷史應(yīng)該是全球兒童必修的課程，劃線詞mandatry的意思是“必修的”，和required意思相近，故選D。
20．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段“In 2080, the purpse f educatin is the well-being f sciety and all its members. T make this a bit mre tangible fr yu, I wuld like t give an example f what a child’s educatin lks like in 2080.(在2080年，教育的目的是社會及其所有成員的福祉。為了讓你們更明白這一點，我想舉一個2080年兒童教育的例子。)”可知，本文主要介紹的是對2080年的教育的展望，因此最恰當?shù)臉祟}是B選項“A Visin fr Educatin(教育遠景)”。故選B。
6.（2024·浙江金麗衢十二校聯(lián)考·二模）
The maker f ChatGPT recently annunced its next mve int generative artificial intelligence. San Francisc-based OpenAI’s new text-t-vide generatr, called Sra, is a tl that instantly makes shrt vides based n written cmmands, called prmpts.
Sra is nt the first f its kind. Ggle, Meta and Runway ML are amng the ther cmpanies t have develped similar technlgy. But the high quality f vides displayed by OpenAI — sme released after CEO Sam Altman asked scial media users t send in ideas fr written prmpts-surprised bservers.
A phtgrapher frm New Hampshire psted ne suggestin, r prmpt, n X. The prmpt gave details abut a kind f fd t be cked, gncchi (意大利團子), as well as the setting — an ld Italian cuntry kitchen. The prmpt said: “An instructinal cking sessin fr hmemade gncchi, hsted by a grandmther — a scial media influencer, set in a rustic (土氣的) Tuscan cuntry kitchen.” Altman answered a shrt time later with a realistic vide that shwed what the prmpt described.
The tl is nt yet publicly available. OpenAI has given limited infrmatin abut hw it was built. The cmpany als has nt stated what imagery and vide surces were used t train Sra. At the same time, the vide results led t fears abut the pssible ethical and scietal effects.
The New Yrk Times and sme writers have taken legal actins against OpenAI fr its use f ed wrks f writing t train ChatGPT. And OpenAI pays a fee t The Assciated Press, the surce f this reprt, t license its text news archive (檔案) . OpenAI said in a blg pst that it is cmmunicating with artists, plicymakers and thers befre releasing the new tl t the public.
The cmpany added that it is wrking with “red teamers” — peple wh try t find prblems and give helpful suggestins — t develp Sra. “We are wrking with red teamers-express in areas like misinfrmatin, hateful cntent, and bias — wh will be adversarially testing the mdel,” the cmpany said. “We’re als building tls t help detect misleading cntent such as a detectin classifier that can tell when a vide was generated by Sra.”
21．What makes Sra impressive?
A．Its extrardinary vide quality.B．Its ethical and scietal influence.
C．Its artificial intelligence histry.D．Its written cmmands and prmpts.
22．What can we infer frm the text?
A．Sme disagreements ver Sra have arisen.
B．Sra is the first text-t-vide generatr in histry.
C．OpenAI CEO Altman wrte a prmpt as an example.
D．All the details abut hw Sra was built have been shared.
23．What is the main idea f Paragraph 6?
A．The cmpany’s current challenge.
B．The cmpany’s advanced technlgy.
C．The cmpany’s prblems in management.
D．The cmpany’s effrts fr Sra’s imprvement.
24．What is the authr’s attitude twards Sra?
A．Neutral.B．Optimistic.C．Pessimistic. D．Cautius.
【答案】21．A 22．A 23．D 24．A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了OpenAI新推出了一款文本到視頻生成器Sra，文章介紹了其特點以及其爭議。
21．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“But the high quality f vides displayed by OpenAI—sme released after CEO Sam Altman asked scial media users t send in ideas fr written prmpts-surprised bservers.(但OpenAI顯示的高質(zhì)量視頻——其中一些是在首席執(zhí)行官薩姆·奧特曼要求社交媒體用戶發(fā)送書面提示的想法后發(fā)布的——讓觀察者感到驚訝)”可知，Sra讓人印象深刻的是其非凡的視頻質(zhì)量。故選A。
22．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“OpenAI has given limited infrmatin abut hw it was built. The cmpany als has nt stated what imagery and vide surces were used t train Sra. At the same time, the vide results led t fears abut the pssible ethical and scietal effects.(OpenAI提供的關(guān)于它是如何構(gòu)建的信息有限。該公司也沒有說明用于訓(xùn)練Sra的圖像和視頻來源。與此同時，視頻結(jié)果引發(fā)了人們對可能產(chǎn)生的道德和社會影響的擔憂)”可知，視頻結(jié)果引發(fā)了人們對可能產(chǎn)生的道德和社會影響的擔憂。由此可知，社會上就Sra出現(xiàn)了一些分歧。故選A。
23．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第六段“The cmpany added that it is wrking with “red teamers” —peple wh try t find prblems and give helpful suggestins—t develp Sra. “We are wrking with red teamers-express in areas like misinfrmatin, hateful cntent, and bias—wh will be adversarially testing the mdel,” the cmpany said. “We’re als building tls t help detect misleading cntent such as a detectin classifier that can tell when a vide was generated by Sra.”(該公司補充說，它正在與“紅隊成員”合作開發(fā)索拉。紅隊成員試圖發(fā)現(xiàn)問題并提出有用的建議。該公司表示：“我們正在與錯誤信息、仇恨內(nèi)容和偏見等領(lǐng)域的紅隊快遞員合作，他們將對該模式進行不利的測試?！??！拔覀冞€在構(gòu)建一些工具來幫助檢測誤導(dǎo)性內(nèi)容，比如一個檢測分類器，它可以判斷視頻是由索拉生成的?！?”可知，第六段主要介紹了公司為Sra的改進所做的努力。故選D。
24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“The maker f ChatGPT recently annunced its next mve int generative artificial intelligence. San Francisc-based OpenAI’s new text-t-vide generatr, called Sra, is a tl that instantly makes shrt vides based n written cmmands, called prmpts.(ChatGPT的制造商最近宣布了其向生成人工智能的下一步行動?；谂f金山的OpenAI新的文本到視頻生成器Sra是一種基于書面命令（稱為提示）即時制作短視頻的工具)”可知，主要介紹了OpenAI新推出了一款文本到視頻生成器Sra。作者客觀的在陳述Sra的特點以及其爭議，該公司為了Sra的改進所做的努力。所以作者對Sra的態(tài)度是中立的。故選A。
7.（2024·浙江溫州·二模）
Bnbs ften frm friendly relatinships with ther bnb s in separate scial grups — the first time this has been seen in nn-human primates (靈長類). This is in line with humans, but in cntrast t chimpanzees, anther primate, which frequently kill chimps in ther grups. The findings challenge the idea that humans evlved (進化) frm vilent apes, says Surbeck at Harvard University. “This ptential t frm cperative links between different grups is nt uniquely human and it might have ccurred earlier than we thught,” he says.
Many animals cperate, but they seem t d s nly with thse within their scial circle, r in-grup. Hstile (敵對的 ) interactins between grups are cmmn amng animals, including chimpanzees, s scientists have ften assumed that hstility twards ther scial grups in humans is natural, says Samuni, als at Harvard. Hwever, humans als ften cperate with peple in different scial circles, fr example, by trading r teaching.
Bnbs are ne f ur clsest living relatives. They are less studied than chimpanzees, but are knwn t be mre peaceful, says Surbeck. T learn mre abut interactins between grups, Surbeck and Samuni bserved 31 adult bnb s frm tw scial grups in Cng ver a tw-year perid. The pair dcumented 95 encunters between the grups, which represented abut 20% f their ttal bservatin time. Unlike chimpanzees bserved in previus studies, they shwed cperatin with ut-grup members. In fact,10% f all mutual grming (梳毛) and 6% f all fd sharing ccurred amng members f different scial grups.
While bnb s that grmed thers usually gt an immediate benefit, fd sharing rarely resulted in a gift in return. This suggests that their actins were “nt just mtivated by selfish interests r immediate rewards”, Surbeck and Samuni reprt.
Otten, a researcher frm the Netherlands, finds the study “exciting”, especially as it “challenges the idea f human exceptinalism” with regard t ut-grup cperatin. Otten says the bnb s that were mst cperative within their grups were the same nes that cperated mre with ut-grup members. This agrees with findings frm humans. “Schlars used t believe that in-grup ‘lve’ ges tgether with ut-grup ‘hate’, but recent research suggests that ften in-grup cperatrs are als ut-grup cperatrs,” he says.
25．What is the fcus f the study n bnbs?
A．Their scial behavir.B．Their survival skills.
C．Their evlutinary prcess.D．Their intelligence level.
26．What can be learnt abut the bnbs?
A．They are humans’ clsest relatives.B．They can be taught t cperate.
C．They interact friendly beynd grups.D．They share fd fr immediate rewards.
27．Hw was the study cnducted?
A．By cmparing different primates.B．By bserving bnbs’ interactins.
C．By listing grup members’ mtivatins.D．By analysing statistics f previus studies.
28．Hw des Otten find the study?
A．Frward-lking.B．Grundbreaking.
C．Cntrversial.D．One-sided.
【答案】25．A 26．C 27．B 28．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人類對倭黑猩猩的社交行為的研究。
25．推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“T learn mre abut interactins between grups, Surbeck and Samuni bserved 31 adult bnb s frm tw scial grups in Cng ver a tw-year perid. (為了更多地了解群體之間的互動，蘇貝克和薩穆尼在兩年的時間里觀察了來自剛果兩個社會群體的31只成年倭黑猩猩。)”可知，倭黑猩猩的研究重點是他們的社交行為。故選A。
26．推理判斷題。由文章第三段中“Unlike chimpanzees bserved in previus studies, they shwed cperatin with ut-grup members. In fact,10% f all mutual grming and 6% f all fd sharing ccurred amng members f different scial grups. (與之前的研究中觀察到的黑猩猩不同，它們表現(xiàn)出與群體外成員的合作。事實上，10%的相互梳理和6%的食物分享發(fā)生在不同社會群體的成員之間。)”可知，倭黑猩猩在團體之外進行友好的互動。故選C。
27．細節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段中“T learn mre abut interactins between grups, Surbeck and Samuni bserved 31 adult bnb s frm tw scial grups in Cng ver a tw-year perid. (為了更多地了解群體之間的互動，蘇貝克和薩穆尼在兩年的時間里觀察了來自剛果兩個社會群體的31只成年倭黑猩猩。)”可知，這項研究是通過觀察倭黑猩猩的互動進行。故選B。
28．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Otten, a researcher frm the Netherlands, finds the study “exciting”, especially as it “challenges the idea f human exceptinalism” with regard t ut-grup cperatin. Otten says the bnb s that were mst cperative within their grups were the same nes that cperated mre with ut-grup members. This agrees with findings frm humans. “Schlars used t believe that in-grup ‘lve’ ges tgether with ut-grup ‘hate’, but recent research suggests that ften in-grup cperatrs are als ut-grup cperatrs,” he says. (來自荷蘭的研究人員Otten認為這項研究“令人興奮”，特別是因為它在群體外合作方面“挑戰(zhàn)了人類例外論的觀點”。Otten說，在群體內(nèi)最合作的倭黑猩猩與群體外成員合作得更多。這與人類的研究結(jié)果一致。他說:“學(xué)者們過去認為，群體內(nèi)的‘愛’與群體外的‘恨’相伴而生，但最近的研究表明，群體內(nèi)的合作者往往也是群體外的合作者?！?”可知，Otten認為這項研究是開創(chuàng)性的。故選B。
8.（2024·浙江寧波·二模）
One f the earliest frms f writing which is still being used tday is Chinese characters, r hanzi. The image that many peple have f Chinese characters is that they are all pictgrams, but this is far frm the case because pictgrams have very limited use. Simple pictgrams might be practical, fr example, if ne is making a shpping list f items t buy at the stre, but they are fairly useless if ne is writing smething mre cmplex r abstract. S it is a mistake t assume that written Chinese is a “picture language”．
Besides pictgrams, there are simple idegrams. These are characters which prvide an abstract picture f an idea, but in an ften easily recgnizable frm. Fr example, “up” is “上” while “dwn” is “下”. While the meanings f many idegrams are nt this easy t wrk ut, they tend t be simple, easy-t-remember characters which are cmmnly used.
Next we have a cmmn categry f hanzi: cmpund characters. These are where elements f tw r mre characters are cmbined in ne character fr a new meaning. Sme f these are easy t understand. In many cases, hwever, the meanings f cmpund characters are mre difficult t wrk ut.
Phnetic lan characters are the characters which started ut as pictgrams. Hwever, they were ften used t mean ther wrds that had the same prnunciatin. A gd example f this is “目”. While it can be used in mdern Chinese with the meaning “eye”, it is mst ften used t mean “an item n a list”. The reasn was that Chinese had a wrd fr “an item n a list” but lacked a character fr it, s the wrd tk the character “目”, a character with the same prnunciatin.
A final categry f Chinese characters is by far the mst cmmn. These are phnetic-semantic characters. With phnetic-semantic characters, ne element f each character gives a clue t the prnunciatin, while the ther gives a clue t the meaning.
Over the centuries, Chinese characters have cntinually been develped, with a trend twards the simple and mre abstract. It was thught that the cmplexity f sme Chinese characters was keeping peple frm being able t learn them. Thus, during the 1950s and 1960s, the Chinese gvernment rlled ut simplified Chinese characters.
29．Why are pictgrams smetimes nt practical fr use in a writing system?
A．They are nly available fr shpping.
B．They are t cmplex fr peple t learn.
C．They cannt cnvey abstract ideas very well.
D．They are quite cmplicated and difficult t write.
30．What d we knw abut cmpund characters accrding t the passage?
A．They are drawings f bjects used in a writing system.
B．They are characters which use elements f tw r mre characters.
C．They are characters used in a writing system t cnvey abstract cncepts.
D．They are characters which give clues t bth the meaning and prnunciatin.
31．Which f the fllwing categries des the character “?！?belng t?
A．Pictgrams.B．Phnetic lan characters.
C．Idegrams.D．Phnetic-semantic characters.
32．What wuld be the benefit f simplifying Chinese characters accrding t the passage?
A．Creating a standard character set fr China.
B．Visualizing the image f Chinese characters.
C．Ppularizing the use f Chinese characters.
D．Reprducing a high-grade character fr calligraphy.
【答案】29．C 30．B 31．D 32．C
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了漢字的起源、發(fā)展以及不同類型的漢字。
29．
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“The image that many peple have f Chinese characters is that they are all pictgrams, but this is far frm the case because pictgrams have very limited use. Simple pictgrams might be practical, fr example, if ne is making a shpping list f items t buy at the stre, but they are fairly useless if ne is writing smething mre cmplex r abstract. (很多人對漢字的印象是它們都是象形文字，但事實遠非如此，因為象形文字的用途非常有限。簡單的象形文字可能是實用的，例如，如果一個人正在制作在商店購買的商品的購物清單，但如果一個人在寫更復(fù)雜或抽象的東西，它們就相當無用了。)”可知，象形文字在書寫系統(tǒng)中有時不實用是因為它們不能很好地表達抽象的思想。故選C。
30．
細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Next we have a cmmn categry f hanzi: cmpund characters. These are where elements f tw r mre characters are cmbined in ne character fr a new meaning. (接下來我們有一個常見的漢字類別：復(fù)合字。這是將兩個或多個字符的元素組合在一個字符中以獲得新含義的情況。) ”可知，復(fù)合字是使用兩個或多個字符元素的字。故選B。
31．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段的“With phnetic-semantic characters, ne element f each character gives a clue t the prnunciatin, while the ther gives a clue t the meaning.(對于形聲字，每個字的一個字符元素給出發(fā)音的線索，而另一個字符元素給出意義的線索。)”以及“?！弊值淖蟀氩糠直硪饬x，右半部分表音，因此它屬于形聲字。故選D。
32．
推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Over the centuries, Chinese characters have cntinually been develped, with a trend twards the simple and mre abstract. It was thught that the cmplexity f sme Chinese characters was keeping peple frm being able t learn them. Thus, during the 1950s and 1960s, the Chinese gvernment rlled ut simplified Chinese characters.(幾個世紀以來，漢字不斷發(fā)展，趨向于簡潔和抽象。人們認為，一些漢字的復(fù)雜性使人們無法學(xué)習(xí)它們。因此，在20世紀50年代和60年代，中國政府推出了簡體字。)”可知，簡體字的好處是有利于推廣使用漢字。故選C。
9.（2024·浙江金麗衢十二校二模）
One f the winners f this year’s Nbel Prize in Chemistry was Danish scientist Mrten Meldal. When describing his career, Meldal said he started ut as an engineer but changed t chemistry because he “wanted t understand the wrld.”
Meldal’s experience may cme as a surprise t students. They might believe they have t center their wrk and schl lives in ne field t be successful. But a study frm prfessrs at Michigan State University shws that is nt always the case.
Michele Rt-Bernstein and Rbert Rt-Bernstein published their study in the Creativity Research Jurnal. They said that a large number f Nbel Prize winners can be described as “plymaths”, r “Renaissance”.
The writers lked at past Nbel Prize winners and their students. They decided that when students f winners g n t win Nbel Prizes, sme f what they learned frm their teachers is hw t live a life with many interests. They are, in a way, learning hw t be creative.
Having many interests, the Rt-Bernsteins wrte, permits scientists t lk fr creative ways t slve prblems. In fact, ne imprtant part f science is nt discvering answers, but recgnizing prblems that need t be slved.
The prize winners, the Rt-Bernsteins said, transfer “skills, techniques and materials frm ne field t anther.” They said Alexis Carrel wn his Nbel Prize in medicine in 1912 by using techniques he learned frm the clthing business. He realized that peple wh used thread t make and fix clthing had a skill that culd be used in peratins t put new rgans int peple’s bdies.
The Michigan State prfessrs study creativity. They fund Nbel winners are nine times mre likely t have experience in wrking with wd, metal r in the arts than mst scientists. The Michigan State researchers say that unlike many peple wh spend lng hurs at wrk and give up sme f their utside interests, Nbel winners believe their hbbies are imprtant t creativity.
33．What cmes as a surprise t students accrding t the passage?
A．Meldal’s winning Nbel Prize.
B．Meldal’s riginal wrking field.
C．Meldal’s desire t understand the wrld.
D．Meldal’s study with Michigan State University.
34．What kind f peple can be srted as “plymaths” r “Renaissance”?
A．Peple wh nly cncentrated n just ne field.
B．Peple wh are cmmitted lifelng t their career.
C．Peple wh are equipped with varius interests.
D．Peple wh are admired fr established achievements.
35．What’s the authr’s attitude twards the Rt-Bernsteins’ discvery?
A．Tlerant.B．Cautius.C．Negative.D．Objective.
36．Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?
A．A Secret t Winning Tp Prize
B．An Unbelievable Discvery
C．A Brn Nbel Prize Winner
D．An Amazing Rise t Fame
【答案】33．B 34．C 35．D 36．A
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是Michele Rt-Bernstein和Rbert Rt-Bernstein在《創(chuàng)造力研究雜志》上發(fā)表了他們的研究。他們說，一大批諾貝爾獎獲得者可以被稱為“博學(xué)多才”，或者“多才多藝”。
33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“When describing his career, Meldal said he started ut as an engineer but changed t chemistry because he “wanted t understand the wrld.”(在描述他的職業(yè)生涯時，Meldal說他最初是一名工程師，但后來改為化學(xué)，因為他“想了解這個世界”。)”和第二段的“They might believe they have t center their wrk and schl lives in ne field t be successful.(他們可能認為他們必須把工作和學(xué)習(xí)生活集中在一個領(lǐng)域才能成功。)”可知，學(xué)生們感到驚訝的是Meldal最初的工作領(lǐng)域。故選B。
34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“They might believe they have t center their wrk and schl lives in ne field t be successful. But a study frm prfessrs at Michigan State University shws that is nt always the case.(他們可能認為他們必須把工作和學(xué)習(xí)生活集中在一個領(lǐng)域才能成功。但密歇根州立大學(xué)教授的一項研究表明，情況并非總是如此。)”，第三段的“They said that a large number f Nbel Prize winners can be described as “plymaths”, r “Renaissance”.(他們說，一大批諾貝爾獎獲得者可以被稱為“博學(xué)多才”，或者“多才多藝”。)”和第四段的“They decided that when students f winners g n t win Nbel Prizes, sme f what they learned frm their teachers is hw t live a life with many interests.(他們決定，當獲獎?wù)叩膶W(xué)生獲得諾貝爾獎時，他們從老師那里學(xué)到的一些東西是如何生活得有很多興趣。)”可知，可以被歸類為“博學(xué)多才”或“多才多藝”的人是有各種各樣興趣愛好的人。故選C。
35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“Having many interests, the Rt-Bernsteins wrte, permits scientists t lk fr creative ways t slve prblems.(Rt-Bernstein夫婦寫道，興趣廣泛使科學(xué)家能夠?qū)ふ覄?chuàng)造性的方法來解決問題。)”和倒數(shù)第二段的“The prize winners, the Rt-Bernsteins said, transfer “skills, techniques and materials frm ne field t anther.”(Rt-Bernstein夫婦說，獲獎?wù)邔ⅰ凹寄堋⒓夹g(shù)和材料從一個領(lǐng)域轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個領(lǐng)域”。)”可知，本文作者只是轉(zhuǎn)述Rt-Bernstein夫婦的發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此作者對于Rt-Bernstein夫婦的發(fā)現(xiàn)持客觀態(tài)度，故選D。
36．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第三段的“Michele Rt-Bernstein and Rbert Rt-Bernstein published their study in the Creativity Research Jurnal. They said that a large number f Nbel Prize winners can be described as “plymaths”, r “Renaissance”.(Michele Rt-Bernstein和Rbert Rt-Bernstein在《創(chuàng)造力研究雜志》上發(fā)表了他們的研究。他們說，一大批諾貝爾獎獲得者可以被稱為“博學(xué)多才”，或者“多才多藝”。)”可知，本文主要講的是研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，一大批諾貝爾獎獲得者是多才多藝的人，這可以說是獲得諾貝爾獎的秘訣，因此本文最恰當?shù)念}目是A選項“A Secret t Winning Tp Prize(贏得最高獎的秘密)”，故選A。
10.（23-24·浙江強基聯(lián)盟·模擬）
Plastic is everywhere, frm the Arctic ice t vital rgans in the human bdy. In fact, previus estimates suggest that the average persn swallws a credit card-wrth f micrscpic plastic particles(顆粒) every week. But new research shws that this culd actually be an understatement.
Micrplastics are plastics smaller than 5 millimeters, fund in industrial waste, beauty prducts, and frmed during the degradatin f larger plastic pieces. Over time, they break dwn int even smaller nanplastics. These tiny particles can pass thrugh ur intestines and lungs int ur bldstreams, reaching vital rgans like the heart and brain.
While the idea f eating plastic is unsettling in itself, the majr cncern here is that these plastic particles cntain chemicals that can interrupt ur bdy’s natural release f hrmnes, ptentially increasing ur risk f reprductive disrders and certain cancers. They can als carry txins(毒素) n their surface like heavy metals.
In the past, researchers have shwn bttled water can cntain tens f thusands f identifiable plastic fragments in a single cntainer. Hwever, until recently, nly the larger micrplastics were detectable with available measuring tls, leaving the area f nanplastics largely a mystery.
Using Raman micrscpy (顯微鏡學(xué)), capable f detecting particles dwn t the size f a flu virus, the team measured an average f 240, 000 particles f plastic per liter f bttled water, 90 percent f which were nanplastics, a revelatin 10 t 100 times larger than previus estimates.
These plastics likely riginate frm the bttle material, filters used t “purify” the water, and the surce water itself. “It is nt ttally unexpected t find s much f this stuff, ” the study’s lead authr, Clumbia graduate student Naixin Qian, said in a statement. His team hpes t expand their research int tap water and ther water surces t better infrm ur expsure t these ptentially dangerus particles. “The idea is that the smaller things get, the mre f them I reveal, ” he added.
37．What is the primary fcus f the new research?
A．The presence f plastic particles.B．The use f plastic in everyday prducts.
C．The detectin methds fr micrplastics.D．The ptential risks f nanplastics t human.
38．What is the advantage f Raman micrscpy?
A．Finding the surce f plastic particles.B．Helping t cure the deadly flu virus.
C．Detecting the smaller plastic particles.D．Imprving the quality f bttled water.
39．Why will the team expand their research int tap water?
A．T fcus n areas with higher plastic pllutin.
B．T be aware f the dangerus particles in daily life.
C．T further measure the types f particles in tap water.
D．T detect the smaller plastic particles in industrial areas.
40．What is Qian’s attitude twards his research?
A．Skeptical.B．Objective.C．Cnservative.D．Psitive.
【答案】37．D 38．C 39．B 40．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。主要介紹了一項新的研究揭示微塑料和納米塑料對人體健康的潛在影響。
37．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“While the idea f eating plastic is unsettling in itself, the majr cncern here is that these plastic particles cntain chemicals that can interrupt ur bdy’s natural release f hrmnes, ptentially increasing ur risk f reprductive disrders and certain cancers. They can als carry txins(毒素) n their surface like heavy metals.( 雖然吃塑料的想法本身就令人不安，但主要的擔憂是，這些塑料顆粒含有的化學(xué)物質(zhì)會中斷我們身體自然釋放的激素，可能會增加我們患生殖障礙和某些癌癥的風(fēng)險。它們的表面也會攜帶重金屬等毒素。)” 可知，新研究的焦點是納米塑料對人體可能造成的風(fēng)險。故選D。
38．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Using Raman micrscpy (顯微鏡學(xué)), capable f detecting particles dwn t the size f a flu virus, the team measured an average f 240, 000 particles f plastic per liter f bttled water, 90 percent f which were nanplastics, a revelatin 10 t 100 times larger than previus estimates.(利用拉曼顯微鏡，能夠檢測到流感病毒大小的顆粒，研究小組測量到每升瓶裝水中平均有24萬個塑料顆粒，其中90%是納米塑料，比之前估計的要大10到100倍。)”可知，拉曼顯微鏡學(xué)的優(yōu)勢是能夠檢測到非常小的塑料顆粒。故選C。
39．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“His team hpes t expand their research int tap water and ther water surces t better infrm ur expsure t these ptentially dangerus particles.(他的團隊希望將他們的研究擴展到自來水和其他水源，以更好地了解我們接觸這些潛在危險顆粒的情況。)”可以推斷出，研究小組將研究擴展到自來水等其他水源是為了讓人們意識到在日常生活中面臨的顆粒風(fēng)險。故選B。
40．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Qian的話 “It is nt ttally unexpected t find s much f this stuff(發(fā)現(xiàn)這么多這種東西并不完全出乎意料) ” 及 “The idea is that the smaller things get, the mre f them I reveal(我的想法是，東西越小，我揭示的東西就越多)” 可知他并不對發(fā)現(xiàn)大量微塑料感到完全意外，并且研究對象越小，揭示的就會越多，因此可以推斷出Qian對他的研究持積極態(tài)度。故選D。

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