1.【2024屆廣西柳州高中、南寧三中高三聯(lián)考試題】
In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Nt Peninsula (能登半島) n the cuntry’s western edge n Mnday. Mre than 2,000 active fault lines (斷層線) lie beneath Japan, making it ne f the mst earthquake-prne cuntries in the wrld.
Many scientists have lng cnsidered earthquake frecasting t be impssible. But given recent imprvements in artificial intelligence, sme researchers have been studying whether that culd change.
Last fall, researchers at the University f Texas at Austin increased such hpes fr earthquake predictin with a seven-mnth trial in China. In all, the algrithm (演算法) successfully frecast 14 earthquakes, each within abut 200 miles f its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed ne quake and predicted eight that never happened. The trial was part f an internatinal A．I.-design cmpetitin, ne f a few such events held in recent years t advance earthquake predictin technlgies.
Sergey Fmel, a gescientist at UT Austin and a member f the research team, says in a statement. “We’re nt yet clse t making predictins fr anywhere in the wrld, but what we achieved tells us that what we thught was an impssible prblem is slvable in principle.”
Additinally, machine learning culd help detect hidden patterns in data r cllect mre data t better infrm earthquake frecasting, Hutchisn writes fr MIT Technlgy Review. Fr example, sme researchers are shwing hw A．I. might use recrdings frm a specific seismic site t anticipate an earthquake’s magnitude. One team has built and trained neural netwrks t predict where aftershcks may ccur after an initial strike. And thers are using machine learning t identify and extract seismic waves—the vibratins that spread thrugh the earth during tectnic activity (構(gòu)造活動)—frm ther nises in the grund.
8．What’s the functin f the first paragraph?
A．T explain a cncept.B．T intrduce a new tpic.
C．T supply a summary.D．T prvide an example.
9．What made sme researchers ptimistic abut the earthquake frecasting?
A．The recent prgress in theries.B．The use f traditinal methds.
C．The increasing number f earthquakes.D．The advancements in artificial intelligence.
10．What d we knw frm the third paragraph?
A．The trial was cnducted by Chinese.B．The algrithm was ttally successful.
C．A．I. shws prmise in earthquake predictin.D．The A．I. cmpetitin nly fcused n earthquakes.
11．What is the best title fr the passage?
A．Japan’s Vulnerability t EarthquakesB．Helper in Predicting Earthquakes—A．I.
C．The Impssibility f Earthquake PredictinD．Internatinal Effrts t Predict Earthquakes
【答案】8．B 9．D 10．C 11．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了經(jīng)過試驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，人工智能在地震預(yù)測方面大有前途，并給出詳細(xì)的例子。
8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Nt Peninsula (能登半島) n the cuntry’s western edge n Mnday. Mre than 2,000 active fault lines (斷層線) lie beneath Japan, making it ne f the mst earthquake-prne cuntries in the wrld.(在日本，新的一年從災(zāi)難中開始，周一，該國西部邊緣的諾托半島發(fā)生了7.5級地震。日本地下有2000多條活動斷層帶，使其成為世界上地震最頻繁的國家之一)”可推知，第一段的作用是引入一個新話題。故選B。
9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“But given recent imprvements in artificial intelligence, sme researchers have been studying whether that culd change.(但鑒于最近人工智能的進(jìn)步，一些研究人員一直在研究這種情況是否會改變)”可知，人工智能的進(jìn)步讓一些研究人員對地震預(yù)報持樂觀態(tài)度。故選D。
10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“In all, the algrithm (演算法) successfully frecast 14 earthquakes, each within abut 200 miles f its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed ne quake and predicted eight that never happened.(該算法總共成功預(yù)測了14次地震，每次地震都在震中200英里以內(nèi)。與此同時，它錯過了一次地震，并預(yù)測了8次從未發(fā)生的地震)”可知，人工智能在地震預(yù)測方面大有前途。故選C。
11．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段“Many scientists have lng cnsidered earthquake frecasting t be impssible. But given recent imprvements in artificial intelligence, sme researchers have been studying whether that culd change.(許多科學(xué)家一直認(rèn)為地震預(yù)報是不可能的。但鑒于最近人工智能的進(jìn)步，一些研究人員一直在研究這種情況是否會改變)”結(jié)合文章主要說明了經(jīng)過試驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，人工智能在地震預(yù)測方面大有前途，并給出詳細(xì)的例子?？芍珺選項“預(yù)測地震的幫手——人工智能”最符合文章標(biāo)題。故選B。
2.【2024屆江西省九江十校高三二聯(lián)試題】
The wrld needs t invest mre in agricultural knw — hw t enhance fd prductin, reduce rural pverty and fight climate change, accrding t a cnsensus reached by a glbal grup f farming technlgy leaders n Thursday.
Technlgical innvatin is the crucial driver fr transfrming the glbal agri-fd systems, accrding t the Sanya Declaratin f the 7th Glbal Frum f Leaders fr Agricultural Science and Technlgy.
Prgress in the area plays a crucial rle in enhancing the wrld’s agricultural prductin capacity, revlutinizing agricultural sectrs, and prmting rural develpment, the declaratin said.
Experts attending the frum called upn gvernments — especially thse in develping cuntries and pssibly facing urgent fd supply issues — and agricultural enterprises wrldwide t step up funding fr agricultural research and technlgy spreading, such as by training mre talent.
They prmised t wrk mre clsely in agricultural science and technlgy, with the aim f helping refrm agri-fd systems and addressing glbal challenges ranging frm fd insecurity t pverty t climate disasters, and help achieve the gals f the China — prpsed Glbal Develpment Initiative.
“Effrts shuld be made t turn glbal agri-fd systems tward being mre efficient, inclusive, resilient and sustainable, thrugh enhancing green agricultural technlgical innvatin, climate change adaptatin, carbn emissin reductin in agriculture, and reducing fd lsses and waste acrss the entire prductin chain,” the declaratin said, adding such expertise is the underlying pillar(臺柱) fr achieving “energy-efficient, emissin-reducing, green and lw-carbn sustainable agricultural develpment”.
Participants applaud the Chinese Academy f Agricultural Sciences, the frum’s rganizer, fr launching the Internatinal Mega Science Prject frm Gentype t Phentype Initiative, which helps with the sharing f crp genetic resurces and ffers public prducts and platfrms fr mlecular breeding (分子育種).
12．Where shuld the wrld invest mre accrding t the article?
A．Techniques cncerning farming.B．Measures t cmbat climate change.
C．Researches f field investigatin.D．Slutin t the pverty issues.
13．What d experts appeal t the gvernments t d?
A．They appeal t the rich cuntries t help develping cuntries.
B．They appeal t all cmpanies t invest mre in innvatin.
C．They call n gvernments t prvide jbs fr mre talented peple.
D．They call n gvernments t invest mre in agricultural research.
14．Which f the fllwing disagrees with the declaratin?
A．Glbal agri-fd system shuld be mre efficient and sustainable.
B．Green agricultural technlgical innvatin shuld be enhanced.
C．Agri-fd systems shuld be able t adapt t climate change.
D．Fd lsses and waste exist mainly in the part f fd prductin.
15．What is participants’ attitude twards rganizing the frum?
A．Cntradictry.B．Favrable.C．Indifferent.D．Critical.
【答案】12．A 13．D 14．D 15．B
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了專家呼吁政府加強(qiáng)對農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的投資及相關(guān)科學(xué)論壇的舉辦。
12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“The wrld needs t invest mre in agricultural knw — hw t enhance fd prductin, reduce rural pverty and fight climate change, accrding t a cnsensus reached by a glbal grup f farming technlgy leaders n Thursday.”（全球農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)領(lǐng)袖周四達(dá)成共識，世界需要加大對農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的投資，以提高糧食產(chǎn)量、減少農(nóng)村貧困和應(yīng)對氣候變化。）可知，世界需要加強(qiáng)對農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)的投資。故選A項。
13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段“Experts attending the frum called upn gvernments — especially thse in develping cuntries and pssibly facing urgent fd supply issues — and agricultural enterprises wrldwide t step up funding fr agricultural research and technlgy spreading, such as by training mre talent.”（參加論壇的專家呼吁各國政府——特別是那些可能面臨緊急糧食供應(yīng)問題的發(fā)展中國家的政府——以及世界各地的農(nóng)業(yè)企業(yè)加大對農(nóng)業(yè)研究和技術(shù)傳播的資助，例如通過培訓(xùn)更多的人才。）可知，專家呼吁政府要加大對農(nóng)業(yè)研究的投資。故選D項。
14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句“Effrts shuld be made t turn glbal agri-fd systems tward being mre efficient, inclusive, resilient and sustainable, thrugh enhancing green agricultural technlgical innvatin, climate change adaptatin, carbn emissin reductin in agriculture, and reducing fd lsses and waste acrss the entire prductin chain”（應(yīng)該通過加強(qiáng)綠色農(nóng)業(yè)技術(shù)創(chuàng)新、適應(yīng)氣候變化、減少農(nóng)業(yè)碳排放、減少整個生產(chǎn)鏈中的糧食損失和浪費，努力使全球農(nóng)業(yè)糧食系統(tǒng)朝著更高效、更包容、更有彈性和更可持續(xù)的方向發(fā)展。）可知，糧食損失和浪費存在于整個生產(chǎn)鏈中，故D項“糧食損失和浪費主要存在于糧食生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)?！闭f法與宣言內(nèi)容不符。故選D項。
15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Participants applaud the Chinese Academy f Agricultural Sciences, the frum’s rganizer, fr launching the Internatinal Mega Science Prject frm Gentype t Phentype Initiative, which helps with the sharing f crp genetic resurces and ffers public prducts and platfrms fr mlecular breeding ”（與會者對論壇組織者中國農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院啟動“從基因型到顯型”國際大型科學(xué)項目表示贊賞，該項目有助于作物遺傳資源的共享，并為分子育種提供公共產(chǎn)品和平臺。）可知，與會者對論壇持支持贊成的態(tài)度。故選B項。
3.【2024屆河南省開封市高三二測試題】
A fallacy is an errr in reasning based n pinin, misunderstanding, r intentinal misdirectin that makes an argument invalid. Cmmn causatin (因果關(guān)系) fallacies include thse f versimplificatin and exaggeratin, which ccur when actual ‘causes f an event are reduced t the pint where cnnectins between causes and effects are blurred r buried.
Oversimplificatin is cmmn, which means reducing multiple causes t just ne r a few. Well-intentined writers and speakers can fall int the trap f versimplificatin if nt careful.
One mtivatin fr simplificatin is the basic advice given t writers: Dn’t get stuck in details. In the prcess, hwever, a writer can leave ut t many details, even critical infrmatin. Anther cntributing factr t versimplificatin is the veruse f an imprtant tl in critical thinking called Oceam’s Razr, a principle that states that the simplest explanatin that fits the data is the preferable ne. The prblem is that the simplest explanatin might nt always be the right-ne.
A writer creating an argument can assume that based n Occam’s Razr, the simplest explanatin is likely true, but they must nt assume that is always the case. They must lk at all angles and cmplexities f an issue befre settling n the simplest explanatin.
Here is an example f versimplificatin:
Schl vilence has gne up and academic perfrmance has gne dwn since vide games featuring vilence were intrduced. Therefre, vide games with vilence shuld be banned, resulting in schl imprvement.
This argument exhibits versimplificatin because it assumes prblems in schls (increasing vilence, decreasing academic perfrmance can be attributed t a single cause: the time yung peple spend playing vide games that feature vilence). Varius ther factrs, including scial and ecnmic cnditins that may cntribute t a child’s mental health, are ignred.
Related t the fallacy f versimplificatin is the fallacy f exaggeratin-multiplying a cuple f causes int many.
12．What des paragraph 3 mainly fcus n?
A．The causes f versimplificatin.
B．The impact f versimplificatin.
C．The definitin f versimplificatin.
D．The characteristics f versimplificatin.
13．Hw d writers cmmit versimplificatin when creating an argument based n Occam’s-Razr?
A．They cnsider an issue t be cmplicated.
B．They lk at an issue frm different angles.
C．They believe the simplest explanatin is likely true.
D．They have abslute trust in the simplest explanatin.
14．Which f the fllwing statements is an example f versimplificatin?
A．The natin’s lack f mral standards is caused by multiple factrs.
B．The latest currency plicy takes full blame fr the declining ecnmy.
C．She was saved because f the seal belt as well as dctrs’ timely saving.
D．The prblem f educatin nt just lies in teachers’ failure f ding their jbs.
15．What might the authr discuss in the paragraphs that fllw?
A．Ways t avid versimplificatin.
B．Mre examples f versimplificatin.
C．Causes and examples f exaggeratin.
D．The distinctin between exaggeratin and versimplificatin.
【答案】12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C
【導(dǎo)語】
本文為一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了常見的因果關(guān)系謬論主要包括過于簡單化和夸大的謬論，文章重點介紹了造成過于簡單化謬論的原因以及具體的例子。
12．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第三段“One mtivatin fr simplificatin is the basic advice given t writers(過于簡化的一個動機(jī)就是給作家的基本建議)”和“Anther cntributing factr t versimplificatin is the veruse f an imprtant tl in critical thinking called Oceam’s Razr(另一個導(dǎo)致過于簡單話的因素就是過度使用了一種名為Oceam’s Razr的批判性思維)”可知，本段主要介紹了造成過于簡單化的原因，故選A。
13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Anther cntributing factr t versimplificatin is the veruse f an imprtant tl in critical thinking called Oceam’s Razr, a principle that states that the simplest explanatin that fits the data is the preferable ne. (另一個導(dǎo)致過度簡單化的因素是過去使用一種名為Oceam’s Razr的批判性思維，該原則指出，符合數(shù)據(jù)的最簡單的解釋就是最好的解釋。)”可知，基于Oceam’s Razr，作家會認(rèn)為符合數(shù)據(jù)的最簡單的解釋就是最好的解釋，而最簡單的解釋不一定就是準(zhǔn)確的，因此過度簡單化的作家會一味地相信最簡單的解釋，故選D。
14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段對文中提到的過于簡單化的例子的評判“This argument exhibits versimplificatin because it assumes prblems in schls (increasing vilence, decreasing academic perfrmance can be attributed t a single cause: the time yung peple spend playing vide games that feature vilence). Varius ther factrs, including scial and ecnmic cnditins that may cntribute t a child’s mental health, are ignred.(這一論點過于簡單化，因為它假設(shè)學(xué)校存在問題（暴力事件的增加、學(xué)習(xí)成績的下降可能歸因于一個簡單的原因：年輕人玩以暴力為特征的電子游戲的時間。）但其他因素，包括可能有助于兒童心理健康的社會和經(jīng)濟(jì)條件，都被忽視了。)”可知，簡單化不懂得從各個角度來考慮問題，而是一味地將原因歸咎在一件事情上，故B項“最近的貨幣政策是導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)下滑的全部原因”就是一個典型的過于簡單化的例子，故選B。
15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Related t the fallacy f versimplificatin is the fallacy f exaggeratin-multiplying a cuple f causes int many.(與過于簡單化的謬論相關(guān)的就是將幾個原因夸大為多個原因的謬論。)”可知，文章末尾提到了與過于簡單化的謬論相關(guān)的夸大謬論，且前文提到了過于簡單化的原因并給出了相關(guān)的例子，故接下來也將講述夸大謬論的原因以及具體例子，故選C。
4.【2024屆安徽省安慶市高三下學(xué)期二模試題】
Nbdy knws yet what the best way f remving all that carbn will be, but scientists arund the wrld are develping a new methd. The Swiss cmpany Climewrks is building big extractr (抽油煙機(jī)) fans t remve carbn.
But ther scientists are lking t nature’s carbn cycle fr inspiratin. They’re lking fr ways t imprve it, speed it up and help it take mre carbn ut f the air permanently.
One f thse scientists is Prfessr Luke Mackinder, a plant bilgist at the University f Yrk. His research int carbn remval is inspired by cean algac (海藻). “Abut half f carbn absrptin takes place in the cean,” he says. “Algae are extremely efficient at absrbin g it.”
In rder t d this, his team has studied the genetic cde (基因密碼) f algae t wrk ut which genes play a vital rle in carbn absrptin. He believes they have nw figured this ut. “Nw we have a list and we can start thinking abut hw t bring them tgether in different living things,” he says. “We place the genes int thse f ther plants. It’s genetic mdificatin.”
Mackinder anticipates adding them t a range f crps and trees. The resulting increased prductin culd be gd fr fd security. Alternatively, they culd help t enhance the influence f climate change. It all depends n what we d with the carbn nce it’s trapped in thse plants. Eating them wuld quickly return it t the atmsphere. But if instead we find ways t stre it, we culd keep it ut f the atmsphere fr gd.
Dave Hillyard, chief administratr f the Carbn Technlgy Research Fundatin that is funding Mackinder’s research, says that it is imprtant t fund wrk n a wide range f carbn remval methds, because “sme will nt get the results they’re lking fr and sme will succeed. There are a lt f pprtunities here but very little funding and research ging int it.”
12．What is discussed in the first paragraph?
A．An apprach t carbn remval.B．A way t imprve big extractr fans.
C．A means f jining a cmpany.D．A methd f ding scientific research.
13．Why des Prfessr Luke Mackinder fcus n cean algae?
A．It is secure.B．It is effective.C．It is sufficient.D．It is accessible.
14．What can we knw abut the genes f algae frm the furth paragraph?
A．They bring abut great side effects.B．They are useless fr carbn absrptin.
C．They help increase fd prductin.D．They have been put int ther plants.
15．What is required accrding t Dave Hillyard?
A．The gvernment’s permissin.B．Mre scientists’participatin.
C．Increasing experimental chances.D．The input int the research.
【答案】12．A 13．B 14．D 15．D
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了關(guān)于利用藻類去除碳的研究。
12．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Nbdy knws yet what the best way f remving all that carbn will be, but scientists arund the wrld are develping a new methd. The Swiss cmpany Climewrks is building big extractr (抽油煙機(jī)) fans t remve carbn.(沒有人知道去除所有碳的最佳方法是什么，但世界各地的科學(xué)家正在開發(fā)一種新方法。瑞士公司Climewrks正在建造大型抽風(fēng)機(jī)來去除碳)”可知，第一段討論了一種去除碳的方法。故選A項。
13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Algae are extremely efficient at absrbin g it.(藻類對它的吸收效率極高)”可知，盧克·麥金德教授關(guān)注海洋藻類是因為它是有效的。故選B項。
14．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“We place the genes int thse f ther plants. It’s genetic mdificatin.(我們把這些基因植入其他植物的基因中。這是基因改造。)”可知，藻類的基因被植入到其他植物中。故選D項。
15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“There are a lt f pprtunities here but very little funding and research ging int it.(這里有很多機(jī)會，但投入的資金和研究卻很少。)”可知，根據(jù)Dave Hillyard的說法，對研究的投入是需要的。故選D項。
5.【2024屆黑龍江省部分學(xué)校高三二模試題】
The study by University f Arizna researchers, published in the Creativity Research Jurnal, finds that creative peple are mre likely t fruitfully use idle (空閑的) time by letting ne idea lead t anther.
“In psychlgy and neurscience, mst studies n human thughts either prmpt (提示) participants t think in a certain way r ask them t reprt n thughts they experienced, but less is knwn abut hw thughts naturally arise and unfld ver time in unprmpted cntexts,” said Jessica Andrews-Hanna, an assciate prfessr in the Department f Psychlgy and senir authr f the paper. “This is where ur study cmes in.”
The researchers divided the study int tw parts. Fr the first experiment, the researchers asked each participant t sit alne in a rm fr 10 minutes withut any access t digital devices. In the absence f any particular prmpt, the participants were asked t vice their thughts alud in real time. The recrded files frm 81 participants were then transcribed (轉(zhuǎn)錄) and analyzed.
The first experiment fund that creative peple were mre engaged in their thughts when they were left alne withut distractins, such as cell phnes and the Internet. “Creative peple rated themselves as being less bred, even ver thse 10 minutes. They als spke mre wrds verall, which indicated that their thughts were mre likely t mve freely,” said Andrews-Hanna.
Fr the secnd experiment, ver 2,600 adults answered questins thrugh a smartphne app called Mind Windw, develped by Andrews-Hanna and her graduate student Eric Andrews. Participants wh self-identified as being creative reprted being less bred during the idle time.
The researchers are cntinuing this line f wrk using their Mind Windw app. They encurage peple t dwnlad and use the app t help scientists understand hw peple acrss the wrld think in their everyday lives. “Understanding why different peple think the way they d may lead t prmising interventins t imprve health and well-being,” said Andrews-Hanna.
8．What d Andrews-Hanna’s wrds in paragraph 2 fcus n?
A．The necessity f the study.B．The value f frmer studies.
C．The participants f the study.D．The prcess f frmer studies.
9．What did the participants d in the first experiment f the study?
A．They spke ut what they thught.B．They recrded their wn vices.
C．They remembered sme prmpts.D．They finished a number f reprts.
10．What did the study find abut creative peple?
A．They made better use f digital devices.
B．They enjyed idle time mre than thers.
C．They were mre likely t understand thers.
D．They were mre willing t share their thughts.
11．Which wrd best describes Mind Windw app accrding t the researchers?
A．Educatinal.B．Fashinable.C．Expensive.D．Beneficial.
【答案】8．A 9．A 10．D 11．D
【導(dǎo)語】本文為一篇說明文，主要介紹了新的科學(xué)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)有創(chuàng)造力的人更有可能有效地利用空閑時間，而不會感覺無聊。
8．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段““In psychlgy and neurscience, mst studies n human thughts either prmpt (提示) participants t think in a certain way r ask them t reprt n thughts they experienced, but less is knwn abut hw thughts naturally arise and unfld ver time in unprmpted cntexts,” said Jessica Andrews-Hanna, an assciate prfessr in the Department f Psychlgy and senir authr f the paper. “This is where ur study cmes in.”(“在心理學(xué)和神經(jīng)科學(xué)中，大多數(shù)關(guān)于人類思想的研究要么促使參與者以某種方式思考，要么要求他們報告他們所經(jīng)歷的想法，但關(guān)于想法是如何在無提示的情況下自然產(chǎn)生和展開的，我們知之甚少，”心理學(xué)系副教授、該論文的資深作者杰西卡·安德魯斯-漢納說?！斑@就是我們研究的意義所在?！?”可知，文章第二段可知，Andrews-Hanna的話重點說明了這項研究的必要性。故選A項。
9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“Fr the first experiment, the researchers asked each participant t sit alne in a rm fr 10 minutes withut any access t digital devices. In the absence f any particular prmpt, the participants were asked t vice their thughts alud in real time.(在第一個實驗中，研究人員要求每個參與者單獨坐在一個房間里10分鐘，不接觸任何數(shù)字設(shè)備。在沒有任何特別提示的情況下，參與者被要求實時大聲說出他們的想法)”可知，試驗中第一組參與者被要求說出他們的想法。故選A項。
10．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段“The first experiment fund that creative peple were mre engaged in their thughts when they were left alne withut distractins, such as cell phnes and the Internet. “Creative peple rated themselves as being less bred, even ver thse 10 minutes. They als spke mre wrds verall, which indicated that their thughts were mre likely t mve freely,” said Andrews-Hanna.(第一個實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)，有創(chuàng)造力的人在沒有手機(jī)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等干擾的情況下更專注于思考?！坝袆?chuàng)造力的人認(rèn)為自己不那么無聊，即使是在那10分鐘里?？偟膩碚f，他們說的話也更多，這表明他們的思想更容易自由流動?！?”可知，有創(chuàng)造力的人在沒有手機(jī)和互聯(lián)網(wǎng)等干擾的情況下更專注于思考，說的話也更多，這說明更愿意分享自己的想法。故選D項。
11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“The researchers are cntinuing this line f wrk using their Mind Windw app. They encurage peple t dwnlad and use the app t help scientists understand hw peple acrss the wrld think in their everyday lives. “Understanding why different peple think the way they d may lead t prmising interventins t imprve health and well-being,” said Andrews-Hanna.(研究人員正在使用他們的Mind Windw應(yīng)用程序繼續(xù)這項工作。他們鼓勵人們下載并使用這款應(yīng)用程序，以幫助科學(xué)家了解世界各地的人們在日常生活中是如何思考的。安德魯斯-漢納說：了解為什么不同的人會有不同的想法，可能會導(dǎo)致有希望的干預(yù)措施，以改善健康和福祉。”)”可推知，Mind Windw軟件有助于研究者的研究，可得出Mind Windw軟件對于研究者來說是有好處的。故選D項。
6.【2024屆甘肅省白銀市名校高三二模試題】
Electrically pwered vertical-take-ff-and-landing (eVTOL) aircraft—flying cars are an idea whse time has nt quite yet cme, but is fast appraching. Many firms are ffering varius designs. Nne f these, hwever, will be Jetsn-like family flying cars. Pivtal, based in Silicn Valley, by cntrast has crafted smething that peple can purchase and pilt themselves. Helix is a single-seat vehicle, s “flying mtrbike” might be mre accurate. Frm next year, many peple will be able t rder ne fr persnal use, thugh they will nt be able t take delivery until June.
Marcus Leng funded Pivtal in 2011, and sme back-f-the-envelpe calculatins he made suggested that electric lift-ff f a human-carrying craft, using mtrs pwered by the lithium-in batteries ught t wrk. He thus built a mdel and flew it in the garden f his huse in Warkwrth, Ontari.
Nw, after amelirating it, the firm thinks it has smething marketable. The aircraft has, nevertheless, changed little in its fundamentals ver the years. It has tw pairs f wings and eight prpellers (螺旋槳), making it slightly resemble a squashed “H” when seen in the sky frm belw. And there is n undercarriage. Instead, its belly is curved in a way similar t a humpback whale’s, s it rcks t stability after landing.
Pilt’s licence r nt, buyers will still need sme training t fly a Helix. Pivtal insists n this. Fr the same reasn, the craft’s sftware will stp the pilt ding anything that des nt fit its safety rules. And if, despite this, smething des g wrng, it is fitted with a parachute（降落傘）.
The Helix’s tp speed is a respectable 100 kph, but its range is nly 30 km. And refueling it is a bit f a pain. Filling up frm the mains takes fur and a half hurs, thugh a special high-pwer system similar t thse emplyed fr electric cars can bring that dwn t 75 minutes. While Helix still desn’t cmpare t the flying car frm the Jetsns, it culd be a step frward.
12．What can we learn frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Helix has been used in Warkwrth widely.
B．Flying cars wn’t be allwed fr persnal use.
C．Leng was the first persn t design flying cars.
D．Helix is nly suitable fr ne persn t drive.
13．What des the underlined wrd “amelirating” in paragraph 3’mean?
A．Testing.B．Driving.C．Imprving.D．Repairing.
14．What is paragraph 4 mainly abut?
A．Helix’s relative devices.B．Helix’s training prcess.
C．Helix’s safety measures.D．Helix’s wrking principle.
15．What is the authr’s attitude twards Helix?
A．Dubtful.B．Objective.C．Indifferent.D．Cautius.
【答案】12．D 13．C 14．C 15．B
【導(dǎo)語】
本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一家名為Pivtal的硅谷公司開發(fā)的電動垂直起降飛行器Helix，對其設(shè)計、特點、市場前景等方面進(jìn)行了介紹。
12．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Helix is a single-seat vehicle, s “flying mtrbike” might be mre accurate. (Helix是一輛單座汽車，所以“會飛的摩托車”可能更準(zhǔn)確。)”可知，Helix只適合一人駕駛。故選D。
13．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線單詞下文“the firm thinks it has smething marketable.(公司認(rèn)為它有了市場)”可推測，在改進(jìn)之后，公司認(rèn)為它有了市場。劃線單詞amelirating指的是“提高、改進(jìn)”之意。選項A“Testing (測試)”；選項B“Driving (駕駛)”；選項C“Imprving (改善)”；選項D“Repairing (修理)”。故選C。
14．主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Pilt’s license r nt, buyers will still need sme training t fly a Helix. Pivtal insists n this. Fr the same reasn, the craft’s sftware will stp the pilt ding anything that des nt fit its safety rules. And if, despite this, smething des g wrng, it is fitted with a parachute（降落傘）.(無論是否有飛行員執(zhí)照，買家仍然需要一些訓(xùn)練來駕駛螺旋。Pivtal堅持這一點。出于同樣的原因，飛行器的軟件會阻止飛行員做任何不符合安全規(guī)則的事情。盡管如此，如果出了什么問題，它還配備了降落傘。)”可知，文章第四段主要講述的是Helix的安全措施。故選C。
15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“The Helix’s tp speed is a respectable 100 kph, but its range is nly 30 km. And refueling it is a bit f a pain. Filling up frm the mains takes fur and a half hurs, thugh a special high-pwer system similar t thse emplyed fr electric cars can bring that dwn t 75 minutes. While Helix still desn’t cmpare t the flying car frm the Jetsns, it culd be a step frward.( Helix的最高時速可達(dá)100公里，但續(xù)航里程只有30公里。加油是一件很痛苦的事。從主電源加滿電需要四個半小時，不過一種類似于電動汽車的特殊大功率系統(tǒng)可以把這個時間縮短到75分鐘。雖然Helix仍然無法與《杰森一家》中的飛行汽車相比，但它可能是向前邁出的一步。)”以及全文內(nèi)容可知，作者在文章中客觀地介紹了Helix的設(shè)計、特點、市場前景等方面，沒有表達(dá)出明顯的懷疑、冷漠或謹(jǐn)慎的態(tài)度。相反，作者通過提供技術(shù)細(xì)節(jié)和背景信息，幫助讀者更好地理解和評估這款新型飛行器。因此，可以認(rèn)為作者對于Helix的態(tài)度是客觀的。故選B。
7.【2024屆貴州省黔東南州高三下學(xué)期二模試題】
A team f physicists at the University f Edinburgh, wrking with an infectin and immunity specialist, has, via experimentatin, validated a thery t explain why paint dries at the same rate regardless f humidity (濕度) levels.
Generally, paint shuld dry faster n an utdr fence n a dry day than when it is humid because evapratin (蒸發(fā)) ccurs faster when the air arund a liquid surce is drier. But evidence suggests this is nt the case fr paint and sme ther liquids. Chemist Salmn and his clleagues develped a thery t explain why. They suggested it is because large mlecules in the liquid are pulled t the surface during evapratin, frming a “plarizatin layer” that prevents evapratin, and by extensin, drying. In this new effrt, the research team wrked t test this thery.
The researchers drilled five hles int a shrt cylinder (圓柱體) and inserted glass tubes in a hrizntal psitin — each was then sealed in place. They then added a quantity f PVA, a kind f chemical substance, int the cylinder, which they placed n a scale. They pured a thin layer f il n tp f the liquid t prevent surface evapratin. The final tuch invlved placing an air flw bx ver the tp f the cylinder t allw fr cntrlling humidity levels. The team then ran multiple 17-hur trials t determine evapratin rates, using the scale t measure hw much liquid evaprated frm the tubes at different humidity levels, ranging frm 25% t 90%.
The researchers fund that as expected, evapratin rates remained cnstant fr apprximately three hurs. But then, rates plummeted, as was therized by Salmn, regardless f humidity levels. The evapratin rate didn’t decrease as humidity increased during the initial three hurs. Hwever, the thery nly appeared t hld fr humidity levels up t 80% — at rates higher than that, evapratin did slw dwn, which the team suggested was likely due t sme ther frces.
The researchers suggested their wrk culd have medical applicatins as recent research effrts have shwn that respiratry drplets (呼吸道飛沫) tend t frm skins similar t thse seen in the experimental equipment.
12．What is Salmn’s thery aimed at prving?
A．The link between evapratin and drying time.
B．The cnnectin between humidity and dryness.
C．The structure f the “plarizatin layer” n paint.
D．The impact f humidity n the drying rate f paint.
13．What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?
A．The test result. B．The pst-test evaluatin.
C．The research predictin. D．The experimental prcess.
14．What des the underlined wrd “plummeted” in paragraph 4 mean?
A．Fell. B．Kept. C．Disappeared. D．Accelerated.
15．Hw d the researchers find the study?
A．It is tentative. B．It is effrtless.
C．It is prmising. D．It is cntrversial.
【答案】12．D 13．D 14．A 15．C
【導(dǎo)語】
這是一篇說明文。介紹了愛丁堡大學(xué)的一組物理學(xué)家通過實驗驗證了一個理論，該理論解釋了為什么無論濕度水平如何，油漆都會以相同的速度干燥。
12．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“A team f physicists at the University f Edinburgh, wrking with an infectin and immunity specialist, has, via experimentatin, validated a thery t explain why paint dries at the same rate regardless f humidity(濕度)levels(愛丁堡大學(xué)的一個物理學(xué)家團(tuán)隊與一位感染和免疫專家合作，通過實驗驗證了一種理論，解釋了為什么無論濕度水平如何，油漆都會以相同的速度干燥)”可知，薩蒙的理論試圖證明濕度對油漆干燥速率的影響，故選D項。
13．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“The researchers drilled five hles int a shrt cylinder(圓柱體)and inserted glass tubes in a hrizntal psitin—each was then sealed in place (研究人員在一個短圓柱體上鉆了五個孔，并在水平位置插入玻璃管，然后將每個玻璃管密封到位)”、“They then added a quantity f PVA, a kind f chemical substance, int the cylinder, which they placed n a scale.(然后，他們在圓柱體中加入一定量的PVA，一種化學(xué)物質(zhì)，并將其放在天平上)”以及“The final tuch invlved placing an air flw bx ver the tp f the cylinder t allw fr cntrlling humidity levels(最后一點是在氣缸頂部放置一個氣流箱，以控制濕度水平)”可推理出，本段按照實驗步驟講述了實驗的過程，故選D項。
14．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第二段“They suggested it is because large mlecules in the liquid are pulled t the surface during evapratin, frming a “plarizatin layer” that prevents evapratin, and by extensin, drying. In this new effrt, the research team wrked t test this thery(他們認(rèn)為，這是因為在蒸發(fā)過程中，液體中的大分子被拉到表面，形成了一個“偏振層”，阻止蒸發(fā)，進(jìn)而阻止干燥。在這項新的研究中，研究小組努力驗證這一理論)”以及第四段“as was therized by Salmn, regardless f humidity levels(正如薩蒙所推測的那樣，無論濕度水平如何)”可推理第四段出劃線詞的含義為“下降”，故選A項。
15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“The researchers suggested their wrk culd have medical applicatins as recent research effrts have shwn that respiratry drplets(呼吸道飛沫)tend t frm skins similar t thse seen in the experimental equipment.( 研究人員認(rèn)為他們的研究可能有醫(yī)學(xué)應(yīng)用，因為最近的研究表明，呼吸道飛沫往往會形成與實驗設(shè)備中觀察到的類似的表皮)”可推理出，研究人員認(rèn)為這項研究室有前途的，故選C項。
8.【2024屆甘肅省天水市麥積區(qū)高三二檢試題】
Remember Malclm Gladwell’s famus “10,000-hur rule” frm his bestselling bk Outliers? It prpses that achieving mastery in any field requires rughly 10,000 hurs f practice, emphasizing the imprtance f early prfessinalizatin and intensive practice fr becming an elite in a particular field.
This apprach, knwn as “deliberate practice”, encurages setting gals frm a yung age, investing time and specializing in a specific field. On paper, it sunds like a gd path t success, but when we lk at the lives f elite athletes, musicians and schlars, we find a different stry. In reality, many individuals wh have risen t the tp f their respective fields tk a mre diverse and winding rute. They ften explred a wide range f activities, gained a brad skill set, and nly specialized at a later stage in life. In ther wrds, the idea that ne must knw ne’s specializatin frm a yung age is fundamentally wrng.
Studies have shwn that an apprach called the “sampling perid” is ften mre effective fr achieving success. During this phase, individuals try varius activities, gain diverse skills, identify their strengths and weaknesses, and nly chse a field t specialize in nce they have a clearer understanding f their passins and abilities.
Elite athletes, fr example, rarely specialize in a single sprt at a very yung age. Instead, they engage in a variety f sprts during their frmative years, which allws them t acquire brad physical skills and discver their interests and talents. These early diversificatin experiences prvide valuable lessns that can be applied t their chsen sprts.
Cnsider the jurney f Rger Federer, ne f the greatest tennis players f all time. At the age f 6, he dabbled in rugby, skiing and wrestling, nly returning t tennis later. The trial perid benefited him nt just because he fund his true passin but als because his experiences in varius sprts enriched his tennis game with a unique set f skills.
8．What des the authr think f “10,000-hur rule”?
A．It’s effective.B．It’s cstly.C．It’s unpractical.D．It’s unprven.
9．“Deliberate practice” stresses the imprtance f the fllwing aspects except ______.
A．early gal-setting B．diverse skills
C．fcused practice D．field specializatin
10．Why is Rger Federer mentined in the last paragraph?
A．T shw the difficulty t be an elite athlete.
B．T prve the advantage f the “sampling perid”.
C．T give an example f applying “deliberate practice”.
D．T tell us ne f the greatest tennis players f all time.
11．Which statement wuld the authr prbably agree with?
A．Kids shuld try many kinds f activities.B．Passin can be fund at a yung age.
C．Many failures can lead t successes.D．Learn t be an athlete since yung.
【答案】8．C 9．B 10．B 11．A
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要解釋了什么是“一萬小時”定律以及其不實際性。同時研究表明，一種被稱為“抽樣周期”的方法通常更有效地取得成功。
8．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“On paper, it sunds like a gd path t success, but when we lk at the lives f elite athletes, musicians and schlars, we find a different stry. In reality, many individuals wh have risen t the tp f their respective fields tk a mre diverse and winding rute. They ften explred a wide range f activities, gained a brad skill set, and nly specialized at a later stage in life. In ther wrds, the idea that ne must knw ne’s specializatin frm a yung age is fundamentally wrng.(從表面上看，這聽起來像是一條通往成功的好途徑，但當(dāng)我們觀察精英運動員、音樂家和學(xué)者的生活時，我們會發(fā)現(xiàn)一個不同的故事。實際上，許多在各自領(lǐng)域登上頂峰的人走的是一條更加多樣化和曲折的道路。他們經(jīng)常探索各種各樣的活動，獲得廣泛的技能，只有在生命的后期才會專業(yè)化。換句話說，一個人必須從小就了解自己的專業(yè)的想法從根本上是錯誤的)”可知，作者認(rèn)為“一萬小時規(guī)則”是不實際的。故選C。
9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“It prpses that achieving mastery in any field requires rughly 10,000 hurs f practice, emphasizing the imprtance f early prfessinalizatin and intensive practice fr becming an elite in a particular field.(它提出，要在任何領(lǐng)域達(dá)到精通，都需要大約1萬個小時的練習(xí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)早期專業(yè)化和密集練習(xí)對于成為某一領(lǐng)域的精英的重要性)”以及第二段“This apprach, knwn as “deliberate practice”, encurages setting gals frm a yung age, investing time and specializing in a specific field.(這種方法被稱為“刻意練習(xí)”，鼓勵人們從小就設(shè)定目標(biāo)，投入時間，專攻某一特定領(lǐng)域)”可知，“刻意練習(xí)”沒有強(qiáng)調(diào)多種技能的重要性。故選B。
10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Cnsider the jurney f Rger Federer, ne f the greatest tennis players f all time. At the age f 6, he dabbled in rugby, skiing and wrestling, nly returning t tennis later. The trial perid benefited him nt just because he fund his true passin but als because his experiences in varius sprts enriched his tennis game with a unique set f skills.(想想有史以來最偉大的網(wǎng)球運動員之一羅杰·費德勒的經(jīng)歷吧。6歲時，他開始涉足橄欖球、滑雪和摔跤，后來才重新回到網(wǎng)球上。這段試用期讓他受益，不僅因為他找到了自己真正的激情，還因為他在各種運動中的經(jīng)歷豐富了他的網(wǎng)球比賽，使他擁有了一套獨特的技能)”可推知，最后一段提到了羅杰·費德勒是為了證明“抽樣周期”的優(yōu)勢。故選B。
11．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Instead, they engage in a variety f sprts during their frmative years, which allws them t acquire brad physical skills and discver their interests and talents.(相反，他們在成長過程中參加各種各樣的運動，這使他們獲得廣泛的身體技能，發(fā)現(xiàn)他們的興趣和才能)”可知，作者認(rèn)為孩子們應(yīng)該嘗試各種各樣的活動。故選A。
9.【2024屆新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)塔城地區(qū)二模試題】
Billins f insects are mving tgether ver the sky like a black clud. It’s a swarm f lcusts. Many insects mve in huge swarms. They frm swarms fr different reasns. Sme mve tgether t lk fr fd r t find new hmes. Smetimes insects swarm fr prtectin. These enrmus swarms can destry fd crps and harm ther living things.
When smething disturbs a red fire ants’ nest, ut they will cme. Nt just ne r tw, but thusands f them. The fire ants swarm all ver their victim. Their stings burn like fire. Each ant in the swarm can sting ver and ver again. The fire ants hld nt their victim with their muth parts. Then they inject their prey with pisn. Mst small animals cannt survive the stings frm a swarm f fire ants.
When army ants are n the mve, anything in their path is prey. Even snakes can’ t escape a swarm f these stinging ants. Army ants mve tgether t lk fr fd. They can’t see their prey, but they use smells and sunds t find their way. If they cme t a river, they make a bridge with their bdies. They cling tgether with their legs. Then the rest f the ants can crss the bridge. There is nt much that can stp these fierce and cruel ants frm chasing their prey.
Insects are nt the nly animals that swarm. There are many thers that d. Mst are nt harmful t peple. Being clse t a huge swarm f animals can be scary and dangerus. Sme scientists have studied animal swarms. They have fund that many swarms fllw simple rules. They wrk tgether t slve prblems. When they wrk tgether they are a very strng team.
4．What des the underlined wrd “swarm” in Paragraph 1 mean?
A．T frce a liquid int smething.B．T hld nt smething tightly.
C．T mve tgether in a large grup.D．T watch ver smething.
5．What can we learn abut fire ants frm the text?
A．Their stings cntain a kind f pisn and are deadly t mst small animals.
B．They can destry fd crps and are harmful t ther living things.
C．When they mve tgether, they are called “a swarm f lcusts”.
D．They mve in swarms t make new nests in different places.
6．Which f the fllwing can be the prper feature f army ants accrding t the text?
A．Blind and smelly.B．Angry and vilent.
C．Scary and dangerus.D．Strng and fast.
7．What is the mst suitable title fr the text?
A．Mving NestsB．Stinging Fire Ants
C．A Mving ArmyD．Swarms f Animals
【答案】4．C 5．A 6．B 7．D
【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了自然界中動物尤其是火蚊、行軍蟻成群結(jié)隊地行動的場景及原因，并指出在自然界中，動物群集行動形成了強(qiáng)大的動物軍團(tuán)，能夠更好地解決諸如覓食、防御等問題。
4．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞的上文“They frm swarms fr different reasns. Sme mve tgether t lk fr fd r t find new hmes. (它們形成群體的原因各不相同。有些一起搬家去尋找食物或?qū)ふ倚录?”可知，此處指出解釋它們形成群體原因有所不同，并列舉具體原因。由此推知，畫線詞所在句表示“有時昆蟲成群結(jié)隊地尋求保護(hù)”，畫線詞的含義為“一起移動，蜂擁而至”。A. T frce a liquid int smething迫使液體進(jìn)入某物；B. T hld nt smething tightly緊緊抓住某物；C. T mve tgether in a large grup一大群一起移動；D. T watch ver smething看管某物。故選 C。
5．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Then they inject their prey with pisn. Mst small animals cannt survive the stings frm a swarm f fire ants. (然后給獵物注射毒藥。大多數(shù)小動物都無法在一群火蟻的叮咬下存活下來)”可知，它們的刺中含有一種毒素，對大多數(shù)小動物來說都是致命的。故選 A。
6．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“There is nt much that can stp these fierce and cruel ants frm chasing their prey. (沒有什么能阻止這些兇猛而殘忍的螞蟻追逐獵物)”可知，它們兇猛而殘忍。故選B。
7．主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“Billins f insects are mving tgether ver the sky like a black clud. It’s a swarm f lcusts. Many insects mve in huge swarms. They frm swarms fr different reasns. Sme mve tgether t lk fr fd r t find new hmes. Smetimes insects swarm fr prtectin. These enrmus swarms can destry fd crps and harm ther living things. (數(shù)以十億計的昆蟲一起在天空上移動，就像一朵烏云。那是一群蝗蟲。許多昆蟲成群結(jié)隊地活動。它們形成群體的原因各不相同。有些人一起搬家去尋找食物或?qū)ふ倚录?。有時昆蟲成群結(jié)隊地尋求保護(hù))”可知，文章主要介紹了自然界中動物尤其是火蚊、行軍蟻成群結(jié)隊地行動的場景及原因，并指出在自然界中，動物群集行動形成了強(qiáng)大的動物軍團(tuán)，能夠更好地解決諸如覓食、防御等問題。選項D“Swarms f Animals (動物群集)”符合文章大意，適合作為標(biāo)題。故選D。
10.【2024屆吉林省吉林市高三二模試題】
Accrding t the U.S. Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin, ver 80 millin American adults are cnstantly sleep deprived (睡眠不足), meaning they sleep less than the recmmended minimum f seven hurs a night. If yu’re ne f thse peple wh are prud f being able t fall asleep quickly just abut anywhere, it’s t early t glat — it’s a distinct sign, especially if yu’re less than 40 years ld, that yu’re severely sleep deprived.
During ur lifetimes, abut a third f us will suffer frm at least ne diagnsable sleep disrder, ranging frm cnstant insmnia (失眠) t restless leg syndrme t much rarer and stranger cnditins.
Insmnia is by far the mst cmmn prblem, the main reasn 4 percent f U.S. adults take sleeping pills in any given mnth. Insmniacs generally take lnger t fall asleep, wake up fr lng perids during the night, r bth. They have a high risk f depressin, psychsis, and strke. Lack f sleep is als directly tied t besity: Withut enugh sleep, the stmach and ther rgans verprduce the hunger hrmne (荷爾蒙), causing us t eat mre. If sleep is such a natural phenmenn, why d s many f us have such truble with it?
The prblem is that in the mdern wrld ur ancient, inbrn wake-up call is cnstantly set ff by nn-life-threatening situatins like anxiety befre an exam, wrries abut finances, r every car alarm in the neighbrhd. Befre the industrial revlutin, which brught us alarm clcks and fixed wrk schedules, we culd ften handle insmnia simply by sleeping in. N lnger, nw.
Pwer naps dn’t slve the prblem; nr des sleeping medicine. “Sleep is nt a single issue.” says Jeffrey Ellenbgen, a sleep scientist at Jhns Hpkins University wh directs the Sund Sleep Prject, “It’s a thusand different things. It’s fascinating t regulate sleep with drugs r devices, but we dn’t yet understand sleep enugh t artificially intervene in it.”
28．What des the underlined wrd “glat” in paragraph 1 mean?
A．be wrried.B．be delighted.C．be cncerned.D．be surprised.
29．What can we learn abut insmniacs in paragraph 3?
A．They take sleeping pills n a daily basis.B．They fall asleep faster than thers.
C．They will becme underweight.D．They prbably cme dwn with mental diseases.
30．Why are s many peple suffering sleep deprivatin nwadays?
A．Because f the lng-standing pressure f survival.
B．Due t the cntinuusly existing threats t life.
C．Because f the lss f the natural wake-up call.
D．Due t the disturbance t the natural sleeping patterns.
31．What d Jefferey Ellenbgen’s wrds suggest?
A．Taking sme sleeping pills wrks perfectly.
B．Artificial interventin can’t tackle insmnia thrughly.
C．Devices help peple get enugh sleep undubtedly.
D．Sleeping during the day shuld be cnducted carefully.
【答案】28．B 29．D 30．D 31．B
【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了當(dāng)下人們所面臨的睡眠問題。
28．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文“it’s a distinct sign, especially if yu’re less than 40 years ld, that yu’re severely sleep deprived.(這是一個明顯的跡象，特別是如果你不到40歲，你嚴(yán)重睡眠不足)”可知，在任何地方迅速入睡，你不要因此而太早地感到高興，因為這是嚴(yán)重缺少睡眠的跡象。由此可知，劃線詞glat與be delighted“感到高興”意思接近。故選B。
29．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“They have a high risk f depressin, psychsis, and strke.(他們患抑郁癥、精神病和中風(fēng)的風(fēng)險很高)”可知，失眠癥患者可能會患上精神疾病。故選D。
30．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The prblem is that in the mdern wrld ur ancient, inbrn wake-up call is cnstantly set ff by nn-life-threatening situatins like anxiety befre an exam, wrries abut finances, r every car alarm in the neighbrhd.(問題是，在現(xiàn)代社會中，我們與生俱來的警鐘總是被一些不危及生命的情況所觸發(fā)，比如考試前的焦慮、對財務(wù)狀況的擔(dān)憂，或者鄰居家的汽車警報)”可推知，由于自然睡眠模式受到干擾，現(xiàn)在很多人都在遭受睡眠不足的折磨。故選D。
31．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的““Sleep is nt a single issue.” says Jeffrey Ellenbgen, a sleep scientist at Jhns Hpkins University wh directs the Sund Sleep Prject, “It’s a thusand different things. It’s fascinating t regulate sleep with drugs r devices, but we dn’t yet understand sleep enugh t artificially intervene in it.”(“睡眠不是一個單一的問題。”約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)的睡眠科學(xué)家Jeffrey Ellenbgen說，他指導(dǎo)了“健全睡眠項目”，“這是一千種不同的東西。用藥物或設(shè)備來調(diào)節(jié)睡眠是很有趣的，但我們對睡眠的了解還不夠，無法進(jìn)行人為干預(yù)?！?”可推知，Jeffrey Ellenbgen的話表明，人為干預(yù)并不能徹底解決失眠問題。故選B。

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