1.（2024屆·廣西玉林一模）
Tariq Qaiser, an architect, is trying t prtect mangrves (紅樹林). The trees culd save Pakistan’s largest city Karachi, sitting n the Arabian Sea, frm natural disaster. He cmes t Bundal Island several times a week t dcument the illegal cutting f mangrve trees. Very ften, “Yu can’t hear a single bird because the chain saws are s lud. The trees are cut dwn illegally fr firewd,” he says, shaking his head. Besides, develpers clear the mangrves t make rm fr cnstructin.
Karachi has a ht climate, and its cncrete buildings and paved rads make it even htter. Offshre, there are islands where mangrves grw. They culd be the key t slwing climate change. Mangrve frests pull carbn dixide ut f the air, hlding fur times as much f the planet-warming gas as ther frests can. They supprt diverse ecsystems. As sea levels rise with glbal warming, the trees culd play a big rle in prtecting castal cities like Karachi frm flding. Karachi’s mangrves are disappearing. But its numbers are rising in ther parts f Pakistan. With replanting effrts, the cuntry has tripled (三倍于) its mangrve cverage ver the past 30 years．
Qaiser’s wrk may have wrked. Recently, a curt in Karachi declared Bundal Island’s mangrves t be prtected frests. But unfrested parts f the island remain unprtected, and develpers want t build there. City fficials say this culd prvide much-needed husing and bring in billins f dllars. They claim that sme f that mney culd be used t plant mangrves in ther parts f Pakistan.
Eclgist Rafiul Haq appreciates Qaiser’s “extrardinary wrk” educating the public abut mangrves. But he wishes Qaiser wuld lk at the bigger picture. “Only 7% f Pakistan’s mangrves are in Karachi,” Haq says. He thinks it’s wrng t fcus n the lsses in 7% f the cuntry while ignring the success in 93% f it. But Qaiser believes it’s imprtant t prtect every bit.
1．What d we knw abut Karachi’s mangrves?
A．They ccupy the building land.B．They’re hme t varius birds.
C．They’re primarily being used as firewd.D．They prtect the city frm climate catastrphe.
2．Why are effrts made t cnserve the mangrve trees?
A．Their birthplaces meet crisis.B．They bast huge diversity.
C．Their bnds with nature are clse.D．They grw at a rapid speed.
3．What des the Karachi gvernment plan t d?
A．Grw mangrves in ther areas.B．Destry buildings t grw mangrves.
C．Build mre mangrve reserves.D．Use mangrves t make prfit.
4．What des Haq think f Qaiser’s wrk n Karachi’s mangrves?
A．Challenging.B．Effective.C．Insignificant.D．Partial.
2.（2024屆·廣西玉林一模）
It’s well-knwn that humr can benefit us bth physically and mentally. The idea that laughter is the best medicine has been arund since ancient times. In his 1905 bk, Jkes and Their Relatin t the Uncnscius, Sigmund Freud argued that humr is the highest f the psyche’s defense mechanism (機(jī)制), capable f turning anxiety int pleasure.
There are fur humr styles. Affiliative humr refers t jkes abut things that might be cmmnly cnsidered funny, which is usually emplyed t imprve relatinships r make thers laugh. If yu’ve ever shared a funny picture with a cwrker, yu’ve used affiliative humr. Self-enhancing humr invlves being able t laugh at yurself, ften used as a way fr yu t deal with stress r difficulties and feel better as a result. Aggressive humr is laughing at the expense f thers, which ften invlves sarcasm (諷刺), teasing, and criticism. Self-defeating humr is the art f putting yurself dwn t gain favr frm yur peers, which is pssibly used by smene wh’s targeted by bullies.
Each style f humr actually carries a different influence, when it cmes t mental health. Julie Aitken Schermer, a psychlgical researcher at The University f Western Ontari, says peple using self-enhancing humr are less likely t shw signs f lneliness and pr relatinships with thers. By cntrast, bth aggressive and self-defeating humr styles can hint at truble. “We find that self-defeating humr is the mst cncerning style as it is als linked with lneliness and feelings f nt mattering. Thse with an aggressive humr style may nt experience lneliness as much, hwever, since they rely n grup dynamics (群體動力) in rder t make fun f their peers,” says Schermer.
Even if yu tend t favr mre negative humr styles, there’s n reasn t lse heart. Schermer says peple can develp a psitive, self-enhancing humr style by cncentrating n the lighter and mre humrus aspects f life. As authr Kurt Vnnegut nce wrte, “Laughter and tears are bth respnses t wrries and anxieties. I prefer t laugh, since there is less cleaning up t d afterward.”
5．Why is Sigmund Freud’s bk mentined in Paragraph 1?
A．T shw the imprtance f mental health.B．T stress the rle f humr.
C．T persuade peple t stay psitive.D．T intrduce ancient jkes t us.
6．Accrding t the text, which kind f humr may yu use t relieve pressure?
A．Affiliative humr.B．Self-enhancing humr.
C．Aggressive humr.D．Self-defeating humr.
7．What des the underlined phrase “hint at” prbably mean in the third paragraph?
A．Signal.B．Explain.C．Prevent.D．Slve.
8．Which f the fllwing will Kurt Vnnegut prbably agree with?
A．Humr is difficult t cntrl.B．Crying is a gd way f relief.
C．Humr is a duble-edged swrd.D．Laughter is the best cure fr stress.
3.（2024屆·廣西北海一模）
Cnstructin f Prject Nexus is scheduled t be cmpleted by the end f 2023. The 5-megawatt prject will cnsist f three sites alng canals in central Califrnia with widths ranging frm 20 feet t 100 feet.
If the pilt prject prves slar canpies(檐篷) are a cst-effective way t prduce clean energy and save water, scres f similar installatins culd be built atp Califrnia’s canal netwrk-ne f the wrld’s largest water distributin systems.
“This is a really exciting prject,” Califrnia Natural Resurces Secretary Wade Crwft said last mnth. “It cnnects ur effrts in Califrnia t imprve water cnservatin and build drught resilience(抗旱能力) with the clean energy transitin we're driving acrss Califrnia.”
Prject Nexus was inspired by a 2021 study by University f Califrnia researchers that was published in the jurnal Nature Sustainability. Typically, 1%t 2% f the water that circulates thrugh Califrnia's canals evaprates(蒸發(fā)), a number that is expected t increase due t the climate crisis.
Using data frm satellites, climate mdels, and autmated weather statins, the peer-reviewed study estimated that cvering all f the apprximately 4, 000 miles f Califrnia’s canals culd extremely reduce evapratin, saving 63 billin gallns f water annually —cmparable t the amunt f water required t irrigate 50, 000 acres f farmland r meet the water needs f mre than 2 millin peple.
Gvernr Gavin Newsn has allcated additinal funds t help lcal cmmunities cpe with water scarcity and encurage Califrnians t use less water. “Research and cmmn sense tell us that in an age f intensifying drught, it's time t put a lid n evapratin,” said Jrdan Harris, CEO f Slar AquaGrid, the cmpany that is building the slar canpies.
The study fund slar canals wuld be able t generate 13 gigawatts f clean pwer, equal t apprximately ne-sixth f the state's current installed slar capacity. This additinal generatin culd help Califrnia achieve its gal f supplying at least 60% f its electricity frm renewable surces by 2030 and 100% by 2045.
9．What is the purpse f Prject Nexus?
A．T enlarge the canal netwrk thrughut Califrnia.
B．T imprve the quality f water used by lcal peple.
C．T prduce as much pwer as pssible fr Califrnia.
D．T help preserve Califrnia's declining water resurces.
10．Where did the inspiratin f Prject Nexus cme frm?
A．A study published in a magazine.B．A clean water distributin system.
C．A peer-reviewed study evaluatin.D．A sudden thught f the researchers.
11．Hw des the authr shw the benefit brught by Prject Nexus?
A．By making a cmparisn.B．By listing scientific data.
C．By clarifying the prcess.D．By explaining the reasns.
12．What is the main idea f the text?
A．Climate change has a great effect n the water cnservatin.
B．Large amunts f clean water were prduced by Prject Nexus.
C．Prject Nexus is the first-ever slar panel develpment in the wrld.
D．Califrnia's “slar canals” will save water and prduce clean energy.
4.（2024屆·甘肅白銀一模）
Denmark retired after practicing medicine fr 73 years and then vlunteered her services until she culdn’t anymre. She died at the age f 114.
I met her by phne when the pediatrician (兒科醫(yī)生) culdn’t figure ut what was wrng with my baby. On the phne, she talked with me fr mre than 30 minutes. I tk her advice, and my baby was better abut 10 days later. She never charged me.
“Yu keep n ding what yu d best as lng as yu can,” she was famus fr the wrds. And it turned ut her advice abut actively helping thers was as gd as her medical advice.
Obviusly, we can’t all live as lng as Dr. Denmark. But recent research has shwn that vlunteering prvides a lngevity bst similar t the effects f adding multiple servings f fruits and vegetables t yur daily diet. Specifically, lder adults wh vlunteer are at 24 percent less risk f early death. The psitive impact f giving and vlunteering n lder peple ges beynd that. Accrding t the research, adults ver 55 wh give their time fr thers have an easier time with everyday tasks. Besides, vlunteers experience 250 percent less cgnitive decline leading t dementia (癡呆).
Accrding t a new study in the Jurnal f Happiness Studies, peple wh vlunteer reprt higher levels f happiness and life satisfactin. The study tk it a secnd step and fllwed peple wh began vlunteering—mnitring their respnses frm the time they started vlunteering. The lnger they vlunteered and the mre they vlunteered, the greater level f happiness they reprted.
Yu may already be vlunteering yur time. But if yu’re nt, cnsider the charities yu supprt. Think abut the skills yu might be able t ffer them. Yu are likely t be glad abut what yu d.
13．What can we infer abut Denmark?
A．She retired at the age f 73.B．She vlunteered fr 73 years.
C．She was patient and prfessinal.D．She nce frget t charge the authr.
14．Hw many benefits f vlunteering are mentined in paragraph 4?
A．1.B．2.C．3.D．4.
15．What des the authr try t d in the last paragraph?
A．Seek supprt.B．Advise abut sharpening skills.
C．Offer slutins.D．Encurage peple t vlunteer.
16．What’s the text mainly abut?
A．The kindness f a dctr.B．The benefits f vlunteering.
C．The prcess f being a vlunteer.D．The struggle f child-raising.
5.（2024屆·甘肅白銀一模）
China has built in Kunming City, Yunnan Prvince, the Germplasm (種質(zhì)) Bank f Wild Species, a cmprehensive natinal database fr the cllectin and preservatin f wildlife germplasm resurces. As f the end f 2020, the bank preserved 85,046 cpies f 10,601 wild plant seeds fr prtecting wildlife germplasm resurces. Preserving dried and frzen seeds, the bank prvides technlgical supprt fr the prtectin and research, makes use f China’s wildlife germplasm resurces, and plays a majr part in internatinal bidiversity cnservatin.
The imprtance f science and technlgy fr bidiversity cnservatin is increasingly bvius. When remte sensr mnitring was nt available, agricultural technicians had n chice but t g fr field studies, which culd barely meet the need fr large-scale, fast and nndestructive (非破壞性的) mnitring f crp cnditins and timely preventin and cntrl f diseases and pests. Nwadays, remte sensr mnitring has been applied in agricultural prductin in China, allwing agricultural technicians t analyze the mvements f insect pests and evaluate plant diseases and insect pests by mnitring remtely the vegetatin grwth, cverage, surface temperature, humidity and ther indicatrs.
In the Internet era, infrmatin technlgy has made the prcessing f massive data pssible and created wider and mre cnvenient platfrms fr bidiversity cnservatin in China, including Chinese Virtual Herbarium, Plant Pht Bank f China, and Natinal Animal Cllectin Resurce Center. The emergence f databases and digital prgrams in recent years is driving China t turn arund its seriusly threatened bidiversity.
Frm the cllectin and strage f infrmatin t the management and analysis f resurces, the cnstantly imprving bidiversity infrmatin netwrk has realized the explratin and use f massive bidiversity data, prviding a slid fundatin fr China’s bidiversity cnservatin and research. Bidiversity cnservatin and science and technlgy are inextricable. Only by making science and technlgy a strng supprt fr bidiversity cnservatin can humankind guard the Earth and build a beautiful wrld f harmny amng all beings n the planet.
17．What can we learn abut the bank frm paragraph 1?
A．Its crisis.B．Its administratin.C．Its rle.D．Its staff.
18．What d researchers hardly need t d with the help f remte sensr mnitring?
A．Evaluate plant diseases and insect pests.
B．G t fields t cntrl the plant diseases.
C．Analyze the tracks f the pests f plants.
D．Satisfy the need t mnitr crp cnditins.
19．What des the underlined wrd “inextricable” in the last paragraph prbably mean?
A．Linked.B．Cmpetitive.C．Inadequate.D．Inessential.
20．Which can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Germplasm Bank f Wild Species Develps Fast
B．Technlgies Prmte Chinese Bidiversity Prtectin
C．China Has Made Great Effrts t Prcess Massive Data
D．Infrmatin Technlgy Cntributes Much t Many Fields
6.（2024屆·甘肅張掖一模）
There was a time when the slar industry was cnsidered dead mney. It was t expensive, t inefficient, and t incnsistent t be a gd alternative energy surce fr anything, let alne yur hme r ffice.
But thse days are lng gne. Tday, slar energy represents the future f ur planet’s energy needs because it’s cheap, efficient, cnsistent, and mst imprtantly, clean.
Slar energy csts have drpped by mre than 70% ver the past 10 years, and slar energy is nw cheaper than fssil fuels in mst parts f the United States. Let that sink in fr a mment.
Better yet, the drivers f these cst declines—ecnmies f scale and technlgical imprvements pwered by Mre’s Law and Wright’s Law-are lasting, and therefre, slar energy is ging t get even cheaper. Indeed, these frces are s pwerful in the slar industry that they have their wn law-Swansn’s Law-which states that the price f slar mdules (組件) decreases by abut 20%fr every dubling in glbal slar capacity.
Fr what it’s wrth, the US Department f Energy believes slar csts can and will fall by anther 60% in 2030. S, slar energy is the cheapest way t pwer things tday.
Meanwhile, slar panels have becme very efficient at turning light frm the sun int usable energy. Back in 1992, researchers at the University f Suth Flrida created a thin-film slar cell with 15.9% efficiency—and that was cnsidered a breakthrugh at the time. These days, thugh, yur average silicn (硅) slar cells sprt efficiency rates abve 20%. That’s standard. And manufacturers have created prttypes (原型機(jī)) that are getting 30% efficiency, while sme research effrts have even managed t achieve near 50% efficiency in certain lab tests.
At the same time, these slar systems have becme dramatically mre cnsistent. One f the biggest disadvantages fr slar energy in the early 2000s was its intermittency (間歇性) —the sun desn’t shine every day, s what d yu d when it’s cludy? Well, that’s why big batteries exist.
21．What can we learn frm paragraph 4?
A．The wrldwide ppularity f slar energy.
B．The rapid increase in glbal slar capacity.
C．The cntents f Mre’s Law and Wright’s Law.
D．The cntributrs t the decline in slar energy csts.
22．What is the purpse f the figures in paragraph 6?
A．T indicate the variety f slar cells.
B．T prve the wide use f slar cells.
C．T shw the imprvement f slar cells.
D．T cmpare the size f different slar cells.
23．What is the authr’s attitude twards the future f the slar industry?
A．Psitive.B．Dubtful.C．Uncaring.D．Wrried.
24．What is mst likely t be talked abut next?
A．The wide use f slar pwer.B．The alternative t slar pwer.
C．The disadvantage f slar pwer.D．The strage f slar pwer.
7.（2024屆·江西景德鎮(zhèn)·統(tǒng)考一模）
It turns ut ur plants are just like us in sme ways. We turn t medicines t relieve a minr flu r headache, and plants t have their ways f self-medicating. They prtect themselves frm envirnmental hazards like insects, drught and heat by prducing salicylic acid (水楊酸). It is respnsible fr the anti-inflammatry actin f aspirin, a drug which has been used by humans fr centuries t cunter pain and inflammatin.
Researchers have fund that plants’ salicylic acid, which is prduced in chlrplasts (葉綠體), is usually generated in respnse t the stress caused by climate change. “It’s like plants use a painkiller fr aches and pains, just like we d,” said plant bilgist Wilhelmina van de ven frm the University f Califrnia, River-side (U. C． R)
“We’d like t be able t use the finding t imprve crp resistance (作物抗性),” said U. C． R.plant geneticist Jin-Zheng Wang. “That will be crucial fr the fd supply in ur increasingly ht, bright wrld.”
Human skin prduces ROS (Reactive xygen species) (活性氧) in the absence f sunscreen. This causes freckles and burns. Similarly, envirnmental stresses result in the frmatin f ROS in plants which, at high levels, can cause death.
At lw levels, hwever, ROS serves an essential functin in plant cells. “ROS is a duble-edged swrd,” said Wang. “At nn-lethal levels, ROS are like an emergency call t actin, enabling the prductin f prtective hrmnes ( 激素) such as salicylic acid.” The acid then acts t prtect the plants’ chlrplasts, knwn t be the site f phtsynthesis.
“With climate change, things like salicylic acid: helping plants stand up t stresses have becme mre cmmn. S, being able t increase plants’ ability t prduce it represents a step frward in challenging the impacts f climate change n everyday life,” said Katayn Dehesh, UCR prfessr f mlecular bichemistry.
“Thse impacts g beynd ur fd. Plants being in truble are a sign f what the future hlds fr us,” she cntinued. “Plants clean ur air by remving the carbn dixide frm it while als ffering us shade, and prviding habitats fr numerus animals. Fr humankind, the benefits f bsting plants’ ability t survive are becming increasingly essential.”
25．What is the main functin f salicylic acid in plants?
A．T secure plants.B．T prduce chlrplasts.
C．T relieve pain and inflammatin.D．T generate hrmnes.
26．What is the main cause f ROS frmatin in plants?
A．Lack f sunscreen.B．Chlrplastic acid.
C．Envirnmental stresses.D．Use f Phtsynthesis.
27．What is the main gal f the researchers at UCR?
A．T explre the histry and significance f aspirin in human medicine.
B．T invent a device that can make plants d self-medicating.
C．T cmpare the differences between plants and humans in self-medicating.
D．T imprve crp resistance by increasing plants’ ability t prduce salicylic acid.
28．What is the text mainly abut?
A．Plants can be imprved t resist envirnmental hazards.
B．Plants prduce their wn aspirin t cpe with stress.
C．Plants and humans share sme cmmn features and needs.
D．Plants cntribute t the well-being f humans and animals.
8.（2024屆·江西萍鄉(xiāng)一模）
Sme peple get mre averse t risk as the years g by. Nt s Gail MacCallum, wh at age 40 quit a secure jb and left the city t explre mre pssibilities f life.
MacCallum mved quite a bit in childhd and spent her frmative years utside Canberra in a farmhuse withut electricity, where she enjyed the freedm f the natural wrld. In her teens, she and her family mved int the heart f inner-city Sydney, and she fund she adred that t.
In 2015, MacCallum and her then partner had a daughter, Amelia. They wanted t make sure that despite being a city kid, Amelia had plenty f natural encunters s they sught ut places t climb trees, watch lizards and spt turtles. But ne day MacCallum realised her little girl was mre at ease with busy streets than bushland. “When she was abut seven, we were visiting a friend whse place had a beautiful lawn. Amelia called ut t me and said, ‘I can’t g int the wild!’ We decided we had t let her experience a wider wrld and tw mnths later we were in a camper van heading ff arund Australia.”
MacCallum admits she felt wrried. “I thught we’d need t knw sme basic things but the trip was like a leap in the dark. ” As it happened, the van they’d bught brke dwn just 90 minutes int the trip. But after repairs they set ff again and travelled the cuntry fr six mnths, during which Amelia became an enthusiastic adventurer. “That trip helped me understand that success desn’t have t be assured,” MacCallum says. “I realised that yu can start smething and just wrk it ut as yu g alng.”
29．What des the underlined wrd in paragraph 1 mean ?
A．Mtivated.B．Cnfident.C．Unwilling.D．Regretful.
30．What d we knw abut MacCallum?
A．She is a persn in favr f stability.
B．She preferred the inner city t the rural area.
C．Her lve fr nature was rted in her childhd.
D．She knew much abut lng-distance travelling.
31．What can be inferred frm paragraph 3?
A．Amelia was raised in a casual way.
B．Amelia was a nature enthusiast just like her parents.
C．MacCallum and her partner planned the trip separately.
D．MacCallum expected her daughter t be clse t nature.
32．Which wrds can best describe their trip?
A．Cstly but satisfying.B．Eventful but educatinal.
C．Bring but meaningful.D．Difficult but rmantic.
9.（2024屆·江西萍鄉(xiāng)一模）
Late nights, early starts, nightmares, anxiety, children ... there are s many things that can cut int ur shut-eye. When des that threaten ur health — and what can we d abut it?
T start with the basics: if yu are getting anywhere frm seven t nine hurs a night, yu’re prbably fine. But yu shuld certainly get cncerned with cnsistently sleeping less than seven hurs a night, and really cncerned if it drpped t six r belw. “If yu are waking up a lt in the night, this will impact the quantity and quality f yur sleep, which can lead t harm in yur immune system, impairment in gut (腸道) health and many ther side-effects,” says Christpher Barker, a persnal trainer and sleep management adviser. “It may be an indicatr f a sleep disrder r anther underlying health cnditin — if yu’re cncerned abut any f these issues, it’s wrth talking t yur dctr.”
S what is yur best bet fr catching sme quality Zs? Well, start during the day. Try t expse yurself t sunlight during the day t keep yur circadian rhythms n track. Physical activity can als help: sleep and exercise have a bidirectinal relatinship. In a 2022 pll, participants wh undertk vigrus physical activity tended t fall asleep faster, wke up less during the night and wke up feeling refreshed, cmpared with nn-exercisers.
When it’s time fr bed, make sure yu turn in at a reasnably cnsistent hur, and keep yur sleep hygiene in shape. “Yu shuld try t keep yur weekend rutine within ne t tw hurs f yur weekday ne, and keep them highly cnsistent,” says Barker. “I’d als suggest keeping yur bedrm free f electrnics, and keep it cl and dark. I ften wrk with athletes, and ne f the first things I ask them t d is activate their devices’ night mde, which cuts dwn n the emissin f blue light that can impede sleep. Ideally, stay ff all f yur devices fr an hur befre bed.”
Oh, and taking a deep breath really can wrk: there is evidence that it activates yur parasympathetic nervus system (副交感神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)) and winds yu dwn.
33．Why des the authr mentin “s many things” in the first paragraph?
A．T intrduce the tpic.B．T make cmparisns.
C．T supprt his/her argument.D．T seek pinins.
34．What may be an indicatr f a sleep disrder?
A．Deep breath.B．Gut discmfrt.
C．Sufficient bedtime.D．Sleep cnsistency.
35．Hw can we get quality Zs?
A．Exercise regularly.B．Wrk with athletes.
C．Keep weekends busy.D．Activate digital devices.
36．What’s the text mainly abut?
A．Stress frm a pr sleep.
B．Trend f sleeping less at night.
C．Bad habits that threaten ur health.
D．Ways t get a cnsistent gd sleep.
10.（2024屆·江西萍鄉(xiāng)一模）
Imagine yu’re ut fr an evening strll in a freign city, lking t find a restaurant fr dinner. If yu’re like mst peple, yu will lk fr the busiest restaurant with the mst diners because its ppularity is bund t reflect n the quality f fd and service. But is this true?
Naturally cpying ther peple’s thughts r chices r simply ging with the crwd is ften referred t as “herd behaviur”. It is a frequent ccurrence amng humans as well as many ther animals, a cmmn example being sheep. Herding can appear t make a lt f sense. After all, there’s “safety in numbers”.
Psychlgy research suggests that the phenmenn relies n the existence f scial cnnectins r patterns between individuals as well as specific mechanisms f passing n infrmatin. A key prerequisite (前提) is the human ability t “mentalise”, which means being able t read and interpret smene else’s mental state and using the infrmatin t explain their chices.
Cntrary t the s-called “wisdm f crwds”, which emerges when the judgement f individual grup members are independently cllected t prduce an average pinin, herd behavir typically rely n s-called “infrmatin cascades (信息瀑布) ”, where peple take n thers’ beliefs r cpy their chices withut critically assessing the underlying reasns. This frequently leads t the imitatin f irratinal (不理性的) r simply stupid behavirs. Cnsequently, herding can have many undesirable utcmes, including unfavrable influences n cnsumer chices, like in the restaurant example abve.
Hwever, it seems there is n quick and easy fix t resist the lure f herd behaviur. Instead, lng-term attitude changes may be necessary, which culd invlve individuals adpting mre critical appraches twards their peers’ pinin, and questining thers’ behavir as ppsed t blindly fllwing them.
37．Which f the fllwing can be called “herd behaviur” ?
A．Chsing the mst crwded restaurant t dine in.
B．Asking friends fr suggestins when in cnfusin.
C．Running ut immediately when the fire bell rings.
D．Analyzing a prduct carefully befre buying it.
38．An imprtant cnditin fr herd behaviur lies in _______.
A．explaining life patterns
B．understanding scial cnnectins
C．cmprehending thers’ mental state
D．sharing infrmatin amng individuals
39．What leads t the herd behaviur?
A．Wisdm f crwds.B．Uncertain utcmes.
C．Lack f ratinal analyses.D．Enugh individual pinins.
40．Hw can peple avid the the herd behaviur?
A．Never fllw the trend.B．Keep a questining mind.
C．Say n t any ppular events.D．Stand ppsite against the public.
11.（2024屆·吉林·統(tǒng)考一模）
A revlutin has recently taken place in behaviural bilgy. Its cnsequences are far-reaching, bth fr ur self-image as humans and fr ur relatinship with animals. Just a few decades ag, behaviural science was guided by tw key beliefs: animals cannt think, and n scientific statements can be made abut their emtins. Tday, the same discipline hlds bth ideas t be false and assumes the very ppsite: animals f sme species are capable f insight – they can recgnize themselves in a mirrr and exhibit at least a basic sense f self-awareness – and they have rich emtinal lives that seem t be amazingly similar t thse f humans.
Indeed, the transfrmatin f the cncept f the animal in mdern behaviural bilgy has been fundamental. This has been cnfirmed by the death f a third belief: fr decades, it was taught that animals behave fr the gd f their species. Tday we knw this is nt the case. Rather, animals d everything t ensure that cpies f their wn genes are passed t the next generatin with maximum efficiency and, when necessary, they will als kill cnspecifics. Clearly, they are nt, as Jane Gdall had nce famusly hped, ‘like us, but better’.
The brder between humans and animals is als beginning t blur in ther areas. Certain aspects f the scial envirnment can cause stress fr bth humans and animals, while ther similar factrs can relieve it. Indeed, animal behaviur des nt develp in a fixed manner: envirnmental influences, scialisatin, and learning can change an animal frm the prenatal phase (胎兒期) thrugh adulthd. Like humans, animals ultimately appear individualised upn clser inspectin.
Hwever, such similarities acrss genes, brain structure, and the endcrine (內(nèi)分泌的) system d nt autmatically imply similarities cncerning thughts, feelings, and behaviur. T better understand these characteristics, we need t lk at specific studies in bth animals and humans. In the case f animals, such studies take place within the field f behaviural bilgy, which was prperly defined by ne f the fathers f the discipline, the Nbel Prize winner Niklaas Tinbergen, as ‘the study f behaviur by bilgical methds’.
41．Accrding t the new research, sme animals___________.
A．pssess rich emtins.B．can hardly recgnize themselves.
C．can shw little self-awareness.D．a(chǎn)re incapable f understanding.
42．It can be inferred that animals’ behaviural actins are mainly driven by __________.
A．their desire t prtect their species.
B．their ability t recgnize themselves in mirrrs.
C．their urge t guarantee the gene transmissin.
D．their eagerness t be scially interacted.
43．Which f the fllwing statements is true accrding t Paragraph 3?
A．There’s a clear distinctin between humans and animals.
B．Scial envirnment may have an impact n animal behavir.
C．Animals will eventually becme standardized.
D．Learning alne can shape animal behaviur altgether.
44．Which f the fllwing titles best summarizes the article?
A．Evlutin f Views in Behaviral Bilgy: Typical Human, Typical Animal?
B．The Emtinal Lives f Animals: A Study f Similarities and Differences with Humans
C．Understanding the Blurred Bundaries: The Human – Animal Cnnectin in Mdern Science
D．Past and Present: Hw Behaviral Bilgy Views Animals
12.（2024屆·吉林·統(tǒng)考一模）
Behind the Mask
Wearing the face f Patih Manis, a character in Bali’s dance dramas, means mre than simply putting n a tapel, r mask.
“When yu dance with a tapel and perfrm its character, yu underg a transfrmatin,”says I Made Bandem, a schlar and teacher f Balinese arts – and a dancer fr seven decades. “Yu must’marry’that mask and make ritual (儀式) fferings t create unity between yurself and the tapel. Many dancers will sleep with the mask beside them, s that they can learn its true character.”
Hand – carved tapel are essential t Tpeng Pajegan and Tpeng Panca, dance dramas ften held at temple festivals and family rituals acrss this Indnesian island. The masks, alng with delicate cstumes, music that makes yu sleep, and staccat mvements – smetimes nly f the fingers – have attracted Balinese audiences since the 17th century. The stries staged in Pajegan and Panca tell the histry f the Balinese peple, and the characters never change: Their appearance, mvements, rles, and even the rder in which they emerge remain the same. Yet in spite f this structure, tpeng leave rm fr a great deal f artistic freedm. With n written text and n required musical arrangement, the entire perfrmance which can last arund fur hurs will be an imprvisatin – dancers and musicians drawing signals frm ne anther.
It’s believed that every mask used fr perfrmance has a spirit. And if the crrect fferings and tabs have been bserved and the dancers have devted themselves t mental, physical, and spiritual training, then during a dance drama their bdies will becme a medium fr the tapel’s spirit.
“A dancer strives t achieve taksu, which is a cmbinatin f presence, pwer, and passin, ”says Bandem.“This is what we pray fr befre we perfrm; it is thrugh taksu that we bring the ancestrs and their stries t life.”
45．What can we learn abut tapel frm the first tw paragraphs?
A．Tapel refers t a character’s name.
B．Tapel is suppsed t be with the dancers all alng.
C．Tapel builds a bridge between the dancer and the true character.
D．Tapel experiences dramatic changes when wrn by a dancer.
46．All the fllwing can attract the audience at the dance dramas mentined except________.
A．Well-designed cstumes.B．Balinese stries.C．Uplifting music.D．Artistic freedm.
47．Which ne can better explain the meaning f “imprvisatin” in the third paragraph?
A．A perfrmance created casually.B．A perfrmance with full preparatin.
C．A perfrmance given perfectly terribly.D．A perfrmance withut deliberate preparatin.
48．What is the main idea f the last paragraph?
A．Taksu is a Balinese dancer’s pursuit.B．The stry behind the mask.
C．Tapel’s spirit is impssible t verlk.D．Taksu is a medium t cnnect the past and the present.
13.（2024屆·吉林長春·統(tǒng)考一模）
Fr all f human histry, eating meat has meant killing animals. But scientists behind lab-grwn meat say that’s n lnger necessary. They prduce meat by grwing cells btained frm an animal’s bdy.
Lab-grwn meat, als called “cell-cultivated” r “cultured” meat, is made by feeding a mix f nutrients t animal cells in steel tanks in labs. The idea is t create an alternative t agriculturally raised meat. And unlike ther meat substitutes which are made frm plant prteins and ther ingredients, lab-grwn meat is real meat. When ready, the meat is frmed int shapes such as sausages r nuggets (塊), and lks, smells and tastes like any ther grcery stre versin,
Recently, the U. S. Department f Agriculture (USDA) has given tw cmpanies apprval
t sell lab-grwn chicken. The apprval launches a new era f meat prductin aimed at eliminating harm t animals, and reducing the envirnmental impacts f grazing (放牧) and grwing feed fr animals. Scientists warn that the typical way meat is prduced nw, in cncentrated animal feeding peratins, is a risk factr fr the emergence f diseases. Lab-grwn meat is mre sustainable and can be prduced withut antibitics, and withut prducing greenhuse gas emissins linked t animal agriculture.
“Everything we knw abut hw meat can be made is ging t change. But dn’t expect t see cultivated meat in grcery stres just yet,” said Uma Valeti, CEO f UPSIDE Fds. Lab-grwn chicken is much mre expensive, because it cannt yet be prduced n the scale f traditinal meat.
“T make cultivated meat, energy use needs are high,” said Bruce Friedrich, president and funder f the Gd Fd Institute, a nnprfit grup that prmtes alternative prteins. Hwever, the disadvantage f high energy needs will be ffset by the reductin in land and water use and ther benefits. If cultured meat is prduced n a large scale, it culd als ffer a slutin t feeding the wrld’s grwing ppulatin.
49．What d we knw abut lab-grwn meat?
A．It is abundant in plant prteins.
B．It can be bught in grcery stres.
C．It is generated frm animals’ cells.
D．It tastes mre delicius than traditinal meat.
50．What is the ptential benefit f lab-grwn meat?
A．Higher safety fr eating.
B．Lwer csts fr restaurants.
C．Imprvements in traditinal agriculture.
D．Psitive impacts n climate change and animals.
51．What prblem des the authr mentin in paragraph 4?
A．It is hard t prduce lab-grwn meat in quantity.
B．The USDA desn’t apprve the sale f lab-grwn meat.
C．Many peple raise dubts abut the safety f lab-grwn meat.
D．Lab-grwn meat can disturb cmpetitin in the meat industry.
52．What des the underlined wrd “ffset” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Balanced.B．Satisfied.C．Increased.D．Exchanged.
14.（2024屆·吉林長春·統(tǒng)考一模）
It’s a race against time, as generatins f cultural heritage cnservatrs at the Dunhuang Academy make a great effrt t prtect the artistic charm f the Mga Caves, a UNESCO Wrld Heritage Site, despite ersin(侵蝕) by sand and wind.
The team is dedicated t prtecting the 45,000 square meters f murals(壁畫) and mre than 2,400 painted sculptures f the 735 caves f the site, the cnstructin f which spans abut a thusand years, frm the 4th century t the 14th century. The cultural relics are the prduct f the cultural exchanges that tk place ver centuries n the ancient Silk Rad. “Our wrk, repairing murals and painted sculptures, is t better preserve the caves, which prmtes the great Dunhuang spirit f inclusiveness t the wrld and inspires mdern peple,” says Su Bmin, directr f the Dunhuang Academy.
Cmmnly seen “diseases” affecting the murals include cracking and flaking (剝落), as well as ersin that is caused by changes in temperature and humidity f the caves, and the depsitin f salts. T restre a mural requires an all-runder. Restrers shuld knw painting, master the skills f a masn and have sme knwledge f chemistry and physics, t be able t recgnize the prblems and their crrespnding causes and deliver a slutin. They must als select prper materials and tls, and cnduct experiments, befre frmally carrying ut the restratin and evaluating the effect afterward.
The restratin shuld respect the riginal wrk and aim t maintain the status qu f the murals rather than repainting them. When the restrers find sme parts f murals missing r fading away, they never repaint them t create a “perfect” appearance in restratin. “Cultural relics are witnesses f histry,” explains Su.“When yu pursue the s-called intact(完好無損的) lk fr artistic reasns, yu will lse their key meaning.”
Cave cnservatin is abut cntinuusly slving prblems. “It needs a lng-term research t better preserve the caves, ver a much wider time span that ges beynd ur lifetimes,” Su says. But at least, they can keep the existing lk f the murals fr as lng as pssible.
53．What is the main purpse f paragraph 2?
A．T shw the ppularity f Dunhuang murals.
B．T explain the histry f the ancient Silk Rad.
C．T stress the significance f the restratin wrk.
D．T present the ways f prtecting cultural heritage.
54．Which f the fllwing best describes the restratin wrk?
A．Creative.B．Well-paid.
C．Interesting.D．Demanding.
55．What shuld restring murals fcus n accrding t paragraph 4?
A．Sptting the faded murals in time.
B．Fixing the missing parts f murals.
C．Making preservatin f the murals as they are.
D．Repainting t perfect the appearance f murals.
56．What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A．The Artistic Charm f Mural Paintings.
B．The Mural Restratin in the Mga Caves.
C．The Successful Experiment n Cave Cnservatin.
D．The Rle f the Dunhuang Spirit in Chinese Culture.
15.（2024屆·吉林一模）
An envirnmental grup in Clmbia is leading a prject t save wild areas in the San Lucas Muntains with the help f cffee grwers.
Since 2016, San Lucas areas have been threatened by mining and cca (古柯) planting Gld miners and cca grwers make mre mney than cffee farms. Nw the grup WebCnserva helps link cffee farmers with cffee prcessrs frm arund the cuntry in rder that they can earn mre. At the same time cffee farms can serve as barders arund the frests t prtect the bidiversity within.
T date, the prject includes 10 families wh farm 400 hectares f cffee plants. WebCnserva said it hpes, in time, 200 families will be included. At that level. 20,000 hectares f untuched frest culd be prtected. The families prmise nt t cut dwn trees t expand their crps r t hunt wild animals. In return, they receive $300 fr 125 kilgrams f cffee.
Arcadi Barajas is amng thse taking part. His cffee farm sets up a barrier between cattle farms and frests where wild animals live, thus reducing the pssibility f cnflict between cattle farmers and wild animals. “Cutting dwn the frest t plant cca and killing wildlife were against my faith, and nw I feel that grwing cffee lets me be a gd guard f the land,” he said.
Amnbis Rmer is a frmer cca grwer and miner. “Many families depended n illegal activities t supprt their children years ag. Nw, we feel it a duty t lk after this bidiversity and leave it fr future generatins,” he said. Activists want San Luvas t be prtected as a natinal park, but the prcess has been slw. Carls Valderrama, directr f Webcnserva, hpes the prject can build prductin system that will last far int the future. “It prtects frests, bidiversity and ecsystems at the same time as imprving cffee grwers’ quality f life,” he said.
57．What des the underlined wrd “they” in Paragraph 2 refer t?
A．Cffee farmers.
B．WebCnserva members.
C．Gld miners.
D．Cca grwers.
58．Hw des WebCnserva members save wild areas in San Lucas?
A．By increasing cattle farms.
B．By setting up a barrier.
C．Ry develping gld mining.
D．By encuraging cffee farming.
59．What des the authr intend t shw by mentining Arcadi Barajas and Arnbis Rmer?
A．Families have enugh mney fr their kids.
B．Cffee planting will last fr several generatins.
C．Cffee farming changed the frmer cca grwers’ lives.
D．The prject benefit the frests mre than the lcal farmers.
60．What can be inferred frm the text?
A．Families prtecting wildlife will get very rich.
B．WebCnserva benefits ecsystems and lcal peple’s life.
C．Gld mining and cca farming have been replaced rapidly.
D．San Lucas will develp int a natinal park in the near future.
16.（2024·吉林一模）
As the cncept f emtinal intelligence (EI) has gne glbal, we’ve watched prfessinals fail as they try t imprve their emtinal intelligence because they either dn’t knw where t fcus their effrts r they haven’t understd hw t imprve these skills n a practical level. In ur wrk cnsulting with cmpanies and caching leaders, we have fund that if yu’re lking t develp particular EI strengths, it helps t cnsider areas fr imprvement thers have identified alng with the gals yu want t achieve and then t actively build habits in thse areas rather than simply relying n understanding them cnceptually.
The first step is t get a sense f hw yur self-perceptin (hw yu see yurself) differs frm yur reputatin (hw thers see yu). This is especially true fr the develpment f EI because we can be blind t hw we express and read the emtinal cmpnents f ur interactins. Fr example, mst f us think that we’re gd listeners, but very ften that’s really nt the case. Withut this external reality check, it will be difficult fr yu t identify the ways that yur actins affect yur perfrmance. Getting teed back frm thers can als prvide prf f the necessity f shifting ur behavir and mtivatin t d s.
T give yu the best sense f where the differences lie between yur self-perceptin and reputatin, yu shuld use a 360-degree feedback assessment that takes int accunt the multiple aspects f EI. The key is t find ne t give yu feedback, which is fcused n develpment and nt n perfrmance assessment. And that can give yu a detailed understanding f hw ther peple’s assessments f yu differ frm yur wn assessments.
Secndly, when yu get yur feedback frm an assessment, let that infrm what yu want t imprve. But als cnsider what yur gals are. When it cmes t cultivating strengths in emtinal intelligence, yu’re at a huge disadvantage if yu’re nly interested because thers say yu shuld be. Yur emtinal intelligence is s tied up in yur sense f self that being intrinsically (內(nèi)在的) mtivated t make the effrt matters mre when changing lngstanding habits than it des when simply learning a skill.
That means the areas that yu chse t actively wrk n shuld lie at the intersectin f the feedback yu’ve gtten and the areas that are mst imprtant t yur wn aspiratins (抱負(fù)). Understanding the influences f yur current EI habits relative t yur gals will keep yu ging ver a lng perid at time as yu d the wrk r strengthening yur emtinal intelligence.
61．What d we knw frm the first paragraph?
A．EI can be better imprved with thers’ help.
B．Leaders are badly in need f imprving their EI.
C．EI plays a key rle in prfessinal develpment.
D．Prfessinals fail t understand the cncepts f EI.
62．Accrding t the passage, which f the fllwing is an “external reality check”?
A．Yu help yur siblings make a key decisin.
B．Yur career develpment speeds up with thers’ help.
C．Yu reflected yurself and made a New Year reslutin.
D．Yur teacher directed yu twards a better attitude in study.
63．What’s the main idea f Paragraph 4?
A．T imprve yur EI, fllwing yur inner call is the mst reliable.
B．It’s bard fr thers t knw yur EI because it hides deep inside.
C．T imprve yur EI, yu shuld take yur gals int cnsideratin.
D．Acquiring a new skill is mre significant than imprving yur EI.
64．Which f the fllwing might the authr agree with?
A．Yur inner self discurages yu frm imprving yur EI.
B．Effective EI develpment is determined by different factrs.
C．The imprtance f perfrmance assessment is underestimated.
D．EI develpment is unlikely t happen unless yu knw what EI is.

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