
?第07講 語法選擇(講義) 【復習目標】 1.熟練掌握固定搭配、語法等知識 2.掌握簡單有效的解題策略和正確的解題步驟 【考情分析】 語法選擇命題規(guī)律 語法選擇題與完形填空題類似,給出一篇短文,將短文中的一些單詞或短語挖空作為考點。旨在考查學生在實際語言中運用語法知識的能力,著重在語篇的層面考查學生的語法分析能力,強調(diào)語法知識在實際語言中的正確運用。 題型特點如下: 1.選用材料一般為250詞左右,多為記敘文,故事性比較強。 2.考查形式是在一篇留有10個空的短文中,要求考生按照語法規(guī)則和上下文選擇正確答案,每空1分,共10分。 3.因為有特定的語境,因而難度不大,中考難度大約在0.55左右。 4.通常情況下,語法選擇的考查內(nèi)容主要包括以下方面:名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞、連詞、形容詞和副詞、冠詞、情態(tài)動詞、時態(tài)、被動語態(tài)、非謂語動詞、詞語辨析、賓語從句、定語從句和感嘆句。對定語從句知識點的考查,中考難度不會偏離課本的要求,即只要求能辨認出由that,which,who引導的限定性定語從句,并能理解句子的意思。因此不要求盲目拔高定語從句的難度。 【名師解難】 1.答題前快速瀏覽全文,掌握語篇主旨大意和語篇特點,以便在語境中選擇正確的答案。 2.答題時以句子為單位,理解句意后,找準考點,弄清楚考查方向和意圖,找出對答案有提示作用的單詞、短語等。 3.答題后要把答案代入空格中,復讀全文,看看全文意思是否貫通,檢查人稱、時態(tài)、數(shù)等是否前后一致,最后確定答案。 語法選擇??颊Z法 連詞 考查頻率最高的是but,so,or,and, although, though,both, either neither,all的用法。判斷文章前后的邏輯關系即可。but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關系;s表示因果關系;or,或者、否則之意。and表示并列關系; though/although:表示雖然是,不能與but連用。both-and:表示兩者都; either--or:表示兩者之一; neither-nor表示兩者中沒有一個;all表示全部都,用于三者以上。 介詞 考查固定搭配??疾轭l率最高的介詞:on,in,at,for用在時間前的用法,with, without的用法 冠詞a,an,the的區(qū)別 介詞 ??紀n,in,at,for用在時間前的用法,with, without的用法。at:用于具體時刻、傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日前, 例如: at8:00; at Christmas.固定搭配: at noon, at night. in:用于世紀、年、季節(jié)、月等不具體的時間前,例如:in2011 固定搭配: in the morning/ afternoon/evening on:用于具體的某一天,或具體的早上、下午、晚上。for:后面十一段時間,現(xiàn)在完成時的標志 with:與.一起,和.帶著,有.的;以(手段、材料),用(工具) without:沒有 形容詞 若選項出現(xiàn)ed、ing一般考查的是分詞作形容詞的用法:ed是修飾人,一ing是修飾事物,只要會判斷主詞 語,即可選對。形容詞后置; other, the other, others, the others-other-, the oth er/分別為“其他的”、“其余的”的意思,后面跟名詞, others、 the others分別為“其他人/東西”,“其余的人/東西”已經(jīng)是名詞,有the,說明是在一定范圍內(nèi)。 副詞 若選項出現(xiàn)一ly結(jié)尾的,可以判定該空格考查副詞的運考副詞,在該句子中,空格前有動詞,則要用副詞修飾。 代詞 人稱代詞,動詞介詞后用賓格;空格后有名詞,用形容詞所有格,沒有名詞則用名詞所有格; 反身代詞???enjoy oneself/ help yourself/ dress oneself/ teach oneself不定代詞 something, every thing, anything nothing被形容詞修飾時的區(qū)分。 語法選擇的解題技巧 1.語境考慮法。 單項填空題多為截取的生活場景,句式靈活,用詞地道,用語言來解決實際生活中的問題。做題時一定要全面捕捉題干信息,把握好語言環(huán)境,切中句子意思,抓住上下文語境,領會句子的言外之意,然后對各個選項進行比較篩選,從中確定最佳答案。 2.固定搭配法。 單項填空題常會涉及一些固定短語、固定結(jié)構(gòu)及習慣用法等,對此類題我們可以在理解句意的基礎上,根據(jù)習慣表達方式直接選出答案。例如: Every one of you is looking forward getting a good result. Better think carefully before writing down your answers. Wish yousuccess ! A. on B. in C. to D. for 答案分析:C。句意:你們每個人都期盼有一個好的結(jié)果。在寫答案前想清楚比較好。祝你們成功! look forward to doing sth.意為“期盼做某事”,是固定詞組。 3.關鍵詞法。 有些單項填空題在題干中含有或暗含一些關鍵詞,它們對于快速而準確地選出答案起著至關重要的作用。抓住這些關鍵詞去理解句意,往往會使我們的問題迎刃而解。例如: He hardly hurt himself in the accident, ? A. doesn't he B. didn't he C. did he D. does he 答案分析:C。該題中 hardly與hurt是起關鍵詞作用的詞。反意疑問句中,陳述部分含有 hardly, never, little,,few等表示否定意義的詞時,疑問部分用肯定形式;而hurt一詞的過去式與原形相同,此處hurt未加-s,應為過去式。因此本題應選C項。 4.比較法。 運用所學的語法知識,認真比較四個選項,對其進行時態(tài)、語態(tài)、語氣、非謂語形式及同義詞比較后,選出正確答案。例如: The famous man in china for ten years. A died B. was dead C. has been dead D. has died 答案分析:C。由 for ten years可以斷定要用現(xiàn)在完成時。died和 was dead是一般過去時,因此排除A、B兩項。de是非延續(xù)性動詞,在完成時中與表示一段時間的詞連用時,必須轉(zhuǎn)化為延續(xù)性動詞形式 be dead。 5.邏輯推理法 有的題目從語法上看并沒有錯,但句意不合邏輯。因此,做此類題時,就需要根據(jù)邏輯推理來選出正確答案。例如 There are people in the street because it is very late. A. a little B. little C.few D. a few 答案分析:C。 a little和 little不能用來修飾 people,因此排除A、B兩項。few和a few都可以修飾 people,但D項在意思上不合邏輯。故答案為C項。 6.前后照應法。 此法要求答題前首先弄清題干的真正意思,然后根據(jù)備選項與題干的上下聯(lián)系,捕捉暗含的信息,前后照應,最后選出正確答案。例如: Mr. Gan is a teacher. He works in a new . A shop B.school C. factory D. hospital 答案分析:B。如果我們不看題干的一部分,四個選項均可但根據(jù)題干的前平句“高先生是一位教師”,即可確定答案為B項。 7.排除法 排除法是使用頻率最高的方法之一。此種方法是指在理解句意的基礎上結(jié)合句子結(jié)構(gòu)詞語用法等逐個排除錯誤的選項,從而得出正確答案。例如: —Would you like some drinks, boys? —yes, ,please. A .some oranges B. two boxes of apples C. some cakes D. two bottles of coke 答案分析:D。句意:“孩子們,想來點喝的嗎?”“是的,請來兩瓶可樂?!眴柧湓儐柺欠裥枰鹊?而 oranges, apples, cakes均為吃的東西,故可排除AB、C三項。 【Tips】 ①正確把握語境:當我們孤立地看留空格時往往難以抉擇,但將上下句聯(lián)系起來,就能輕松破題。因此,做語法選擇時要正確把握語境。 ②記住固定搭配:同學們在平時需要注意積累常見的固定句式、名詞與形容詞的搭配等等,這對解題十分有利。 ③分析句子邏輯:根據(jù)復合句和并列句的知識,句子與句子之間有著不同的邏輯關系,或是從屬關系,或是并列關系。 從句子的意義和邏輯關系來看,從句可表示時間、原因、條件、結(jié)果、目的等,句子之間可以是并列關系、遞進關系、轉(zhuǎn)折關系等。 ④利用對稱結(jié)構(gòu):同學們在做題過程中要善于利用 and,but 等連詞。若連接的是動詞,則幾個動詞應該是同一時態(tài)或形式。 (一) (2023·廣東東莞·統(tǒng)考三模)Once upon a time, there was an old woman. Her son was really lazy and did nothing at all. The old woman became 1 about his future. One day, she said to her son, “I hope you can go to this island and find some treasure.” After saying that, she gave 2 son a bag. It was her son’s 3 time to go to a place so far away. So she prepared some food, some clothes, some money and a map in the bag. The son started the long journey the next day. During the long journey, he had to cook meals for himself. 4 his way to the island, he met many people. Some of them helped him. Three months 5 , he got to the island. 6 , he could not find any treasure. He felt quite sad and began to return home. On his way back home, he could 7 look after himself. And surprisingly, he met those people 8 helped him before. This time he stayed with them for a few days and helped them with some farm work. When he got home, he told his mother that he could not find any treasure. His mother smiled and said, “My son, to be honest, there is no treasure in 9 island. But I think you 10 the most valuable treasure in life already. This is something you can only learn through the course of life.” 1.A.worry B.worries C.worried 2.A.she B.her C.hers 3.A.the first B.one C.first 4.A.On B.In C.At 5.A.a(chǎn)go B.later C.a(chǎn)fter 6.A.But B.However C.Because 7.A.easily B.easy C.easier 8.A.which B.who C.when 9.A.a(chǎn) B.a(chǎn)n C.the 10.A.will find B.have found C.find (2023·廣東佛山·統(tǒng)考三模) During the Eastern Han Dynasty(25—220)there was a government official (官員) named Yang Zhen. One day Yang ran into 11 old workmate of his—Wang Mi during a trip. In the past, Yang 12 Wang’s talent and promoted(提拔)him. Wang had always kept Yang’s help 13 mind. He was so 14 to him that he invited Yang to stay over for the night. It was near midnight when Wang knocked on the 15 of Yang’s bedroom. When the door 16 , Wang handed Yang a bag and said, “This is to thank you for teaching me and leading me 17 who I am today.” Yang looked in the bag. 18 was full of gold. “Do I look like a person who accepts bribes(賄賂)? I thought you knew me well,” Yang said 19 . “It’s late at night. No one will know 20 we keep it a secret.” Wang said. “What do you mean no one would know? Heaven knows, Earth knows, you know and I know,” Yang said. Wang left the room in shame. 11.A.a(chǎn) B.a(chǎn)n C.the 12.A.recognised B.recognises C.has recognised 13.A.on B.in C.a(chǎn)t 14.A.thankful B.more thankful C.the most thankful 15.A.door’s B.doors C.door 16.A.is opened B.was opened C.opened 17.A.becoming B.become C.to become 18.A.Its B.Itself C.It 19.A.a(chǎn)ngry B.a(chǎn)ngrily C.a(chǎn)nger 20.A.if B.until C.a(chǎn)lthough (2023·廣東珠海·??既#?請通讀下面短文,掌握其大意,根據(jù)語法和上下文連貫的要求,從每題所給的三個選項中選出一個最佳答案,并將答題卡上對應題目的選項涂黑。 When millions of graduates left university and became busy finding a job, 23-year-old Yu Yanqia of Lisu ethnic group(傈僳族), graduating from Kunming Medical University, had already made 21 decision to serve as a local medical worker in her hometown. “The moment I became a college student, I decided to work 22 my hometown,” she said. Back in 2007, 23 Yu was a little girl, the Nujiang River in her hometown separated her village from the outside world. Like other people living here, the 8-year-old girl and her friends had to use a pulley(滑輪) 24 the river down a steel cable(鋼索)to get to school every day. One day, a photo on the Internet 25 showed her crossing the river in red brought her great attention. Then, the first bridge 26 over the Nujiang River, near her school. From then on, Yu and her classmates no 27 had to risk their lives to go to school. In 2018, Yu 28 entered the Second Clinical Medical College of Kunming Medical University with a score of 568 points. She became 29 first child in her village to enter college. While Yu was on the road to further study, great changes took place in her hometown. New 30 were built on the riverside, roads led to the villages and more modern bridges opened to the traffic. 21.A.she B.her C.hers 22.A.in B.on C.by 23.A.when B.because C.until 24.A.cross B.to cross C.crossing 25.A.where B.that C.what 26.A.is built B.is building C.was built 27.A.long B.longer C.longest 28.A.successfully B.succeed C.successful 29.A.a(chǎn) B.a(chǎn)n C.the 30.A.house B.houses C.house’s (2023·廣東江門·??家荒#?閱讀下面短文,按照句子結(jié)構(gòu)的語法性和上下文連貫的要求,從所給的四個選項中選出一個最佳答案,使短文連貫完整。 A businessman (商人) went to see the doctor. He told the doctor that he couldn’t 31 at night. The doctor examined (檢查) him 32 , and said, “Your problem is that you need to relax. Just go to do some enjoyable things. Don’t worry too much about 33 work. What do you usually do to relax yourself?” The businessman thought for 34 minutes and then said, “Well, I don’t even have time to relax.” That was 35 surprising answer to the doctor. The doctor looked 36 the businessman and said, “That is your main problem, you see. It’s OK to work hard, but you should learn 37 . Why don’t you do something you are really interested in? Why don’t you go on a trip? The scenes (風景) are beautiful: high mountains, thick forests and a lot of wild 38 along the way. 39 why don’t you learn to paint? That’s much easier.” “All right, I’ll try.” the businessman said. The next day he called the doctor and said, “That was a very good idea, doctor. Thank you very much. I 40 fifteen pictures since I saw you yesterday.” 31.A.sleeping B.sleep C.slept 32.A.careful B.careless C.carefully 33.A.you B.your C.yours 34.A.little B.a(chǎn) little C.a(chǎn) few 35.A.a(chǎn) B.a(chǎn)n C./ 36.A.a(chǎn)t B.for C.into 37.A.to dream B.dreaming C.to relax 38.A.song B.songs C.flowers 39.A.Because B.Or C.But 40.A.paint B.painted C.have painted (2023·廣東佛山·統(tǒng)考三模) Yue Fei lived during the Song Dynasty (960–1279). As a general, he led 41 army to win many wars. In 1125, the Jin army from the north 42 the Song Empire and tried to take control of its central lands. Yue made a decision 43 the enemy. Before he set out, his mother asked him, “Right now our country is facing 44 difficulties than before, so what do you plan to do?” “Serve 45 country with the greatest loyalty (忠心),” said Yue. That was what his mother hoped her son would do. She decided to tattoo (給……紋身) the words onto her 46 back so that he would not easily forget them. She asked, “My child, your back will be quite 47 when being tattooed. Are you afraid?” Yue answered, “Mother, a little pain is nothing. 48 I were afraid of the pain of tattooing, how could I go to war on the front lines?” Keeping his words 49 mind, Yue beat the Jin army many times. Sadly, Yue 50 because of Qin Hui. But his spirit was passed on to later generations. 41.A.himself B.his C.him 42.A.a(chǎn)ttack B.a(chǎn)ttacked C.has attacked 43.A.fight B.fighting C.to fight 44.A.serious B.more serious C.the most serious 45.A./ B.a(chǎn) C.the 46.A.son B.sons C.son’s 47.A.pain B.painful C.painfully 48.A.If B.Because C.Unless 49.A.in B.with C.of 50.A.killed B.is killed C.was killed (2023·廣東廣州·華南師大附中校考三模) I have been afraid of water in my whole life. At the age of 34, I didn’t have 51 memory of ever enjoying water. Even walking around the edge of 52 pool was uncomfortable for me. 53 I hid my fear in order to save face, and few people knew 54 . I 55 not forget the last summer 56 I spent with my sister Lori learning swimming. After taking baby steps for many days, I 57 by her down the gentle slope into the pool. She was encouraging me 58 a step deeper, and then another. I had gone 59 several swimming lessons. Every time, when the water 60 my chest, Lori would quickly realize that I was almost to my limit. I breathed a sigh of relief and turned to walk back out the shallow end. “Let’s try going this way.” Lori said. I was shocked as I understood what she meant. She wanted me to walk along the edge of the pool to the opposite end. I saw the blue-painted block numbers. Five and a half feet? No way! “Just try it!” Lori pressed. As the water 61 increased. I moved more and more slowly. As we neared the 62 mark, my progress was 63 difficult that I tried to move forward. I did it! I stood on the floor of the far end of the pool, enjoying cheers and applause from fellow swimmers. Sometimes, 64 deal of all is to walk into something you are afraid of and come out a winner at the end, no matter 65 long it takes to get there. 51.A.some B.every C.a(chǎn)ny D.no 52.A.a(chǎn) B.a(chǎn)n C.the D./ 53.A.Though B.But C.Unless D.If 54.A.them B.its C.these D.it 55.A.can B.must C.should D.may 56.A.when B.who C.that D.where 57.A.a(chǎn)m led B.lead C.led D.was led 58.A.taking B.take C.taken D.to take 59.A.for B.a(chǎn)way C.through D.by 60.A.reaches B.reached C.has reached D.is reaching 61.A.depth B.deep C.deeply D.deepen 62.A.five foot B.five-feet C.five-foot D.five foot’s 63.A.too B.so C.very D.such 64.A.big B.bigger C.more bigger D.the biggest 65.A.how B.which C.what D.whether (2023·陜西西安·西安市鐵一中學校考模擬預測) Thursday??????July 3rd????????Sunny Today was the third day of our trip. My parents and I walked fifteen miles to reach a faraway village. We wanted to rent(租賃) 66 house there. There was only one empty house.We found out the owner. He told us not 67 it.No one liked to live there for there was a ghost(鬼). But dad said it could be one of our exciting 68 in our trip and we had that house at last. At night, we quickly fell asleep 69 we were too tired after a day’s walk. Suddenly, I felt I 70 by a cold hand. I got up and felt scared. No, it was no ghost but mom. But she was shaking. I asked 71 . She said nothing but pointed to the window. Yes, somebody seemed to be moving about. The sound was sometimes on the top of the house and 72 on the ground. Even it seemed to fly through the air. We were all too scared to move. After some time, dad and I made up our mind to go out and 73 . But when dad opened the door. I felt even 74 . I heard the sound as before, but saw no one. And then suddenly all was clear. There was an owl flying about. Someone had tied bells 75 its legs, which made a sound whenever it moved. We had a good laugh and went to sleep. What an unforgettable experience it was! 66.A.a(chǎn) B.a(chǎn)n C.the D./ 67.A.buy B.to buy C.take D.to take 68.A.secret B.secrets C.experience D.experiences 69.A.a(chǎn)lthough B.before C.because D.unless 70.A.touch B.a(chǎn)m touched C.touched D.was touched 71.A.why did she touch me B.why she touched me C.how did she touch me D.how she touched me 72.A.hardly B.usually C.a(chǎn)lways D.sometimes 73.A.see B.saw C.hear D.heard 74.A.scared B.more scared C.interested D.more interested 75.A.to B.for C.from D.with (一) (2023·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考中考真題) It was a beautiful spring day in a forest in ancient China. High up in a tree, a mother bird was watching 76 six baby birds come out of the eggs lovingly. Five of them were strong. They chirped loudly. But 77 last one that came out was not strong at all. This little one 78 Little Six. He was weak and quiet. He was not fast enough 79 the worms (蟲子) Mama Bird brought back. Little Six ate 80 food, so he was always hungry. And he didn’t like that. Little Six didn’t have a strong body. 81 he had a strong will. He decided 82 he would get stronger. He would do exercises and flap (拍動) his wings every day. Every morning, Little Six would rise 83 the sun even came up. When his brothers and sisters woke, Little Six had already finished all his exercises. Morning after morning, he practiced 84 his wings, and they were getting stronger and stronger. He always got the first worms Mama brought back home. All through the spring, Little Six woke up 85 than his brothers and sisters. Week after week, he worked harder than they did. He 86 eat big meals and did not go hungry any more. After a couple of months, all the baby birds had grown well. Mama Bird brought them together and 87 them to fly. 88 everyone’s surprise, Little Six was the first to start flying! “Chirp! Chirp! 89 at me!” Little Six cried 90 while his brothers and sisters still fought hard, trying to fly up. 76.A.she B.her C.hers D.herself 77.A.a(chǎn) B.a(chǎn)n C.the D./ 78.A.called B.was calling C.was called D.were called 79.A.get B.got C.getting D.to get 80.A.little B.few C.much D.many 81.A.a(chǎn)nd B.but C.because D.so 82.A.what B.why C.when D.that 83.A.before B.a(chǎn)fter C.until D.if 84.A.flap B.to flap C.flapping D.flapped 85.A.early B.earlier C.earliest D.the earliest 86.A.could B.might C.should D.must 87.A.teach B.teaches C.taught D.will teach 88.A.In B.To C.For D.At 89.A.Look B.Looks C.To look D.Looking 90.A.happy B.happier C.happiness D.happily (2023·廣東·統(tǒng)考中考真題) 請通讀下面短文,掌握其大意,根據(jù)語法和上下文連貫的要求,從每小題所給的三個選項中選出一個最佳答案,并將答題卡上對應題目所選的選項涂黑。 David is a 15-year-old boy and he is crazy about space. He always wonders how space stations work. For him, a space camp is 91 than any other camp in the world. At the age of seven, David had 92 first astronaut (宇航員) training experience. He and his parents 93 to a Family Space Camp. They had a taste of what it was like to travel 94 space. Everything was magical. 95 excited David was! David has been to many space camps over the last eight years. Last month, he went to 96 new space camp. It had a lot of fun training programs, 97 he enjoyed all of them. There he was often asked 98 he liked space camps so much. “I feel like a real astronaut in the space camp, and I don’t even need 99 the earth,” he said. These experiences have influenced his life. Now David 100 space science. He has made up his mind to be a space engineer in the future. 91.A.great B.greater C.the greatest 92.A.he B.him C.his 93.A.invited B.a(chǎn)re invited C.were invited 94.A.on B.in C.for 95.A.How B.What C.What an 96.A.a(chǎn) B.a(chǎn)n C.the 97.A.or B.but C.a(chǎn)nd 98.A.why B.when C.where 99.A.leave B.leaving C.to leave 100.A.study B.is studying C.was studying 目錄一復習目標掌握目標及備考方向二考情分析語法選擇中考考情分析三語法選擇 的考向熟練掌握固定搭配、語法等知識 2.掌握簡單有效的解題策略和正確的解題步驟 3.提升必考題型歸納四真題感悟中考語法選擇經(jīng)典考題精選
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