[題型分析]　　主旨大意題旨在考查考生歸納概括以及辨別主要信息和次要信息的能力，是閱讀理解中的高難度題。概括全文大意最簡單的方法就是把每段的大意串起來考慮。該類題主要考查標題歸納題、文章大意題和段落大意題。常見的設(shè)問方式有：　　1．The best title f the passage is_____________．　　2．Which f the fllwing is the best title fr the text?　　3．The passage is mainly abut _____________．　　4．What is the passage mainly abut?　　5．What is the main idea f the secnd paragraph?　　6．What is the mainly abut?
[選項特征]　　1．正確選項特征
題型一　標題歸納題該類題目要求考生在理解文章的基礎(chǔ)上，結(jié)合文章的體裁和結(jié)構(gòu)，從所給的選項中選出適合文章的標題。注意標題的特點：精準性、概括性和新穎性。
[典例1]　(2024·全國甲卷閱讀B)　　Animals can express their needs using a lt f ways. Fr instance, almst all animals have distinct vcals (聲音) that they rely n t either ask fr help, scare away any dangerus animals r lk fr shelter. But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills. They are able t have entire cnversatins with humans using mews and yu're able t interpret it. If a pet cat is hungry, it will keep mewing t attract attentin and find fd. Hwever, when a cat is lking fr affectin, they tend t prduce stretched and sft mews. Mewing starts as sn as a baby cat is brught t life and uses it t get the mther's attentin and be fed.
　　Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive. They use their nses t assess their envirnment and lk ut fr any signs f danger. They will sniff ut specific areas befre they chse a place t relax. Hwever, anther way the cats are able t distinguish between situatins is by lking fr familiar smells. Yur cat will likely smell yur face and stre the smell in its memry and use it t recgnize yu in the future. That's why mst pet cats are able t tell immediately if their wners were arund any ther cats, which they dn't usually like.
　　Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch. Many cats will find randm bjects utside and bring them t their wners. This is a very ld habit that's been present in all kinds f predatrs (食肉動物). Cats bring gifts fr their wners t shw they lve yu. These adrable little hunters are just ding smething that it's been in their nature since the beginning f time. S just g alng with it!
27．What is a suitable title fr the text?A．Tips n Finding a Smart CatB．Understanding Yur Cat's BehavirC．Have Fun with Yur CatD．Hw t Keep Yur Cat Healthy
[解析]　第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞a suitable title fr the text。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文第一段的主題句“But cats are special creatures wh pssess amazing vcalizatin skills.”，可知該段介紹了貓的驚人的發(fā)聲技能；定位到原文第二段的主題句“Cats have many heightened senses, but their sense f smell is quite impressive.”，可知該段介紹了貓的嗅覺敏銳，能夠區(qū)分不同的環(huán)境；定位到原文第三段的主題句“Dgs are knwn fr their impressive fetching habit, but cats take this behavir up a ntch.”，可知該段介紹了貓的令人印象深刻的取物習(xí)慣。采用主題句法，這些都屬于對貓的行為的介紹。第三步：比對選項得出答案。
題型二　文章大意題文章大意題是考查考生深層理解文章以及在速讀中準確定位文章主旨大意的能力。文章中的每一段都是圍繞某一主題展開的，把每個段落的主題句綜合起來就可以概括出全文的中心思想。
[典例2]　(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅱ閱讀C)　　We all knw fresh is best when it cmes t fd. Hwever, mst prduce at the stre went thrugh weeks f travel and cvered hundreds f miles befre reaching the table. While farmer's markets are a slid chice t reduce the jurney, Babyln Micr-Farm (BMF) shrtens it even mre.　　BMF is an indr garden system. It can be set up fr a family. Additinally, it culd serve a larger audience such as a hspital, restaurant r schl. The innvative design requires little effrt t achieve a reliable weekly supply f fresh greens.
　　Specifically, it's a farm that relies n new technlgy. By cnnecting thrugh the Clud, BMF is remtely mnitred. Als, there is a cnvenient app that prvides grwing data in real time. Because the system is autmated, it significantly reduces the amunt f water needed t grw plants. Rather than watering rws f sil, the system prvides just the right amunt t each plant. After harvest, users simply replace the plants with a new pre-seeded pd (容器) t get the next grwth cycle started.
　　Mrever, having a system in the same building where it's eaten means zer emissins (排放) frm transprting plants frm sil t salad. In additin, there's n need fr pesticides and ther chemicals that pllute traditinal farms and the surrunding envirnment.　　BMF emplyees live ut sustainability in their everyday lives. Abut half f them walk r bike t wrk. Inside the ffice, they encurage recycling and waste reductin by limiting garbage cans and aviding single-use plastic.“We are passinate abut reducing waste, carbn and chemicals in ur envirnment，” said a BMF emplyee.
31．What des the text mainly talk abut?A．BMF's majr strengths.B．BMF's general management.C．BMF's glbal influence.D．BMF's technical standards.
[解析]　第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞the text mainly talk abut。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文第一段第三句、第二段第一、二句、第三段第一句、第四段第一句以及第五段第一句可知，借助段落主題句歸納，文章從各個方面凸顯了巴比倫微農(nóng)場公司的優(yōu)勢，如縮短食物運輸距離、節(jié)約用水、無農(nóng)藥使用、減少碳排放等。第三步：比對選項得出答案。
題型三　段落大意題段落大意題主要考查考生用準確的、簡練的語言把一個段落的主要意思明確而完整地表達出來的能力?？忌谧鲱}時要特別注意“首尾兼顧”，即所問段落的首句和尾句。一是因為它們往往體現(xiàn)主旨要義，二是因為利用這些信息可以迅速提煉段落結(jié)構(gòu)框架，在框架下的主旨判斷，其準確性更高。
[典例3]　(2024·新高考全國卷Ⅰ閱讀B片段)　　Leigh Tindale's dg Charlie had a serius heart cnditin. After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared t put him t sleep, but Farber's treatments eased her dg's suffering s much that she was able t keep him alive fr an additinal five mnths. And Priscilla Dewing reprts that her hrse, Nappy, “mves mre easily and rides mre cmfrtably” after a chirpractic adjustment.
26．What des this paragraph mainly talk abut?A．Steps f a chirpractic treatment.B．The cmplexity f veterinarians' wrk.C．Examples f rare animal diseases.D．The effectiveness f hlistic medicine.
[解析]　第一步：閱讀題干，找出關(guān)鍵詞this paragraph mainly talk abut。第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞，定位到原文可知，本段沒有主題句，本段主要介紹了兩個動物經(jīng)過法伯的治療后，病情有所好轉(zhuǎn)。由此可知，本段主要介紹了法伯的整體醫(yī)學(xué)療法所取得的效果。第三步：比對選項得出答案。
A??　　(2024·廣東六校9月聯(lián)考)What d yu want frm life? Perhaps yu want t spend mre time with yur family, r get a mre secure jb, r imprve yur health. But why d yu want thse things? Chances are that yur answer will cme dwn t ne thing: Happiness.
　　Yet there is sme evidence that t much pursuit f happiness is assciated with a greater risk f depressin. Mdern cnceptins f happiness are primarily practical, fcusing n what we might call the techniques f happiness. The cncern is nt what happiness is, but hw t get it.
　　But maximizing pleasure isn't the nly ptin. Every human life, even the mst frtunate, is filled with pain. Painful lss, painful disappintments, the physical pain f injury r sickness, and the mental pain f lng-suffering bredm, lneliness, r sadness. Pain is an unavidable cnsequence f being alive. All the gd things in life invlve suffering. Writing a nvel, running a marathn, r giving birth all cause suffering in pursuit f the final, jyus result.
　　There are ther factrs as well. In the eyes f Aristtle, we get happiness by exercising ur unique human capabilities t think and reasn. But thinking and reasning are as much scial activities as they are individual. Happiness requires thers; it is nt an emtinal state s much as it is the excellence f the relatins we cultivate with ther peple.
　　But even that cannt guarantee happiness. Aristtle recgnised that ur happiness is hstage (人質(zhì)) t frtune. Events beynd any individual's cntrl—war, pverty, and glbal pandemics—will ften make happiness impssible. Happiness is nt a mental state that can be permanently wn, but instead it's a practice which we hne (磨煉), imperfectly, in circumstances nly partly f ur making.
　　Recgnising this will nt secure a gd life, but it will avid the illusry (虛幻的) hpe f permanent cntentment. N life wrth living shuld meet the nly standard. Instead, aim with Aristtle t embrace thse faults and t flwer in spite f them.【語篇解讀】　文章對追求幸福進行了闡述，最終得出的結(jié)論是：人們對幸福的追求并不是完美的。
1．Where can yu find negative effects f fcusing t much n “happiness”？A．In paragraph 2.B．In paragraph 3.C．In paragraph 4.D．In paragraph 5.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Yet there is sme evidence that t much pursuit f happiness is assciated with a greater risk f depressin.”可知，在第二段可以找到過于關(guān)注“幸?！钡呢撁嬗绊?。
2．Hw des the authr prve that pain is an unavidable result f being alive？　A．By making cmparisns.B．By analyzing causes.C．By giving examples.D．By telling stries.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Painful lss, painful disappintments, the physical pain f injury r sickness, and the mental pain f lng-suffering bredm, lneliness, r sadness...”可知，作者通過舉例來證明痛苦是活著不可避免的情緒狀態(tài)。
3．What is Aristtle's view n happiness?A．Happiness is a stable emtinal state.B．Gd persnal relatinships lead t happiness.C．Taking part in scial activities guarantees happiness.D．Happiness prmtes independent thinking and reasning.B　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Happiness requires cultivate with ther peple.”可知，在亞里士多德看來，幸福并不是個體的情感狀態(tài)，因此我們需要與他人培養(yǎng)良好的關(guān)系。
4．What is the passage mainly abut?A．Happiness is what humans pursue frever.B．Happiness lies in the prcess f pursuing it.C．Our pursuit f happiness may be imperfect.D．Depressin and happiness are equally imprtant.C　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章指出現(xiàn)如今人們過分追求幸福而產(chǎn)生負面影響，過分追求幸福、將幸福最大化并不會帶來真正的快樂。因此，人們對幸福的追求并不是完美的。
B??　　(2024·青島二模)The students stand n a pier (碼頭) ver the Harlem River in New Yrk City.They stare dwn int the brwn water.Their teacher, Mr.Rdman, pulls a lng rpe ut f the river.Fastened t the end f the rpe is a metal cage and inside are ysters (牡蠣).
Taking turns, the students measure all the ysters, and then cmpare ntes.The biggest yster is ver 2 inches lng, much bigger than a healthy size fr its age! They als measure the level f xygen.As mre ysters grw, the water shuld becme clearer and hld mre xygen.Als, ther animals shuld mve in.
　　Oysters are sft-bdied animals, and share the underwater cmmunity with plants, fish, and ther life.They are fd fr crabs and ther animals.As new ysters grw, they attach their shells t lder nes, frming big reefs with many small spaces where ther animals live.Oysters eat algae (藻類).If algae grw t fast, they can decrease xygen frm the water—and even fish need xygen t breathe!
　　But what happened t the ysters 100 years ag in New Yrk Harbr? Befre then, lts f ysters lived in these waters.They were shipped t restaurants arund the wrld.By the early 1900s, peple were eating them faster than they culd grw. Pllutin was puring int the waters. The harbr became seriusly plluted.Since the 1970s, new laws have helped reduce pisnus waste.Sme fish started t swim thrugh again.But ysters were still missing—until recently.
　　The Billin Oyster Prject began in 2014 t help bring ysters back t New Yrk Harbr.The prject has recruited (招募) mre than 6，500 students at mre than 100 middle schls and high schls t help grw, distribute, and study the ysters.　　Finally, the students put the ysters back in the lwers the cage int the river.In a few mnths, they will check the cage again.When the ysters are big enugh, they will be mved t jin a healthy reef in the middle f the harbr.
【語篇解讀】　文章介紹了牡蠣在水中起到的作用以及牡蠣在紐約港消失的原因，現(xiàn)在人們正在努力讓這些大自然的助手回歸。
5．Why d students cme t the pier ver the Harlem River?A．T d research.B．T g fishing.C．T buy ysters.D．T clean up the river.A　細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知，學(xué)生們在碼頭測量牡蠣尺寸，水中氧氣含量，由此可知學(xué)生們在進行研究。
6．What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?A．What ysters are like.B．Hw ysters get fed.C．Why algae grw fast.D．What rle ysters play.D　段落大意題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Oysters eat algae. If algae grw t fast, they can decrease xygen frm the water—and even fish need xygen t breathe！”可知，本段主要介紹了牡蠣在水中所起到的作用。
7．What can we learn abut ysters in New Yrk Harbr?A．Peple's lve f eating ysters bsted their numbers.B．Mre ysters than befre lived in waters in the 1900s.C．Plluted water was partly t blame fr the missing f ysters.D．New laws in the 1970s were crucial t ysters' recvery.C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段內(nèi)容可推知，受到污染的影響，牡蠣在紐約港仍不見蹤影。

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