名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。
一、構(gòu)成
引導(dǎo)詞:
連接詞：that（無意義，在從句中不作成分）、if、whether（“是否”的意思，在從句中不作成分）。
連接代詞：what、wh、whm、which、whse等（在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語）。
連接副詞：when、where、why、hw（在從句中作狀語）。
語序：要用陳述句語序，即“引導(dǎo)詞 + 主語 + 謂語 + 其他成分”。
二、用法
主語從句
定義：在復(fù)合句中作主語的從句。例如：That he will cme is certain.（“That he will cme”是主語從句，在句中作主語，表示“他要來”這件事是確定的）。
注意：為避免頭重腳輕，常用it作形式主語，把主語從句放在后面。比如：It's a pity that yu missed the party.（真正的主語是“that yu missed the party”）。
賓語從句
定義：在復(fù)合句中作賓語的從句。例如：I think (that) yu are right.
（“that yu are right”是賓語從句，作think的賓語）。
位置：在及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或某些形容詞（如sure、glad等）后。
表語從句
定義：在復(fù)合句中作表語的從句，位于系動(dòng)詞之后。
例如：The prblem is wh can help us.（“wh can help us”是表語從句，跟在系動(dòng)詞is之后，
說明問題是“誰能幫助我們”）。
同位語從句
定義：用于解釋說明前面某一名詞的內(nèi)容。
例如：The news that ur team wn the game made us excited.
（“that ur team wn the game”是同位語從句，用來解釋說明news的內(nèi)容，
即“我們隊(duì)贏了比賽”這個(gè)消息）。
特點(diǎn)：常跟同位語從句的名詞有news、fact、idea、prmise等。
Grammar主語從句
主語從句的用法精講：
一、主語從句
1、定義：在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語的從句叫作主語從句。主語從句可以直接放在句首，
也可以用形式主語it代替,將主語從句放在句末。
2、判斷一個(gè)句子是否是主語從句的訣竅：
首先，看句子結(jié)構(gòu)。如果一個(gè)從句在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)主語，那它就是主語從句。例如在句子
“What he said is very imprtant.”中，“What he said”這個(gè)從句在整個(gè)句子中作主語，所以它是主語從句。
其次，觀察從句位置。主語從句通常位于句首，但有時(shí)為了避免句子頭重腳輕，會(huì)用it作形式主語，
將主語從句后置。像“It's a pity that yu can't cme.”這里真正的主語是“that yu can't cme”，它是主語從句，被后置了，而it是形式主語。
最后，留意引導(dǎo)詞。主語從句常由一些特定的引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)，如that（無實(shí)際意義）、whether（是否）、
what（……的事物）、wh（誰）、when（什么時(shí)候）、where（什么地方）、why（為什么）、hw（怎樣）等?？吹竭@些引導(dǎo)詞引導(dǎo)的從句在句首作主語或者在形式主語it后作真正主語，就可以判斷是主語從句。
例如“Whether we will have a picnic depends n the weather.”中“Whether we will have a picnic”
就是主語從句。
二、主語從句的結(jié)構(gòu)
1、主語從句的引導(dǎo)詞
主語從句中選擇連接詞的方法：
（1)根據(jù)連接詞在從句中所作的語法成分。
(2)根據(jù)連接詞在從句中的意義。
2、it作形式主語
為了保持句子平衡，常把主語從句后置，而用形式主語it代替。it作形式主語時(shí)常用于以下句型：
【特別提醒】
（1）在“It+ be+過去分詞+主語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，過去分詞若為suggested/rdered/required/advised等， 主語從句中的謂語用“(shuld）d”。
(2）在“It+ be+形容詞+主語從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，若形容詞為imprtant/necessary/strange等，主語從句中的謂語用“(shuld)d”。
二、主語從句中應(yīng)注意的問題
1、從句要用陳述語序
2、主謂一致
（1）從句作主語時(shí)，主句的謂語一般用單數(shù)形式。
what 引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，有時(shí)主句謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主句中作表語的名詞保持一致。
如果由and連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的主語從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；
由兩個(gè)或多個(gè)連接詞 引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
3、單個(gè)主語從句作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式
that引導(dǎo)的主語從句:that在從句中不作任何成分,沒有詞義,只起連接作用,且不能省略
(1)that置于句首的主語從句。
the cllege will take in mre students is true.
這所大學(xué)要招收更多的新生是真的。
it作形式主語,that引導(dǎo)的主語從句后置。
①It+be+adj.+that 從句。
It's bvius that they badly need help.很明顯,他們急需援助。
②It+be+名詞(短語)+that從句。
rder, is a pity that yu missed the film.
你沒看這部電影太可惜了.
③It+be+過去分詞+that從句,常用句型如下:
It is said that...據(jù)說……
It is reprted that...據(jù)報(bào)道.…
It is suggested that...據(jù)建議……
It is well-knwn that... 眾所周知
It is hped that...人們希望.…
is suggested that we shuld set ut at dawn.據(jù)建議我們應(yīng)該黎明時(shí)出發(fā)。
It is reprted that the supplies will be delivered t the area tmrrw.
據(jù)報(bào)道補(bǔ)給品明天會(huì)運(yùn)往該地區(qū)。
It is said that n ne will be interested in buying such an expensive car.
據(jù)說沒人有興趣買這樣一輛昂貴的車。
④It+不及物動(dòng)詞(短語)+that 從句,常用于此句式的動(dòng)詞(短語)有形式主
seem, appear,matter(有關(guān)系),happen(碰巧),ccur t sb.(某人突然想到),turn ut(結(jié)果是)等。
seems that he has seen the film.
似乎他已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。
It happened that the tw cheats were there.碰巧這兩個(gè)騙子在那里。
It turned ut that he was the ne wh made the mistake
主語從句精準(zhǔn)考點(diǎn)練習(xí)題精講：
1. _______ yu dn't like him is nne f my business.
A. What B. Wh C. That D. Whether
答案：C。解析：“____ yu dn't like him”是主語從句，從句意思完整，不缺成分，用that引導(dǎo)，在句中無實(shí)際意義。
2. It remains a mystery _______ the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids.
A. hw B. that C. which D. what
答案：A。解析：這里it是形式主語，真正的主語從句是“____ the ancient Egyptians built the pyramids”，從句中缺少方式狀語，意思是“古埃及人是怎樣建造金字塔的”，所以用hw。
3. _______ has caused this severe accident is still a mystery.
A. What B. That C. Hw D. Where
答案：A。解析：“____ has caused this severe accident”是主語從句，從句中缺少主語，“什么導(dǎo)致了這場嚴(yán)重的事故”，用what。
4、_______ makes this bk s extrardinary is the creative imaginatin f the writer.
A. That B. What C. Wh D. Which
- 答案：B
- 解題思路：分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，“_______ makes this bk s extrardinary”是主語從句，在這個(gè)從句中，缺少一個(gè)表示“什么”的詞作主語，因?yàn)閺木涞闹^語動(dòng)詞是“makes”，需要一個(gè)能充當(dāng)主語的成分。“that”在主語從句中無實(shí)際意義，且不能充當(dāng)成分；“wh”表示人，不符合題意；“which”表示“哪一個(gè)”，也不符合語境。而“what”有“……的東西/事情”的意思，可以在從句中充當(dāng)主語，所以應(yīng)該選B。
5、It is still under discussin _______ the ld bus statin shuld be replaced with a mdern htel r nt.
A. whether B. when C. which D. where
- 答案：A
- 解題思路：這是一個(gè)含有主語從句的句子，“it”是形式主語，真正的主語是后面的從句。從句中有“r nt”，表示“是否”，在主語從句中，表示“是否”且能與“r nt”搭配的引導(dǎo)詞是“whether”，“when”表示時(shí)間，“which”表示“哪一個(gè)”，“where”表示地點(diǎn)，都不符合語境，所以選A。
二、用適當(dāng)?shù)囊龑?dǎo)詞填空
1. _______ will win the game is still unknwn.
答案：Wh。解析：“____ will win the game”是主語從句，從句中缺少表示人的主語，“誰會(huì)贏得比賽”，所以填Wh。
2. _______ he left withut saying gdbye made me angry.
答案：That。解析：“____ he left withut saying gdbye”是主語從句，從句意思完整，用that引導(dǎo)。
三、翻譯句子并指出主語從句部分
1. 他什么時(shí)候回來對我們的計(jì)劃很重要。
答案：When he will cme back is very imprtant fr ur plan. 主語從句部分是“When he will cme back”。
2. 她所說的可能是真的。
答案：What she said might be true. 主語從句部分是“What she said”。
主語從句考點(diǎn)練習(xí)題精練：
1．It is bvius t the students ______ they shuld get well prepared fr their future.
A．a(chǎn)sB．whichC．whetherD．that
2．The limits f a persn’s intelligence, generally speaking, are fixed at birth, but ______ he reaches these limits will depend n his envirnment.
A．whetherB．whereC．thatD．why
3．It desn’t matter _________yu turn right r left at the crssing ---bth rads lead t the park.
A．whetherB．hwC．ifD．when
4．________ was mst imprtant t her, she tld me, was t keep healthy.
A．ItB．This
C．WhatD．As
5．- We've nly gt this small bkcase. Will that d?
- N, _ _ I am lking fr is smething much bigger and strnger.
A．whB．thatC．whatD．which
6． I want t tell yu is the deep lve and respect I have fr my parents.
A．ThatB．WhichC．WhetherD．What
7．________ makes the bk s extrardinary is the creative imaginatin f the writer.
A．ThatB．What
C．WhD．Which
8．It has been prved______eating vegetables in childhd helps t prtect yu against serius illnesses in later life.
A．ifB．becauseC．whenD．that
9．It is nt immediately clear ______ the financial crisis will sn be ver.
A．sinceB．what
C．whenD．whether
10．________ yu said at the meeting describes a bright future fr the cmpany.
A．WhenB．Hw
C．WhatD．That
11．_____Maca has achieved shws _____"ne cuntry, tw systems" principle is the best slutin t the Maca and Hngkng questin, left by histry.
A．That; whatB．What; thatC．What; whatD．That; that
12．_____ I watch TV, I'll turn it dwn and never make any nise.
— Gd._____yu are ding shuld never disturb thers_____hw imprtant yu are, never frget abut hw thers feel.
A．Whenever ; N matter what ; N matterB．Whenever; Whatever; N matter
C．N matter when; N matter what; /D．N matter when; Whatever; /
13．________ Albert Einstein left behind is the mst prfund ideas ________ frm the fundatin f mdern physics tday.
A．That; whatB．That; whichC．What; whichD．What; that
14．It is n use _____ fr yur mistakes nw. _____ yu need t d is crrect them as sn as pssible.
A．crying; WhatB．crying; ThatC．t cry; ThatD．t cry; What
15．________he tld was the news__________ Lucy had achieved success，________，f curse，made Lucy's parents feel very excited．
A．What； that； whichB．That； which； which
C．What； which； whatD．That； that；what
16．________Jhn will win the cmpetitin remains a secret till next mnth．
A．WhenB．ThatC．WhetherD．What
17． ______ is surprising t us is that Tm, fr ______ English was nce bring, can speak English fluently as thugh he were a native speaker.
A．What; whmB．What; whse
C．It; whseD．As; whm
18．______ the mther really dubts is______her sn will jin the army sn.
A．That; whatB．What; whetherC．That; whetherD．What; that
19．Thanks t advances in technlgy, ____________we make friends and cmmunicate with them has changed significantly.
A．whyB．whetherC．hwD．where
20．_____ they wn the game was ______ we had expected.
A．That; whichB．Whether; thatC．What; thatD．That; what
Grammar賓語從句
一、賓語從句的用法精講
在復(fù)合句中作主句賓語的從句叫賓語從句。賓語從句可分為動(dòng)詞的賓語從句、介詞的賓語從句和形容詞的賓語從句。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞有連詞：that, whether, if；連接代詞：wh, whm, whse, what, which, whever, whmever, whatever, whichever；連接副詞：when, whenever, where, wherever, hw, hwever, why。賓語從句必須用陳述句語序，即:連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分
（一）判斷一個(gè)句子是否是賓語從句訣竅：
首先看句子結(jié)構(gòu)，在主從復(fù)合句中，如果從句在及物動(dòng)詞、介詞或者某些形容詞之后作賓語，
那這個(gè)從句很可能是賓語從句。例如，“I knw (that) he is a gd student.”，其中“knw”是及物動(dòng)詞，
“he is a gd student”這個(gè)從句作“knw”的賓語。

其次，賓語從句一般有連接詞來引導(dǎo)，像that（可省略）、if、whether、what、wh等。例如，“She asked me if I culd help her.”，“if”引導(dǎo)的從句在“asked”這個(gè)動(dòng)詞后作賓語。
（二）結(jié)構(gòu)：
1. 連詞that, whether, if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
that, whether, if在賓語從句中不作成分，只起連接作用。that無意義，可以省略；whether/if意為“是否”，不可省略。
He said (that) he wuld help us. 他說他會(huì)幫助我們。
I think (that) yu are right. 我認(rèn)為你是對的。
We dubt whether/if he will cme. 我們懷疑他是否要來。
速記口訣：
采用"缺什么用什么"的原則,什么意義都不缺用 that,表“是否"用whether/ if。
特別提醒：
dubt用法總結(jié):
①作動(dòng)詞否定句:that肯定句:whether/if
②作名詞一肯定句:whether
否定句:that
is n dubt that he will becme cnfident.
毫無疑問他會(huì)變得自信. I dn't dubt that yu have the ability t take charge f the whle firm.我相信你有能力掌管整個(gè)公司。
2. 連接代詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
wh, whm, whse, what, which, whever, whmever, whatever, whichever等引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在賓語從句中可以作主語、賓語、表語或定語，有具體的意思且不能省略。
D yu knw wh they are waiting fr? 你知道他們在等誰嗎？
I dn’t knw whse bk this is. 我不知道這是誰的書。
Pay attentin t what the teacher said. 注意老師所說的話。
Give a reading list t whever cmes. 給所有來的人一份閱讀書目。
I will take whichever bk interests me. 我愿買任何讓我感興趣的書。
3. 連接副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
when, whenever, where, wherever, hw, hwever, why等引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在賓語從句中可以作狀語，有具體的意思且不能省略。
I dn’t knw when we will meet again. 我不知道我們何時(shí)才能再見面。
D yu knw why he was late? 你知道他為什么遲到嗎？
I dn’t mind hwever late yu cme. 我不介意你來得多么晚。
4. it作形式賓語，代替賓語從句
①feel, find, think, cnsider, believe, make等后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語，而將that從句后置。（即結(jié)構(gòu)：feel/find/think/cnsider/believe/make…+it+OC+that…）
We feel it ur duty that we shuld make ur cuntry a better place.
我們覺得使我們的國家成為一個(gè)更好的地方是我們的責(zé)任。
We all find it imprtant that we shuld learn English well. 我們都發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語是重要的。
He made it quite clear that he preferred cffee t tea. 他很明確地說他喜歡咖啡勝過茶。
I think it best that yu shuld seek fr a new slutin t the prblem.
我認(rèn)為你最好尋找一個(gè)解決該問題的新辦法。
②有些動(dòng)詞或短語后一般不直接接賓語從句，需在賓語從句前加it作形式賓語，這類動(dòng)詞有hate, like, dislike, lve, hide, hear, take, see t, depend n, rely n, cunt n, enjy, appreciate, answer fr, feel like, be fnd f等。（即結(jié)構(gòu)：hate/like/dislike…+it+賓語從句）
I hate it when yu lk at me like that. 我不喜歡你看我的樣子。
I will appreciate it if yu can help me. 如果你能幫助我，我將不勝感激。
Please see t it that yu bring enugh mney when yu g ut. 出門時(shí)請務(wù)必帶足夠的錢。
They will answer fr it that the cmputer is reliable. 他們愿意保證這臺電腦是可靠的。
5. 賓語從句可以跟在及物動(dòng)詞（短語）后面，也可以跟在某些介詞后面，還可以跟在某些形容詞的后面。
He says that he cmes frm Lianyungang. 他說他來自連云港。
We always mean what we say. 我們向來說話算話。
Our success depends n hw well we can cperate with ne anther.
我們的成功取決于我們互相之間合作得如何。
He ges t the library every day except when it is raining.
除了天下雨外，他每天都去圖書館。
I like the bk in that it is mre interesting. 我喜歡這本書因?yàn)樗腥ぁ?br>I am interested in hw we use cmputer. 我對如何使用電腦感興趣。
I’m sure that they will win. 我確信他們會(huì)贏。
I’m afraid that he is ill. 恐怕他病了。
6. 賓語從句的否定轉(zhuǎn)移
若主句的主語為第一人稱且為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think, believe, imagine, suppse, cnsider, expect, fancy, guess等時(shí)，從句的否定一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來。其反意疑問句的主語要與賓語從句中的主語保持一致，附加問句用肯定形式。
I dn’t think yu are right. 我認(rèn)為你不對。
I dn’t believe that he will keep his wrd. 我認(rèn)為他不會(huì)守信的。
We dn’t suppse that it is his fault, is it? 我們認(rèn)為那不是他的過錯(cuò)，是不是？
7. 復(fù)雜的特殊疑問句（又稱雙重疑問句）
在某些賓語從句中，賓語從句的連接代詞或連接副詞常被移到主句之前，構(gòu)成特殊疑問形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：特殊疑問詞+d yu think+賓語從句的其他部分（用陳述語序）？常見的用于此結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有think, believe, imagine, suppse, cnsider, expect, fancy, guess, hpe, say等。
What d yu think we will d next? 你認(rèn)為我們下一步該怎么辦？
Wh d yu guess is n duty tday? 你認(rèn)為今天誰值日？
Hw d yu say they will g t Beijing? 你說他們將怎樣去北京？
8. 使用賓語從句使用訣竅：
①在賓語從句中連詞that常省略，但在以下幾種情況下不可以省略。在某些動(dòng)詞如agree, argue, hld, bserve, remark, state等之后that習(xí)慣上不省略；形式賓語it后that不能省略；動(dòng)詞和that從句中間有插入成分時(shí)不能省略；介詞后面有that不能省略；有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的賓語從句并列時(shí)，第一個(gè)that可以省略，其余的都不能省略。
He remarked that it was getting late. 他說天色漸晚了。
We hld that he is wrng. 我們認(rèn)為他錯(cuò)了。
He made it quite clear that he preferred cffee t tea. 他很明確地說他喜歡咖啡勝過茶。
They will answer fr it that the cmputer is reliable. 他們愿意保證這臺電腦是可靠的。
They tld us nce again that the situatin was serius. 他們又一次告訴我們說形勢很嚴(yán)重。
The bus is empty except that there is an ld lady in it.
除了有位老太太外，那輛公共汽車是空的。
I like the bk in that it is mre interesting. 我喜歡這本書因?yàn)樗腥ぁ?br>I think (that) he needs sme help and that we shuld help him.
我認(rèn)為他需要幫助，我們應(yīng)該幫助他。
②在賓語從句中連詞whether, if常可互換，但在以下幾種情況下不可以互換。賓語從句為否定句時(shí)，只能用if；在介詞后面時(shí)，只能用whether；緊跟r nt時(shí)，只能用whether；后接不定式時(shí)，只能用whether；某些動(dòng)詞（discuss, dubt, leave, put）后只能用whether；賓語從句位于句首時(shí)，只能用whether；在引起歧義的情況下，應(yīng)用whether。
I care if he desn’t cme. 我介意他是否不來。
I’m nt sure f whether it will rain. 我不能確定天是否下雨。
I dn’t care whether r nt she will attend the meeting. 我根本不關(guān)心她是否參加會(huì)議。
I haven’t decided whether t g there by bus. 我還沒有決定是否做公交車去那兒。
We discussed whether we shuld make a change in ur plan. 我們討論是否改動(dòng)我們計(jì)劃。
Whether he can finish the wrk r nt, I can’t say. 他是否能完成這項(xiàng)工作，我說不準(zhǔn)。
Please let me knw whether yu need my help. 請讓我知道你是否需要我?guī)兔Α?br>③在“堅(jiān)持、命令、建議、要求”等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中，要用虛擬語氣，即shuld+動(dòng)詞原形，shuld可以省略。常見的動(dòng)詞有：insist; rder, cmmand; advise, suggest, prpse, recmmend; demand, require, desire, request等。（即：一堅(jiān)持二命令四建議四要求。）
He insisted that he (shuld) be sent t Tibet. 他堅(jiān)決要求被派往西藏。
The fficer rdered that the sldiers (shuld) start at nce.
那位軍官命令戰(zhàn)士們應(yīng)該馬上動(dòng)身。
④賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)主句中的謂語是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)時(shí)，從句中的謂語不受主句謂語時(shí)態(tài)的影響，可以根據(jù)需要使用任何時(shí)態(tài); 當(dāng)主句謂語是過去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)；若從句敘述的是客觀真理或事實(shí)時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
She says that she wrks every day. 她說她每天工作。（從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）
She says that she will leave fr Shanghai tmrrw.
她說明天她要?jiǎng)由砣ド虾！＃◤木溆靡话銓頃r(shí)）
She says that she has never been t Munt Emei.
她說她從未去過峨眉山。（從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）
He said that there were n classes yesterday. 他說昨天沒有課。（從句用一般過去時(shí)）
He said that he wuld attend a party. 他說他要參加一個(gè)聚會(huì)。（從句用過去將來時(shí)）
He said that he had never been t Yunnan. 他說他從未去過云南。（從句用過去完成時(shí)）
He said that the earth is rund. 他說地球是圓的。（客觀事實(shí)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）
賓語從句精準(zhǔn)考點(diǎn)賓語精練：
1) It is generally cnsidered unwise t give a child __________ he r she wants.
2) I am sure that __________ he said is true.
3) I dn’t dubt __________ he’ll cme.
4) This depends n __________ the weather is fine.
5) I’ve heard __________ said that Princess Harly was put int prisn because f illegal behavir.
6) Everyne culd see, I believe, _____________ Mike was very terrified.
7) I think that yu have dne yur best and _____________ everything will g well.
8) I’d appreciate it if yu culd let me knw in advance _____________ r nt yu will cme.
9) We chse this htel because the price fr a night here is dwn t $20, half f ________ it used t charge.
10) As a new graduate, he desn’t knw ___________ it takes t start a business here.
11) D nt let any failures discurage yu, fr yu can never tell ___ clse yu may be t victry.
12) He insisted that he _________ (be) in gd health and that he _________ (send) t wrk there.
13) The teacher tld us that light __________ (travel) much faster than sund.
14) The dctr recmmended that yu _______________ (nt swim) after eating a large meal.
15) It is requested that all members __________________ (be) present at the meeting.
Grammar表語從句
表語從句的用法精講
定義：在句中充當(dāng)表語的從句(即放在系動(dòng)詞后面)叫做表語從句。
一、判斷一個(gè)句子是表語從句訣竅：
首先，表語從句在主從復(fù)合句中位于系動(dòng)詞之后，像be動(dòng)詞（am、is、are等）、感官系動(dòng)詞（feel、lk、smell等）、變化系動(dòng)詞（becme、get等）之后，對主語進(jìn)行解釋、說明或者描述。例如，“The prblem is that we dn't have enugh time.”，句子中的“is”是系動(dòng)詞，“that we dn't have enugh time”是表語從句，用于說明“問題”是什么。

其次，表語從句也有連接詞引導(dǎo)，如that、whether、as if、because等。例如，“It lks as if it's ging t rain.”，“as if”引導(dǎo)的表語從句用于說明主語“it”（天氣）呈現(xiàn)出的狀況。
二、結(jié)構(gòu)：
1、 that引導(dǎo)的表語從句
that為從屬連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分，無詞義，只起引導(dǎo)作用，在非正式語體中that也可以省略，表示確定的陳述，位于從句句首。
My advice is that we shuld set ff earlier.
The answer is they didn’t call me Jim.
2 、 whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句
whether為從屬連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分，有詞義，只起引導(dǎo)作用，在非正式語體中是可以省略的，表示不確定的陳述，位于從句句首。
The questin is whether we shuld accept his invitatin.
3、 疑問詞或連接詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句
疑問詞或連接詞為代詞或副詞，充當(dāng)成分，有詞義，一般不省略，表示疑問或陳述，位于從句句首。
That’s why we put ff the meeting.
注1：reasn后跟表語從句時(shí)，一般只用that而不用because/why引導(dǎo)。
eg:The reasn why he came late yesterday was that he was ill at hme.
4、從屬連詞as/as if/as thugh/because/why也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。
Things were nt as they seemed t be.
It lked as if it was ging t rain.
That’s because he didn’t wrk hard fr the cmpany.
That’s why I asked fr a week’s leave.
三、使用虛擬語氣的表語從句
在表示建議、勸告、命令含義的名詞后的表語從句，謂語動(dòng)詞需用“shuld+動(dòng)詞原形” 表示，shuld可省略。常見的詞有：advice，suggestin，rder，prpsal，plan，idea等
e.g. My suggestin is that we (shuld) start early tmrrw.
四、常用句型：
主語+be+表語從句
①代詞+be+表語從句
It/This/That +be+表語從句
eg. This is what I want. 這就是我想要的東西。
That is because I lack mney.那是因?yàn)槲胰卞X。
②名詞+be+表語從句
eg. Knwledge is what I lng fr.知識就是我渴望的東西。
The reasn was that she gt up late.
有改錯(cuò)題時(shí)：The reasn was because she gt up late. (because→that)
=That is because she gt up late.
③名詞+定語從句+be+ 表語從句
eg. Knwledge that is useful is what I lng fr. 有用的知識就是我渴望的東西。
④主語從句+be+表語從句
eg. What is useful is what I lng fr. 有用的東西就是我渴望的。
What I hpe is that yu can accept my invitatin.
表語從句精準(zhǔn)考點(diǎn)精練題：
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
( ) 1 —He was brn here. -- That is _______ he likes the place s much.
A. that B. what C. why D. hw
( ) 2 That is ______ Lu Xun lived.
A. what B. where C. that D. why
( ) 3 America was __________was first called “India” by Clumbus.
A. what B. where C. the place D. there where
( ) 4 China is becming strnger and strnger. It is n lnger_________ .
A. what it used t be B. what it was used t being
C. what it used t being D. what it was used t be
( ) 5 ________he really means is ________he disagrees with us.
A. What … that B. That … that C. What … what D. That … what
( ) 6 The energy is ________ makes the cells able t d their wrk.
A. that B. which C. what D. such
( ) 7 The reasn is _________ I missed the bus.
A. that B. when C. why D. what
( ) 8 The reasn why he failed is ________he was t careless.
A. because B. that C. fr D. because f
( ) 9 G and get yur cat. It’ s ________yu left it
A. where B. there C. there where D. where there
( ) 10 The questin is ________ we will have ur sprts meet next week.
A. that B. if C. when D. whether
二、單句語法填空
1. This is I can d fr yu right nw.
2. The reasn fr his success is he wrked hard.
3. That’s he refused my invitatin.
4. The reasn why he can make his dream cme true is he has a quality f perseverance.
5. What the dctrs really dubt is _________ my mther will recver frm the serius disease sn.
6. The reasn __________ she preferred city life is_________she can have easy access t places like shps and restaurants.
7. Teacher's develpment is _________ the key t better educatin lies.
8.This mdern htel, in_________ the visitrs can enjy the best service in the city, is _________Mary
stayed last time.
9. The questin is _____ he can arrive at the htel n time r nt.
10. My suggestin is ______ we shuld tell him the truth.
11. The questin is _______ the mvie is wrth watching.
12. The pint is _____ much time we shuld spend n the task.
13. What I am trying t find ut is _________ bus I shuld take.
14. If I am very sleep, it is _________ I stayed up all night.
15. The prblem is _______ we can find him. At schl r in the shpping centre?
Grammar同位語從句
同位語從句的用法精講
定義：同位語從句是對中心詞具體內(nèi)容的解釋和說明。中心詞一般是news, fact, idea, infrmatin,
cnclusin, prblem, suggestin, evidence, belief, prmise等抽象名詞。
特別提醒：
分隔式/間隔式同位語從句：若主句的謂語較短，同位語從句較長，通常把同位語從句后置，從而構(gòu)成分隔式/間隔式同位語從句。這時(shí)，要根據(jù)語意并仔細(xì)分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，才能做出準(zhǔn)確判斷。
When the news came that the war brke ut, he decided t serve in the army.
一、判斷一個(gè)句子是同位語從句訣竅：
首先看位置，同位語從句通常緊跟在抽象名詞（如fact、idea、news、hpe、belief、thught等）之后，用于對這個(gè)名詞的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行解釋說明。例如，“The fact that he wn the first prize made his parents very happy.”，從句“that he wn the first prize”是對“fact”的具體內(nèi)容的闡釋。
其次看引導(dǎo)詞，同位語從句常用that引導(dǎo)，在從句中不充當(dāng)句子成分，只起連接作用。不過也有用when、where、why、whether等引導(dǎo)的情況。比如，“I have n idea when he will cme
二、用法
1、 that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句
that為從屬連詞，引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)，that不充當(dāng)任何成分，無詞義，只起引導(dǎo)作用，一般不省略，
表示確定的陳述。
eg: The news that they wn the match is true.
2、 whether引導(dǎo)的同位語從句
whether為從屬連詞，不充當(dāng)任何成分，有詞義，只起引導(dǎo)作用，一般不省略，表示不確定的陳述。
eg: The questin whether it is right r wrng depends n situatin. He was trtured by the dubt whether he wuld accept their presents.
3、疑問詞或連接詞引導(dǎo)的同位語從句 疑問詞或連接詞為代詞或副詞，充當(dāng)成分，有詞義，一般不省略，表示疑問或陳述。
eg: I have n idea what has happened t him.
三、常見的同位語從句高級句型
(1) There is n denying that + 主語 + 謂語……(不可否認(rèn)的……)
e.g. There is n denying that the qualities f ur living have gne frm bad t wrse.
(2) There is n dubt that 從句(毫無疑問的……)
e.g. There is n dubt that ur educatinal system leaves smething t be desired.
注意： There is sme dubt+ when/whether/what/where/wh…不可以用that
四、同位語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別
(1)從句的作用不同：
①定語從句是先行詞的修飾語，它不涉及先行詞的具體內(nèi)容。定語從句中that不但起連接作用，而且在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)句子成分，充當(dāng)從句的賓語成分時(shí)可省略。
②同位語從句對中心詞的內(nèi)容作進(jìn)一步的解釋和說明，表明中心詞的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that 在同位語從句中不做任何成分,只起連接作用,無具體含義,且不可省略.
e.g. We expressed the hpe that they had expressed. (定語從句)
We expressed the hpe that they wuld cme t China again. (同位語從句)
(2)被修飾的詞不同：
①定語從句的先行詞是任何名詞都可以；
②同位語從句的中心詞只能是抽象名詞（無法用化學(xué)符號表示），常見 news, truth, fact, idea, infrmatin, cnclusin, prblem, suggestin, evidence, belief, prmise等。
(3)引導(dǎo)詞不同：
定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞沒有 what, hw, whether等，而且that充當(dāng)從句的成分；同位語從句可以用 what, hw, whether等，同事that不充當(dāng)從句的成分。
Eg. I knw the man that is under the tree.(定語從句)
I have a questin whether the future will be better.
We heard the news that ur team had wn．
同位語從句精準(zhǔn)考點(diǎn)精練題：
一、單項(xiàng)選擇
1. The manager put frward a suggestin ____ we shuld have an assistant．There is t much wrk t d.
A．whether B．that C．which D．what
2. Mdern science has given clear evidence ____________smking can lead t many diseases.
A. what B. which C. that D. where
3. I have n idea____________Mike refused an ffer frm Yale University yesterday, which is ne f his favurite universities.
A. what B. which C. that D. why
4. There is sme dubt____________Chinese wmen vlleyball team will win the gld medal in Ri Olympic Games.
A. hw B. that C. whether D. this
5. The nurses are trying their best t reduce the patient's fear_________ he wuld die f the disease.
A. wh B. that C. whether D. where
6. A prblem has ccurred _________we shuld develp innvative thinking abilities in the classrms by giving students pprtunities t generate new ideas.
A. whm B. what C. whether D. where
7. With yur help, there is n dubt _________ ur plan is meant fr what will wrk ut successfully.
A. wh B. that C. whether D. where
8. The news came, as expected, _________ my cusin was chsen t be a freign aid dctr t g t Africa where peple are suffering a lt frm aids.
A. if B. that C. whether D. hw
9. She held a strng belief _____ the educatin her sn received wuld enable him t be a useful man.
A. that B. what C. hw D. which
10. We still have sme dubt _________ they can cmplete the task n time.
A. if B. that C. whether D. wh
二、單句語法填空
1.Recently, a new research has suggested the pssibility in a ppular magazine ________ pleasant smells might reduce pain.
2. They expressed the hpe _________ they wuld cme ver t visit China again.
3. I have n idea ________the by is ding in the next rm nw.
4.The questin ________ shuld d the wrk is being discussed at the meeting.
5. We haven’t yet settled the questin ________we are ging t spend ur summer vacatin this year.
6. The news ________ Mr. Li will be ur new English teacher is true.
7. I have n idea ________ they were able t get it dne in s shrt a time.
8. When yu are in bed, please set aside the thught yu have t fall asleep.
9. Yu have n idea anxius I have been fr her safety.
10. He wrked very hard. It’s n wnder ______ he gt the first prize.
類別
例詞
說明
從屬連詞
that, whether
兩者在從句中均不作成分，只起連接作用；that 無實(shí)義，whether表示“是否”
連接代詞
wh, what, which, whever, whatever 等
在從句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。
連接副詞
when, where, hw, why等
在從句中作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、原因狀語等成分。
句型
說明
It+系動(dòng)詞+形容詞+主語從句
常用于此句型的形容詞有 imprtant，(un）likely，pssible, necessary, natural, wrng等。
It+系動(dòng)詞+名詞+主語從句
常用于此句型的名詞有fact, idea, hnur, questin, pity等
It+系動(dòng)詞+過去分詞+主語從句
常用于此句型的過去分詞，有knwn, prved, said, decided, suggested, thught等
It+不及物動(dòng)詞+主語從句
常用于此句型的動(dòng)詞有appear, happen, seem, ccur, matter等。

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英語朗讀寶

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