讓步狀語從句是狀語從句中的一種。
一般翻譯為"盡管……即使……"就是我們?nèi)粘I钪杏玫模⑼艘徊秸f……"的感覺。
引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞主要有以下這些:thugh, althugh, as; even if, even thugh; ; n matter+疑問詞,疑問詞-ever。下面對(duì)這些連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句作一說明。
1. althugh/thugh引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
althugh和thugh,都作"雖然;盡管"解,通??梢該Q用,althugh的語氣較重。如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)"但是"語氣,可使用yet,still或nevertheless來表示"但是"、"依然"或"然而"之意。
Althugh they have been talking fr a lng time, he cannt make her believe him.
雖然和她談了半天,他還是不能讓她信任自己。
We had t wait half an hur ________we had already bked a table.
A. sinceB. althughC. until D. befre
【參考答案】B
2. even if/even thugh引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
(1)even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
even if "即使,縱然",從句表示的是尚未發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的情況。
Even if it rains tmrrw, we wn’t change ur plan. 即使明天下雨,我們也決不改變計(jì)劃。
Even if I failed again, I will nt give up the experiment. 即使我再次失敗,我也決不會(huì)放棄實(shí)驗(yàn)。
(2) even thugh引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
even thugh"雖然,盡管",從句所表示的是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的情況,通??梢院蚢lthugh/thugh換用。
Even thugh I didn’t understand a wrd, I kept smiling. 即使我一個(gè)字也不懂,我還是保持微笑。
Even thugh yu say s, I d nt believe it. 即使你這樣說,我也不信。
(2016·北京卷﹒單項(xiàng)填空)My grandfather still plays tennis nw and then, _______________ he’s in his nineties.
A. as lng as B. as if C. even thugh D. in case
【參考答案】C
3. as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),意為"盡管,雖然",從句多位于主句之前,而且必須使用倒裝語序。通常如果從句中有形容詞或名詞作表語,則把表語置于句首,而且名詞前要省略冠詞;如果從句中有修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞,則將該副詞置于句首;如果從句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,則將情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞原形置于句首。此用法與thugh的倒裝完全一致。(althugh無此用法)
Much as I admire his curage, I dn’t think he acted wisely. 我雖然佩服他的勇氣,但我認(rèn)為他這樣做是不聰明的。
Strng as yu maybe, yu cannt lift it. 雖然你可能很有力氣,你卻無法把它提起來。
Child as he is, he is very brave.盡管他還是個(gè)孩子,但是他很勇敢。
1._________, his idea was accepted by all the peple at the meeting.
A. Strange as might it sund
B. As it might sund strange
C. As strange it might sund
D. Strange as it might sund
2._________, Carlina culdn’t get the dr pen.
A. Try as she mightB. As she might try
C. She might as try D. Might she as try
【參考答案】1.D 2.A
【答案解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,以上兩題都是有as引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句,因此要要倒裝語序。
4. while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
while"雖然,盡管",多用于正式文體,且多位于句首,相當(dāng)于althugh。
While I understand yur pint f view, I d nt share it. 我雖了解你的觀點(diǎn),但不敢茍同。
While I sympathize, I really can’t d very much t help. 雖然我很同情,但我確實(shí)幫不了什么忙。
(2016·浙江卷﹒單項(xiàng)填空)_____________ nline shpping has changed ur life, nt all f its effects have been psitive.
A. SinceB. AfterC. WhileD. Unless
【參考答案】C
5. 疑問詞-ever與n matter+疑問詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
(1)whatever/n matter what引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
whatever和n matter what用法相同,都作"無論什么"解,后者多用于非正式文體。
Whatever/N matter what he says, dn’t g. 不管他說什么,你都不要走。
We are determined t fulfill the task, whatever/n matter what happens. 不管發(fā)生什么,我們決心完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。
(2) whichever/n matter which引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
whichever和n matter which用法相同,都作"無論哪個(gè)"解,后者多用于非正式文體。
Whichever/N matter which yu buy, there is a six-mnth guarantee. 不論你買哪個(gè),都有六個(gè)月的保修期。
Whichever/N matter which f the tw men had stlen her purse, Barbara was determined t find them. 不管是這兩個(gè)人中的誰偷了她的錢包,芭芭拉都決心找到他們。
(3)whever/n matter wh引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
whever和n matter wh用法相同,都作"無論誰"解,后者多用于非正式文體。
Yu can’t cme in, whever yu are. 不管你是誰,都不能進(jìn)來。
Whever/N matter wh wants t speak t me n the phne, tell him I’m busy. 不管誰要我接電話,就說我現(xiàn)在正忙著呢。
(4) wherever/n matter where引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
wherever和n matter where用法相同,都作"無論在(或到)哪里"解,后者多用于非正式文體。
Wherever/N matter where yu g, I’m right here waiting fr yu. 無論你到哪里,我都依然在這里等著你。
(5)hwever/n matter hw引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
hwever和n matter hw用法相同,都作"無論如何……"解,后者多用于非正式文體。
Hwever much yu regret ding that, there is nthing yu can d abut it nw. 無論你可能多么懊悔你曾經(jīng)做過的事,現(xiàn)在也無濟(jì)于事了。
Hwever high it may be, it can’t reach the sky. 它不論有多高,也高不到天上去。
(6) whenever/n matter when引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
whenever和n matter when用法相同,都作"無論何時(shí)"解,后者多用于非正式文體。
Whenever I’m unhappy, he cheers me up. 不管什么時(shí)候我不高興,他都給我鼓勁兒。
1._________, I have t put it away and fcus my attentin n study this week.
A. Hwever the stry is amusing
B. N matter amusing the stry is
C. Hwever amusing the stry is
D. N matter hw the stry is amusing
【參考答案】C
2. Yu shuld try t get a gd night’s sleep ________much wrk yu have t d.
A. hweverB. n matter
C. althughD. whatever
【參考答案】A
【答案解析】句意:無論有多么多的工作要做,你都應(yīng)該晚上睡好。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,"________much wrk yu have t d"是讓步狀語從句,此處表示"多么",且修飾形容詞much應(yīng)用hwever。故選A。
6. (n matter) 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句
由這一個(gè)復(fù)合連詞引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句旨在說明正反兩個(gè)方面的可能性都不會(huì)影響主句的意向或結(jié)果。如:
Yu'll have t attend the ceremny whether yu're free r busy. 不管你忙不忙,都要參加這個(gè)典禮。
Whether yu believe it r nt, it's true.無論你是否相信,這都是真的。
— Dad, I’ve finished my assignment.
— Gd, and ________yu play r watch TV, yu mustn’t disturb me.
A. whenever B. whether
C. whateverD. n matter
【參考答案】B
題組一 能力過關(guān)
= 1 \* ROMAN I.用適當(dāng)連接詞填空,用以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
1.(2017·北京卷)Their research als suggests hw we may build lasting memries ver time _________the synapses becme thinner.
2. (2017·江蘇卷)_________ clean energy is increasingly used in ur daily life, glbal warming will cntinue fr sme decades after CO2 emissins(排放)peak.
3.While high schl des nt generally encurage students t explre new aspects f life, cllege sets the stage fr that explratin.
4.(2017·新課標(biāo)卷II)The friendship that grew ut f the experience f making that film and The Sting fur years later had its rt in the fact that ________ there was an age difference, we bth came frm a traditin f theater and live TV.
5. (2017·新課標(biāo)卷II)Thugh the mvie is 30 years ld, mst f the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed audience wanting t say gd-bye t the ld building.
= 2 \* ROMAN II.單項(xiàng)填空
1. _________ the students fund the sldier’s idea interesting, the system fr the blind was t difficult t be f practical use.
A.AsB. SinceC. WhileD. When
2.Tday, bth male and female athletes frm arund the wrld can take part in the Olympics, _________natin they cme frm.
A.n matterB. whateverC. whatD.n matter where
3.The engineers are s busy that they have n time fr sprts activities, _________they have the interest.
A. even ifB.as ifC. wheneverD. wherever
4.This is a very interesting bk. I’ll buy it, ________.
A. hw much may it cstB.n matter hw it may cst
C. hwever much it may cstD. whatever may it cst
5.______these different frms f greeting and custms might seem strange t yu, remember _____yu cnsider nrmal prbably seems just as unusual t thers.
A.As; whatB.As; that
C. While; whatD. While; that
6.________, the ftball game was decided nt t put ff.
A. Heavily as did it rainB.As it rained heavily
C.As heavily it rainedD. Heavily as it rained
7.My prfessr’s sn was ambitius f being a sldier________ he was s weak and thin.
A. becauseB. while
C. thughD.as thugh
8.We will hld a meeting t sum up ur experience _________we finish ur task.
A.in caseB. even thugh
C. despiteD. immediately
9.He will never give up the chance t g abrad fr further educatin _________the situatin is.
A. whateverB. hwever
C. wheneverD. wherever
10.Jacksn is cheerful abut his life _______ he is suffering frm cancer.
A. even ifB.as lng as
C.as ifD. ever since
III. 語法填空
A Japanese cmpany has just invented Pepper, a human-like rbt. It has arms and hands, but has n legs. Pepper can speak 17 languages and 1 (have) a display(顯示器) n its chest, in which yu can type in many different 2 (cmmand). The rbt’s artificial intelligence system can read different kinds f human emtins. It can als read, answer questins and react 3 the feelings f peple.
Pepper gets its infrmatin frm 4 series f cameras, as well as facial and vice recgnitin sftware. It 5 (cnnect) t the Internet where it gets infrmatin frm a database. Special safety features make it almst impssible fr the sftware 6 (crash). Pepper is a learning rbt that becmes better and better in recgnizing human 7 (behave).
The market demand fr rbts is grwing and because f its 8 (rapid) aging ppulatin, Japan is ne f the 9 (large) markets in the wrld. 10 many cmpanies have been creating rbts fr varius purpses, very little has been dne t get rbts t wrk n the emtinal level. Pepper is the first machine that can d just that.
題組二 體驗(yàn)真題
1. (2017·北京)__________ birds use their feathers fr flight, sme f their feathers are fr ther purpses.
A. Once B. If C. Althugh D. Because
2.(2015·安徽)______ he nce felt like giving up, he nw has the determinatin t push further and keep n ging.
A. WhereB. AsC. In caseD. Nw that
3.(2015·安徽)______ scientists have learned a lt abut the universe, there is much we still dn't knw.
A. OnceB. SinceC. ThughD. Unless
4.(2014·北京)_______ the frest park is far away, a lt f turists visit it every year.
A. AsB. WhenC. Even thughD. In case
題組一 能力過關(guān)
= 1 \* ROMAN I.用適當(dāng)連接詞填空,用以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句
1. even thugh
2.While/Thugh/Althugh
3. While/Thugh/Althugh
4. althugh
5. Thugh/Althugh
= 2 \* ROMAN II. 單項(xiàng)填空
1.C 【解析】考查連詞。as"正如,因?yàn)椋?;since"自從,既然";while"當(dāng)……時(shí)候,盡管";when"當(dāng)……時(shí)候"。結(jié)合該句兩個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)表示的意思可知,該空應(yīng)表示讓步"盡管……","盡管學(xué)生們覺得這位士兵的觀點(diǎn)很有趣,但供盲人使用的這個(gè)系統(tǒng)太難以致沒有實(shí)用價(jià)值",故選C項(xiàng)。
2.B 【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。結(jié)合句意"現(xiàn)在來自世界各地的運(yùn)動(dòng)員都可以參加奧運(yùn)會(huì),不論他們來自哪個(gè)國家";該空引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,且可修飾名詞natin,故用whatever或n matter what,選B項(xiàng)。
4.C 【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。句意:這是一本很有意思的書,無論多貴,我都會(huì)買的。B項(xiàng)少了much,所以選C。
5.C 【解析】考查讓步狀語從句和賓語從句連接詞。句意:雖然這些打招呼的方式和習(xí)俗對(duì)你好像有點(diǎn)陌生,但是記住,你認(rèn)為很正常的東西對(duì)似乎對(duì)他人恰好是不尋常的。分析句意可知,第一空應(yīng)使用讓步狀語連詞,as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),必須倒裝;分析句子成分可知,第二空引導(dǎo)的是remember的賓語從句,連接詞充當(dāng)從句的賓語,表"考慮的東西",應(yīng)用連詞what;that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí),只起連接作用,不充當(dāng)句子成分。故選C。
6.D 【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。句意為:盡管雨下得很大,但這次足球賽未被推遲。as表示"盡管",引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),可將修飾動(dòng)詞的副詞提前致句首,從句部分用陳述語序,故選D項(xiàng)。
7.C 【解析】考查連詞。我的教授的兒子盡管身體又弱又瘦,他還是有當(dāng)一名軍人的志向。be ambitius f是固定搭配,表示"有……的野心,有……的志向"。thugh引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。故選C。
8.B 【解析】考查連詞。in case"以防萬一";even thugh"即使";despite"盡管,不管";immediately"一……就……"。句意:即使我們完成我們的任務(wù),我們也將舉行一次會(huì)議來總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)。故選B。
10.A 【解析】考查狀語從句。句意:杰克遜即使患了癌癥,對(duì)生活依舊樂觀。A. even if"即使",引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句;B. as lng as"只要",引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句;C. as if "似乎",引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句;D. ever since"自從……以來",引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。故選A。
III. 語法填空
【文章大意】這是一篇說明文,主要介紹了日本發(fā)明的機(jī)器人Pepper。
1.has
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。此處介紹的是一種客觀情況,故需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);又因句子的主語Pepper為第三人稱單數(shù),故其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
2.cmmands
【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。Pepper的胸口有一個(gè)顯示器,你可以在這個(gè)顯示器中輸入許多不同的指令。根據(jù)空前的"many different"和提示詞cmmand作"命令,指令"講時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞可知,此處應(yīng)用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。
3.t
【解析】考查介詞。它也可以閱讀,回答問題并對(duì)人們的情感作出回應(yīng)。react t..."對(duì)……作出反應(yīng)",為固定用法。
4.a
【解析】考查冠詞。a series f..."一系列……"為固定用法。
5.is cnnected
【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示客觀情況;再結(jié)合動(dòng)詞cnnect與主語It(指代Pepper)之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系可知,此處應(yīng)用其被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
6.t crash
【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。特殊的安全性能使得這個(gè)軟件幾乎不可能崩潰。此處為"動(dòng)詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語+t d"結(jié)構(gòu)。故填t crash。
7.behavi(u)r
【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。Pepper是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)型機(jī)器人,它在識(shí)別人類行為方面變得越來越好。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空處應(yīng)用名詞作賓語,故填behavi(u)r。
8.rapidly
【解析】考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。此處表示"由于其快速老齡化的人口",故應(yīng)用副詞rapidly"快速地,迅速地"修飾形容詞aging。
9.largest
【解析】考查形容詞最高級(jí)。日本是世界上最大的(機(jī)器人)市場之一。根據(jù)空前的"ne f the"和下文的"markets"可知,此處應(yīng)用形容詞large的最高級(jí)形式largest,構(gòu)成"ne f the+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)"結(jié)構(gòu),表示"最……的……之一"。
10.【解析】考查讓步狀語從句。雖然許多公司出于各種各樣的目的制作機(jī)器人,但使機(jī)器人在情感層面上起作用的少之又少。所以此處應(yīng)用While/Althugh/Thugh"雖然,盡管"引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。
題組二 體驗(yàn)真題
1.C 【解析】A. Once 一旦 B. If 如果 C. Althugh 盡管 D. Because因?yàn)?。句意:盡管鳥兒們用羽毛來飛翔,但是他們的一些羽毛還有其他用途。根據(jù)語境可知前后之間是讓步關(guān)系,故選C。
3.C 【解析】句意:雖然科學(xué)家已經(jīng)了解到很多有關(guān)宇宙的知識(shí),但是,我們?nèi)匀徊恢赖倪€有很多。A一旦;B既然,自從;C雖然;D除非。nce和unless表示條件,since表示原因或時(shí)間;thugh表示讓步或轉(zhuǎn)折。這里是轉(zhuǎn)折含義,故選C。
4.C 【解析】考查狀語從句。句意:盡管那個(gè)森林公園很遠(yuǎn),但是還是有許多游客每年到這里游覽。根據(jù)題干信息,應(yīng)該是"即使(盡管)那個(gè)森林公園很遠(yuǎn),每年還是有很多人去參觀。"由此判斷,從句為讓步狀語從句,應(yīng)選連接詞even thugh。本題選C。In case用于引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,表示"以防"、"以免"。

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