動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式為“t＋動(dòng)詞原形”(t有時(shí)也可省略), 其否定形式為“nt t＋動(dòng)詞原形”。其基本用法如下：1．作主語(yǔ)：可用it作形式主語(yǔ)，將真正的主語(yǔ)置后。常用句型：It’s＋ adj.(＋fr/f sb.)＋ t d sth.T master a cmputer skill is difficult. ＝It is difficult t master a cmputer skill. 掌握一項(xiàng)計(jì)算機(jī)技能是很困難的。In China, it is interesting t see peple eating with chpsticks. 在中國(guó)，看到人們用筷子吃飯是蠻有趣的事情。(2021.69)
2．作表語(yǔ)：常置于系動(dòng)詞之后。Yuan Lngping’s wish is t make peple never feel hungry. 袁隆平的愿望是使人們不再餓肚子。3．作定語(yǔ)：置于被修飾的名詞之后，作后置定語(yǔ)。I have many questins in learning English, but I dn’t have a partner t discuss with. 我在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)方面有很多問(wèn)題，但我沒(méi)有搭檔可以討論。
4．作賓語(yǔ)：(1)一般情況下，不定式作部分動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。經(jīng)常接不定式作賓語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞＋t d sth.)的動(dòng)詞有l(wèi)ike, want, hpe, agree, wish, decide, try, expect, refuse, affrd, plan, prmise, frget等。(2)“疑問(wèn)詞＋不定式”作賓語(yǔ)，常用疑問(wèn)詞有what, when, where, hw, which等，可轉(zhuǎn)化為賓語(yǔ)從句。Nbdy taught me hw t use a mind map t review.＝Nbdy taught me hw I can use a mind gap t review. 沒(méi)人教過(guò)我怎么用思維導(dǎo)圖來(lái)復(fù)習(xí)。
(3)當(dāng)不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，還可用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，真正的賓語(yǔ)是不定式。常跟it作形式賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有find, think, make等。Students ften find it hard t tell the difference between the tw wrds.學(xué)生們經(jīng)常發(fā)現(xiàn)很難區(qū)分這兩個(gè)詞的區(qū)別。(4)不定式也可作某些形容詞的賓語(yǔ)。常見的這類形容詞有able, sure, glad, srry, afraid, pleased, ready等。Many yung Chinese are afraid t put n weight.許多中國(guó)年輕人害怕長(zhǎng)胖。
5．作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：Many pets advise us t value ur time and study hard. 許多詩(shī)人建議我們珍惜時(shí)間，努力學(xué)習(xí)。常接“賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)”(即“動(dòng)詞＋sb.＋ t d sth.”結(jié)構(gòu))的動(dòng)詞有tell, ask, warn, want, invite, allw, advise, help等。
注意：在一些使役動(dòng)詞和感官動(dòng)詞后，要把不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的t省略。常見的有：五看：watch, see, ntice, lk at三使：let, have, make二聽：listen t, hear一感覺(jué)：feel
I saw my mther enter the kitchen just nw. 剛才我看到媽媽進(jìn)廚房了。但在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的句子中，t通常要保留。Tm was seen t g t the library with his friend yesterday.
感官動(dòng)詞后跟動(dòng)詞原形和動(dòng)詞-ing的區(qū)別以see為例：see sb. ding sth. 看見某人正在做某事(看見動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)see sb. d sth. 看見某人做某事(看見全部過(guò)程)①I saw a mnkey crss the street. 我看見一只猴子穿越馬路。(表示看到“穿越馬路”這一全過(guò)程)②I saw a mnkey crssing the street. 我看見一只猴子正在穿越馬路。(表示看到“正在穿越馬路”這一正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作)
6．作狀語(yǔ)：用來(lái)表示行為目的、結(jié)果、原因等，置于動(dòng)詞之后。I went ut f my way t wrk ut the math prblem. 我盡全力解出這道數(shù)學(xué)題。(表目的)Last night, we arrived hme very late, nly t find the dr lcked. 昨天晚上，我們到家非常晚，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)門被鎖了。(表結(jié)果)Mike was s sad t knw that he failed the English exam again. 邁克得知他又一次沒(méi)通過(guò)英語(yǔ)考試很傷心。(表原因)
【易錯(cuò)提醒】不帶t的常見句型Why dn’t yu/nt d sth.? 為什么不做某事？Wuld/Culd yu please (nt) d sth.? 請(qǐng)你(不)做某事好嗎？had better (nt) d sth. 最好(不要)做某事wuld rather d sth. than d sth.＝prefer t d sth. rather than d sth. 寧愿做某事也不愿做某事
1．(2021天水改編)It’s nt plite __________(talk) with yur muth full. 2．(2021南京改編)The drama Hngqiqu prvided citizens in Zhengzhu with a chance ___________(learn) and listen t the Party’s histry.3．(2021武漢改編)The idim(成語(yǔ)) “Mengzi’s mther makes three mves” tells f a mther wh did all she culd _____________(prvide) the best envirnment fr her child.
4．(2021鹽城改編)N ne is perfect. The key is _________(try) yur best and never stp. 5．(2021樂(lè)山改編)Yu’d better nt ________(leave) yur exact address nline unless it’s an fficial website.
動(dòng)名詞由“動(dòng)詞原形＋-ing”構(gòu)成， 兼有動(dòng)詞和名詞的性質(zhì)。動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)是可以接賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，組成動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)；名詞的性質(zhì)是在句子中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等。His hbby is cllecting stamps.＝ Cllecting stamps is his hbby. 他的愛好是集郵。
注意：當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Eating t much is bad fr yur health. 吃太多對(duì)你的健康有害。
【歸納總結(jié)】常見只接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞喜歡(enjy)　　　　　保持(keep)建議(suggest)　　　　期待(lk frward t)習(xí)慣(be/get used t)　　　　完成(finish)想要(feel like)　　　　花費(fèi)(spend)值得(be wrth)　　　　練習(xí)(practice)忍俊不禁(can’t help)　　　　介意(mind)忙碌(be busy)　　　　開心(have fun)放棄(give up)
prvide　fill　g　find (2021江西改編)Light pllutin is mre serius in ur cities. We ften see light 6．__________ the skies ver ur cities. Many scientists try 7．_________ ways t stp light pllutin. Fr example, 8．___________ cvers fr many street lights is a way t this prblem. The cvers fcus the light twards the grund. They stp the light frm　9．________up int the sky. They als save energy. The cvers are a small change, but they can still have a psitive(正面的)influence. In all, stpping the light pllutin needs us t pull tgether.
用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1．(2021樂(lè)山改編)It’s pssible fr peple__________(live) t be mre than ne century.2．(2021上海改編)Michael and his friends practise __________ (play) table tennis after schl every day.3．(2021無(wú)錫改編)My car brke dwn n the way t the airprt, s I rushed there by taxi nly__________(knw) my flight had been canceled.
4．(2021樂(lè)山改編)There is a new rule __________(make) sure that yu dn’t waste fd. 5．(2021南京改編)Tny’s sister enjys____________(listen) t music and she ften ges t cncerts.6．(2021長(zhǎng)春改編)T imprve myself, I will take up a hbby like ___________ (paint) this summer. 7．(2021武威改編)Dn’t frget___________(check) carefully after writing the cmpsitin.
8．Every mrning when I g t wrk, I always see the ld man __________ (walk) in the park.9．________(be) successful desn’t mean having a lt f mney.10．Everyne shuld take actin__________(save) water. After all, water resurce is limited.
第一節(jié)　閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整。每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。mve　 crss 　take　 give　last　difficult　train　put　sign　catch One mnth ag, my friends invited me t jin in the 4×400 m relay race during ur schl sprts meeting. Starting in early September, we began 1．___________. We were always inspired by ur same gal during the 2．____________ training perid.
On the day f the race, runners lined up at the starting line. Fr the first time, I culd sense nthing but nervusness. Since this was my first time t 3．_______ part in the game, I std there with my mind ttally blank.As the last runner f ur team, great pressure fell n my shulders the mment I 4．_________ the batn(接力棒). Abut halfway int the race, my bdy started t shw 5．________ f tiredness. Pain started t build in my legs, knees and feet.
Only my mind culd tell my bdy t 6．_______ frward. All I culd d was t fcus n 7．__________ ne ft in frnt f the ther t run faster. Shuts turned int cheers when I was the first t 8．________ the final line. Lking back after my team wn, I realized ur success was the result f ur teamwrk and 9．__________ friendship. Life is full f pssibilities. Never 10．_______ up when yu’re a part f a team.
第二節(jié)　閱讀短文，根據(jù)語(yǔ)篇要求填空，使短文通順、意思完整。每空限填一詞。Different cuntries have different custms. In Clmbia, peple are pretty relaxed abut time. But they value the time they spend with their family and friends. They 11．________ have t make plans t meet their friends. Hwever, in Switzerland, it’s very imprtant 12．_____ be n time. If yu’re late, yur friend may get mad.

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