
本單元詞匯梳理1. kill tw birds with ne stne:一石二鳥(niǎo) / 一箭雙雕 / 一舉兩得2. when the cat’s away (the mice will play):貓兒不在,鼠兒成精。/ 山中無(wú)老虎,猴子稱霸王。(在中世紀(jì)的歐洲,基督教徒曾認(rèn)定貓是魔鬼附身的動(dòng)物,數(shù)以萬(wàn)計(jì)的貓因此被處死。但這卻導(dǎo)致鼠害成災(zāi),黑死病一波接一波的橫掃歐洲大陸。這段慘痛的歷史教訓(xùn)充分證明這個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)。)3. hld yur hrses:耐心點(diǎn) (古希臘時(shí)期人們都騎馬,馬是主要的交通工具,所以想要慢下來(lái),就要先控制馬的速度,也就是hld the hrses。 )4. rain cats and dgs:下傾盆大雨 (現(xiàn)在人們普遍認(rèn)為,這個(gè)習(xí)語(yǔ)的起源可能同17世紀(jì)英國(guó)使用的地下排水系統(tǒng)有關(guān)。當(dāng)時(shí)人們使用的排水系統(tǒng)非常簡(jiǎn)陋,排水能力極其有限。暴雨過(guò)后,街道就會(huì)水流成河,污水中常常會(huì)飄浮著大量的死貓死狗。)
5. authrity:詞源義:權(quán)威人士; 詞塊:an authrity n, in authrity 6. surce:一詞多義:基本義“源頭”7. fund:注意與find過(guò)去式的區(qū)別 近義詞:establish, set up (fund更強(qiáng)調(diào)注入資金) 詞族:fund, funder, funding, fundatin8. phtgrapher:phtgraph + -er9. buttn:詞塊:press the buttn 名詞動(dòng)詞化:buttn / unbuttn yur buttns10. recver:re- (back 回) + cver- (cup- 抓住,得到) → 重新獲得 熟詞生義:找回;派生詞 recvery 詞塊:recver frm = make a recvery frm
11. shck:一詞多義:基本義“沖擊”;休克是音譯 詞塊:in shck 派生詞:shcked, shcking (分詞形容詞)12. element:精準(zhǔn)的漢語(yǔ)釋義:要素;詞塊:brave the elements13. variety:詞族:vary, varied, varius, variatin, variety 詞塊:a (wide) variety f (= different kinds f) 14. encunter:en- (in 進(jìn)入) + cntra (against 相對(duì)) → 進(jìn)入相對(duì)狀態(tài)的 →面對(duì)面遭遇的 → 遭遇;偶然碰到 意為“偶然碰到”是正式用語(yǔ),對(duì)應(yīng)cme acrss15. path:一詞多義:基本義“小路”;隱喻:具體的“路”→ 抽象的“途徑” 詞塊:the path t success (類(lèi)似結(jié)構(gòu)way t, key t, slutin t)16. breathtaking:breath + taking 拓展:take (ne’s) breath away
17. cncentrate:cn- (tgether 共同) + center (集中) + -ate → 使聚集 / 使集中 詞塊: cncentrate n 18. freeze:一詞多義:基本義“(使) 結(jié)冰”;熟詞生義:停止不動(dòng) 詞塊:be frzen t death 詞族:freeze, freezing, frzen, freezer19. stare:精準(zhǔn)的漢語(yǔ)釋義:注視 詞塊:stare at 20. image:隱喻:具體的“影像” → 抽象的“形象”21. reactin:react + -tin;react: re- + act 相反行動(dòng) → 反應(yīng) 構(gòu)詞法:act — react — reactin 詞塊:reactin t
authrity詞源解讀
在古歐洲,能解決爭(zhēng)端的書(shū)或文章等都是有權(quán)威的,而能寫(xiě)出這些書(shū)籍和文章的人即作者也都是很有權(quán)威的人。在歷史發(fā)展過(guò)程中,由“有權(quán)威的篇章”這一具體的概念衍生出抽象釋義“權(quán)威;權(quán)力”等。authrity的各層釋義都與“權(quán)威”有關(guān),故各釋義衍生的基礎(chǔ)即基本義為“權(quán)威”。
authrity語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖
authrity 句中學(xué)
1. He is an authrity n vcabulary. 2. Teenagers, when they grw up, begin t questin their parents’ authrity and wisdm. 3. Culd I speak t smene in authrity (= wh has a psitin f pwer) here, please? 4. N ne may enter withut my authrity.5. We reprted the train accident t the authrities.
權(quán)威人士;專(zhuān)家;泰斗同義異構(gòu):specialist
? 源頭;發(fā)源地:Every tree has its rts and every river has its surce.? 來(lái)源:The Sun is the majr surce f energy fr ur planet.Bks were ur main surce f entertainment. 2020 全國(guó)? 根源;原因:Televisin sets, stere systems, air cnditiners and pets can all be surces f nise pllutin. ? [常用復(fù)數(shù)]消息來(lái)源;原始資料:List all yur surces at the end f yur essay.
surce n [C]
surce源頭(基本義)
? vt (意識(shí)、知覺(jué)等) 恢復(fù) t get back the use f yur senses, cntrl f yur emtin, etc.: It tk her a few minutes t recver cnsciusness.? vi (從疾病或病態(tài)等中) 恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái) t get well again after being ill, hurt, etc.; t return t a nrmal state: The ecnmy is at last beginning t recver. Hw can Linda recver frm her illness in this rm when it’s s dirty and dusty? ? vt 重新獲得 t find r get back sth that was lst r stlen: Plice have recvered the stlen car. We wrked hard t recver the lst time.
recver的詞源義是“cme back, return; regain health; get again”,它的基本義——重新獲得 “get again (regain)”
recver 語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖
“重新獲得” 意識(shí) / 能力等
“重新獲得”健康 / 狀態(tài)
(意識(shí)、知覺(jué)等) 恢復(fù)
(從疾病或病態(tài)等中) 恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)
重新獲得re- + cver
? recvery n [C] & [U] 痊愈;重獲;復(fù)蘇: He has made a full recvery frm his peratin. 2014 四川改 an ecnmic recvery
下面這些音譯詞你都知道嗎?guitar 吉他 Cla 可樂(lè) chclate 巧克力party 派對(duì) salad 沙拉 shark 鯊魚(yú) ballet 芭蕾舞 marathn 馬拉松 cl 酷的
有些英語(yǔ)詞匯,漢語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有與之對(duì)應(yīng)的詞,翻譯時(shí)會(huì)借用中文諧音來(lái)翻譯,這一類(lèi)詞被稱之為“音譯詞”。音譯詞的翻譯不僅表意精確,同時(shí)也準(zhǔn)確地還原了英文的發(fā)音。shck也被翻譯成了“休克”。
? [C] & [U] (爆炸、地震等引起的) 劇烈震動(dòng);沖擊:the shck waveThe shck f the earthquake was felt miles away. ? [C] 電擊;觸電 (electric shck):Dn’t tuch that wire r yu’ll get a shck. ? [U] & [C] [常用單數(shù)](精神上的) 震驚;打擊;令人震驚的事 a strng feeling f surprise:Mm hasn’t gtten ver the shck f Dad’s death.It came as a shck t hear that the factry wuld have t clse.
? [U] 休克:She was taken t hspital suffering frm shck.
小貼士醫(yī)學(xué)中,“休克”由英語(yǔ)“shck”音譯而來(lái),用以表示人體受傷后的一種危重狀態(tài)。
shck vt(名詞動(dòng)化)使震驚;使氣憤 t make sb feel very surprised and upset: The news f the schl shting shcked the wrld.
culture shck 文化沖擊
詞匯拓展? shcked adj 震驚的;憤慨的 feeling very surprised and upset:a shcked lk / expressin They were deeply shcked at / by her behaviur. ? shcking adj 令人震驚的;令人憎惡的 very surprising, upsetting, and difficult t believe:shcking news
小貼士:shcked和shcking是動(dòng)詞shck的分詞形容詞,表示感受,注意二者的區(qū)別。
物體對(duì)物體的沖擊shck基本義
(醫(yī)學(xué)領(lǐng)域) 機(jī)體受到有害因素的沖擊
(爆炸、地震等引起的) 劇烈震動(dòng);沖擊
(精神上的)震驚;打擊;令人震驚的事
element R3 n [C]? 要素;基本部分:Sugar is nt an imprtant element in bread, but flur is essential. Hnesty is a vital element f her success. ? (化學(xué)) 元素? [復(fù)數(shù)][與the連用]惡劣天氣:As a nature phtgrapher, I have t brave the elements. 外研新必修① – 5
喝過(guò)進(jìn)口果汁的同學(xué)可以注意下商標(biāo),上面往往有“apple juice cncentrate; grape juice cncentrate”等,那么大家知道cncentrate在這里是什么意思嗎?
生活中的cncentrate
cncentrate是由cn- + center + -ate三部分構(gòu)成,前綴cn-的意思是tgether“共同;一起”,-ate是動(dòng)詞后綴。不難看出,cncentrate的基本義是“(使) 集中; (使) 聚集于”。
cncentrate ■ vt & vi? (使) 聚集于;(使) 濃縮:Italian industry is cncentrated mainly in the nrth. ? 專(zhuān)心;集中 (注意力、思想等):When we miss a night’s sleep, we find it hard the next day t cncentrate and learn new infrmatin.cncentrate (sth) n (ding) sth:We must cncentrate ur effrts n imprving educatin. ■ n [C] & [U] 濃縮物;濃縮液:range juice cncentrate
“集中”具體的人或物
“集中”抽象的時(shí)間精力等
專(zhuān)心;集中(注意力、思想等)
(使)集中cncentrate 基本義
cncentrate 語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖
? cncentrated adj 濃縮的;聚集的;全神貫注的be cncentrated n (ding) sth? cncentratin n [C] & [U] 集中;專(zhuān)心:Cncentratin n yur studies will result in gd grades. Driving requires ttal cncentratin.
《冰雪奇緣》(Frzen)是2013年迪士尼出品的3D動(dòng)畫(huà)電影,于2013年11月27日在美國(guó)上映。該片改編自安徒生童話《白雪皇后》(The Snw Queen),講述小國(guó)阿倫黛爾因一個(gè)魔咒永遠(yuǎn)地被冰天雪地覆蓋,為了尋回夏天,安娜公主和山民克里斯托夫以及他的馴鹿搭檔組隊(duì)出發(fā),展開(kāi)一段拯救王國(guó)的歷險(xiǎn)。影片中處處體現(xiàn)“追尋自我”“做回自己”“真情消融凍結(jié)的心”等元素,令觀眾心有觸動(dòng)。
freeze 的詞源義和基本義是“(使)結(jié)冰 (turn t ice)”。
freeze v? vi & vt (使) 結(jié)冰:The lake was frzen ver.Fresh water freezes at 0°C.? vi & vt (人) 凍僵;(水管、機(jī)器等) 凍住:Tw men were frzen t death n the muntain. Our water pipes frze (up) last winter.
freeze 詞源解讀
(使) 人或物體“結(jié)冰”
? vi (天氣) 冰冷:It may freeze tnight, s bring thse plants inside. ? vi & vt 冷凍;冷藏:Tmates dn’t freeze well. I’ll buy extra meat and just freeze it.? vi & vt 停住不動(dòng) t stp mving suddenly:Freeze, r I’ll sht! The smile frze n his face. 2013 湖北
(使) 身體、笑容等 “結(jié)冰”
(使) 結(jié)冰(基本義)freeze
(人) 凍僵;(水管、機(jī)器等) 凍住
freeze 語(yǔ)義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖
詞匯拓展frzen adj 結(jié)冰的;凍僵的;冷凍的:Yu must be frzen! Cme and sit by the fire.Americans always drive t supermarkets t buy canned and frzen fds fr the week. 2014 陜西改freezing adj 極冷的;冰凍的 extremely cld:freezing pint n [U] 冰點(diǎn):abve / belw freezingadv[非正式用語(yǔ)]極冷地:freezing cld
stare ■ vt & vi 盯;凝視 t lk at sb / sth fr a lng time:stare sb up and dwn It’s rude t stare. She stared at the painting, wndering where she had seen it. 2009 重慶■ n [C] 盯;凝視:give sb a rude stare
stare & view & ntice 辨析
這三個(gè)詞都與“看”有關(guān),可以借助英語(yǔ)釋義辨析。ntice 指 “t see r hear sb / sth” (察覺(jué)到 / 注意到)stare 指 “t lk at sb / sth fr a lng time” (盯 / 凝視)view 指 “t lk at sth carefully” (觀看)
根據(jù)句意,選出authrity的漢語(yǔ)釋義。______ 1. Mexicans may use silence when rders are given by a persn in authrity. ______ 2. Perhaps the railway authrities are respnsible fr pr signalling system. ______ 3. They’ve been acting illegally and withut authrity frm the gvernment. ______ 4. Mr Lee is a leading authrity n Chinese fd.
? 權(quán)威人士;專(zhuān)家 ? 權(quán)威;權(quán)力;當(dāng)權(quán)? (正式的) 許可;授權(quán) ? 官方;當(dāng)局
1. China has always been a surce f inspiratin (靈感) fr designers. (2019 全國(guó)) __________2. Fr all yur infrmatin, yu can find sme surces frm the Internet and print the cpies needed. (2015 湖南改) __________3. We’ve fund the surce f the truble.__________
寫(xiě)出下列句子中畫(huà)線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。
一、寫(xiě)出下列句子中畫(huà)線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。Once the damage is dne, it will take many years fr the farmland t recver. (2015 北京) __________2. When a Swedish ship that sank in 1628 was recvered frm the prt f Stckhlm, histrians and scientists were verjyed. __________3. Once she nearly slipped (滑倒), but smehw she recvered her balance and carried n running. __________
二、將下列句子譯成英語(yǔ)。1. 要有充足的睡眠,這會(huì)幫助我們的眼睛從疲勞中恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái)。 (2007 天津書(shū)面表達(dá))__________________________________________________________2. 在我的精心照料下,我媽媽迅速恢復(fù)了健康。(2013 北京書(shū)面 表達(dá))__________________________________________________________
With my special care, my mther recvered quickly / made a quick recvery.
Have enugh sleep, which will help ur eyes recver frm tiredness.
一、寫(xiě)出下列句子中畫(huà)線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。It is a shck t the industry, which fiercely fights every tax increase. (2009 山東) __________It was such a shck when they annunced the winner was Cart. __________二、在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1. They will get ____________ shck when they get this bill.2. The parents were ____________ (shck) by the news that their sn needed an peratin n his knee. (2013 重慶) 3. The ____________ (shck) news made me realize what terrible prblems we wuld face. (2011 北京)
寫(xiě)出下列句子中畫(huà)線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1. Cnfidence, as we all knw, is a very imprtant element in learning t speak English. (2013 湖南) ________2. Are we ging t brave the elements and g fr a walk? ________3. Gld, xygen and carbn are all elements. ________
一、在空白處填入 1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1. Listening well als requires ttal ______________ (cncentrate). (2013 江西)2. He made a _______________ (cncentrate) effrt t imprve wrk. (2011 上海)3. When meeting a grup f peple, cncentrate _______________ remembering just tw r three names. (2009 安徽)
cncentratin
cncentrated
二、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)及提示,用cncentrate的詞塊完成句子。1. Be quiet — let me ______________ (專(zhuān)注于) my hmewrk. 2. In that cuntry, wmen _______________ (集中在) a small number f ccupatins (職業(yè)). 3. I’m ___________________________ (集中精力于) writing a bk. (effrt)
cncentrate n
cncentrate in
cncentrating my effrts n
一、寫(xiě)出下列句子中畫(huà)線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。1. Hw des it live where mst fish wuld freeze t death? (2008 福建) ___________2. Can yu freeze this cake? ___________ 3. The lake had frzen vernight. ___________4. When faced with s many ptins, the lin chses t freeze and wait instead f attacking the man hlding the chair. (2014 全國(guó)) ___________5. The smile frze n his face; his muth fell wide pen. (2013 湖北) ___________6. Salaries have been frzen fr the current year. ___________
二、根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ),用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1. The first thing he did was t find shelter frm the ________________ (刺骨的寒風(fēng)) and snw. (2015 北京)2. Panic set in, but Mary culd nt run — she was ________________ (僵在原地). (2011 江西)3. It was cld and dump; the man pulled up his cllar and put his hands t his ________________ (凍僵了的臉). (2011 湖北)
freezing wind
frzen t the spt
1. Everyne stared in wnder as the train slwly returned t the statin. (2009 湖北) _________2. The museum was free. We entered, excited. A grup f peple sitting in the hall stpped talking and stared at us. (2008 天津) _________3. He sat there staring int space. _________
一、寫(xiě)出下列句子中畫(huà)線部分的漢語(yǔ)釋義。
(ntice, view, stare)As they were leaving, he _______ an umbrella n an empty seat.2. She _______ at the painting, wndering where she had seen it. (2009 重慶改)3. Peple came frm all ver the wrld t _______ her wrk.4. The first thing I _______ abut the rm was the smell.5. If smene is talking ludly n the bus, a nice way t ask him t keep it dwn is t _______ at him until he gets aware f it and quiets dwn. (2014 遼寧改)
二、用所給單詞的正確形式填空。
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