本單元詞匯梳理1. charity：抽象名詞具體化2. Atlantic：拓展Pacific, Oceania, Indian, Arctic 3. annual：同義詞：yearly；派生詞：annually4. 構(gòu)詞法：migrate — migratin5. seek：基本義：尋找 正式用語：對應(yīng) ① lk fr ② ask fr ③ try t get 詞塊：seek a jb, seek (sb’s) help / advice, seek t d sth 派生詞：seeker (jb seekers)6. measure：meas- (測量) + -ure 詞塊：take measures t d sth = take actin t d sth
7. psitin：基本義“位置” 詞塊：apply fr a psitin, in sb’s psitin8. determine：de- (ff, ) + term (t mark the end r bundary 劃界限) → 明確； 詞源同term, terminal 詞塊：determine t d sth 詞族：determine, determined, determinatin9. eventually：eventual (最終的) + -ly；同義詞：finally10. slutin：slve — slutin 用法：a slutin t sth，類似結(jié)構(gòu)：way t, key t等11. amazing：詞族：amaze, amazed, amazing (分詞形容詞), amazement12. crash：詞源：擬聲詞，模仿碰撞的聲音 一詞多義：基本義“撞碎” 詞塊：crash int, a car / plane crash
13. per cent：美式percent；拓展percentage14. destry：de- (dwn 向下) + struere (build 建，同structure) → 破壞建筑的結(jié)構(gòu) → 毀壞；精準(zhǔn)的漢語釋義“毀壞”15. chemical：同源詞：chemistry, chemist16. creature：詞族：create, creative, creatively, creatr, creature 詞塊：living creature17. survive：sur- (ver, beynd 超過) + vive (t live 活) → 比……活得長 同根詞：vivid, revive, vital, vitamin 詞族：survive, survival, survivr18. effect：詞塊：have an effect n, greenhuse effect, side effect, in effect, take effect 派生詞：effective
英語釋義正式用語與非正式用語
魁地奇比賽中的找球手seeker
在哈利波特的魔法世界中，最受歡迎的運(yùn)動莫過于魁地奇比賽 (Quidditch)。找球手seeker在比賽中起著極為重要的作用，他們負(fù)責(zé)抓取金色飛賊 (the glden snitch)，往往能使自己的球隊(duì)反敗為勝。
seek (sught, sught) v [正式用語或書面用語]
? vt & vi 尋找 t lk fr sb / sth：
They sught fr a place t shelter frm the rain, but in vain.
seek jbs / wrk / emplyment
根據(jù)seek的基本義t lk fr，猜猜下列句子中seek的意思。
1. The bk inspires cnfidence in students wh wish t seek their wn answers. 2014 天津2. They had sught my advice, and I had recmmended this machine.3. Scientists have been seeking t understand the mystery f the “sixth sense” f directin.
尋求 口語 try t find / get
征求 口語 ask fr
試圖/企圖 口語 try t d
seek ut 找出；找到：We must seek ut a slutin t the prblem.
play hide-and-seek 玩捉迷藏
seeker n [C] 尋找者；追求者：a jb seeker
正式用語多用于正式場合 (frmal situatins)，如商業(yè)信函、報告、講座、會議，以及與陌生人和比自己級別高的人的交談中。非正式用語則多用于非正式場合 (infrmal situatins)，如與熟人的日常交流，包括會話和書信往來等。學(xué)習(xí)詞匯時要了解它使用的情景，避免日常交流和書面表達(dá)時因?yàn)橛迷~不恰當(dāng)、不得體導(dǎo)致交際失敗。本單元詞匯表中的seek是正式用語，B1U1出現(xiàn)的習(xí)語 butterflies in ne’s stmach 是非正式用語。
正式 (frmal)用語與非正式 (infrmal) 用語
get in tuch with
butterflies
中西方關(guān)于度量衡 (weights and measures ) 的常見表達(dá)都有哪些呢？
以人名命名的物理單位：力的單位：牛頓 (N) ；功的單位：焦耳 (J)；頻率的單位：赫茲 (Hz)；電流的單位：安培 (A) ……等等
? [C] & [U] 度量單位；計量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)： weights and measures
? [C] [正式用語] (判斷的) 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；衡量 a way f testing r judging sth： Speed is a gd measure f wrk perfrmance in this setting.
measure的詞源義為“測量”，是 meter（米）的同源詞
? [C] [用單數(shù)] (一定的) 量；程度 (degree)： N matter hw unpredictable the future, there’s almst always sme measure f jy t be gt frm the mment. 2015 浙江改
? [C] [常用復(fù)數(shù)] 措施；辦法 an fficial actin (step)：
safety measures
It is high time that we shuld take sme measures t prtect endangered animals.
? vt & vi 量；測量：
? [用作系動詞] [不用于進(jìn)行時] (尺寸、數(shù)量等) 量度為： The rm measures 10 meters acrss.
? vt 估量；衡量 (assess)：
measuring instruments The dctr weighed the baby and measured its height.
Scientists haven’t measured the psitive effects f laughter n children.
? measurement
n [U] 測量；衡量；[C] [常用復(fù)數(shù)] 尺寸:
take sb’s measurements
(判斷的) 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)；衡量
(一定的) 量；程度
measure語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖
measure測量基本義
(尺寸、數(shù)量等) 量度為
The lcatin f the twer is clse t the pl.
這里的lcatin是“位置”的意思。還有什么詞可以表示“位置”呢？
? [C]＆[U] 位置；方位；(恰當(dāng)或正確的) 位置： Can yu shw me the psitin f the city n the map? The rchestra were all in psitin, waiting fr the cnductr. ? [C]＆[U] 姿勢；(物體所指的) 方向： Lie in a cmfrtable psitin. Keep the bx in an upright psitin. ? [C]＆[U] 地位；身份： The scial psitin f each character influences the way they behave t each ther. a man f psitin
? [C] [正式用語] 職位；職務(wù) a jb (pst)：He is thinking f applying fr the psitin f Chief Editr.Bruce takes / hlds the psitin f sales manager in a large cmpany.? [C] (比賽中的) 名次：She finished the race in third psitin.? [C] [常用單數(shù)] 處境；狀況 the state r situatin that sb / sth is in:What wuld yu d if in my psitin?I’m afraid I am nt in a psitin t help yu.
? [C] [常與n連用] 立場；觀點(diǎn)；態(tài)度 an pinin n r an attitude twards a particular subject (attitude)：When the time cmes t make a decisin and take a psitin n an issue, allw fr the cntributins f each member f the grup. 2008 江蘇I hpe yu’ll recnsider yur psitin.
名詞動詞化? vt 放置；安放 (place)：
I psitined myself t take the best pht f the sea view.
物體在空間上的“位置”
人身體 / 物體的“位置”
姿勢；(物體所指的) 方向
psitin語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖
psitin位置基本義
Yur attitude determines yur altitude. 你的態(tài)度決定你的高度。
determine 和 decide在程度上和正式上有區(qū)別
? vt 確定；查明 (establish)：Investigatrs are still trying t determine what caused the fire. ? vt 支配；影響：It is yur effrts, nt yur intelligence that determine yur success. 2008 湖北Demand determines supply.
determine v [正式用語]
? vt & vi 決心；決定 decide firmly：I determine t make mre effrts t imprve my English. She determined that nthing shuld be changed in her reprt.We determined n an early start.
【詞匯拓展】determined adj? 有決心的；意志堅(jiān)定的：My father was determined that nne f his children wuld be denied an educatin. 2015 福建改(be) determined t d sth:Amazed at hw skilful they were, I was determined t be just as gd. 2013 浙江 ? 堅(jiān)決的；堅(jiān)定的：She gave me a determined lk — the kind that said she wuldn’t change her mind.
determinatin n [U] 決定；決心；果斷
約翰·沃爾夫?qū)ゑT·歌德（Jhann Wlfgang vn Gethe，1749年8月28日—1832年3月22日），是最偉大的德國作家之一，也是世界文學(xué)領(lǐng)域的一個出類拔萃的光輝人物。代表作品《少年維特的煩惱》、《浮士德》。
crash最初是一個擬聲詞，模仿碰撞的聲音“嘩啦……”；隨著社會的發(fā)展，產(chǎn)生了“(公司等) 倒閉”、“(股票) 暴跌”、“(計算機(jī)等) 死機(jī)”等意思。名詞釋義是由動詞釋義轉(zhuǎn)化而來。
crash (v) 出現(xiàn)于公元前14世紀(jì)晚期，詞源義是“break in pieces” “打碎”“撞碎”。
crash 詞源解讀
? vi & vt (使) 發(fā)出撞擊聲；(使) 發(fā)出爆裂聲：
The plates crashed t the flr. She strmed ut f the rm and crashed the dr shut behind her.
? vi & vt (使飛機(jī)) 墜毀；(使汽車等) 猛撞：
The news that the plane had crashed made us sad.
He crashed his car int a wall.
? vi (公司等) 倒閉；(股票) 暴跌；(計算機(jī)等) 死機(jī)；崩潰：
The cmpany crashed with debts f ￡2 millin. The cmputers that we use at the mment are ld and slw, and they ften crash.
crash n [C]? [常用單數(shù)] 嘩啦聲；撞擊聲；爆裂聲： At that mment, we hear a huge crash and then silence. ? 碰撞 (事件)；(飛機(jī)) 墜毀： All the passengers were killed in the plane crash. ? 暴跌；(計算機(jī)等的) 崩潰： tips fr fixing cmputer system crashes
“撞碎”物體，發(fā)出巨響
(使) 發(fā)出撞擊聲；(使) 發(fā)出爆裂聲
(使飛機(jī)) 墜毀；(使汽車等) 猛撞
(公司等) 倒閉；(股票) 暴跌；(計算機(jī)等) 崩潰
嘩啦聲；撞擊聲；爆裂聲
暴跌；(計算機(jī)等的) 崩潰
碰撞 (事件)；(飛機(jī)) 墜毀
《我不是藥神》（英文譯名Dying t survive）是由文牧野執(zhí)導(dǎo)，寧浩、徐崢共同監(jiān)制的劇情片。該片于2018年7月5日在中國上映。影片講述了徐崢扮演的程勇從一個交不起房租的小商販，一躍成為印度仿制藥“格列寧”獨(dú)家代理商的故事。電影展現(xiàn)了一群人為了生存下去而苦苦掙扎。影片有笑有淚，還有思考。在生活小細(xì)節(jié)的層層推進(jìn)下，導(dǎo)演將小人物的日常平凡、卑微、無甚波瀾的生活帶到了更為深遠(yuǎn)的一步。
survive是由前綴“sur-” +詞根“vive（源于詞根viv）”構(gòu)成。其中sur-是“在……上；超過……”(ver, beynd) 的意思，viv是“活；生命”(live) 的意思，所以survive表達(dá)“生命超越了……（比事故中其他遇難者活得時間長）”，其常見義為“幸存”。與survive同根的詞有revive, vitamin, vivid等。
? vt 比……活得長：She survived her husband by ten years. ? vi & vt 幸存 (于)：He survived the earthquake. 注：不能說He survived frm / after / in the earthquake.? vi & vt 挺過；熬過：Hw d yu survive n such a lw salary??vi 保存下來：Sme ld custms have survived int the present.
survive v
survive 語義網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖
在災(zāi)難中活得長(具體）
在困境中活得長（抽象）
物品或者風(fēng)俗活得長（具體）
比……活得長（基本義）
? survivr n [C] 幸存者? survival n? [U] 幸存；繼續(xù)生存： the survival f the fittest ? [C] 幸存物；殘存物：The ceremny is a survival frm pre-Christian times.
《泰坦尼克號》這部電影講述了泰坦尼克號這艘豪華游輪在航行時由于撞上了冰山而沉沒，男主杰克（Jack）為了救女主露絲（Rse）而凍死在冰冷的海水中的故事。
在泰坦尼克號緩緩下沉?xí)r，杰克帶著露絲跑到船尾，爬上欄桿堅(jiān)持到泰坦尼克號沉沒。最后杰克將露絲推上一塊漂浮木板。
露絲要比杰克活得長。Rse survived Jack.
露絲在這次沉船事故中幸存下來。Rse survived the accident.
杰克為了露絲能夠存活下來，不斷地鼓勵她，而自己卻凍死在寒冷的海水里。
多年后尋寶探險家布洛克從沉船上打撈起一個銹跡斑斑的保險柜。
露絲在冰冷的海上挺了過來最終獲救。Rse survived the frzen sea and was rescued in the end.
他發(fā)現(xiàn)里面有一幅素描畫留存至今。He fund that a drawing had survived int the present.
這幅素描由杰克為露絲所畫。
effect R3 n [C] & [U] 結(jié)果；效應(yīng)；作用；影響：greenhuse effect It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring abut. 2010 浙江Glbal warming is having a great effect n hundreds f plant and animal species arund the wrld. 2012 四川bring / put ... int effect 實(shí)施；實(shí)行in effect? 在實(shí)施中；有效：Sme laws frm the eighteenth century are still in effect. ? 實(shí)際上；事實(shí)上：“Have a nice day” is a wnderful phrase, reminding us, in effect, t enjy the mment.
詞匯拓展? effective R3 adj 有效的 反 ineffective；生效的：take effective measures / steps The mre I understd fish, the mre I became effective at finding and catching them. 2015 廣東? effectively adv 有效地? effectiveness n [U] 有效性
take effect 生效 (cme int effect)；起作用：These measures are just beginning t take effect.
survive拓展視頻：
一、選出下列句子中畫線部分的英語釋義。Hw can yu seek help frm the Writing Centre? (2014 天津) ________ 2. A cmpany whse prfits frm hme markets are declining (減少) may seek pprtunities abrad. (2014 山東) ________3. We sught ut Karen and tld her f her success. ________ 4. Lcal schls are seeking t reduce the drput rate. ________
a. lk fr b. try c. ask fr d. find ut
二、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。On a ht summer day in last August, I ________ (seek) shade and a cl drink at a waterfrnt café. 2. Sme businesses nly seek ________ (earn) enugh t cver their perating csts. (2013 全國)3. Unluckily, they sught in vain ________ smewhere t shelter. 4. A jb ________ (seek) is an unemplyed persn wh is trying t get a jb.
三、根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。The cmpany ____________________ (正試圖提高) the quality f prducts. 2. The gvernment ______________________ (正在尋求解決 辦法) t the prblem f water shrtage.3. Frm this experience I have learnt that questining can serve as a bridge that helps us t ________________ (尋求真理) (2015 湖北書面表達(dá))
is seeking t imprve
is seeking fr a slutin
seek the truth
根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1. The rm __________________________ (寬10米). 2. The assistant _______________________ (給我量尺寸) and shwed me what was available in my size. 3. Persnally, I’m against _________________________________ (付錢讓學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的辦法). (2010 廣東書面表達(dá)) 4. They call n peple and the gvernment t _____________ _________________ (采取措施減少污染). (2013 天津改)
the measure f paying students t learn
measures 10 metres acrss
take measures
t reduce pllutin
tk my measurements
一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。 I had t find smene else t fill in her?psitin?fr the mment.?(2014 湖北) ______________2. Spain and the US take the leading?psitin?in building smart cities. ______________3. Srry, Dctr White is ut f twn and I’m nt in the psitin t give ut that kind f infrmatin. ______________
二、用psitin的適當(dāng)形式填空。If yur gal invlves ther peple, put yurself in their __________. (2009 上海) ??2. The phnes all have cameras, cmputers and a “glbal- ____________” smething r ther that’s suppsed t spt me frm space. (2012 福建) 3. One can find his _________ in life in his wn way. ?
一、寫出下列句子中determine的漢語釋義。1. Our scial psitins determine the way we are dressed. __________ 2. It is difficult t determine the exact cause f the illness. __________3. The date f the curt case has nt yet been determined. __________ 4. Hw hard the swimmers wrk nw will determine hw they perfrm in the Olympics. __________
二、在空白處填入1個單詞或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。1. She’s sure t get the jb she wants – she’s a very ___________ (determine) persn.2. Jane was determined nt ___________ (g) against her father’s wishes and accept his advice.3. He is an excellent lawyer with a gd brain and a ___________ (determine) t achieve. (2009 陜西)4. Black hles can nt be seen directly, s ___________ (determine) the number f them is very difficult.
determinatin
determining
三、根據(jù)所給提示，完成下列句子。1. It is nt what yu are given but hw yu make use f it that _______________________ (決定你是誰). (2012 湖北)2. Realizing that he has wasted t much time, the by _________________________________ (決心停下不再玩游戲).3. If we ___________________________________ (有勇氣和決心), we will finally get the sunshine we want. (2010 北京書面表達(dá))
determines wh yu are
is determined t stp playing games
have the curage and determinatin
一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。1. It is an cean that mves, impressively and endlessly. It makes all kinds f nise — it is frever thundering, biling, crashing, and whistling. (2013 重慶) ____________2. When did the cmputer crash? (2012 福建) ____________3. Car drivers have t bey traffic regulatins that tell them the right things t d n the rad t avid crashes. (2012 廣東) ____________4. It was sad news that n ne survived the AirAsia plane crash which happened n December 28, 2014. ____________
飛機(jī)失事；飛機(jī)墜毀事故
5. The team crashed t their wrst defeat this seasn. ________________6. Investigatrs are still trying t figure ut why the engines in this plane lst pwer, frcing it t crash-land with mre than 150 passengers n bard. ________________7. There was a crash f thunder just nw. ________________
(比賽中) 潰?。粦K敗
二、What des “crash a party” mean?T “crash a party” is an idimatic expressin that means t attend a party withut receiving an invitatin. This expressin may have develped frm the idea f breaking and entering. If uninvited guests want t find a way int a party, they wuld need t break in, prbably resulting in the sund f a crash either thrugh smashing glass r breaking furniture. Depending n the kind f party ne is trying t attend, hwever, it is unlikely that ne wuld actually have t break anything in rder t enter. Typically the term “crash a party” is used by teens and cllege students t describe ging t parties withut an invitatin. Mst adults rarely crash a party. ________________________
擅自闖入宴會；不邀而至
一、寫出下列句子中畫線部分的漢語釋義。After cuntless interviews and presentatins, I managed t stand ut amng the candidates and survive the test alne. (2014 廣東閱讀) __________ 2. Only ne cpy f the bk still survives. __________ 3. Life is hard at the mment, but we’re surviving. __________
挺過來；熬過來；艱難度過
二、用survive的適當(dāng)形式完成下列句子。Fr a sudden heart failure, the single best chance fr ________________ is having smene nearby step in and d CPR (心肺復(fù)蘇) quickly. (2017 北京閱讀)2. Officials said he was the nly ________________ f the plane crash.3. He is the nly man wh ________________ after the explsin (爆炸).三、根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。The frnt passengers were lucky t _________________________ (在車禍中幸免于難).2. Having __________________________ (熬過那一夜), we were cnfident that everything else wuld be all right. (2014 湖北完形)
survival / surviving
survive the car accident
survived that night
根據(jù)所給漢語，用適當(dāng)?shù)脑~塊完成下列句子。1. Glbal warming is _____________________ (對……產(chǎn)生巨大的影響) hundreds f plant and animal species arund the wrld. (2012 四川)2. The cnvenience even leads fewer peple t take public transprt—an unwelcme __________________ (副作用) researchers have already fund in ride-hailing (叫車) services. (2018 北京)3. Accrding t the recent research, heavy cffee drinking and heart attack is nt necessarily __________________ (因果關(guān)系).4. Few laws are s effective that yu can see results just days after they __________________ (生效). (2009 山東)
having a great effect n
side effect
cause and effect
take effect

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高中英語外研版 (2019)必修 第一冊電子課本

Unit 5 Into the wild

版本： 外研版 (2019)

年級： 必修 第一冊

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