(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)I, D)
During the rsy years f elementary schl(小學(xué))，I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes, which allwed me t keep my high scial status. I was the queen f the playgrund. Then came my tweens and teens，and mean girls and cl kids. They rse in the ranks nt by being friendly but by smking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jkes n thers，amng whm I sn fund myself.
Ppularity is a well-explred subject in scial psychlgy. Mitch Prinstein，a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw categries : the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-thers qualities strengthen schlyard
friendships , jump-start interpersnal skills and，when tapped early, are emplyed ever after in life and wrk. Then there’s the kind f ppularity that appears in adlescence: status brn f pwer and even dishnrable behavir.
Enviable as the cl kids may have seemed, Dr. Orenstein’s studies shw unpleasant cnsequences. Thse wh were highest in status in high schl, aswell as thse least liked in elementary schl, are “mst likely t engage(從事) in dangerus and risky behavir. ”
In ne study, Dr. Prinstein examined the tw types f ppularity in 235 adlescents，scring the least liked，the mst liked and the highest in status based n student surveys(調(diào)查研究). “We fund that the least well-liked teens had becme mre aggressive ver time tward their classmates. But s had thse wh were high in status. It clearly shwed that while likability can lead t healthy adjustment, high status has just the ppsite effect n us. ”
Dr. Prinstein has als fund that the qualities that made the neighbrs want yu n a play date-sharing, kindness, penness——carry ver t later years and make yu better able t relate and cnnect with thers.
In analyzing his and ther research，Dr. Prinstein came t anther cnclusin: Nt nly is likability related t psitive life utcmes, but it is als respnsible fr thse utcmes, t. “Being liked creates pprtunities fr learning and fr new kinds f life experiences that help smebdy gain an advantage , ” he said.
1. What srt f girl was the authr in her early years f elementary schl?
A. Unkind.
B. Lnely.
C. Generus.
D. Cl.
2. What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A. The classificatin f the ppular.
B. The characteristics f adlescents.
C. The imprtance f interpersnal skills.
D. The causes f dishnrable behavir.
3. What did Dr. Orenstein’s study find abut the mst liked kids?
A. They appeared t be aggressive.
B. They tended t be mre adaptable.
C. They enjyed the highest status.
D. They perfrmed well academically.
4. What is the best title fr the text?
A. Be Nice—Yu Wn’t Finish Last
B. The Higher the Status，the Better
C. Be the Best-Yu Can Make It
D. Mre Self-Cntrl，Less Aggressiveness
二、語(yǔ)法填空
(2017課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅰ)
There has been a recent trend in the fd service industry tward lwer fat cntent and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical cmmunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界) 1 a methd f fighting heart disease, has had sme unintended side 2 (effect) such as verweight and heart disease-—the very thing the medical cmmunity was trying t fight.
Fat and salt are very imprtant parts f a diet. They are required 3 (prcess) the fd that we eat, t recver frm injury and fr several ther bdily functins. When fat and salt 4 (remve)frm fd，the fd tastes as if it is missing smething. As 5 result，peple will eat mre fd t try t make up fr that smething missing. Even 6 (bad), the amunt f fast fd that peple eat ges up. Fast fd 7 (be) full f fat and salt; by 8 (eat) mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.
Having enugh fat and salt in yur meals will Having enugh fat and salt in yur meals will reduce the urge t snack(吃點(diǎn)心) between meals and will imprve the taste f yur fd. Hwever, be 9 (care) nt t g t extremes. Like anything, it is pssible t have t much f bth, 10 is nt gd fr the health.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10
三、七選五
(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)Ⅱ)
Imagine a child standing n a diving bard fur feet high and asking himself the questin: “Shuld I jump?” This is what mtivatin r the lack f it can d. Mtivatin and gal setting are the tw sides f the same cin. (1) __ Like the child n the diving bard , yu will stay undecided.
(2) __ Mre than that，hw shuld yu stay mtivated t achieve the gal? First，yu need t evaluate yurself, yur values, yur strengths, yur weaknesses, yur achievements, yur desires, etc. Only then shuld yu set yur gals.
Yu als need t judge the quality and depth f yur mtivatin. This is quite imprtant, because it is directly related t yur cmmitment. There are times when yur heart is nt in yur wrk. (3) __ S，slwdwn and think what yu really want t d at that mment. Clarity（清晰) f thughts can help yu mve frward.
Anther way f setting realistic gals is t analyze yur shrt and lng term bjectives, keeping in mind yur beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that gals are flexible. (4) __ They als need t be measurable. Yu must keep these pints in mind while setting yur gals.
Yur persnal circumstances are equally imprtant. Fr example，yu may want t be a pilt but can’t becme ne because yur eyesight is nt gd enugh. (5) __ Yu shuld reassess yur gals, and mtivate yurself t set a fresh gal.
Yu will surely need t vercme sme difficulties, sme planned, but mst unplanned. Yu cannt vercme them withut ample mtivatin. Make sure that yu plan fr these difficulties at the time f setting yur gals.
A. This can affect yur wrk.
B. S hw shuld yu mtivate yurself?
C. Hwever，this shuld nt discurage yu.
D. S why shuld we try t set specific gals?
E. They can change accrding t circumstances.
F. Mtivatin is what yu need mst t d a gd jb.
G. Withut mtivatin，yu can neither set a gal nr reach it.
答案：
一、◎語(yǔ)篇解讀 本文體裁為說(shuō)明文, 主題語(yǔ)境為人與社會(huì), 主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容為社會(huì)交往。文章將受歡迎的人分成了兩類—討人喜歡的人和追逐高地位的人。本文側(cè)重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的思維品質(zhì)。
1. C推理判斷題。本題題干意為:作者在上小學(xué)的低年級(jí)時(shí)是什么樣的女孩?根據(jù)題干中的early years f elementary schl可定位到第一段第一句中的 During the rsy years f elementary schl, I enjyed sharing my dlls and jkes(喜歡分享玩偶和笑話), 因此可以推斷作者是大方的, 故選C項(xiàng)。A:不友善的;B:孤獨(dú)的;D:酷的。
2. A 主旨大意題。本題題干意為:第二段的主要內(nèi)容是什么?根據(jù)第二段第二句Mitch Prinstein, a prfessr f clinical psychlgy srts the ppular int tw categries: the likable and the status seekers. 可知, 本段對(duì)受歡迎的人進(jìn)行分類, 故選A項(xiàng)。B:青少年的特點(diǎn);C:人際交往技巧的重要性;D:不光彩行為的原因。
3. B 細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:Prinstein博士的研究中針對(duì)最受喜歡的小孩的發(fā)現(xiàn)是什么?根據(jù)題干中的study和 the mst liked kids 可定位到第四段中的It clearly shwed that while likability can lead t healthy adjustment，high status has just the ppsite effect n us。healthy adjustment(調(diào)整, 適應(yīng))對(duì)應(yīng)B項(xiàng)中的 adaptable(能適應(yīng)的), 故答案為B項(xiàng)。A:他們顯得有侵略性;C:他們喜歡最高的地位;D:他們學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)很好。
4. A主旨大意題。本題題干意為:本文最好的標(biāo)題是什么?文章將受歡迎的人分成兩類——討人喜歡的人和追逐高地位的人。根據(jù)對(duì)這兩種人的介紹可以總結(jié)出整篇文章都是在引導(dǎo)讀者做討人喜歡的人, 對(duì)人友善、學(xué)會(huì)分享、敞開(kāi)心扉, 因此答案為A項(xiàng)。B:地位越高越好;C:做到最好你可以做到;D:自制力越強(qiáng), 侵略性越小。
二、◎語(yǔ)篇解讀 為了應(yīng)對(duì)肥胖和心臟病, 醫(yī)學(xué)界鼓勵(lì)大家食用低脂肪、少鹽的食物。但是如果過(guò)于極端的話, 也會(huì)適得其反。
1. as考查介詞。醫(yī)學(xué)界將其作為一種對(duì)抗心臟病的方法。as在此處作介詞, 意為“作為”。
2. effects考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。這種趨勢(shì)有些非計(jì)劃的副作用, 如超重和心臟病。side effect表示“副作用”, 為可數(shù)名詞, 根據(jù)such as verweight and heart disease可知, 副作用有多種, 故填復(fù)數(shù)形式。
3. t prcess考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。根據(jù)require sth. t d sth. (需要某物做某事)以及其被動(dòng)形式可知此處填不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。
4. are remved考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:脂肪和鹽分從食物中去除后, 食物嘗起來(lái)就好像缺失了什么東西。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境可知, 狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài), fat and salt作主語(yǔ), 與remve之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系, 故用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
5. a考查冠詞。句意:結(jié)果, 人們會(huì)吃更多的東西來(lái)努力彌補(bǔ)所缺的東西。as a result結(jié)果。
6. wrse考查比較級(jí)。句意:更糟糕的是, 人們所吃的快餐的量會(huì)上升。even wrse更糟的是, 此處與上句中提到的“eat mre fd”相比較, 故用比較級(jí)。
7. is考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。根據(jù)上下文可知, 此處用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí), 主語(yǔ)為fast fd, 故系動(dòng)詞用is。
8. eating考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。by在此處為介詞, 表示方式, 故后面接動(dòng)名詞形式。
9. careful考查形容詞。句意:然而, 小心不要走極端。設(shè)空處在系動(dòng)詞be后, 作表語(yǔ), 故用形容詞。
10. which考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:和其他東西一樣, 兩者都有可能食用過(guò)多, 這對(duì)健康是沒(méi)有好處的。設(shè)空處指代前面的一句話, 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句, 故填 which。
三、◎語(yǔ)篇解讀 本文是說(shuō)明文。主題語(yǔ)境是人與自我, 主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容為認(rèn)識(shí)自我, 完善自我。文章從介紹動(dòng)機(jī)和目標(biāo)開(kāi)始, 告訴我們?nèi)绾未_立正確的動(dòng)機(jī)和目標(biāo)對(duì)我們更有益。本文旨在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生科學(xué)認(rèn)識(shí)自我、激勵(lì)自我、辯證看待問(wèn)題、合理解決問(wèn)題的能力。
(1) G過(guò)渡句。句意:若沒(méi)有動(dòng)機(jī), 你既不能設(shè)定目標(biāo), 也不能達(dá)成目標(biāo)。由設(shè)空處上句話 Mtivatin and gal setting are the tw sides f the same cin. (動(dòng)機(jī)和目標(biāo)的設(shè)定是一件事情的兩個(gè)方面。)可知, 動(dòng)機(jī)是很重要的。根據(jù)設(shè)空處下句Like the child n the diving bard, yu will stay undecided. 可知, 中間需要加一個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的句子:若沒(méi)有動(dòng)機(jī)……。故選G。
(2) B主旨句。句意:那么, 你應(yīng)該如何激勵(lì)自己呢?該題中，設(shè)空處位于文章第二段開(kāi)頭, 可能會(huì)是該段的主旨句。設(shè)空處后面的 hw shuld yu stay mtivated t achieve the gal 也是引出該段話題或是對(duì)主旨句的進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明。另根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)一致的原則, 可找到與此問(wèn)句結(jié)構(gòu)一致的選項(xiàng)B: S hw shuld yu mtivate yurself?故選B。
(3) A過(guò)渡句。句意:這可能會(huì)影響你的工作。根據(jù)設(shè)空處前面的句子There are times when yur heart is nt in yur wrk. (有時(shí)你的心會(huì)不在你的工作上。)可知, 接下來(lái)會(huì)說(shuō)這樣做的后果(影響你的工作)。設(shè)空處后面介紹正確的做法。故選A。
(4) E細(xì)節(jié)句。句意:它們可以根據(jù)情況來(lái)改變。設(shè)空處前面的句子提到Remember that gals are flexible. (要記得目標(biāo)是靈活的。), 接下來(lái)可能會(huì)接著解釋它們會(huì)改變。選項(xiàng)E中的They 與上句話中的gals指代一致。故選E。
(5) C過(guò)渡句。句意:然而, 這不應(yīng)該使你泄氣。由設(shè)空處上句話中的yu may want t be a pilt but can't becme ne because yur eyesight is nt gd enugh(你可能想成為一名飛行員, 但因?yàn)槟愕囊暳Σ粔蚝枚荒艹蔀橐幻w行員)可知, 接下來(lái)會(huì)告訴我們解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的辦法。根據(jù)設(shè)空處下句話中的Yu shuld reassess yur gals(你應(yīng)該重新評(píng)估你的目標(biāo))可知, 選C項(xiàng)。

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