
主題語(yǔ)境:人與社會(huì) 難易度:★★ 語(yǔ)篇類型:說(shuō)明文 建議用時(shí):8
(2020課標(biāo)全國(guó)I,C)
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact(接觸)with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries(卡路里)per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking,althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1,000 r mre calries per hur.
Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1.4 times their bdy weight with each step.
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt’s strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.
詞匯積累 1. apprximately adv.大約2. cnsiderable adj.相當(dāng)大的 3. cnsult v.咨詢4. experienced adj.有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的
1. Why are race walkers cnditined athletes?
A. They must run lng distances.
B. They are qualified fr the marathn.
C. They have t fllw special rules.
D. They are gd at swinging their legs.
2. What advantage des race walking have ver running?
A. It’s mre ppular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s mre effective in bdy building.
D. It’s less likely t cause knee injuries.
3. What is Dr. Nrberg’s suggestin fr smene trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ pinins.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced cach.
D. Ding regular exercises.
4. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
A. Skeptical.
B. Objective.
C. Tlerant.
D. Cnservative.
Ⅱ.七選五
主題語(yǔ)境:人與自然 難易度:★★ 語(yǔ)篇類型:說(shuō)明文 建議用時(shí):7
(2019課標(biāo)全國(guó)I)
Is Fresh Air Really Gd fr Yu?
We all grew up hearing peple tell us t “g ut and get sme fresh air.” 1 Accrding t recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in yur camping area is gd.
2 If the air yu're breathing is clean-which it wuld be if yu’re away frm the smg f cities—then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing xygen. If yu exercise ut f drs, yur bdy will learn t breathe mre deeply, allwing even mre xygen t get t yur muscles(肌肉)and yur brain.
Recently, peple have begun studying the cnnectin between the natural wrld and healing(治愈). 3 In these places patients can g t be near nature during their recvery. It turns ut that just lking at green, grwing things can reduce stress lwer bld pressure, and put peple int a better md(情緒). Greenery is gd fr us. Hspital patients wh see tree branches ut their windw are likely t recver at a faster rate than patients wh see buildings r sky instead. 4 It gives us a great feeling f peace.
5 While the sun’s rays can age and harm ur skin, they als give us beneficial vitamin D. T make sure yu get enugh vitamin D—but still prtect yur skin—put n sunscreen right as yu head utside. It takes sunscreen abut fifteen minutes t start wrking, and that’s plenty f time fr yur skin t absrb a day’s wrth f vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans ur lungs.
B. S what are yu waiting fr?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Anther side benefit f getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as gd fr yu as yur mther always said?
F. Just as imprtantly, we tend t assciate fresh air with health care.
G. All acrss the cuntry, recvery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
詞匯積累
1. muscle n.肌肉
2. reduce v.減少
3. age v.使變老
4. beneficial adj.有益的
5. absrb vt.吸收
6. quality n.質(zhì)量
7. recvery n.恢復(fù)
8. turn ut結(jié)果是
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
Ⅲ語(yǔ)法填空
主題語(yǔ)境:人與自然 難易度:★★ 語(yǔ)篇類型:說(shuō)明文 建議用時(shí):7
(2018課標(biāo)全國(guó)I)
Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years 1 (lng) than nn-runners. Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng 2 (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f 3 (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it 4 (be) mre effective at lengthening life 5 walking, cycling r swimming. Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 6 shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all 7 (cause).
The best exercise is ne that yu enjy and will d. But ’s prbably running. T avid knee pain, yu can run n sft surfaces, d exercises t 8 (strength) yur leg muscles(肌肉), avid hills and get gd running shes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 9 (energy). If yu are time pr, yu need run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give 10 a try.
詞匯積累
l. evidence n.證據(jù)
2. jurnal n.雜志
3. reduce ν.減少
4. effective adj.有效的
5. therwise adv.否則
6. reduce ne’s risk f...降低某人……的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
7. give…a try試一試……
1. ________ 2. ________ 3. ________ 4. ________ 5. ________
6. ________ 7. ________ 8. ________ 9. ________ 10. ________
參考答案:
Ⅰ.語(yǔ)篇解讀 本文為說(shuō)明文。主題語(yǔ)境是人與社會(huì),主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容是競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)。文章介紹了競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)及其利弊。文章旨在培養(yǎng)學(xué)生了解運(yùn)動(dòng),認(rèn)識(shí)體育,積極、科學(xué)地參加體育活動(dòng)的品質(zhì)。
1. C【解析】推理判斷題。本題題干意為:為什么競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)員是受制約的運(yùn)動(dòng)員?根據(jù)文章的第二段可知,競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)有非常特殊的動(dòng)作要求,所以C項(xiàng)(他們不得不遵守特別的規(guī)則)正確。A:他們必須跑長(zhǎng)距離;B:他們有跑馬拉松的資格;D:他們善于擺腿。
2. D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:和跑步相比,競(jìng)走有什么優(yōu)勢(shì)?根據(jù)文章最后一段的第一句可知,一些和跑步相關(guān)的身體損傷,如膝蓋損傷,在競(jìng)走中就不常見(jiàn),故D項(xiàng)正確。A:它在奧運(yùn)會(huì)中更受歡迎;B:它對(duì)身體的要求更?。籆:它對(duì)健身更有效果。
3. A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為:Nrberg博士對(duì)想嘗試競(jìng)走的人的建議是什么?根據(jù)文章最后一段的倒數(shù)第二句話可知,博土認(rèn)為,任何一個(gè)想嘗試競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)的人都要先向教練或有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)員學(xué)習(xí)正確的技巧。故A項(xiàng)正確。B:做醫(yī)療檢查;C:雇一個(gè)有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的教練;D:經(jīng)常鍛煉。
4. B【解析】推理判斷題。本題題干意為:哪個(gè)單詞可以最準(zhǔn)確地描述作者對(duì)競(jìng)走的態(tài)度?在文章中,作者客觀地介紹了競(jìng)走運(yùn)動(dòng)的特點(diǎn)以及優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),因此B項(xiàng)(客觀的)正確。A:懷疑的C:寬容的;D:保守的。
Ⅱ.語(yǔ)篇解讀 本文體裁為說(shuō)明文。主題語(yǔ)境為人與自然,主題語(yǔ)境內(nèi)容為人與環(huán)境。文章圍繞新鮮空氣是否對(duì)我們有好處這一話題進(jìn)行闡述。本文側(cè)重培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言能力。
1. E【解析】過(guò)渡句。設(shè)空處前句提到“g ut and get sme fresh air”,空格處馬上針對(duì)呼吸新鮮空氣這件事情進(jìn)行提問(wèn),然后設(shè)空處后一句就是針對(duì)提問(wèn)的回答“the answer is a big YES”,所以選擇E項(xiàng)。
2. A【解析】主題句。設(shè)空處后面一整段都是在闡述呼吸新鮮空氣的好處,尤其兩次提到 xygen(氧氣),且設(shè)空處位于段首,所以設(shè)空處是整段的主題句,而且話題需要一致,xygen與A項(xiàng)中的 lungs有聯(lián)系,所以選擇A項(xiàng)。
3. G【解析】細(xì)節(jié)句。設(shè)空處前一句中的關(guān)鍵詞 healing與G項(xiàng)中的Healing對(duì)應(yīng),G項(xiàng)中的 recvery與設(shè)空處后一句中的 recvery對(duì)應(yīng)。此外,G項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn) Healing gardens,后一句馬上出現(xiàn)In these places來(lái)指代 Healing gardens,因此答案是G項(xiàng)。
4. C【解析】主題句。根據(jù)本段的第三句 In these places patients can g t be near nature during their recvery.可知,此段講了接近大自然有助于病人的康復(fù),而下文對(duì)有哪些幫助進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,所以在本段的最后再次進(jìn)行總結(jié),話題依然是與大自然有關(guān),而且是總結(jié)性質(zhì)的句子,所以選擇C項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)中 nature與話題一致,與設(shè)空處后一句均是對(duì)本段話題的收尾。
5. D【解析】主題句。根據(jù)設(shè)空處位置可以推測(cè)此處為主題句,是對(duì)本段話題的開(kāi)啟。設(shè)空處后一句中的 the sun’s rays與D項(xiàng)中的 sunlight對(duì)應(yīng)。而D項(xiàng)中的 Anther side benefit f getting fresh air又是對(duì)前面段落中闡述呼吸新鮮空氣有好處的延伸,因此D項(xiàng)是最佳選項(xiàng)。
長(zhǎng)難句分析
原句 If yu exercise ut f drs, yur bdy will learn t breathe mre deeply, allwing even mre xygen t get t yur muscles and yur brain.
句意 如果你在戶外鍛煉,你的身體就會(huì)學(xué)會(huì)呼吸地更深,允許更多的氧氣到達(dá)你的肌肉和你的大腦。
分析 本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。yur bdy will learn t breathe mre deeply是主句,If引導(dǎo)的是條件狀語(yǔ)從句,而allwing even mre xygen t get t yur muscles and yur brain則是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。
原句 Hspital patients wh see tree branches ut their windw are likely t recver at a faster rate than patients wh see buildings r sky instead。
句意 醫(yī)院里看到窗外有樹(shù)枝的病人可能比看到建筑物或天空的病人恢復(fù)得更快。
分析 本句是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句。句中的兩個(gè)wh引導(dǎo)的是限制性定語(yǔ)從句,分別修飾其前面的先行詞 patients。
Ⅲ.語(yǔ)篇解讀 本文為說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了跑步對(duì)人們保持身體健康的好處。
1. lnger【解析】句意:根據(jù)一份醫(yī)學(xué)雜志中的證據(jù)報(bào)告,跑步者比非跑步者的壽命要長(zhǎng)3年。根據(jù)題干中的than可知設(shè)空處需用副詞比較級(jí)形式,故填 lnger。
2. t see【解析】句意:你不必為了弄清跑步帶來(lái)的好處而跑得很快、很久本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。由句意可知,此處在句中作目的狀語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)yu與動(dòng)詞see為主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故填不定式的主動(dòng)式 t see。
3. dying【解析】句意:你可能飲酒、吸煙、超重,但你仍然可以通過(guò)跑步降低過(guò)早死亡的危險(xiǎn)。本題考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。介詞(f)后需用動(dòng)名詞形式作賓語(yǔ),根據(jù)提示詞die可知設(shè)空處填 dying。
4. is【解析】句意:雖然經(jīng)常跑步不可能使你長(zhǎng)生不老,但報(bào)告上說(shuō)與走路、騎自行車或游泳相比,跑步對(duì)延長(zhǎng)壽命更有效。本題考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。設(shè)空處所在從句被用來(lái)介紹一種理論,需用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí);再根據(jù)主語(yǔ)it及提示詞be可知設(shè)空處填is。
5. than【解析】本題考查介詞。根據(jù)題干中的“mre effective”可知設(shè)空處需填介詞than,意為“比”。
6. that/which【解析】句意:該報(bào)告的其中兩名作者在2014年還發(fā)表了一項(xiàng)研究,這項(xiàng)研究表明每天只跑步5至10分鐘便可以降低患心臟病或由于各種原因?qū)е逻^(guò)早死亡的危險(xiǎn)。本題考查定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞為 study,指“物”;將先行詞代入定語(yǔ)從句為:The study shwed a mere 5 t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and…由此可見(jiàn)關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),故填that或 which。
7. causes【解析】本題考查名詞的“數(shù)”。cause作“原因”講,為可數(shù)名詞;根據(jù)設(shè)空處前的a可知設(shè)空處填名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填 causes。
8. strengthen【解析】句意:為了避免膝蓋疼痛,你可以在柔軟的地面上跑步、鍛煉以增強(qiáng)你的腿部肌肉設(shè)空處作目的狀語(yǔ),需用不定式形式,故在不定式符號(hào)t后填動(dòng)詞原形 strengthen。
9. energetic【解析】設(shè)空處作表語(yǔ),表示主語(yǔ)的特征,故填形容詞 energetic。
10. it/running【解析】句意:如果你時(shí)間不充裕,你只需要花費(fèi)其他運(yùn)動(dòng)一半的時(shí)間去跑步便可獲得同樣的收益,因此或許我們都應(yīng)該試一試跑步。設(shè)空處作give的賓語(yǔ),需填名詞或代詞,因此用it代替上文中的 running或直接填 running作賓語(yǔ)。
長(zhǎng)難句分析
原句 While running regularly can’t make yu live frever the review says it is mre effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling r swimming.
句意 雖然經(jīng)常跑步不可能使你長(zhǎng)生不老,但報(bào)告說(shuō)與走路、騎自行車或游泳相比,跑步對(duì)延長(zhǎng)壽命更有效。
分析 While running regularly can’t make yu live frever為讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,后面的為主句。在主句中 it is mre effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling r swimming為賓語(yǔ)從句,作says的賓語(yǔ)。
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