
主題語境:人與自然 難易度:★★ 語篇類型:說明文 建議用時:7
(2019浙江,C)
Califrnia has lst half its big trees since the 1930s, accrding t a study t published Tuesday and climate change seems t a majr factr(因素).
The number f trees larger than tw feet acrss has declined by 50 percent n mre than 46, 000 square miles f Califrnia frests,the new study finds. N area was spared r unaffected, frm the fggy nrthern cast t the Sierra Nevada Muntains t the San Gabriels abve Ls Angeles. In the Sierra high cuntry, the number f big trees has fallen by mre than 55 percent; in parts f suthern Califrnia the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Many factrs cntributed t the decline, said Patrick McIntyre, an eclgist wh was the lead authr f the study. Wdcutters targeted big trees. Husing develpment pushed int the wds. Aggressive wildfire cntrl has left Califrnia frests crwded with small trees that cmpete with big trees fr resurces(資源).
But in cmparing a study f Califrnia frests dne in the 1920s and 1930s with anther ne between 2001 and 2010, McIntyre and his clleagues dcumented a widespread death f big trees that was evident even in wildlands prtected frm wdcutting r develpment.
The lss f big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shrtage. The researchers figured ut water stress with a cmputer mdel that calculated hw much water trees were getting in cmparisn with hw much they needed taking int accunt such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness f sil, and the timing f snwmelt(融雪).
Since the 1930s, McIntyre said, the biggest factrs driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees t lse mre water t the air, and earlier snwmelt, which reduces the water supply available t trees during the dry seasn.
詞匯積累
l. decline v.下降;謝絕
2. fggy adj.有霧的;頭腦迷糊的;記憶模糊的
3. target vt.把……作為目標;把……對準
4. cmpete vi.爭奪;競爭
5. evident adj.明顯的
6. calculate vt.計算;預測;估計
7. dampness n.潮濕
1. What is the secnd paragraph mainly abut?
A. The seriusness f big-tree lss in Califrnia.
B. The increasing variety f Califrnia big trees.
C. The distributin f big trees in Califrnia frests.
D. The influence f farming n big trees in Califrnia.
2. Which f the fllwing is well-intentined but may be bad fr big trees?
A. Eclgical studies f frests.
B. Banning wdcutting.
C. Limiting husing develpment.
D. Fire cntrl measures.
3. What is a majr cause f the water shrtage accrding t McIntyre?
A. Inadequate snwmelt.
B. A lnger dry seasn.
C. A warmer climate.
D. Dampness f the air.
4. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. Califrnia’s Frests: Where Have All the big Trees Gne?
B. Cutting f big Trees t Be Prhibited in Califrnia Sn
C. Why Are the big Trees Imprtant t Califrnia Frests?
D. Patrick McIntyre Grw Mre Big Trees in Califrnia
Ⅱ.完形填空
主題語境:人與自然 難易度:★★ 語篇類型:記敘文 建議用時:12
(2020新高考I)
Mlai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near sme wetlands which became his secnd 1 . He learned the value and beauty f 2 there frm a very yung age.
When he was 16, Mlai began t ntice smething 3 happening arund his hme. A fld had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number f birds. 5 , the number f snakes had declined as well. He 6 that it was because there weren’t enugh trees t prtect them frm the 7 . The slutin, f curse, was t plant trees s the animals culd seek 8 during the daytime. He turned t the 9 department fr help but was tld that nthing wuld grw there. Hwever, Mlai went lking n his wn and 10 a nearby island where he began t plant tree.
11 yung plants in the dry seasn was 12 fr a lne by. Mlai built at the 13 f each sapling(幼樹)a bamb platfrm, where he placed earthen pts with small hles t 14 rainwater. The water wuld then drip(滴落)n the plants belw.
Mlai 15 t plant trees fr the next 37 years. His effrts have resulted in 1,360 acres f naturally grwn land that has becme hme t many plants and animals.
1. A. dream B. jb C. hme D. chice
2. A. nature B. yuth C. culture D. knwledge
3. A. precius B. interesting C. disturbing D. awkward
4. A. waste B. tensin C. pain D. damage
5. A. Besides B. Hwever C. Therefre D. Otherwise
6. A. agreed B. realized C. remembered D. predicted
7. A. nise B. heat C. disease D. dust
8. A. directins B. partners C. help D. shelter
9. A. labr B. plice C. frest D. finance
10. A. rebuilt B. discvered C. left D. managed
11. A. Decrating B. Observing C. Watering D. Guarding
12. A. tugh B. illegal C. fantastic D. beneficial
13. A. back B. tp C. ft D. Side
14. A. cl dwn B. keep ff C. purify D. cllect
15. A. returned B. learned C. failed D. cntinued
詞匯積累
1. decline ν.下降
2. turn t(使)轉(zhuǎn)向,求助于
3. platfrm n.臺,站臺,平臺
4. result in引起,導致
5. drive away驅(qū)趕,驅(qū)走
6. a number f許多
7. slutin n.解決方案
8. disturbing adj.令人不安的
9. shelter n.庇護
10. water ν.澆灌
參考答案:
I.語篇解讀 本文是一篇說明文。主題語境為人與自然,主題語境內(nèi)容是人與植物。文章的主要內(nèi)容是加利福尼亞大樹死亡的原因分析。文章側重于培養(yǎng)學生有關自然環(huán)境、人類生存與環(huán)境的關系方面的素養(yǎng)。
1.A【解析】推理判斷題。本題題干意為“文章第二段的主要內(nèi)容是什么?”。文章第二段用比較詳實的數(shù)據(jù)陳述了加利福尼亞大樹死亡的嚴重情況。因此A項(加利福尼亞大樹死亡的嚴重情況)符合題意。B:加利福尼亞大樹多樣性的增加;C:加利福尼亞森林中大樹的分布;D:農(nóng)業(yè)對加利福尼亞大樹的影響。
2.D【解析】推理判斷題。本題題干意為“下面哪種措施用意良好,但對大樹有可能是有害的?”。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Aggressive wildfire cntrl has left Califrnia frests crwded with small trees that cmpete with big trees fr resurces.”(激進的野火控制使得加利福尼亞的森林里擠滿了小樹,而這些小樹會與大樹爭奪資源)可知,控制野火的用意是好的,但是似乎對大樹并不好,故D項(火的控制措施)正確。A:森林的生態(tài)研究;B:樹木砍伐禁令;C:限制住房開發(fā)。
3.C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為“根據(jù) McIntyre的說法,缺水的主要原因是什么?”。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知,McIntyre認為自從20世紀30年代以來,缺水的主要原因是溫度的上升。所以C項(更熱的氣候)符合題意。A:融雪不足;B:更長的旱季;D:空氣潮濕。
4.A【解析】主旨大意題。本題題干意為“本文合適的標題是什么?”本文的主要內(nèi)容是加利福尼亞大樹死亡原因的分析。文章的核心信息是 Califrnia、big trees、lss因此A項是比較合適的題目,包括了文章的核心信息。B:加利福尼亞將很快禁止砍伐大樹;C:為什么大樹對加利福尼亞森林是重要的?;D Patrick McIntyre:在加利福尼亞種更多的大樹。
長難句分析
原句 But in cmparing a study f Califrnia frests dne in the 1920s and 1930s with anther ne between 2001 and 2010. McIntyre and his clleagues dcumented a widespread death f big trees that was evident even in wildlands prtected frm wdcutting r develpment.
句意 但是,在將20世紀20年代和30年代對加利福尼亞森林的研究與2001年至2010年的另一項研究進行比較時,McIntyre和他的同事們記錄了一場大范圍的大樹死亡,這種現(xiàn)象甚至在禁止砍伐和開發(fā)以對其進行保護的荒地也很明顯。
分析 句子的主干是 McIntyre and his clleagues dcumented a widespread death f big trees in cmparing a study f Califrnia frests dne in the 1920s and 1930s with anther ne between2001and2010是介詞結構作狀i that was evident even in wildlands prtected frm wdcutting r develpment是定語從句。
Ⅱ.語篇解讀 本文為記敘文,主題語境是人與自然,主題語境內(nèi)容為環(huán)境保護。一場水災使一片有著鳥語花香的濕地變得荒蕪,莫萊用了37年的時間植樹造林,使這里重新成為動植物的家園。本文旨在培養(yǎng)學生的環(huán)保意識。
1.C【解析】考查名詞。莫萊在印度的一個小村莊長大,這個村莊坐落在一些濕地附近,那里成為他的第二個家園(hme)。A:夢,夢想;B:工作;D:選擇。
2.A【解析】考查名詞。句意:他很小就認識到了那里大自然(nature)的價值和美麗。B:青年,青春;C:文化;D:知識。
3.C【解析】考查形容詞。句意:當他16歲的時候,莫萊開始注意到他家的周圍發(fā)生了一些令人不安的(disturbing)事情。由下文可知,洪水破壞了此地的自然環(huán)境,使動物在濕地上無法生存,所以令人不安。A:寶貴的;B:有趣的;D:令人尷尬的,笨拙的。
4.D【解析】考查名詞。句意:那年早些時候,一場洪水襲擊了該地區(qū),造成的破壞(damage)使許多鳥類被迫離開。A:廢物;B:緊張;C:痛苦。
5.A【解析】考查副詞。句意:此外(besides),蛇的數(shù)量也下降了。B:然而;C:所以;D:否則。
6.B【解析】考查動詞。句意:他意識到(realize)這是因為沒有足夠的樹木來保護它們免受高溫。A:同意;C:記得,記住;D:預料。
7.B【解析】考查名詞。句意:他意識到這是因為沒有足夠的樹木來保護它們免受高溫(heat)。由上文可知水災破壞了濕地的植被,毀壞了濕地的自然環(huán)境,使動物在白天因為太熱無處藏身。A:噪音;C:疾??;D:灰塵。
8.D【解析】考查名詞。句意:當然,解決辦法是種樹,以便這些動物可以在白天尋求庇護(shelter)。A:方向;B:伙伴,搭檔;C幫助。
9.C【解析】考查名詞。句意:他向森林(frest)部門尋求幫助,但被告知那里什么都不會生長。A:勞動;B:警察;D:金融。
10.B【解析】考查動詞。句意:然而,莫萊獨自去看了看,發(fā)現(xiàn)(discver)了附近的一個島嶼,在那里他開始種樹。A:重建;C:離開,剩下;D:經(jīng)營,管理。
11.C【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意:在旱季澆灌(watering)幼小的植物對男孩一個人來說是艱難的。A:裝飾,點綴;B:觀察,遵守;D:保衛(wèi),守護。
12.A【解析】考查形容詞。句意:在旱季澆灌幼小的植物對男孩一個人來說是艱難的(tugh)。B:違法的;C:極好的,怪誕的;D:有益的。
13.B【解析】考查名詞。句意:莫萊在每棵幼樹的頂部(tp)建造了個竹子平臺,在那里他放置了帶有小孔的陶罐來收集雨水。A:背面,后面;C:底部;D:側面。
14.D【解析】考查動詞及動詞短語。句意:莫萊在每棵幼樹的頂部建造了一個竹子平臺,在那里他放置了帶有小孔的陶罐來收集(cllect)雨水。A:變涼;B:不接近;C:使純凈,凈化。
l5.D【解析】考查動詞。莫萊在接下來的37年里繼續(xù)(cntinue)植樹,他的努力已經(jīng)使得1,360英畝自然生長的土地成為許多植物和動物的家園。A:回來;B:學習;C:衰退,失敗。
長難句分析
原句 Mlai built at the tp f each sapling a bamb platfrm,where he placed earthen pts with small hles t cllect rainwater.
句意 莫萊在每棵幼樹的頂部建造了一個竹子平臺,在那里他放置了帶有小孔的陶罐來收集雨水。
分析 這是一個主從復合句。where引導定語從句,修飾先行詞 platfrm,where在定語從句中作地點狀語;介詞短語 with small hles作定語,修飾名詞pts;不定式t cllect rainwater作目的狀語。
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