動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)是高考必考考點。時態(tài)（tense）是一種動詞形式，同一動詞的不同變化形式表達不同的時態(tài)，英語中有16種時態(tài)。《2017年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試大綱》附錄語法項目表中對于時態(tài)列了十項：（1）一般現(xiàn)在時（2）一般過去時（3）一般將來時（4）現(xiàn)在進行時（5）過去進行時（6）過去將來時（7）將來進行時（8）現(xiàn)在完成時（9）過去完成時（10）現(xiàn)在完成進行時；此外還列了被動語態(tài)，并將其作為單獨一項。
動詞的時態(tài)
一、一般現(xiàn)在時：動詞原形或第三人稱單數(shù)
1．構(gòu)成：使用動詞原形，第三人稱單數(shù)須有變化。
（1）直接加“s”：wrk→wrks，take→takes
（2）以輔音加“y”結(jié)尾，變“y”為“i”，再加“es”：carry→carries
（3）以“, s, x, ch, sh”結(jié)尾的動詞加“es”：g→ges，dress→dresses，watch→watches，finish→finishes
2．功能：
（1）表現(xiàn)在的事實、狀態(tài)或動作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I have a dream.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She lves music.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Mary's parents get up very early.
（2）表習(xí)慣性動作或職業(yè)，常與ften，smetimes，usually，always，every week，ccasinally，frequently，seldm等時間副詞連用。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I always take a walk after supper.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She writes t me very ften.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③She is an English teacher.
（3）表客觀真理，格言警句或事實。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The earth mves arund the sun.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Tw and tw makes fur.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④ N man but errs.
（4）表示將來發(fā)生的動作：
A．在由when，after, befre，as，as sn as，althugh，because，if，even if，in case，till，until，unless，as lng as，where，whatever，wherever 等引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來發(fā)生的動作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① I'll tell her when she cmes tmrrw.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ② Even if it rains this afternn, I'll meet yu.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Whatever happens, yu shuld keep cl-headed.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④ I'll be right here waiting fr yu wherever yu g.
B．按時間表將要發(fā)生的動作或事件，用一般現(xiàn)在時表達將來時概念。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The play begins at 6:30 this evening.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②When des the plane take ff?
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③He leaves fr that city next week.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④Accrding t the timetable, the train starts at 9 ’clck.
二．一般過去時：動詞的過去式
1．表示過去某個特定時間或某一段時間發(fā)生的動作或情況。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①We visited the schl last spring.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I went t schl by bike when I was in middle schl.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③China was funded in 1949.
2．在表示時間或條件等的狀語從句中代替過去將來時。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She tld me she wuld’t g with us if it rained the next day.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②They wuld nt leave until she came back.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③His girlfriend prmised t marry him nce he bught her a big huse.
三．一般將來時：shall / will + 動詞原形
1．表示將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He will graduate frm the cllege next year.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We shall finish ur wrk as quickly as pssible.
2．將來時的其它結(jié)構(gòu)。 例如：
I .is/am/are ging t d sth.（美國口語中常讀作be gnna）
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I'm ging t buy a new car this fall.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He is ging t sell his huse.
注意：be ging t與will的對比：下列情況須用will
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I will be sixteen years ld next year.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②It will be the 20th f August tmrrw.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③When he cmes, I will give him yur message.
II. is/am/are + t d sth.表示計劃安排做某事或征求意見。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Am I t take ver his wrk?
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We are t meet at the gate.
III. is/am/are abut t d sth. 即將做某事。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The talk is abut t begin.
四．一般過去將來時：wuld + 動詞原形
1.表示過去某時之后將出現(xiàn)的情況，通常用于賓語從句中。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He said that they wuld meet me at the statin.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She tld me that she wuld cme t see me.
2.表示過去習(xí)慣性動作（不管什么人稱都用wuld）。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Whenever he had time,Tm wuld g t see his grandma.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The ld cuple wuld g fr a walk after supper.
注意句型：
was/were abut t d sth. when……正要做某事,這時……
=was/were n the pint f ding sth. when……（when引導(dǎo)的從句要用一般過去時）例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He was abut t g ut when the telephne rang.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I was abut t g shpping when it rained.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③She was n the pint f having supper when the light went ff.
五．現(xiàn)在進行時：is / am / are +現(xiàn)在分詞
1．表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The water is biling. Shall I make tea?
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The wrkers are building a new bridge acrss the river.
2．表現(xiàn)階段正進行的動作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He is taking physics this semester.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We are preparing fr ur final examinatin this week.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Dn't yu think yu eat t much? Yu're putting n weight.
3．g, cme, leave, arrive, land, meet, die, start, return, jin, etc.用于進行時態(tài)時表示即將開始的動作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ① Lk! The bus is cming.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The ld man is seriusly ill, and he is dying.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Alice is leaving fr Shanghai with her mther.
4．與 always, frever, cntinually, cnstantly 等副詞連用，表示說話人帶有感情色彩：贊賞或厭惡。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He is always thinking f thers.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The by is cntinually making nises.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The teacher is cnstantly criticizing her fr being late.
六．過去進行時：was /were +現(xiàn)在分詞
1．表示過去某一時刻或階段正在發(fā)生的動作。 例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I was playing chess at 8 yesterday evening.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②When I arrived, they were watching TV.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③They were ding husewrk this time last week.
2．用于條件狀語從句中表示過去將來進行的動作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She tld me t wake him up if she was sleeping.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I asked my friend t warn me abut it as lng as I was driving t fast.
3．過去某時將發(fā)生的事。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①They tld me that they were leaving fr New Yrk.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He was ging ut when I arrived.
七．將來進行時：shall / will be + 現(xiàn)在分詞
1．表示將來某個時刻正在進行的動作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①What will yu be ding this time tmrrw?
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I will be having dinner this time tmrrw.
2．用將來進行時詢問別人的計劃、打算比用一般將來時更顯禮貌。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Will yu be having supper with us this evening?
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Will yu be cming t see us tmrrw?
3．將來進行時表示對即將發(fā)生的動作的推測。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She will be arriving at Shanghai tmrrw mrning.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The car will be ging at the speed f 100 miles an hur.
八．現(xiàn)在完成時：have / has +過去分詞
1．表示過去所發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果。常與yet，just，befre，recently，lately，ever，never等表時間的副詞搭配使用。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He hasn't seen her lately.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I haven't finished the bk yet.
2．表示一個從過去某個時間開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并可能持續(xù)下去的動作，常與表示一段時間的時間狀語連用。如：s far（迄今為止），up till nw（直到現(xiàn)在），fr a lng time（很長時間），，in the past / in the last few years（在過去的幾年里），these days（這些日子）。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He has wrked here fr 15 years.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I have studied English since I came here.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The freigner has been away frm China fr a lng time.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④S far, I haven't received a single letter frm my brther.
3．某些非延續(xù)性動詞（即：動作開始便終止的動詞），在現(xiàn)在完成時中不能與表示一段時間狀語搭配。
I．常見的非延續(xù)動詞：die, arrive，jin，leave，g, refuse，fail，finish，buy，marry，divrce，awake ，buy，brrw，lend 等。
II．這類動詞并非不能用現(xiàn)在完成時，而是不能接常由fr引導(dǎo)的時間狀語。
III．但若是用在否定句中，非延續(xù)動詞的現(xiàn)在完成時可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She has gne away fr a mnth.（誤）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She has been away fr a mnth （正）
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The man has died fr tw years.（誤）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The man has been dead fr tw years.（正）
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Hw lng have yu bught the bk?（誤）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Hw lng have yu had the bk.（正）
4．幾組對比：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He has gne t Shanghai. 他去上海了。
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He has been t Shanghai. 他去過上海。
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She has gne.她已走了。
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She is gne.她缺席了。（r她死了。）
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The dr has been clsed.門關(guān)上了。（動作）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The dr is clsed.門是關(guān)著的。（狀態(tài)）
九．過去完成時：had + 過去分詞
1．表示過去某個動作或某個具體時間之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作，即“過去的過去”。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①They had gt everything ready befre I came.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The play had begun befre I gt t the theater with my byfriend.
2．過去完成時常用于 hardly / scarcely ... when, n sner ... than（“一……就”）等固定句型結(jié)構(gòu)中。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She had hardly / scarcely gne t bed when the bell rang.
=Hardly/Scarcely had she gne t bed when the bell rang.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He had n sner arrived at the railway statin than he met her parents.
=N sner had he arrived at the railway statin than he met her parents.
注意 ：hardly /scarcely/n sner 在句首時要用部分倒裝。
3．intend（打算），mean（打算），plan（計劃）hpe（希望），want（想要）等動詞的過去完成時用來表示“本打算/本計劃/本希望/本想要做而沒有”做的事。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I had intended t call n yu yesterday, but smene came t see me just when I was abut t leave.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②They had planned t hld a ftball match last week, but they had t cancel it because f the bad weather.
十．將來完成時：shall / will have +過去分詞。
表示將來某時之前已經(jīng)完成的動作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①They will have been here fr 5 years next Friday.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②By the end f this mnth, he will have finished the bk.
十一．現(xiàn)在完成進行時：have / has + been + 現(xiàn)在分詞
1．表示從過去某時開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作，并且還將持續(xù)下去。 例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I have been waiting fr an hur but she hasn't cme.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He has been running after her fr 8 years.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③I have been learning English since six years ag.
2．表示一個從過去開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可以包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的一個階段內(nèi)，重復(fù)發(fā)生的行動，例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
3.表某種感情色彩。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I've been wanting t see yu fr s many years.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Wh's been telling yu such nnsense.
現(xiàn)在完成時與現(xiàn)在完成進行時對比：
現(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)“結(jié)果”，而現(xiàn)在完成進行時強調(diào)“動作的延續(xù)”。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I have thught f it.（我已想到了這一點。）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I have been thinking f it.（我一直在想這一點。）
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Jim has painted the dr.（杰姆已將門油漆過了。）
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Jim has been painting the dr.（杰姆一直在油漆門。）
注意：表示狀態(tài)的動詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時。例如，我們可以說：I have knwn him fr years.但是不能說：I have been knwing him fr years.這類不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進行時的動詞還有：lve，like，hate等等。
十二．過去完成進行時：had been + 現(xiàn)在分詞
表示過去某個時間之前一直在進行的動作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①She said that she had been typing a paper befre I came in.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I had been waiting fr him befre he arrived.
十三．過去將來進行時：wuld be + 現(xiàn)在分詞
表示從過去某時看將來某個時侯正在進行的動作。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He asked me what I wuld be ding when he came the next day.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He said that he wuld be reading the bk all mrning tmrrw.
十四．過去將來完成時：wuld have +過去分詞
表示從過去某個時間看將來某時之前動作已經(jīng)完成。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He said that they wuld have arrived by seven 'clck.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I thught she wuld have tld yu smething by then.
十五．將來完成進行時：shall / will have been + 現(xiàn)在分詞
表示某一動作從某時間開始一直延續(xù)到將來某一時間，是否繼續(xù)下去由上下文決定。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①By the end f next year，we will have been ding business with each ther fr 20 years.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②We shall have been staying here fr fur weeks when Tm arrives.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③It will have been raining fr a week if it des nt stp tmrrw.
十六. 過去將來完成進行時：wuld have been + 現(xiàn)在分詞
表示從過去的某一時間開始一直延續(xù)到過去將來的某一時間。動作是否繼續(xù)進行，由上下文決定。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He said that by the end f the spring term he wuld have been studying English fr three years.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②She tld me that she wuld have been teaching in that university fr 10 years by that summer.
動詞的被動語態(tài)
一 .被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：被動語態(tài)由“be動詞+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，其中be動詞本身沒有意義，但有人稱、單復(fù)數(shù)以及時態(tài)的變化。(不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài))常見各種時態(tài)
對應(yīng)的被動語態(tài)：（以d為例）
二.含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)：
由情態(tài)動詞must/can/culd/may/might/shuld/wuld+be dne構(gòu)成。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The task must be finished befre this weekend.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②He shuld be punished because he tld lies.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③The bk may be taken away by smene.
三. 被動語態(tài)的用法：
1.不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者，或沒有必要指明誰是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)中的介詞短語by sb.通常省略。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The streets are swept every day.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②His car has been stlen.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Rice is grwn in many cuntries.
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④This kind f advertisement can be seen everywhere.
2.帶雙賓語的及物動詞變成被動語態(tài)有兩種變法，指人的間接賓語用作被動語態(tài)的主語更常見。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He gave her a beautiful gift yesterday.
→A beautiful gift was given t her (by him).或者
→ She was given a beautiful gift (by him).
3.get +過去分詞表被動，表示一種結(jié)果或狀態(tài)。常見結(jié)構(gòu)有：get killed/cheated/burnt/wunded/paid/hurt/lst/married/caught.例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①He gt killed in the traffic accident last week.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Dn’t get cheated by her beauty.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③He gt caught by the plice because he exceeded the speed limit.
4.have sth dne以及get sth dne（主要用于口語中）常常表示安排別人把事情做好或談?wù)撘馔獾摹⒉缓玫氖虑?。例如?br> = 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I need t have my hair cut.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Yur watch is brken,yu’d better get it repaired.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③If yu dn’t get ut f my huse, I will have yu arrested .
= 4 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ④We had ur mney stlen when we were n hliday.
= 5 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ⑤Je had his leg brken in a fight.
5.have sth t be dne表示主動提出請求幫助別人做某事。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①I am ging shpping ,d yu have anything t be bught?
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②I intend t spend my hliday in ur hmetwn,d yu have anything t be taken t yur parents?
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③D yu have anything t be typed,sir?
四．主動形式表被動意義：
1.lk，feel，taste，sund，smell，appear，seem，prve，turn，stay，becme，fall，get，keep，grw等系動詞+形容詞或名詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The ice feels cld.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②His plan prved practical.
2.表示開始、結(jié)果、運動的動詞，如begin，finish，start，pen，clse，stp，end，shut，run，mve等。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①Wrk began at 7'clck this mrning.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The shp clses at 6 p.m every day.
3.形容詞easy，hard，fit，nice，dangerus，difficult等后面接動詞不定式，且不定式和句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時，常用不定式的主動形式表示被動意義。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①This kind f water is fit t drink.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②The text is easy t understand.
4.某些動詞如read,write,sell,wash,clean,lck,pen,dry等在表示主語的某種性質(zhì)時，常用主動表被動。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The clthes washes well.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②Yur pen writes smthly.
5.其他的主動表被動的情況。例如：
= 1 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ①The bk is wrth reading.
= 2 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ②My bike needs/wants/requires repairing.
=My bike needs/wants/requires t be repaired.
= 3 \* GB3 \* MERGEFORMAT ③Wh is t blame?
動詞的時態(tài)與語態(tài)易錯點
易錯陷阱1：一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時易混易錯點
【分析】
The large siheyuan f these high-ranking fficials and wealthy businessmen ften________ (feature)beautifully carved and painted rf beams and pillars(柱子).
易錯分析：對一般規(guī)則死記硬背，不具體分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意。在時態(tài)題中，上下文的時態(tài)暗示是重要線索。應(yīng)當(dāng)在句中瞻前顧后尋找并列連詞and, but, r, rather than, r, nt als...等前后的謂語動詞形式確定所填謂語動詞的時態(tài)。
易錯陷阱2：一般過去時和過去完成時易混易錯點
【分析】
易錯陷阱3：現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時易混易錯點
【分析】
易錯陷阱4：主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)易混易錯點
【分析】
受母語干擾，翻譯上下文時混淆被動語態(tài)與主動語態(tài)。
混淆謂語動詞被動語態(tài)構(gòu)詞be+dne與非謂語動詞重點過去分詞dne。
不及物動詞及表示主語品質(zhì)和狀態(tài)的動詞不用被動語態(tài)，如：sell, read, write, lck, wash, drive等。系動詞不用被動語態(tài)，如：lk看起來, smell聞起來, taste嘗起來, sund聽起來, feel摸起來, prve證明時, turn ut結(jié)果，證明等。
【易錯點提醒一】 一般現(xiàn)在時、一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時易混易錯點
As a little girl, I ________ (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up.
易錯分析：不關(guān)注句中的時間狀語As a little girl和邏輯意思理解錯誤是失分原因。
The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that ________ (be)previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity t increase effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
易錯分析：句子較長，容易引起句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析失誤和翻譯的重心轉(zhuǎn)移，從而忽略關(guān)鍵詞previusly。
The bridge (call) the Bach Lng suspensin bridge. It means “White Dragn” in Vietnamese.
易錯分析：未能瞻前顧后，正確理解上下文的含義。下文means給出限速，強調(diào)客觀事實。
Panda cnservatin, n its wn, _____ (be) a success up t nw.
【易錯點提醒二】 一般過去時和過去完成時易混易錯點
He raised a glass f water and asked the audience, “Hw heavy d yu think this glass f water is?” The students’ answers (range) frm 20g t 500g.
易錯分析：本題重在分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，容易誤填ranging，應(yīng)知此處作謂語。謂語與非謂語的考查是高考的重點。
Nting China’s achievements f green develpment in urban and rural areas, Zhang Xiahng, vice minister f husing and urban-rural develpment, ___(stress) the difficult task f saving energy and reducing carbn emissins in urban and rural cnstructin at a press cnference n Mnday.
易錯分析：此句屬于長難句，句子結(jié)構(gòu)容易分析錯誤從而不會正確翻譯，同時上下文時態(tài)的兼顧也是解題重點。
Since the Chinese highly qualified silk_________(make) its fame t the western cuntries, the merchants sught the pprtunity f trading Chinese silk alng this rute and gained a great frtune.
易錯分析：此題容易因為since而受到干擾，應(yīng)當(dāng)正確分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，理解since此處表“因為”。不能單純看詞形識別時間狀語，英語單詞由很多是一詞多義，需具體分析上下文邏輯意思。
In fact, there is a Lanzhu Beef Ndles restaurant right dwnstairs, which is abut 100 yards frm ur Beijing apartment, My niece Kim came t visit us in Beijing this summer, and after visiting many fancy restaurants, she declared this bwl f ndles t be the best thing she (eat) in China ever.
【易錯點提醒三】現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時易混易錯點
I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I_____ （make）ver the years.
易錯分析：本題出錯主要因為固定短語記憶不牢及漢語翻譯已經(jīng)錯誤聯(lián)想had dne運用過去完成時則句中要出現(xiàn)表示過去的動作或時間。要牢記現(xiàn)在完成時經(jīng)常搭配的時間狀語：since, s far, up t nw, in/ver/during the past days等。
On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example,rughly 200 academics - many f them climate scientists （prmise） t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
易錯分析：受到母語翻譯影響，很多學(xué)生只要翻譯為“已經(jīng)”，就聯(lián)想到have的過去時had，繼而had dne, 屬于現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時構(gòu)成形式記憶不牢。
By Aug 19, Haihua Island________ (receive) ver 1 millin turists during the summer vacatin.
易錯分析：未能牢記過去完成時經(jīng)常搭配的時間狀語如by +過去時間，by the end f+過去時間。
He mentined that the Chinese market is significant fr jade prducts, and his business (perate) in China fr 10 years.
【易錯點提醒四】 主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)易混易錯點
Wudang martial arts based n the Taist idelgy (create) by ne f the mst famus Taists, named Zhang Sanfeng in the early years f the Ming Dynasty.
易錯分析：句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析錯誤，謂語動詞分析不當(dāng)，混淆謂語的被動語態(tài)和過去分詞都是錯誤原因。
Tday, the mdernist cmplex (stck) with s many art wrks that the exhibit arenas can shw just a part f them at a time, making the artistic special exhibitins a highlight f any visit t the Getty.
易錯分析：句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析錯誤，未能正確理解句子的意思和句子成分，本句屬于正確拆分長難句，并分析邏輯關(guān)系。
The chice f “Turret f Palace Museum” as the theme fr the mini building blck prject (base) n several factrs.
The reinfrced glass (use) fr the bridge can hld up t 450 peple at a time.
易錯分析：不關(guān)注設(shè)空后的句子成分，未能發(fā)現(xiàn)can hld才是真正的謂語動詞，容易誤填be dne。
高考模擬試題
一、單項選擇
1．（2024·天津和平·二模）—He has gt A fr his term paper. He must have prepared fr it fr a lng time.
—Exactly. He _______ the whle summer ding research thrugh Eurpe.
A．has spentB．had spentC．spentD．wuld spend
2．（2024·天津和平·二模）Accrding t the dctr, this time next week, I_______ arund as nrmal and the cut n my ft _______ cmpletely.
A．a(chǎn)m walking, healedB．will be walking, will have healed
C．walks, is ging t healD．have been walking, heals
3．（2024·天津·一模）The number f firms selling smartphnes in this regin ______ since last year.
A．drppedB．was being drpped
C．have been drppingD．has drpped
4．（2024·山東濟南·二模）-- ______?
--Yes, a bit cld, thugh.
A．Freezing, isn't itB．Nice day, isn't it
C．Bad weather, dn't yu thinkD．Cld weather, isn't it
5．（2024·天津·二模）Since its establishment, the Flying Tiger Histrical Assciatin ______ t friendly interactins between the Chinese and American peple.
A．has cntributedB．has been cntributing C．cntributedD．cntributes
6．（2024·天津·模擬預(yù)測）—I really shuldn’t have been s rude and lst my temper.
—Well. I ______ yu t hld back yur anger, but...
A．have remindedB．had remindedC．wuld remindD．reminded
7．（2024·天津武清·模擬預(yù)測）— Culd yu attend the lecture abut city develpment tmrrw afternn?
— Srry, I ______ t Paris fr a Chinese silk exhibitin then.
A．will be flyingB．will fly
C．flyD．a(chǎn)m flying
8．（2024·天津·二模）I miss my parents very much; I_______ frm my hme fr 5 mnths by next Sunday.
A．a(chǎn)m awayB．will have been awayC．have been awayD．will be away
9．（2024·天津·二模）There is a river near my hme, int which large quantities f waste water _______ pured every day in the past.
A．wereB．have beenC．wasD．has been
10．（2024·天津南開·一模）She ________that the glass wuld break while pening the windw.
A．has frightenedB．was frightenedC．frightenedD．had frightened
11．（2024·天津紅橋·一模）The cars prduced in ur factry sell well, but several years ag n ne culd have imagined the rle in the market that they ________.
A．were t playB．were playingC．had playedD．played
12．（2024·天津和平·一模）Shadw puppets ______ in China and ______ as far as Turkey and Greece tday.
A．will riginate; have been spreadingB．riginate; will be spreading
C．was riginated; is spreadingD．riginated; have spread
13．（2024·天津河?xùn)|·一模）I’m afraid I can’t g shpping with yu this Sunday afternn because I ______a meeting at that time.
A．will haveB．will be havingC．has hadD．wuld have
14．（2024·天津河北·一模）Nearly seventeen centuries ________ befre the city f Pmpeii was dug frm its silent resting place.
A．has rlled awayB．had rlled awayC．rlled awayD．was rlling away
15．（2024·天津和平·一模）I haven’t finished my hmewrk yet. I ______ my mther in the kitchen all day yesterday.
A．have been helping B．was helping C．had helpedD．have helped
16．（2024·陜西西安·三模）The students spent as much time getting trained as they ______ studying.
A．dislikedB．wereC．hadD．did
17．（2024廣東深圳·一模）Recent years ______ a significant increase in the use f AI acrss different aspects f human life.
A．sawB．See C．a(chǎn)re seeingD．have seen
18．（2024·天津南開·模擬預(yù)測）Fr many years, mre than ne generatin f schlchildren ________ by his bravery and his scientific apprach t lking fr the truth.
A．have been amazedB．has been amazed
C．was amazedD．were amazed
19．（2024山東濟南二模）The lady insisted that the yung man ________ her wallet and that he shuld be sent t the plice statin at nce.
A．had stlenB．stealC．has stlenD．stle
20．（2024·天津·一模）Better than half a billin dllars ______ that fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat ver the past eighty years.
A．have gne intB．had gne int
C．have been gne intD．has gne int
21．（2024·天津武清·二模）Hundreds f peple spent gd mney n an experience that they knew ______ crwds, discmfrt and danger.
A．includeB．will include
C．includedD．wuld include
22．（2024江蘇南通三模）The lcal gvernment annunced that nly when the fire was under cntrl ________ t return t their hmes.
A．the residents wuld be allwedB．had the residents been allwed
C．wuld the residents be allwedD．the residents had been allwed
23．（2024·廣東湛江·一模）________that it was already the furth time that he _________abrad.
A．S lucky was he; traveledB．S lucky he was; traveled
C．S lucky was he; had traveledD．S lucky he was; had traveled
24．（2024·山東臨沂·二模）— I want t knw when Lucy ______ t my birthday party this Sunday.
— I dn’t knw. But I think she will tell me when she ______.
A．cmes; cmesB．cmes; will cme
C．will cme; cmesD．will cme; will cme
25．（2024·江蘇連云港·三模）I __________ t give yu just a surprise quiz but n secnd thught I chse t let yu reflect n yur exercises.
A．had intendedB．has intendedC．intendedD．has been intended
二、單詞拼寫
26．（2024·陜西西安·一模）As sn as the fire alarm went ff, everyne in the building (逃離) t the nearest exit. (根據(jù)漢語提示單詞拼寫)
27．（2024·山東濰坊·模擬預(yù)測）Yu have f (原諒) me, haven’t yu? (根據(jù)中英文提示單詞拼寫)
三、翻譯
28．（2024·上?！つM預(yù)測）這所百年老校近年來開展了一系列“古典樂進課堂”活動，讓更多學(xué)生感受到經(jīng)典的獨特魅力。(launch)

29．（2024·上?！つM預(yù)測）盡管市場上飲料品種豐富，但我還是深深著迷于中國傳統(tǒng)的茶文化。(althugh)

30．（2024·上海浦東新·三模）他運動之前習(xí)慣熱身和拉伸以避免受傷。(ritual)

31．（2024·上海浦東新·三模）為緩解人口老齡化的壓力，中國政府正在建立更多的社區(qū)機構(gòu)來為老年人的生活提供支持。(ease)

32．（2024·上海寶山·二模）坦率地說，考試分數(shù)只能作為一個參考，不能作為評價的唯一標準。(guideline)

33．（2024·上海松江·二模）這位攝影師覺得去熱門景點拍照沒意思，他已計劃好要去沙漠找靈感。(instead)

34．（2024·上海松江·二模）她原以為沒多少人會來體育館看比賽，結(jié)果看臺上座無虛席。(it)

35．（2024·上海松江·二模）這家軟件公司會從技術(shù)上保護設(shè)計師的創(chuàng)意。(perspective)

36．（2024·上海松江·二模）大多數(shù)中國人喜歡在生日的時候吃碗面。(tend)

37．（2024·上海崇明·二模）你只要腳踏實地，努力做好每一件事，你的夢想就會離你越來越近。(effrt)

38．（2024·上海崇明·二模）毫無疑問，這個歷史小鎮(zhèn)已成為了很多游客追捧的旅游勝地。(dubt)

39．（2024·上海崇明·二模）難以置信的是，她看似柔弱，卻是一個渴望探險的女孩子。(lng)

40．（2024·上海虹口·二模）隨著人們的生活回歸正軌，工作節(jié)奏加快，一些寵物被遺棄街頭無家可歸。(As)

動詞和動詞短語（講義）
動詞和動詞短語是英語中最靈活、最難掌握的詞，在歷年高考題中所占比例最大，設(shè)題時往往都是給出四個不同的動詞或短語來測試考生在具體語境中對動詞短語意義的理解和運用能力。主要出現(xiàn)在單項選擇及完形填空中，考綱要求在復(fù)習(xí)備考中要掌握以下幾個方面:
1.動詞的詞義；2.動詞搭配；3.動詞短語；4.及物動詞和不及物動詞的特殊用法；5.常用動詞的用法；6.熟記16個高頻動詞構(gòu)成的短語用法（break, bring, call, cme, cut, give, g, get, hld, lk, make, put, set, take, turn, set（改為send）等）
動詞的分類
根據(jù)意義和句法作用，英語動詞可分為四類：
1.行為動詞（實義動詞）
①及物動詞 （帶賓語）：study, develp;
②不及物動詞（不帶賓語）wrk, swim, g, cme
③狀態(tài)動詞（相對靜止）cntain, exist, wn, prefer, belng
④動作動詞 延續(xù)性（wrk, stay）；非延續(xù)性（marry, g, cme）
2.系動詞
①表示人或事物的特征和狀態(tài)：be, feel, lk, seem, taste, appear, sund
②表示狀態(tài)的變化：turn, g, becme, get, fall, grw
③表示某種狀態(tài)的延續(xù)或持續(xù)：remain, keep, stay
3.助動詞（與動詞原形或分詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語）：
be(am,is,are),d(des,did);have(has);will,wuld,shall
4.情態(tài)動詞：can(culd),may(might),must,shall(shuld)
動詞詞義辨析
動詞是是各類考試的重點，高考試題中，單項填空、完形填空和改錯等三項題型中，動詞辨義的比重較大，并逐年增加。動詞辨義主要指：
1.形狀相同的動詞之間辨義。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。
2.意義相近的動詞之間辨義。如：brrw, lend; speak, say, talk; hpe, wish等。
3.動詞與其它詞形相近、意義相似的詞的辨義。如：advise, advice; cst, wrth; pass, past 等。
4.意義不同，但容易混淆的動詞的辨義。如：explain, say; discver, invent, uncver; find, find ut等。
5.某些常用動詞的習(xí)慣用法的辨義。如：ask, give, call, make, find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。
6.某些常用動詞短語的辨義。如：give in, give up, turn n, turn ff, turn dwn, turn up等。
易混動詞歸納對比
lay（放）, lie（躺）與lie（說謊）：這三個易混動詞構(gòu)成見下表：
2.rise和raise：rise是不及物動詞，其過去式是rse，過去分詞是risen，而raise是及物動詞，是規(guī)則動詞。
3.hear與listen t：hear側(cè)重點是聽到，聽見什么，而listen t是側(cè)重于聽的傾向，但hear用于無意中的聽見，而listen t卻用于集中注意力的聽。
4.see, watch和lk：see用作看電影，劇目；watch則用作看電視比賽，而watch還有在旁觀看之意。如：Are yu ging t play r nly watch?；lk一般用作不及物動詞，只是當(dāng)盯著某人看時用作及物動詞，如：The little by lked me in the face.（小男孩直盯著我的臉。）
5.wind和wund：wind意為蜿蜒而行，其過去式與過去分詞都是wund，而動詞原形wund意為傷害，其過去式、過去分詞都是wunded。
6.hang的用法：hang有兩個意思：一為懸掛，是不規(guī)則動詞，過去式、過去分詞都是hung；二為絞刑，是規(guī)則動詞，其過去式、過去分詞都是hanged。
7.bear的過去分詞brn與brne：bear作為出生講有兩個過去分詞brn，brne。只有當(dāng)be+brn…短語后沒有by介詞短語時，才可用brn。如:He was brn in Shanghai. 而作它用時要用brne。如：She has brne five children. 但如果作忍受講，則一律用brne。
8.sit與seat：seat為及物動詞時是作容納講，sit只是表示一動作。seat如果表示就座時要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat neself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.
9.brrw, lend與keep：借入英文中用brrw，借出用lend，但這兩個詞都是截止性動詞或瞬間動詞，不能用于長時間的動作，所以我能借多久應(yīng)用keep.
10.win與beat：win作勝、贏講時其后應(yīng)接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a cntest, a race, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人則有另外的含意。如:I have wn him. 即我已說服他了，我贏得他的好感。而beat是及物動詞為擊敗、勝過講，直接接人、隊。
11.steal與rb：steal為偷。rb為搶，其用法不同。steal其后接物+frm+某人、某地，而rb其后接人+f+搶的物品。
12.fit與suit：fit與suit均可作合適講，但英文中卻用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合適，而suit則多用于顏色式樣的合適。
13.take, bring 與fetch：英文中拿三個詞，即拿來，拿去，去取然后回來(即雙程)。所以拿來，帶來是bring，拿去帶走是take，而去取回來是fetch。
14.shut與clse：shut與clse有時是可以互換的，但有些地方則不可這樣做。如:在正式場合多用clse，而在命令，態(tài)度粗暴的場合則用shut。如:Shut yur muth!(閉嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指鐵路、公路交通關(guān)閉或停止使用的場合，則要用clse。
15.answer與reply：作為回答講answer是及物動詞，如作不及物動詞，則意義不同，如answer fr，意為向某人或向某事負責(zé)。而reply作回答講是不及物動詞，后跟賓語時，要加上t。
16.reach，arrive與get t：reach當(dāng)?shù)竭_講是及物動詞，而當(dāng)延伸和拿得到、拿不到時講，則是不及物動詞。作到達講時還有g(shù)et t, arrive(at/in)。
17.cst，spend與take：英文中花費有三個詞cst, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cst作 “花費”講，主語不能是人，而spend的主語不能是物。如: she spent all his mney n stamps.而take作花費講時，可用人也可用物做主語。更多的用法是用形式主語it，如It takes me three hurs t finish this wrk。
18.lst, gne與missing：作補足語時意為丟失、不見了，可以用lst, gne，但要用 miss時則不能用missed, 而要用missing。
19.have n, wear, put n及dress：作穿衣服講的動詞分為狀態(tài)和動作兩種。have n與wear作穿著狀態(tài)講;但have n不用進行時態(tài)，而wear則常要用進行時態(tài)。put n是動作，但dress既可用作狀態(tài)，又可用作穿衣動作，但用作狀態(tài)時要用其過去分詞作形容詞如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作動作講時，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代詞或表示人、物的名詞，如：I dress my children in the mrning every day.
20.begin與start：begin與Start 均可作開始講，并無多少區(qū)別，同樣可接不定式或動名詞，但在下面的場合多要用Start：1)機器的開動發(fā)動；2)旅途的開始。如:we shu1d have t start early because there was a lt traffic in the street。
21.allw 與permit：allw與permit其后直接接動作時要用動名詞，如接人后再接動詞則要用不定式，所以用在被動語態(tài)時一定要用不定式。如：Peple are nt allwed t spit.
22.find與fund：find找到的過去式和過去分詞都是fund，而fund是動詞“建立”的原形，其過去式和過去分詞是funded，funded，如：The Peple’s Republic f China was funded in 1949.
23.speak, say, talk 與tell：英文中講有4個詞，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物動詞，但speak后加語言名詞時則用作及物動詞，如：Please speak English。而say與tell是及物動詞，其中tell常用作接雙賓語，如：Tell me a stry。但也有些特定的習(xí)慣用法，如：在作講實話，講謊言，表示時間常用單賓語而不能換其它詞，如：My watch was brken. It culdn’t tell time crrectly。在書信、便條、海報上寫著英文應(yīng)為It said …。在作辨別不同講時是tell，如：Can yu tell me the difference between the tw？而講別人好壞話時用speak，如：The father always speaks well f his sn。
24.excuse me 與srry：excuse me用于來打攏對方前以提醒對方注意的提示語，而srry則表達因作了某事向?qū)Ψ降狼浮?br>25.care fr 與care t d：care fr其后要接不定式時則要省去fr或換用名詞，如：Wuld yu care fr a cup f tea？但care fr作照顧講時與lk after相同。
26.與名詞易混的動詞有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); chse(v.), chice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.);
27.意義相近的動詞：ring搖鈴，打鈴，電話鈴響，strike專指敲鐘，打幾點，撞擊；suggest提出實驗性或推測性的建議，advice表示對經(jīng)驗不足人的一種忠告；lk由視覺得出的印象，seem暗示一定根據(jù)的判定，appear外表印象而實際或結(jié)果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遺物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discver（發(fā)現(xiàn)）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的東西，invent（發(fā)明）研制出不存在的東西；remember記憶起以前經(jīng)歷或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。
28.動詞 + 副詞 + 介詞：catch up with, lk frward t, cme up with, keep up with, g in fr, lk dwn n, get n with …
29.動詞 + 介詞t的詞組有：cme t, stick t, bject t, agree t, turn t, attend t, belng t, devte t, reply t …
30.與in相結(jié)合的動詞有：give in, hand in, bring in, drp in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in …
動詞短語是指動詞和介詞、副詞或名詞的習(xí)慣搭配。有關(guān)動詞短語的測試點主要涉及結(jié)構(gòu)上選用恰當(dāng)?shù)拇钆湓~，不同搭配含意上的辨異及不同短語的辨異。需掌握以下要點：
1.根據(jù)動詞短語的不同特點，掌握其運用規(guī)律。
(I)動詞+副詞(不及物)
Harry turned up after the party when everyne had left. 晚會后，人們都已離去，哈里出現(xiàn)了。
(2)動詞+副詞(及物)
Please turn every light in the huse ff. 請把房子里的每一盞燈都關(guān)掉。
注意：①如果賓語較長，就應(yīng)避免把副詞同動詞分開。如：She turned ff all the lights which had been left n.
她關(guān)掉了所有還在亮著的燈。②如果賓語是人稱代詞，只能放在動詞和副詞之間。如：She gave them away.
她送掉了它們。
(3)動詞+介詞(及物)
I'm lking fr my glasses. 我在找我的眼鏡。
注意：①當(dāng)它跟賓語時，不能把介詞放在賓語后面。②動詞短語可以放在句子或從句末尾。如：She's gt mre wrk than she can cpe with. 她的工作多得使她應(yīng)付不了。
(4)動詞+副詞+介詞
I lk frward t seeing yu sn. 我盼望不久就見到你。
注：“動詞+介詞”、“動詞+名詞+副詞”、“動詞+副詞+介詞”，這三種搭配都是及物的，如變成被動語態(tài)，不可漏掉介詞。In this way bth grain and vegetable can be well lked after. (不能漏掉after) 這樣一來，糧食和蔬菜都能兼顧了。
2.熟悉同一動詞和不同介詞或副詞、不同的動詞和同一介詞或同一副詞搭配在意義上的差異。
(1)同一動詞和不同介詞搭配時，意義上的差異。如：①hear frm收到…的來信，hear f聽說。 ②lk after照料，lk at看，lk fr尋找。
(2)同一動詞和不同副詞搭配時，意義上的差異。如：①ring back回電話, ring ff掛斷電話, ring up打電話 ②put away放好, put n穿，上演, put up掛起，舉起。
(3)不同動詞和同一介詞搭配時，在意義上的差異。如：lk fr尋找, call fr去取(某物)，去接(某人), ask fr請求, wait fr等候, send fr派人去叫。
(4)不同動詞和同一副詞搭配時，在意義上的差異。如：①break ut發(fā)生，爆炸, carry ut進行，開展, g ut熄滅, hand ut分發(fā), let ut放出, lk ut當(dāng)心, sell ut賣完, set ut出發(fā), take ut取出, wrk ut算出。②break dwn出毛病, cme dwn落下來, get dwn下車, take dwn取下, write dwn寫下。
常見的高頻動詞短語總結(jié)
1 break
break away 擺脫；逃跑
break dwn （機器）出故障；中斷；分解
break int 闖入；打斷；突然中斷
break ff 中斷；折斷；突然停止
break ut 突然發(fā)生；爆發(fā)
break thrugh 突破；克服；掙脫而出
break up 打碎；中斷；分解
break in 破門而入；打斷（談話）；插嘴
2 bring
bring abut 引起；造成
bring dwn 使倒下；使下降；使受挫折
bring frward 提出；提前（=put frward）
bring int peratin實施；使生效
bring ut 顯示出來；出版；生產(chǎn)
bring up 提出；教育；培養(yǎng)；吐出
bring back 把---送回；使想起；恢復(fù)
bring in 引進；掙得
3 call
call fr 需要；要求；邀請
call ff 取消；停止
call n 拜訪；看望；號召
call up 打電話；使人想起；召集
call at 訪問
call in 請來；召集
call back 回電話；召回
4 cme
cme abut 發(fā)生
cme acrss 偶遇；碰到；講清楚
cme alng 進展；成功；一道走
cme int effect 生效
cme ff 發(fā)生；舉行；成功
cme n 快點；走吧；有進展
cme ut 出來；結(jié)果是出版
cme rund/arund再現(xiàn)；恢復(fù)知覺；改變看法
cme thrugh 經(jīng)歷；獲得成功
cme t 蘇醒；達到；總數(shù)為
cme up 發(fā)生；走上前去;(時間)快到
cme up t 達到（高度、程度）；符合
cme up against 碰到（困難）
cme up with 趕上；提出
cme back 回來；反駁
cme true 變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實
5 cut
cut acrss 繞勁道穿過；超越；遮住
cut back 削減；終止；急忙返回
cut dwn 削減；減少
cut in 插嘴；打斷；突然出來
cut ff 切斷；中斷；隔絕
cut ut 刪掉；戒掉
cut shrt 中斷；打斷；縮短
6 carry
carry n 繼續(xù)；堅持
carry ut 執(zhí)行；實施
carry thrugh 幫助度過難關(guān)；完成；實現(xiàn)
7 die
die away 漸弱
die dwn 熄滅；平靜下來
die f 因----（?。┧劳?br>die frm 因----（外部原因）死亡
die ut 滅絕；絕種
be dying t d sth. 迫切想做某事
8 give
give away 贈送；頒發(fā)；泄露；告發(fā)；失去
give ut 分發(fā)；公布；公開；用完（vi）;耗盡（vi）
give ff 發(fā)出；放出
give up 放棄；自首；將-----交給某人（t sb.）;對某人不報希望（n sb.）
give in 屈服；投降；讓步；上交；呈交
9 g
g alng 進展；陪同前往
g by 時間過去；經(jīng)過；遵守
g dwn 下降；下沉；下跌
g fr 去；選擇；想要；攻擊（用語言）
g in fr 從事；愛好；參加（選拔賽、考試等）
g int 研究；調(diào)查，從事
g ff 離開；爆炸；食品變壞；斷電；熄滅；（與副詞連用或用于疑問句）進行；發(fā)生
g n 繼續(xù)進行；發(fā)生；上場
g ut 離開；熄滅；過時
g ver 瀏覽；仔細查看；檢查；審查
g thrugh 通過；經(jīng)歷（苦難）；仔細檢查
g up 上升；增長；漲價
10 get
get thrugh 瀏覽；翻閱；經(jīng)歷困難（痛苦）；做完某事
get in 收割；收獲；收集；購買；買進；插話
get ver 克服；戰(zhàn)勝；熬過；做完；結(jié)束；走完
get n 繼續(xù)；進行；上車
get rund 傳播；散播；說服某人；回避；避開
get abut 四處走動；傳開
get acrss 傳達；使---讓人理解
get alng/n (with) 進展；相處
get dwn 記下；下來；下車；使---人憂愁
get dwn t(介詞) 開始認真干
get back 恢復(fù)；回來；收回
get ut 泄露；逃離
get tighter 聚會；收集
11 hld
hld back 阻礙；阻止；控制；抑制；隱瞞；保留；猶豫不決
hld up 舉起；抬起；拿起；支撐；耽擱；使停頓；攔劫；搶劫；舉出，提出
hld ut 維持；堅持；伸出；拿出
hld ff 拖延；延遲
12 keep
keep away(frm) 使遠離
keep back 扣除，保留；隱瞞
keep ff 避開；不接近
keep n 繼續(xù)
keep ut 擋在外邊；（警示語）請勿靠近
keep up 保持，不低落；持續(xù)，繼續(xù)
keep up with 跟上
13 lk
lk after 照顧；關(guān)心
lk ut 看；當(dāng)心；查閱；觀察
lk back 回頭看；回顧
lk dwn n/upn輕視；看不起
lk fr 尋找；尋求；期望
lk frward t 盼望；期待
lk in 順便看望；順便拜訪
lk int 調(diào)查，深入了解
lk n 觀看； 旁觀
lk ver 翻閱；瀏覽
lk thrugh 瀏覽；詳細調(diào)查
lk up 查閱；查出
14 make
make fr 向----前進，快速走向
make ut 理解，領(lǐng)悟；辨認出，寫出
make up 組成，占----比例；彌補，補償；捏造
make up fr 彌補，補償
make up f 由---組成；包含有
15 pick
pick ut 挑出；分辨出；區(qū)別出
pick up 拿起；撿起；收拾；偶然獲得，學(xué)會，接收（節(jié)目）；（開車）去接；（順便）捎帶
16 put
put acrss 解釋清楚；使人接受
put aside 放在一邊；儲存；保留
put away 放好；收好
put dwn 寫下；記下；鎮(zhèn)壓
put frward 提出；推薦；把---提前
put in 伸進；提出；提交；申請，請求
put in fr 申請；正式要求
put ff 延期；推遲；關(guān)掉；阻止，妨礙
put n 穿上；戴上；上演；增加（體重）
put ut 熄滅；關(guān)燈；生產(chǎn)出，出版
put up 舉起；修建；提供
put up with 忍受；容忍
put thrugh （把電話）接通；做完；向—傳達，提出（t sb.）；使經(jīng)受—的考驗
17 send
send away 送走；解雇
send fr 派人去請
send ut 發(fā)送；長出；發(fā)出（光、信號等）
send up 上升；發(fā)射
18 set
set abut 開始做，著手
set apart 使分離；使顯得突出
set aside 留出；撥出
set back 推遲，阻礙；使花費
set dwn 記下，寫下
set ff 動身出發(fā)；引起；使爆炸（cause t explde）
set ut 動身出發(fā)；引起;表示“著手做”時后跟動詞不定式
set up 建立；創(chuàng)立；引起
19 take
take after 與----相似
take apart 拆卸（機器）
take away 拿走；時離開；消除（病痛等）
take dwn 記下來；拆掉
take fr （錯）當(dāng)作；（誤）認為
take in 吸收；接受；領(lǐng)會；欺騙
take ff 起飛；匆匆離去；脫下
take n 呈現(xiàn)；采納；承擔(dān)，從事
take ne’s time 不要著急，慢慢地做
take ver 接收，接管，取代
take t 喜歡；養(yǎng)成---的習(xí)慣
take up 占據(jù)，占（時間、空間）；開始從事
20 turn
turn dwn 關(guān)小，調(diào)低，拒絕
turn ff 關(guān)上/掉；轉(zhuǎn)向；（使某人感到厭煩）
turn ut 關(guān)（燈）；制造；結(jié)果是；原來是；培養(yǎng)
turn ver （使）翻轉(zhuǎn)/身；移交；周轉(zhuǎn)；仔細考慮
turn t 求助于；（使）轉(zhuǎn)向；（把注意力等）轉(zhuǎn)向；翻書到
turn up 開大；被發(fā)現(xiàn)，被找到；到達；露面
易錯點糾錯練
1．Nw my time is almst up. In a few days, smene else will arrive t _______, and the tireless wrk f MSF members arund the wrld will g n.
A．step int my shesB．pull my weight
C．take my breath D．cme t my aid
2．When yu are faced with bstacles in Senir 3, try nt t let discuraging thughts _______. Be ptimistic and trust yurself, and yu’ll make it.
A．take verB．take upC．take nD．take in
3．We can ______the ptins and try t cme t a decisin.
A．make upB．set upC．weigh upD．cut up
4．We are determined that ur teacher training prgrams shuld ________ current develpments in the field f educatin.
A．catch sight fB．make rm fr
C．take pride inD．keep pace with
5．She tld us t ________.
A．seatB．sit atC．sitD．sit dwn
6．Will yu please help me ________?
A．pen the drB．turn n the dr
C．pened the drD．t turn n the dr
7．With the mney his uncle had left t him, Jack decided t ______ his wn business.
A．set upB．set ffC．make upD．take up
8．They decided t ________ their ld furniture t charity.
A．give awayB．hang nC．hand dwnD．get dwn
9．Every custmer cming here must d the warm-up exercise befre ________ swimming. That’s ur regulatin.
A．catching up withB．getting n with
C．getting dwn tD．putting up with
10．________ was nce predicted by a famus scientist, in anther twenty years, AI rbts wuld cmpletely ________ humans as wrkers.
A．It; take place fB．As; take the place fC．It; in the place fD．As; in place f
11．—China has made great achievements in many fields ver the past thirty years.
—Yes, we all this great prgress.
A．take upB．take ffC．take pride inD．take care f
12．The investigatin shws that t much lve can make bys less independent, weaker and less able t______ frustratin.
A．switch nB．cpe withC．hld upD．in search f
13．—What d yu__________ yur new life in yur new huse?
—It’s cmfrtable and cnvenient, especially fr the children t g t schl. It’s nly five-minute walk.
A．think verB．think nC．think fD．think ut
14．—Why dn’t yu ________ smking? It’s very harmful.
—I tried many times, but it’s really hard.
A．give upB．put upC．ring upD．pick up
15．Wrk hard and practise mre, and yur effrt will __________.
A．pay ffB．give wayC．carry nD．burst nt
16．I wish t ______ the meeting as quickly as pssible, fr I have ther things t attend t.
A．wind upB．turn upC．burn upD．lk up
17．—Are yu kidding? I can’t believe it!
—I’m nt__________ a stry. It really happened!
A．making upB．dressing upC．taking upD．putting up
18．She brke____________when she heard the news, but quickly recvered.
A．dwnB．upC．a(chǎn)wayD．thrugh
19．Yu shuldn’t that I take care f yur pet dg.
A．take it easyB．take it fr grantedC．take it seriuslyD．take yur time
20．He ________ and invested in a small cmpany. As a cnsequence, he lst a frtune in the end.
A．jumped in with bth feetB．played safe
C．had a frg in his thratD．wund up
21．If yu dn’t find a jb sn, yu may __________ begging n the streets.
A．wind upB．dry upC．pack upD．set up
22．We are running a flwer shp, and females __________ the vast majrity f ur custmers.
A．a(chǎn)ccunt frB．kick ffC．give rise tD．take in
23．I was pleased, f curse —adptins were always what __________ my sul —but I chalked it up t a lucky break fr ne black kitten.
A．snuggledB．thrbbedC．highlightedD．nurished
24．Ken ran ver, assessed the situatin, and __________ his shirt and shes. Jumping in, he dve under and tried t reach Spica thrugh the larger f the penings.
A．fught ffB．switched ffC．whipped ffD．gave ff
25．It is thught t be a wise way t have sme mney _________ fr ld age.
A．put asideB．taken ffC．given inD．set ut
26．After tw years f travelling and always having endless business t ________, I kind f lst my passin fr the jb.
A．a(chǎn)ttend tB．a(chǎn)pply frC．withdraw frmD．test ut
27．Sme f these nn-native fish escaped int ther waterways. They can bully ecsystems, quickly ________.
A．switching ffB．taking verC．buncing arundD．turning up
28．She _________ n the decisin fr a lng time befre she finally made up her mind.
A．deliberatedB．fedC．carriedD．brught
29．Crwds f peple ________ t watch the charity f perfrmance last night.
A．wrked utB．turned utC．made utD．reached ut
30．The dctr __________ me t spend several days at the seaside, s that I’ll __________ sn.
A．cnsidered; catch upB．hped; bring up
C．suggested; take upD．recmmended; pick up
31．Leave the by _______; he can make up his wn mind.
A．a(chǎn)lneB．frC．a(chǎn)sideD．ut
32．Regular exercise can______t yur health.
A．make upB．make senseC．make mistakeD．make a difference
33．Spending t much time nline makes it very difficult t ______ ther things in life.
A．rely nB．fcus nC．depend nD．base n
34．Fr nearly a whle year the peple didn’t ________ fd any mre, fr the fd was s delicius and nutritius.
A．talk abutB．cmplain abutC．talk withD．cmplain t
35．Right nw, yu needn’t g t schl t learn knwledge, yu can stay at hme t learn by ________.
A．reading a bk B．distance learning
C．watching TV D．playing games
36．But spending t much time nline is unhealthy and makes it very difficult t _________ ther things in life.
A．be attracted tB．graduate frmC．sign up frD．fcus n
37．——Ricky, why hasn’t Billy been with us these days ?
——Oh, he is _______ fr next mnth’s 400-meter race.
A．standing utB．taking upC．backing utD．wrking ut
38．He________ the wrkers t fight fr their rights .
A．called frB．called inC．called nD．called ff
39．Wrking with the medical team in Africa did ________ the best in her as a dctr.
A．wrk utB．bring utC．make utD．give ut
40．Apprximately ne millin peple left their hmes and travelled westwards t in the Gld Rush.
A．thrw the baby ut with the bathwaterB．seek their frtune
C．put them under pressureD．cmment n
41．Business negtiatin may nt necessarily be a game in which ne lses if the ther wins; we shuld ____a win-win result.
A．take awayB．make frC．take inD．strive fr
42．The witness tld the plice everything he had seen, being careful nt t ________ any details.
A．give utB．leave utC．take utD．figure ut
43．Since keeping psitive is beneficial t the prgress f ur wrk and study, we shuld struggle nt t let negative ideas ______.
A．take ffB．take verC．take inD．take n
44．If yu ________ any prblem when yu arrive at the airprt, give me a ring.
A．cme up withB．set abutC．cme acrssD．put aside
45．I went hme and _______ my schlbag and started t help Mther d the cking.
A．put ffB．drpped ffC．turned ffD．shut ff
46．It’s time yu _________the fact that it’s a dangerus wrld ut there. Be brave and ptimistic.
A．put up withB．wke up t
C．tk the place fD．lked dwn upn
47．The athlete’s years f hard training _________when she finally wn the Olympic gld medal.
A．picked utB．paid ffC．gt thrughD．ended up
48．On the 70th birthday f the PRC, many plicemen and plicewmen were called ut t _________.
A．take actinB．keep rderC．make senseD．watch ut
49．These teenagers dn’t knw much f the wrld yet; that’s why they are s easily _________.
A．taken inB．taken verC．taken afterD．taken ff
50．We’ll meet again in the mrning and we can ________ where we left ff.
A．pick upB．put dwnC．take inD．cut ff
51．Hearing the injured sldier was saved, I ________ a sign f relief.
A．left utB．let utC．gave utD．put ut
52．I dn’t agree with yur applicatin fr the summer jb, which will prbably ______ yur studies.
A．interfere withB．a(chǎn)rgue withC．cperate withD．react with
53．Einstein finally ________ Hans’ plan that Hans tk his place and gave the lecture in that distant university.
A．a(chǎn)greed withB．a(chǎn)greed tC．a(chǎn)greed nD．a(chǎn)greed fr
54．It is believed that the cnstructin f a highway will ______ the grwth f the suburbs.
A．increase tB．cntribute tC．keep tD．take t
55．It’s difficult t ______ a glbal ppulatin f plar bears because much f their range has been prly studied.
A．put utB．figure utC．cme utD．turn ut
56．It is pleasant t ________ a small talk in the lift.
A．cut ffB．put ffC．take ffD．set ff
57．Jasper has________ “N Parking” signs utside his gate, but these have nt had any effect.
A．put nB．put dwnC．put utD．put up
58．His early experience enabled him t________ barriers between Scttish Cathlics and Prtestants.
A．break utB．break upC．break inD．break dwn
59．I was ________ when Kenny wanted me t take care f his dg fr a few days. I hate dgs.
A．brught under cntrlB．set in mtin
C．taken int accuntD．put n the spt
60．Our ancestrs enjyed the healing pwer f nature, and nw scientists are starting t ________.
A．hld backB．mve nC．catch upD．get acrss
61．In spring all kinds f flwers________ their sweet smell.
A．give upB．give inC．give utD．give ff
62．China is wrking hard t________the full ptential f higher educatin and will mve faster t build wrld-class universities.
A．take inB．set asideC．bring utD．give away
63．Thugh the yung girl earns less than 2000 dllars a mnth, she still ______ sme mney every mnth fr special gals.
A．hands utB．takes nC．sets asideD．watches ver
64．Sun Yiwen was apparently when she wn the third Olympic medal f her career by winning wmen’s individual epee (重劍) gld at Tky 2020 n July 24.
A．thrwing in the twelB．scring an wn gal
C．walking n airD．letting ff steam
65．This is called the hednic treadmill(快樂水車), in which satisfactin ________almst immediately and we must run n t the next reward t avid the feeling f falling behind.
A．wears ffB．shws ffC．drps utD．misses ut
66．Liu Yu’s parents think running can________his schlwrk.
A．get in the way fB．be prud f
C．fall in lve withD．be respnsible fr
67．It’s imprtant t shw supprt fr ne anther as we ________ these difficult times.
A．g thrughB．g verC．get alng withD．set dwn
68．Cking tgether gives us a chance t relax and________n each ther’s days.
A．weigh upB．pass upC．pick upD．catch up
69．Despite the extreme cnditin, Deng Jiaxian refused t________frm his respnsibility and kept n cnducting scientific research.
A．cut dwn B．back dwn C．put dwn D．turn dwn
70．All theries ________practice and in turn service practice.
A．riginate frm B．date frm C．learn frm D．differ frm
71．There are successful examples f cancer patients wh have ____ because f prper treatment.
A．pulled thrughB．died utC．given upD．gt thrugh
72．The tanker, which was full f petrl, ____ and gave ff heavy and dark flames the mment a truck kncked int it.
A．blew upB．put upC．turned upD．brught up
73．A gd neighbur is als ne wh likes t ________ in small ways.
A．make utB．put utC．help utD．lk ut
74．Peacck Dance by Yang Liping cmes frm a traditinal belief that it aims t________the Dai wmen’s beauty.
A．bring utB．shw ffC．pass dwnD．turn up
75．Faced with a declining ppulatin and wrkfrce, Japan has been increasingly ________ rbts fr help.
A．turning tB．putting awayC．taking upD．hlding back
76．A very ppular thing t d n Bxing Day is t g shpping and ________ the sales.
A．keep pace withB．take advantage f
C．lk frward tD．thrw a light n
77．—The sup needs a bit f flavr.
—I knw, sme tmat juice shuld .
A．set in mtinB．carry nC．d the trickD．g wild
78．I’m srry I brke yur vase I’ll_______it.
A．run ut fB．make up frC．lse track fD．pass dwn
79．Many scientists ________ the idea that it is human beings’ activities that have resulted in glbal warming.
A．lk frward t B．subscribe t C．participate inD．get invlved in
80．Peple with strng immune systems are better able t ________ infectin.
A．fight ffB．deal withC．make upD．rest n
高考模擬試題
一、單項選擇
1．（2024·湖南株洲·模擬預(yù)測）My bag is red, my sister’s red,t.
A．a(chǎn)nd;isB．but;isC．a(chǎn)nd;isn’tD．but;isn’t
2．（2024黑龍江哈爾濱·二模）Ging t the dentist's ________ nt necessarily have t be ________ awful experience.
A．d; anB．des; theC．d; /D．des; an
3．（2024·天津南開·一模）That kind f ice-cream ________like a mixture f banana and strawberry is delicius.
A．tastedB．tastesC．tastingD．being tasted
4．（2024·江蘇徐州·三模）Old as my car is, it is in gd cnditin and ________ well, even n rugh rads.
A．handlesB．is handledC．has been handledD．will handle
5．（2024·浙江·杭州一模）Childhd memries _______ the new gardener that she has a little nature knwledge after all.
A．suggestB．remindC．cmmandD．demand
6．（2024·浙江臺州·一模）Great changes ___ in my hmetwn and a lt f factries _______.
A．have been taken place , are being set upB．have taken place , have been set up
C．a(chǎn)re taken place , had been set upD．had taken place , will be set up
二、翻譯
7．（2024·上海嘉定·一模）小張進電梯時把腳踝給崴了，現(xiàn)在醫(yī)生正在給她纏繃帶。(have)

8．（2024·上海長寧·二模）想到睡在帳篷的硬地上，野營就沒那么誘人了。(thught)

9．（2024·上海嘉定·二模）聽到他安然無恙的消息，我們都如釋重負。（relief）

10．（2024·上海楊浦·二模）在等待測試結(jié)果的時候，居民們都如坐針氈。(seem)

11．（2024·上海金山·二模）如今人們擔(dān)心的不再是如何填飽肚子，而是如何防止發(fā)胖。(nt... but...)

12．（2024·上海金山·二模）究竟是什么驅(qū)使人類不斷地探索外太空？(n earth)

13．（2024·上海奉賢·二模）那位作家把書房看作是私人領(lǐng)域和精神家園，在那里，他可以坐擁書籍之樂，將塵世煩惱拋諸腦
后。(leave)

14．（2024·上海青浦·二模）正是她那種急于求成的心態(tài)讓她無緣決賽。（It）
（2024·上海楊浦·二模）
弘揚中華民族的美德，并不意味著我們不需要與時俱進。(mean)

16．出于安全考慮，任何賬戶的密碼都應(yīng)該包括字母、數(shù)字和符號。(cncern)

17．盡管最后期限延長了一個月，研究團隊仍需調(diào)整策略，以便如期完成項目。(s that)

18．很多醫(yī)生表情嚴肅說著難懂的術(shù)語，但張醫(yī)生是個例外，他做事腳踏實地，話語淺顯幽默，贏得了公眾的認可。(whse)

一般時態(tài)
進行時態(tài)
完成時態(tài)
完成進行時態(tài)
現(xiàn) 在
d/des
is/am/are ding
has/have dne
has/have been ding
過 去
did
was /were ding
had dne
had been ding
將 來
shall/will d
shall/will be ding
shall/will have dne
shall/will have been ding
過去將來
wuld d
wuld be ding
wuld have dne
wuld have been ding
一般時態(tài)
完成時態(tài)
進行時態(tài)
完成進行時態(tài)
現(xiàn) 在
is /am/are dne
has/have been dne
is/am/are being dne
無
過 去
was/were dne
had been dne
was /were being dne
無
將 來
shall /will be dne
shall/will have been dne
無
無
過去將來
wuld be dne
wuld have been dne
無
無
一般現(xiàn)在時
常與always，ften，smetimes，usually等連用或通過上下文表示。
一般過去時
常與時間狀語連用，或者通過上下文邏輯意思及動詞時態(tài)來體現(xiàn)。
連用時間狀語：last week, in 2021, 3 days ag, the ther day, in the past
現(xiàn)在完成時
強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在造成的結(jié)果和影響，通常與時間段連用。
連用時間狀語：s far, since, in the past/last 3 days, up t nw
一般過去時
過去的動作或情況。
過去完成時
過去的動作或時間之前發(fā)生的事。
連用時間狀語：by the end f+過去時間，befre+過去時間。
特殊用法
1.下列動詞hpe、 wish、 expect、 think、 intend、 mean、 suppse等，用過去完成時表示“原本……(事實上未能……)”。
2.This/It/That was the first/secnd/third ... time that ...表示“這/那是(某人)第幾次做某事”，that從句中要用過去完成時。
3.hardly ... when ...和n sner ... than ...兩個句型中，主句均用過去完成時。
現(xiàn)在完成時
連用時間狀語s far, since, in the past/last 3 days, up t nw
過去完成時
過去的動作或時間之前發(fā)生的事。即“過去的過去”，句中必須出現(xiàn)表示過去的動作、狀態(tài)或時間狀語。
對比
He has been ill fr tw weeks。他已經(jīng)病了兩個星期了。
He had been ill fr tw weeks befre she came back。
在她回來之前，他已經(jīng)病了兩個星期了。
原形
過去式
過去分詞
現(xiàn)在分詞
說明
放
lay
laid
laid
laying
及物動詞
躺
lie
lay
lain
lying
不及物動詞
說謊
lie
lied
lied
lying
不及物動詞

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