
\l "_Tc17226" 01考情透視·目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航2
02 \l "_Tc18151" 知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖·思維引航3
\l "_Tc25540" 03考點(diǎn)突破·考向探究4
\l "_Tc20799" 考點(diǎn)一 考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)及主謂一致4
【 \l "_Tc19212" 真題研析】4
【 \l "_Tc11164" 核心精講】4
【 \l "_Tc28075" 命題預(yù)測(cè)】5
\l "_Tc29041" 考點(diǎn)二 考查一般過去時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致6
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真題研析】6
【核心精講】 \l "_Tc285" 7
\l "_Tc30219" 【命題預(yù)測(cè)】8
\l "_Tc29325" 考點(diǎn)三 考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)及主謂一致8
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真題研析】8
【核心精講】 \l "_Tc285" 9
\l "_Tc30219" 【命題預(yù)測(cè)】12
\l "_Tc29325" 考點(diǎn)四 考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來進(jìn)行時(shí) PAGEREF _Tc29325 \h 12
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真題研析】 PAGEREF _Tc30789 \h 12
【核心精講】 \l "_Tc285" 13
\l "_Tc30219" 【命題預(yù)測(cè)】 PAGEREF _Tc30219 \h 14
\l "_Tc29325" 考點(diǎn)五 考查一般將來時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)15
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真題研析】15
【核心精講】 \l "_Tc285" 15
\l "_Tc30219" 【命題預(yù)測(cè)】16
\l "_Tc29325" 考點(diǎn)六 被動(dòng)語態(tài)和主謂一致高頻總結(jié)16
【 \l "_Tc30789" 真題研析】16
【核心精講】 \l "_Tc285" 16
\l "_Tc30219" 【命題預(yù)測(cè)】18
04 \l "_Tc14703" 重難點(diǎn)突破 時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致的綜合運(yùn)用18
動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)及主謂一致
考點(diǎn)一 考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)及主謂一致
1.(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Rute Garden arund the greenhuse 60 (walk) visitrs thrugh a jurney influenced by the ancient Silk Rad, by which silk as well as many plant species came t Britain fr the first time.
2.(2024·北京高考卷)When we slw dwn, we create space t reflect n ur thughts and emtins, which helps us identify imprtant areas f ur lives and 13 (give) us the pprtunity t make right chices.
3.(2023·全國乙卷)The remarkable develpment f this city, which is cnsciusly designed t prtect the past while stepping int the mdern wrld, (mean) there is always smething new t discver here, and I culd be phtgraphing Beijing fr the next 50 years.
4.(2022?新高考I卷)After a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be fficially set up next year. The GPNP ______ (design)t reflect the guiding principle f “prtecting the authenticity and integrity(完整性)f natural ecsystems, preserving bilgical diversity, prtecting eclgical buffer znes, and leaving behind precius natural assets(資產(chǎn))fr future generatins”.
5.(2021年浙江卷1月)It is calculated by dividing a persn’s weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 _______ (cnsider) healthy.
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)是近幾年語法填空必考的語法項(xiàng)目,而且考查的均是最基本的用法。
(一)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用來表示習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
1.謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成:d/des
2.基本用法
(1)表示經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作?!居涀∵@些時(shí)間狀語標(biāo)志詞是快速解題的關(guān)鍵】
常與usually,always,ften,smetimes,never,every day等表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語連用。
On Mnday mrning it usually takes me an hur t drive t wrk.星期一早晨,我通常花費(fèi)一小時(shí)開車去上班。
(2)表示客觀真理、格言或者警句等。
表示客觀真理時(shí),即使主句是一般過去時(shí),賓語從句還要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
As we all knw, the earth travels arund the sun.眾所周知,地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。
(3)表示按規(guī)定、時(shí)間表、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
謂語動(dòng)詞是cme, g, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, live, fly等,可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
My dream schl starts at 8:30 am and ends at 3:30 pm.
我理想的學(xué)校上午8:30上課,下午3:30放學(xué)。
(4)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。
If yu cme this afternn, we'll have a meeting.如果你今天下午過來,我們將開個(gè)會(huì)。
1.(2025·東北三省三校聯(lián)考)Take Christmas as an example. At its heart (lie) the stry f Jesus Christ’s birth, a symbl f lve, hpe and rebirth. This festival is celebrated wrldwide, shwing the agreement f faith and culture acrss brders.
2.(2025·東北三省三校聯(lián)考)The festival’s emphasis n family ties and cntinuity (rt) in Cnfucian values and reflects the cllectivist nature f Chinese sciety.
3.(2025·廣東省佛山市H7聯(lián)盟高三摸底聯(lián)考)In the vast and wind-swept steppes f the Inner Mnglia autnmus regin, there exists a great cnnectin between the peple and their music. The cnnectin (present) by the appealing meldies(旋律) f the mrin khuur, a tw-stringed instrument ften referred t as the hrse-headed fiddle (琴).
4.(2025·廣東省佛山市H7聯(lián)盟高三摸底聯(lián)考)Despite mdernizatin and urbanizatin, the mrin khuur (remain) a precius part f daily life fr many families in Irmer Mnglian.
考點(diǎn)二 考查一般過去時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致
1. (2024?新高考Ⅱ卷) “Sme f the things that Tang was writing abut ___38___ (be)als Shakespeare’s cncerns. I happen t knw that Tang’s play The Peny Pavilin (《牡丹亭》) is similar in sme ways t Rme and Juliet.”
2. (2024?新高考Ⅱ卷) A statue cmmemrating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Tw years later, a six-meter-tall pavilin, inspired by The Peny Pavilin, ___41___ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk frm Shakespeare’s birthplace.
3. (2024?全國卷卷) They 44 (be)part f a 15-member explring party that had spent almst five awesme weeks in witness f the natural beauties there.
4.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷)Citizens f higher scial classes ________ (permit)t live clser t the center f the circles.
5.(2022?新高考I卷)The plan will extend prtectin t a significant number f areas that ______ (be)previusly unprtected, bringing many f the existing prtected areas fr giant pandas under ne authrity t increase effectiveness and reduce incnsistencies in management.
1.本題中的解題關(guān)鍵是:previusly (之前地),可是很多考生不知道這個(gè)詞的意思,造成解題失誤。如果考生不能準(zhǔn)確理解文章的意思,試題中will也對(duì)考生造成誤導(dǎo),由將來時(shí)轉(zhuǎn)到一般過去時(shí)的跨度較大。再者,本句還是一個(gè)長難句。
2.找準(zhǔn)試題中的時(shí)間關(guān)鍵線索是解題的關(guān)鍵所在。
3.高考試題中的主謂一致一般難度都較小,只要我們能判斷出真正的主語是誰或者說主語的核心詞是誰就可以了。本題中areas是主語,故用were。
6.(2023年新高考II卷) As a little girl, I (wish) t be a zkeeper when I grew up. Nw, I’m living ut that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers d their jb in English.
根據(jù)“標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語”快速解決時(shí)態(tài)問題
(1) 試題中有yesterday, last night,a few days ag,the ther day等過去時(shí)間標(biāo)志,要想到用一般過去時(shí)。
(2)本題中的As a little girl就是標(biāo)志性的過去時(shí)間狀語,故很快就判斷出用一般過去時(shí)
7.(2023·1月新高考浙江卷)The large siheyuan f these high-ranking fficials and wealthy businessmen ften ________ (feature)beautifully carved and painted rf beams and pillars(柱子).
8. (2022?新高考Ⅱ卷)He lked up and saw Eric hanging frm the balcny. He quickly ______ (thrw) his tls aside, and started running, arms ut.
根據(jù) “并列謂語動(dòng)詞”解決時(shí)態(tài)問題
(1) 當(dāng)句中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞時(shí),它們之間可能是同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可能有一定的先后關(guān)系,我們可以根據(jù)這種謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系來判定時(shí)態(tài)。同一個(gè)主語的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列謂語,謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要一致。
(2)本題中的lked up and saw ,started就是斷定空處時(shí)態(tài)的隱含時(shí)間線索。
一般過去時(shí)
1.謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成:did
2.基本用法
(1)表示過去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示具體的過去時(shí)間狀語連用,如yesterday, last mnth, just nw, the ther day, three days ag, in 1989等?!居涀∵@些時(shí)間狀語標(biāo)志詞是快速解題的關(guān)鍵】
The ther day I came acrss an ld friend n the tp f Munt Tai.
前幾天,我在泰山頂上偶然遇到了一位老朋友。
(2)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語從句中,常用一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)。
He said he wuld tell her abut the news as sn as he met her.他說他一見到她就把這個(gè)消息告訴她。
(3)表達(dá)“原以為/本來認(rèn)為/原希望”等意義時(shí),knw,think,expect等動(dòng)詞常用一般過去時(shí)。Much t my disappintment,the film is nt as mving as I expected.
使我非常失望的是,這部電影不像我原來預(yù)料的一樣感人。
(4)常見句型:【高頻再現(xiàn)】
①It is time that sb. shuld d/did sth.
該到……的時(shí)候了
②It is/has been+一段時(shí)間+ sth.
自從做某事已經(jīng)一段時(shí)間了
③wuld/had rather sb. did sth.
寧愿某人做某事
It is time that we tk actin t prtect ur envirnment.該到我們采取措施保護(hù)環(huán)境的時(shí)候了。
As far as I knw,it is/has been three years since he jined the army.據(jù)我所知,他參軍三年了。
(5)句中暗含有表示過去的時(shí)間狀語。【難點(diǎn)提醒】
Gerge said that he wuld cme t schl t see me the next day,but he didn't.喬治說他會(huì)在第二天來學(xué)校看我,但是他沒有來。
1.(2025·江蘇省海門中學(xué)高三第一次調(diào)研)The pening ceremny f the Tang Xianzu Theater Festival and Internatinal Theater Exchange Mnth — a series f prgrams t hnr Tang Xianzu and t strengthen internatinal cultural exchanges — (hld) in the renwned (著名的) Chinese playwright’s birthplace f Fuzhu, Jiangxi Prvince, n Sept. 28.
2.(2025·江蘇省南京市六校聯(lián)合體期中)Named after the ancient name fr Xi’an in Shaanxi Prvince, which
(serve) as the capital f the Tang Dynasty fr ver 280 years, the mvie brings t life sme f the mst icnic figures in Chinese literary histry.
3.(2025·內(nèi)蒙古多校高三上學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考)The panda (hld)in captivity (圈養(yǎng)) until her death in 2000.
4.(2025·廣東省清遠(yuǎn)市高三上學(xué)期一模)“Experience China: Dunhuang Culture Enters New Zealand” exhibitin kicked ff in New Zealand's largest city Auckland n Mnday. The exhibitin (bring) by the Gansu Prvincial Infrmatin Office and the Dunhuang Academy, with the aim f vividly shwcasing the rich cultural heritage f China.
考點(diǎn)三 考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)及主謂一致
1.(2024年1月浙江高考真題)If yur supermarket sells lse prduce, then buying smaller quantities is easier. Over the last tw years, sme supermarkets 62 (start) selling chicken r salad in packs designed with tw halves cntaining separate prtins (份).
2.(2022?全國甲卷)In the last five years, Ca ______ (walk) thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents, and in 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa’s highest muntain.
3.(2022年浙江卷1月)On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example, rughly 200 academics —many f them climate scientists __________ (prmise) t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
根據(jù)“標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語”快速解決時(shí)態(tài)問題
(1) 試題中有since,s far,up t nw,in the last/past few years等與現(xiàn)在相關(guān)的時(shí)間標(biāo)志,要想到用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
(2)上面試題中的ver the past 20 years, since it pened t the public,since the effrt started tw years ag,In the last five years就是標(biāo)志性的與現(xiàn)在相關(guān)的時(shí)間狀語,故很快就判斷出用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
(一)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
1.謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成: eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(have,has)) +dne
2.基本用法
(1)表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,常用的時(shí)間狀語:already,s far,never,just,befre,recently,fr a lng time,in the past/last few years等。
Great changes have taken place in ur city in the past ten years.
在過去的10年中我們的城市發(fā)生了很大變化。
(2)表示過去已經(jīng)開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常與“since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”或“fr+時(shí)間段”等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語連用。
He mved here in 2019 and he has lived here ever since.
他2019年搬到這里,自那之后他一直住在這里。
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用在時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中,表示將來某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。
Please return the bk t me when yu have finished it.當(dāng)你讀完這本書請(qǐng)歸還給我。
【高頻再現(xiàn)】注意牢記以下固定句型:
①It is/has been+時(shí)間段+since...
表示“自從……以來已經(jīng)……”。
It is/has been ten years since I graduated frm the university.
我大學(xué)畢業(yè)已十年了。
②This/It/That is the that...表示“這/那是(某人)第幾次做某事”,that從句中要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.這是我第一次游覽這座城市。
③This is+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+that...結(jié)構(gòu),that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen.
這是我看過的最好的電影。
注意避免思維定式:一看到fr+時(shí)間段,就用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。一定要看語境強(qiáng)調(diào)是“該動(dòng)作曾經(jīng)做過多長時(shí)間”(一般過去時(shí)),還是“該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)做完多長時(shí)間”(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))。
Yang Zhenning lived in America fr many years and nw he lives in China.
楊振寧在美國定居多年,現(xiàn)在他生活在中國。
Dashan has lived in China fr many years.大山在中國住了許多年。
(二)過去完成時(shí)
1.謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成:had+dne
2.基本用法
(1)表示到過去某一時(shí)間之前動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成即“過去的過去”,常見的時(shí)間狀語有by...,until...,when...,befre...等。【解題關(guān)鍵】
When he was in Beijing, he visited places where he had played as a child.
他在北京的時(shí)候游覽了他兒時(shí)曾玩過的地方。
By the time Jack returned hme frm England, his sn had already graduated frm cllege.
杰克從英國回到家時(shí),他的兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。
(2)表示一個(gè)過去的動(dòng)作先于另一過去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生,這種情況多見于賓語從句。
He remembered that he had left the key at hme.
他記得他把鑰匙落家了。
(3)過去完成時(shí)的常用句型【高頻再現(xiàn)】
①It was the that...
這是第一/第二……次……
It was the third time that the by had been late.
這是那個(gè)男孩第三次遲到了。
②had 剛……就……;had n 一……就……。如:
I had hardly pened the dr when he hit me.
我剛打開門,他就打了我。
He had n sner bught the car than he sld it.
他剛買了這輛車,轉(zhuǎn)眼又賣了。
表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hpe,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppse 等,用過去完成時(shí)表示“原本……(事實(shí)上未能……)”。
We had expected that yu wuld be able t win the match.
我們?cè)瓉眍A(yù)料你們能夠贏比賽。
(三) 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成: eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(has,have)) been+ding
2.基本用法
(1)常用來表示開始于過去某個(gè)時(shí)間,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會(huì)繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。
Fr days the kids have been lking fr thers we can help.
幾天以來,孩子們一直在找我們能夠幫助的其他人。
(2)表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里一直在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
I have been calling him many times this mrning,but there's n answer.
今天早晨我一直給他打了很多電話,但是沒人接。
(1)有少數(shù)幾個(gè)雙音節(jié)形容詞,既可以加-er和-est,又可以加mre和mst構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。這些雙音節(jié)詞有:cmmn, handsme, quiet, pleasant, cruel, stupid, friendly等。
(2)有些形容詞沒有程度可分或形容詞本身就表示某種程度,因此沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。這類形容詞有:right (正確的), wrng (錯(cuò)誤的), excellent (優(yōu)秀的), pssible (可能的), empty (空的), first (第一的), wden (木制的), final (最后的), east (東方的), last (最后的), favurite (最喜歡的)等。
(3)不規(guī)則變化
1.(2025·浙江Z20名校聯(lián)盟高三第一次聯(lián)考)This practice (prve) t be beneficial in terms f ensuring the grwth f the industry s far, evidenced by the successful cperatin between DreamWrks and Reliance Entertainment in India.
2.(2025·江蘇省海安高級(jí)中學(xué)高三月考)Understanding the stry behind Nian Ga nt nly enriches yur knwledge f Chinese culture but als prvides a deeper appreciatin fr the traditins that (pass) dwn thrugh generatins.
3.(2025·重慶巴蜀中學(xué)高考適應(yīng)性月考卷(二))Since 1994, the San Dieg Z (wrk) with the Sichuan cnservatin center t carry ut cperative research n the species’ behavir and disease preventin.
考點(diǎn)四 考查現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.(2023·天津·高考真題)Sme restaurants are happy t prvide a free cake if yu let them knw in advance that yu ________a grup fr a birthday party.
A.will be bringingB.have brught
C.have been bringingD.were bringing
2.(2021·天津·高考真題)Gd evening, everybdy. Prfessr King ________ his lecture in a mment, but let me intrduce him first.
A.deliveredB.will be delivering
C.was deliveringD.has been delivering
3.(2015·天津·高考真題)Jane can’t attend the meeting at 3 'clck this afternn because she ______ a class at that time.
A.will teachB.wuld teach
C.has taughtD.will be teaching
4.(2012·遼寧·高考真題)I feel s excited! At this time tmrrw mrning I ________ t Shanghai.
A.will be flyingB.will fly
C.have been flyingD.have flwn
5.(2008·遼寧·高考真題)—Have yu gt any jb ffers?
—N. I ______.
A.waitedB.had been waitingC.have waitedD.a(chǎn)m waiting
6.(2008·重慶·高考真題)Teenagers their health because they play cmputer games t much.
A.have damagedB.a(chǎn)re damagingC.damagedD.will damage
7.(2018·北京·高考真題)Susan had quit her well-paid jb and _________ as a vlunteer in the neighbrhd when I visited her last year.
A.is wrkingB.was wrking
C.has wrkedD.had wrked
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
(一)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成: eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(am,is,are)) +ding
2.基本用法
(1)表示此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與時(shí)間狀語nw,at the mment,at present等連用。
He is watching a ftball match n TV at hme nw.
他現(xiàn)在正在家里看電視上的足球賽。
(2)一些特定的表示動(dòng)作趨向性的短暫性動(dòng)詞cme, g, leave, get, start, pen, arrive, begin, return等常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來。
I am leaving fr Shanghai t attend an imprtant internatinal meeting.我要出發(fā)去上海參加一個(gè)重要的國際會(huì)議。
(3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)與頻率副詞always,cnstantly連用表達(dá)某種感情色彩,如不滿、厭惡、贊賞等。
Yu are always frgetting the imprtant thing.
你總是把重要的事情忘掉。(表達(dá)出不滿的情緒)
(二)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成: eq \b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\c1(was,were)) +ding
2.基本用法
(1)過去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者存在的狀態(tài)。
He was playing basketball with his friends n the playgrund at 3:00 pm yesterday.昨天下午3點(diǎn)他正在操場與他的朋友們一起打籃球。
(2)表示過去一個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另外一個(gè)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行。
She was watching TV when a burglar brke int her huse.
她正在看電視,這時(shí)一個(gè)盜賊闖入她家。
(3)表示過去按計(jì)劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,此用法常見動(dòng)詞有g(shù),begin,leave,arrive,cme,return等。
I was cming t visit yu later that day,but I had t phne and cancel.
我本打算那天晚些時(shí)候去看你,但是我不得不打電話取消了。
(三)將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
1.謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成:will be ding
2.基本用法
表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,或按預(yù)測(cè)將來會(huì)發(fā)生的事情。
This time next week I'll be lying n the beach,enjying the sunshine.
下星期這個(gè)時(shí)候,我正躺在海灘上,享受著陽光。
1.(2024·江蘇省高三名校聯(lián)考檢測(cè)試題) One day when she (cycle) t schl, she bumps int a handsme student named Suta, wh turns ut t be a “Clser” — a persn charged with “clsing drs t anther wrld”.
2.The cach, rather than the players (be) wrking ut when I entered the gym.
3.Jane can't attend the meeting at 3 'clck this afternn because she (teach) a class at that time.
考點(diǎn)五 考查一般將來時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)
1.(2025·黑龍江省實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高三月考)The girl, as well as her parents, (be) ging t visit China next week.
2.(2025·廣東省佛山市南海區(qū)南執(zhí)高級(jí)中學(xué)高三段考)As he prudly signed his name at the bttm f the page, Beethven tried t imagine hw peple (respnd) when they heard it fr the first time.
3.(2025·江蘇省揚(yáng)州中學(xué)月考)In thse days, whenever I had truble, I (turn) t Mr. Smith fr help.
一般將來時(shí)和過去將來時(shí)
(一)一般將來時(shí)
1.表示將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用以下四種結(jié)構(gòu)
(1)will/shall+動(dòng)詞原形
(2)be ging t+動(dòng)詞原形
(3)be t+動(dòng)詞原形
(4)be abut t d sth.
2.基本用法
(1)一般將來時(shí)表示將來某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),即單純的將來事實(shí)。
He will graduate frm Beijing University next year.
明年,他將畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)。
(2)be ging t d sth.表示計(jì)劃、打算要做某事或者有預(yù)兆要發(fā)生某事。
Lk at the clud. It is ging t rain.
瞧那烏云,天要下雨了。
(3)be t d sth.表示按計(jì)劃或安排即將要做某事,或者按照職責(zé)、義務(wù)、規(guī)定等要做某事。
We are t bey these rules when we g int the library.
當(dāng)我們進(jìn)了圖書館,就要遵守這些規(guī)章制度。
(4)be abut t d sth.表示即將要發(fā)生某事。該結(jié)構(gòu)通常不與具體的時(shí)間狀語連用。
The train is abut t leave.
火車即將開出。
(二)過去將來時(shí)
1.謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成: eq \b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\c1(wuld d sth.,was/were ging t d sth.))
2.基本用法
過去將來時(shí)表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。即過去將來時(shí)是“立足過去,著眼未來”的一種時(shí)態(tài),常用于賓語從句中。
The shp wuld sn clse,and all the peple wuld g hme.
這個(gè)商店不久將關(guān)閉,所有的人將回家。
1.(2025·上海交通大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)浦東實(shí)驗(yàn)高中期中)Larry’s parents made up their mind that they (buy) a new huse nce their little daughter changed her jb.
2.(2025·北京市朝陽區(qū)質(zhì)量檢測(cè))Tm was my leader and he prmised that he (help)me if necessary.
3.It is reprted that the new famus astrnmer (visit) ur schl in a few days.
考點(diǎn)六 被動(dòng)語態(tài)和主謂一致高頻總結(jié)
1.(2025·吉林省東北師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)高三摸底)H Feng- Shan decided t give visas t whever applied. Cnsequently, he issued thusands f Shanghai visas until he ( transfer) back t China in 1940.
2.(2025·廣東省佛山市南海區(qū)段考)Cttn (use) by humans fr ver three thusand years.
3.(2025·福建省廈門第一中學(xué)高三開學(xué)考試)S why did yu pen a letter that (address) t me?
4.As a matter f fact, nt yur deskmate but yu (be) t blame fr the matter.
被動(dòng)語態(tài)的高頻考點(diǎn)
(1)不能用被動(dòng)語態(tài)的特殊動(dòng)詞
①系動(dòng)詞類(lk,seem,feel,taste,sund,prve,appear等)。
②表示主語特征的詞(read,wash,write,sell,wear,lck等),常與nt,hardly,well,easily,badly,nicely等副詞連用。
This kind f clth washes easily.
這種布料容易洗。
(2)get構(gòu)成的表示被動(dòng)的短語
此類短語主要有g(shù)et paid/lst/hurt等。
We get paid every week.我們按周獲得薪酬。
(3)主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義
①在need,want,require,deserve,bear等動(dòng)詞;wrth等形容詞的后面,動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義,其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。
The huse needs repairing/t be repaired.
這房子需要修理。
②在某些“主語(人/物)+be+形容詞+不定式”中不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,imprtant,impssible,pleasant,interesting等。
The prblem is difficult t wrk ut.
這道題很難計(jì)算出。
主謂一致的 “三原則”
(1)“語法一致”原則
1.可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
2.在定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞that, wh, which等作主語時(shí),其謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)保持一致。
3.單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式、名詞性從句作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。但what引導(dǎo)的主語從句表示復(fù)數(shù)概念時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
4.主語后跟有with, tgether with, as well as, but, except, alng with, rather than等連接另一主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語保持一致。
(2)“意義一致”原則
1.集體名詞作主語時(shí),若被看作一個(gè)整體,謂語動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式;若被看作是構(gòu)成集體的一個(gè)個(gè)成員,謂語動(dòng)詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見的集體名詞有:family, class, team, grup, public, cmmittee, gvernment, audience等。
2.“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/the majrity+f+名詞”作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于f后名詞的數(shù)及其表示的意義;all, sme, half, mst, the rest等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語實(shí)際表達(dá)的意義?!癮 number f+名詞”作主語,其謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式;“the number f+名詞”作主語,其謂語動(dòng)詞常用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
(3)“就近一致”原則
1.由either ..., neither ..., nt nly als ...等連接的并列主語或者在there be句型中,謂語動(dòng)詞常與最鄰近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。
2.在There be句型中,若有幾個(gè)并列成分作主語,謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式由最鄰近的主語決定。
1.(2025·黑龍江省牡丹江市第一高級(jí)中學(xué)高三期中)Twenty years (have) passed since he left his hmetwn.
2.(2025·福建省廈門第一中學(xué)高三開學(xué)考試)The children (drill) t leave the classrm quickly when the fire bell rang.
3.(2025江蘇省某校月考)Last Year, large amunts f mney (spend) n building the bridge.
04重難點(diǎn)突破 時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致的綜合運(yùn)用
1. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)及主謂一致考點(diǎn)的解題關(guān)鍵:
(1)通過“標(biāo)志性狀語”解決時(shí)態(tài)問題
在題干中,yesterday, tmrrw, always, since, in the past few years, ver the years, by+時(shí)間, s far等都是動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)常用的標(biāo)志性狀語,做題時(shí)可以通過尋找這些標(biāo)志性狀語來判定時(shí)態(tài)。
(2)通過“并列謂語動(dòng)詞”解決時(shí)態(tài)問題
當(dāng)句中有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的動(dòng)詞時(shí),它們之間可能是同時(shí)發(fā)生,也可能有一定的先后關(guān)系,我們可以根據(jù)這種謂語動(dòng)詞的關(guān)系來判定時(shí)態(tài)。同一個(gè)主語的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列謂語,謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要一致。
(3)通過“語境暗示”解決時(shí)態(tài)問題
有些題目在時(shí)間狀語和其他參照物都不明顯的情況下,通過“語境暗示”,正確分析語境也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題的一條行之有效的方法。
(4)通過“時(shí)態(tài)定義”解決時(shí)態(tài)問題
準(zhǔn)確理解常考時(shí)態(tài)的定義是做題的根本。
(5)通過“固定句式”解決時(shí)態(tài)問題
掌握常用句式也是解決時(shí)態(tài)問題的快速且行之有效的方法。
【高頻再現(xiàn)】
①It's (high) time sb did sth表示“正是某人做某事的時(shí)候”,從句要用一般過去時(shí)。
②It is/has been ... since ... 表示“自從……以來……”,since 之前用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),since后用一般過去時(shí)或接表示過去的時(shí)間狀語。
③sb was/were ding sth when sb did sth表示“正在做某事,這時(shí)突然……”。
④“It/This/That is/was+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+n.+定語從句”句型中,定語從句的時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在/過去完成時(shí)。
⑤“It is/was the first time+that從句”句型中,從句的時(shí)態(tài)一般用現(xiàn)在/過去完成時(shí)。
⑥hardly, scarcely, barely+過去完成時(shí)+when+一般過去時(shí),表示“一(剛)……就……”。
⑦n sner+過去完成時(shí)+than+一般過去時(shí),表示“一(剛)……就……”。
⑧by (the end f)+過去時(shí)間,句子謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí),表示“到過去某時(shí)為止,已經(jīng)做了某事”。
⑨by (the end f)+將來時(shí)間,句子謂語動(dòng)詞用將來完成時(shí),表示“到將來某時(shí)為止,已經(jīng)做了某事”。
⑩“祈使句+and/r/therwise+陳述句”,陳述句用一般將來時(shí)。
①在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中,主句用一般/過去將來時(shí),從句用一般現(xiàn)在/過去時(shí)。
②在賓語從句中,如果主句用一般過去時(shí),從句應(yīng)用過去的某種時(shí)態(tài);從句表示客觀事實(shí)或真理,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
2.通過“邏輯關(guān)系”解決語態(tài)問題
有時(shí)候做題時(shí),我們對(duì)于時(shí)態(tài)問題比較關(guān)注,但往往忽略了語態(tài),因此我們可以采用“先語態(tài)、后時(shí)態(tài)”的方式。解決語態(tài)問題主要是根據(jù)謂語動(dòng)詞與句子主語之間的邏輯關(guān)系,二者為主動(dòng)關(guān)系用主動(dòng)語態(tài),是被動(dòng)關(guān)系則用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。
3.主謂一致把握三原則即可。(語法填空中主謂一致的難度較小,一般就是根據(jù)真正主語的單復(fù)數(shù)判斷謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù))。
語法填空
(2025·福建省福州市第一次質(zhì)量檢測(cè))閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。(標(biāo)黃題號(hào)為本專題考點(diǎn))
The term Xuan paper first appeared in On Famus Paintings thrugh the Ages, a bk written by Tang Dynasty schlar Zhang Yanyuan, 1 he described Xuan paper as an ideal carrier fr calligraphy and painting. Handmade Xuan paper frm Jingxian cunty, East China’s Anhui prvince, 2 (list) as a gift t the imperial curt then fr its supreme quality,
During the Tang and Sng Dynasties Xuan paper reached its peak f 3 (ppular) and quality. The traditinal craft (工藝) f making Xuan paper is extremely 4 (demand). Sandalwd bark, a plant native t suthern China, 5 (g) thrugh108 prcedures ver the curse f three years befre it can transfrm int fine Xuan paper.
The flw f ink determines the utput f Chinese art, and Xuan paper utshines thers with its excellent ability 6 (give) full play t ink. Different prprtins (比例) f bar k t straw during the paper- making prcess can create different canvases (帆布) best suited 7 artistic expressin u freehand ink paintings r calligraphy. The unique quality f Xuan paper is 8 (high) valued in the wrld f Chinese calligraphy and painting.
Xuan paper is very resistant t damage brught by time. It is this durability 9 has made the preservatin f many valuable wrks frm ancient China pssible. The lng histry, unique craftsmanship, and high quality f Xuan paper have made it a 10 (treasure) cultural heritage f China.
考點(diǎn)
目標(biāo)要求
考題統(tǒng)計(jì)及展示
考情分析
考查一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)及主謂一致
熟練掌握一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的用法,及與之相關(guān)的語態(tài)及主謂一致
(2024·新高考I卷)60.walks一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)及主謂一致;
(2023·全國乙卷)means一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)及主謂一致
(2022?新高考I卷)is designed一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)及主謂一致
(2021年浙江卷1月)is cnsidered一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)及主謂一致
從近三年高考試題來看,試題以語法填空的形式命題,題目中等,以考查學(xué)生對(duì)有關(guān)時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致的掌握情況,強(qiáng)化語言運(yùn)用能力和語境理解。動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是高考必考點(diǎn)。
預(yù)計(jì)在2025年高考中,以語法填空的形式命題。
考查一般過去時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)及主謂一致
熟練掌握一般過去時(shí)的用法,及與之相關(guān)的語態(tài)及主謂一致
(2024?新高考Ⅱ卷)38.were一般過去時(shí)及主謂一致
(2024?新高考Ⅱ卷)41.was built一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)及主謂一致
(2024?全國甲卷) 44.were一般過去時(shí)及主謂一致
(2023·1月新高考浙江卷)were permitted一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)及主謂一致
(2022?新高考I卷)were一般過去時(shí)及主謂一致
(2023年新高考II卷)wished一般過去時(shí)及主謂一致
(2023·1月新高考浙江卷)featured一般過去時(shí)及主謂一致
(2022?新高考Ⅱ卷)threw一般過去時(shí)及主謂一致
考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)及主謂一致
熟練掌握現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法,及與之相關(guān)的語態(tài)及主謂一致
(2024年1月浙江高考真題)62.have started現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)及主謂一致
(2022?全國甲卷)has walked現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)及主謂一致
(2022年浙江卷1月)have prmised現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)及主謂一致
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