命題規(guī)律:
人稱代詞分主格和賓格、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞it的用法
備考策略:
在語法填空題中,當(dāng)句子缺少主語、定語、賓語或表語時,一般需填代詞;確定填代詞之后,再看一下設(shè)空處所填代詞是否與前文提到的人或物有指代關(guān)系。
(1)作主語:人稱代詞主格(I, we, yu, he等);
(2)作賓語/表語:人稱代詞賓格(me, us, him等)、名詞性物主代詞(urs, mine, yurs等);
(3)作定語:形容詞性物主代詞(ur, my, yur等);
(4)如果賓語與主語是指同一個人,用反身代詞(myself, yurself, itself等);
(5)填it的情況:作形式主語或形式賓語;指代前面提到的同一個事物或情況;
(6)that, thse作替代詞,用來代替已提到的名詞,以避免重復(fù)。
基本知識:
代詞:
人稱代詞分主格和賓格。
物主代詞包括形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。形容詞物主代詞修飾名詞;名詞性物主代詞單獨使用,相當(dāng)于形容詞物主代詞加名詞,后面不能再跟名詞。
反身代詞。反身代詞的固定搭配:devte neself t“致力于,獻(xiàn)身于”,其中t是介詞;say t neself“自言自語”;help neself t“隨便吃,自行取用”;by neself“獨自地,單獨”;make neself dne“使某人自己被”;leave ne by neself“把某人自己單獨留下”;enjy neself“過得愉快”;behave neself“舉止規(guī)矩”;cme t neself“蘇醒過來”。
不定代詞。指人的不定代詞:smene,anyne,smebdy,anybdy,everyne,everybdy,nbdy,n ne;指物的不定代詞:smething;anything;everything;nthing;nne既可指人也可指物,表示“一個也沒有”或“一點也沒有”。
it的用法
it作形式主語或形式賓語,代指動詞不定式、動名詞、名詞性從句。
用于強(qiáng)調(diào)句型:It is/was 例如:It was he that/wh brke the dr.(是他弄壞的門);It was nt until his father came back that he left hme.(直到他的父親回來,他才離開的家。)溫馨提示:這個句型不能強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動詞時應(yīng)該用:助動詞d/des/did+動詞原形,意為“確實,務(wù)必,一定”。例如:He did break the dr.(他確實弄壞了門。)
it的固定搭配:When it cmes t...“當(dāng)談到的時候”,其中t是介詞;make it“成功做成某事”;as it is “事實上,照原樣”;get it“明白了”;put it“敘述,說明”;see t it that,意為“注意,務(wù)必,一定要做到”。
(4)動詞+it+if / when從句:當(dāng)enjy, like, dislike, lve, hate, prefer, appreciate等動詞后需要接一個if或when引導(dǎo)的從句時,此時需要先在動詞后接it作形式賓語。例如:I wuld appreciate it very much if yu wuld help me with it. (如果你能幫助我做這事,我會十分感激。)
考點1 人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞
知識1 人稱代詞
人稱代詞的句法功能。在句中,人稱代詞作不同的成分對應(yīng)其不同的格:
作主語→用主格 作賓語→用賓格 作表語→ 指代主語用主格,指代賓語用賓格
單獨使用或放nt后→多用賓格
We all grew up hearing peple tell us t "g ut and get sme fresh air."人們告訴我們"出去呼吸點新鮮空氣",我們都是聽著這些長大的。[2019全國Ⅰ](主格We作主語,賓格us作tell的賓語)
1.在It 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型中,若被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人稱代詞,作主語用主格,作賓語用賓格。
?It was we that met him at the schl gate. (主格we作主語)
?It was him that we met at the schl gate.(賓格him作賓語)
2.句中沒有謂語動詞時,人稱代詞常用賓格。
?—I'd like t g t climb the muntain this weekend.
—Me,t.
3.當(dāng)說話者不清楚或沒必要知道談?wù)搶ο蟮男詣e時,常用it來表示。
?What a lvely baby! Is it a by r a girl?
知識2 物主代詞
物主代詞可分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。
1.形容詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于形容詞:置于名詞之前,作定語,不可單獨使用。
?Thse peple are my schlmates.
拓展延伸 含形容詞性物主代詞的常用結(jié)構(gòu):
1.形容詞性物主代詞+wn(+名詞) 某人自己的(……)
?I have my wn rm.
?I need a rm f my wn.
2.形容詞性物主代詞+v-ing,可作主語或賓語
?His being ill made his mther wrried.
2.名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于"形容詞性物主代詞+名詞":可單獨使用(作主語、表語和賓語),也可用"f+名詞性物主代詞"結(jié)構(gòu)作后置定語。
? Yur bike is black. Mine is red. (=My bike is red.)
?There is smething wrng with my bike. May I use yurs?(= May I use yur bike?)
?Kate went n hliday with a cusin f hers.
知識3 反身代詞
1.反身代詞可作賓語:常在 enjy, teach, hurt, behave, intrduce(介紹)等動詞后作動賓和by, fr, t, in, f等介詞后作介賓。
?He is teaching himself English. ?She was talking t herself.
2.反身代詞可作同位語:用于加強(qiáng)語氣,強(qiáng)調(diào)"親自,本人,親身"。
?He himself went t the bank.
3.反身代詞可作表語:常用于be, feel, lk, seem等系動詞后作表語,表示身體或精神狀態(tài)。
?I'm nt myself tday. ?I am feeling myself again.
歸納總結(jié) 含有反身代詞的常用短語
1.介詞+反身代詞:by neself 單獨,獨自 fr neself 親自,為自己
in neself 本身,本來 t neself 獨自擁有的,獨享的
2.動詞+反身代詞:enjy neself過得愉快 amuse neself自娛 seat neself就座 bast neself自夸 teach neself自學(xué)
express neself表達(dá)自己 behave neself舉止得 hide neself自己藏
dress neself自己穿衣 apply/devte neself t致力于
feel neself覺得身體好 help neself t隨便吃/用 lse neself in沉迷于make yurself at hme不拘束 adapt/adjust neself t使自己適應(yīng)于
考點 2 不定代詞
不定代詞是高考考查的內(nèi)容之一,考生一定要注意不定代詞在具體語境中的用法。此外,大多數(shù)不定代詞還可以作限定詞(兩者在用法上基本是相通的)。下面具體講解一下常見的不定代詞的用法。
知識1 either, bth, neither, all, nne, any
?There are tw ways leading t the wds. Either seems (=Bth seem) t be passable. 有兩條路通往森林,任何一條/兩條似乎都走得通。
?Neither f the tw cars is mine.這兩輛汽車都不是我的。
?All f the fd has gne.所有食物都沒了。
?Nne f the mney is mine.錢都不是我的。
?Mr. Smith refused t accept any f the three suggestins.史密斯先生拒絕接受三條建議中的任何一條。
知識 2 the ther, anther, the thers, thers
1.the ther還可作定語修飾可數(shù)名詞,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時,表示"其余全部的"。如:
the ther bk另一本書 the ther bks其余的書
2.anther也可作定語,后可跟"基數(shù)詞/few(+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù))",表示"另外的……"。"anther+基數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)"相當(dāng)于"基數(shù)詞+mre+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)"。
?I have been here fr tw weeks and I will stay here fr anther three weeks (=three mre weeks).
知識3 nne, nbdy/n ne, nthing
?—Hw much mney d yu have?你有多少錢?
—Nne.一點也沒有。
?—Wh is in the rm?誰在屋里? —N ne/Nbdy.沒有人。
?—What are yu ding nw?你現(xiàn)在在做什么?
—Nthing.什么也沒有做。
對"sme/any/every+名詞"進(jìn)行全部否定的詞是nne;
smene/smebdy/everyne/everybdy/anyne/anybdy進(jìn)行全部否定的詞是nbdy/n ne;
對smething/anything/everything 進(jìn)行全部否定的詞是nthing。
?If I had sme mney, I wuld lend him, but unfrtunately, I have nne.如果我有些錢的話,我會借給他,但不幸的是,我一點錢也沒有。
1.nne作主語時謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)
指代不可數(shù)名詞→單數(shù) 指代可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時→單、復(fù)數(shù)均可
?We had three cats nce — nne is/are alive 可與f連用,作主語時謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)
nne f +不可數(shù)名詞→單數(shù)形式 nne f +可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)→單、復(fù)數(shù)均可
?Nne f the telephnes is/are wrking.
知識 4 many,much,(a)few,(a)little
many,much,(a)few,(a)little既可作代詞,又可作限定詞,總結(jié)如下:
(注意:nt a little,quite a little相當(dāng)于much;nt a few,quite a few相當(dāng)于many)
?Many wanted t change their life in the twn.
?Yu have a lt f free time, but I dn't have much
?A lt f guests were invited, but few came.
?If yu have any spare milk, culd yu give me a little?
知識 5 sme和any
sme常用于肯定句,any則常用于否定句和疑問句。
?Sme f the milk has gne bad.
?I need sme stamps. Are there any in yur bag?
特別提醒 any還可用于肯定句,表示"任一"。
?I'll take any yu dn't want.
sme和any均可作限定詞,修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞。
1.sme常用于肯定句,any常用于否定句和疑問句。
?There's still sme wine in the bttle.
?Are there any meat? I didn't eat any meat.
2.sme也可用于疑問句。若疑問句表示請求、建議或邀請,或期望得到對方肯定的答復(fù),用sme,不用any。
?May I ask yu sme questins? (請求)
?Wuld yu like sme cffee? (邀請)
【注意】 sme和any均可修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)。
(1)"sme+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)"表示"某一……"。
?Jhn, sme student is waiting fr yu dwnstairs.
(2)"any+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)"表示"任一……"。
?Take any bk yu like.
知識6 each
1.each可直接作主語,也可接“f+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”作主語,此時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
?Each (f the students) has a dictinary.
2.each可作同位語,放在主語(復(fù)數(shù))后,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
?They each have a dictinary.
拓展延伸 each還可作限定詞,修飾可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),常與every進(jìn)行區(qū)別辨析:
each指 “兩者或兩者以上中的每一個”, 強(qiáng)調(diào)個體
every指 “三者或三者以上中的每一個”, 強(qiáng)調(diào)全體,相當(dāng)于all
?There are lts f flwers n each side f the rad. 路兩邊有許多花。
?She knws every student in the schl. 她認(rèn)識學(xué)校里的每一個學(xué)生。
知識 1.常見的復(fù)合不定代詞
2.復(fù)合不定代詞的基本用法
(1)復(fù)合不定代詞作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)。
?Everyne knws this.
(2)當(dāng)形容詞修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時,形容詞通常后置。
?There's smething wrng with the TV.
知識8 不定代詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配
anything but 決不,根本不 nthing but 僅僅,只有
nne but=nly僅僅,只有 all but幾乎,差不多; 除……外全部
anybdy/everybdy but除……外的任何人
nt anything=nthing沒有什么(表示全部否定)
nt everything并非每件東西(表示部分否定)
nt much f a...不是很好,不怎么樣
smething ……諸如此類的什么
smething like... 有點像……,大概……,大約……
smething r ther 一件什么東西(事情)
smething f a... 有些……,有幾分……
?He is anything but a clerk.他根本不是一名職員。
?He is a scientist r smething.他是科學(xué)家之類的人物。
?I have smething like 20 dllars in cash.我大概有20美元現(xiàn)金。
?His life is smething f a mystery. 他的生活有幾分神秘。
考點 3 替代詞和指示代詞
知識1 替代詞ne, the ne, that, it
In Canada,the tipping situatin is very similar t _______ f the US.
分析語境及句子結(jié)構(gòu),尤其是空后的介詞短語f the US,可知此處用that替代前面提到的the tipping situatin,表示同類事物。故填that。
The Chinese have knwn abut the benefits f green tea since ancient times, and they use _______ t treat varius diseases such as headaches and depressin.
句意:自古以來中國人就知道綠茶的好處,并用綠茶來治療各種疾病,如頭痛和抑郁癥。此處指代的是前面提到的green tea,故用it。
知識2 指示代詞this, that, these, thse
1.指代前面提到過的事物,常用that或thse,起"承上"的作用;指代將要提及的事物,常用this或these,起"啟下"的作用。
?He was ill.That's why he didn't cme.
?What d yu think f this? Jack brke my camera,but he refused t pay fr the repairs.(此句中this指代下文將要提到的事物,不能換成that)
2.在打電話時,用this來介紹自己,用that來詢問對方。
?Hell. This is Tm. Wh is that speaking?
3.含有this, that的習(xí)慣用法。
this and that 這樣那樣,各種事情
that is (t say) 也就是說
Is that s?真的是這樣嗎?
That’s all. 就這些。
That’s it. 好了。
That’s enugh. 夠了。
知識3 指示代詞such和the same
1.such指代如前所述的那樣的人或事物。
?Such is Albert Einstein, a simple man with great achievements.這就是阿爾伯特·愛因斯坦,一個簡樸而又成就卓越的人。
2.the same指同樣的人或事物。
?The same happened nce.同樣的事情曾經(jīng)發(fā)生過。
難點1 it的用法
1.it作形式主語
it可以作形式主語,而把真正的主語后置。常用it作形式主語的句型有:
(1)It+be+adj.+(fr sb.) t d sth.常用于此句型的形容詞有:easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, pssible等。
?It is necessary t change yur jb.
(2)It takes/tk sb.+一段時間+t d sth.
表示"做某事花費某人多長時間"。
?It tk us half an hur t get t the twn.
(3)It+be+adj.+f sb. t d sth. 此句型中的形容詞通常描述人的性格、品質(zhì)等。常用于該句型的形容詞有: kind, nice, wise, silly, plite, implite, friendly, flish, clever等。
?It is friendly f the family t try t make me feel at hme.(4)It+be+n.+(fr sb./sth.)t d sth.常用于此句型的名詞(短語)有: pity, shame, pleasure, fun, jy, gd/bad manners等。
?It is bad manners fr the yung t take up the seats fr the ld.
(5)It+be+adj./n.+ding sth.常用于此句型的形容詞和名詞(短語)有: useless, fun, n/little use, n/much gd等。
?It's n use crying ver spilt milk.為打翻的牛奶哭泣是沒有用的。(覆水難收,悔恨無益。)
(6)It+be+adj./n.+主語從句.在"It is necessary/imprtant+that從句"中,從句的謂語常用"shuld+動詞原形",且shuld可以省略。
?It's necessary and imprtant that ne shuld master the skills f perating cmputers.
(7)It+be+過去分詞+that從句.say, reprt, think, believe, hpe, expect, agree, accept, decide, intend, plan, understand, knw, demand, request, require, rder, suggest, advise, recmmend等動詞的過去分詞常用于此句型。
?It is reprted that anther satellite has been in rbit.
特別提醒 在"It's suggested/advised/ rdered/ requested/ insisted(堅決要求)/required/demanded+that從句"中,從句要用虛擬語氣,即從句謂語要用"shuld+動詞原形",shuld可省略。
(8)It makes n difference/desn't matter+主語從句.
?It makes n difference t me whether yu g r nt.你去或不去對我來說無所謂。
(9)It seems/appears/happens+that從句.
?It seemed that she had made sme mistakes in the design f the machine.她好像在機(jī)器的設(shè)計上出了一些錯誤。
2.it作形式賓語
(1)當(dāng)賓語是動詞-ing、動詞不定式或that從句,且其后有賓語補(bǔ)足語時,為了保持句子結(jié)構(gòu)的平衡,通常用it作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語置于句末。常用結(jié)構(gòu)是:find/feel/think/believe/cnsider/make等+it+賓
補(bǔ)+動詞-ing/動詞不定式/that從句。
?I feel it hard t climb the muntain.
?We find it useless waiting here all the time.
(2)某些及物動詞(短語)后不能直接跟從句。此時應(yīng)先用it作形式賓語,然后接賓語從句。常用結(jié)構(gòu)是:hate/like/appreciate/depend n
等+it+從句。
?I wuld appreciate it if yu paid in cash.
?Yu may depend n it that all the gds will be shipped abrad in time.
3.it構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句(It is/was…that/wh…)
?It was I that/wh tld him abut it.是我告訴他這件事的。
(it構(gòu)成強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的具體用法詳見"強(qiáng)調(diào)句型")
4.it的特殊用法
(1)it指天氣、時間、環(huán)境、距離等
?It is a lvely day tday, isn't it?
?It was nearly midnight when she came back.
?It was very quiet in the cafe.
?It is half an hur's walk t the city centre.
(2)含有it的固定結(jié)構(gòu)
as it is事實上 as sb. puts it 正如某人所說
It depends.視情況而定。 Dn't mentin it.不客氣。
Take it easy.別緊張。 believe it r nt 信不信由你
see t it that…確?!? make it 成功,做到
mean it說話算數(shù) can't help it無能為力
call it a day到此為止 g fr it 大膽試一試
take it fr granted that…認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然的
(3)it可以用來替代整個句子或句中謂語部分所表示的意思。
?Mrs. Andersn is already past fifty, but she desn't lk it.安德遜夫人已經(jīng)年過五十,可是看上去不像。
難點2 it構(gòu)成的幾個易混淆的句型
1.It+be+時間段+since引導(dǎo)的狀語從句 "自……以來已多久了"。
表示現(xiàn)在的情況時,主句多用一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時,從句多用一般過去時;表示過去的情況時,主句用一般過去時,從句用過去完成時。
?It is three years since his father passed away.
?It was 10 years since they had married.
2.It+be+時間段+befre引導(dǎo)的狀語從句 過了...才...
該句型中的"時間段"一般為sme time,…years,…mnths,…weeks, …days, …h(huán)urs, …minutes等。
主句可用一般過去時或一般將來時(will be):若主句用一般過去時,befre從句用一般過去時;若主句用一般將來時,befre從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時。
?It was sme time befre I knew the truth.過了一段時間我才了解到真相。
?It will be many years befre the situatin imprves.這種狀況要過許多年才能得到改善。
3.It+be+時間點+when引導(dǎo)的狀語從句
該句型中, it 指時間,而且表示時間點的詞語前沒有介詞(時間一般為具體時間)。主句的謂語動詞和從句的謂語動詞在時態(tài)上一般是一致的,但若主句用將來時,從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。
?It was already 8 'clck when we gt hme.
?It will be next mrning when we finish ur wrk.
4.It+be+ (high/abut) time+ (that)引導(dǎo)的從句 "是做……的時候了"。從句要用虛擬語氣,即從句的謂語動詞用過去式(be動詞用were)或"shuld+動詞原形", shuld不可省略。
?It is high time (that) she called her mther.
5.It+be+the first/secnd/third…time+(that)引導(dǎo)的從句
"這/那是某人第幾次做某事"。
?It was the fifth time (that) he had paid a friendly visit t Africa.
難點3 部分否定與全部否定
1.n ne, nne, nbdy, nthing以及"n+名詞"等都表示全部否定。
?Nne f us was ging t the party.我們當(dāng)中沒人打算去參加那個聚會。
2.當(dāng)nt與不定代詞all, bth, everyne, everybdy, everything等或"every+名詞"連用時,不管nt在它們之前還是之后,都表示部分否定。此外,nt與總括性副詞(如everywhere, always, whlly, altgether等)連用時也表示部分否定。
?Nt all f them smke.=All f them dn't smke.
?Such a thing can't be fund everywhere.
真題訓(xùn)練:
1.(2023年新高考Ⅰ卷·62) Nanxiang aside, the best Xia lng ba have a fine skin, allwing them 61 (t be lifted) ut f the steamer basket withut allwing them tearing r spilling any f ____62____ (they) cntents.
2. (2022年全國乙卷·70) The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was fficially unveiled (揭幕) at the ceremny, pening _____ (it) first exhibitin: The Avenue f Truth—A Special Exhibitin f Pu’er Tea.
3. (2021年新高考Ⅰ卷·64) As the sng ges, this lng and winding rad “will never disappear”, and it will always stick in the visitr’s memry. It sure des in ______ (I).
4. (2021年全國乙卷·63) Ecturism has ____ (it) rigin with the envirnmental mvement f the 1970s.
5. (2020年全國Ⅰ卷·70) Data abut the mn’s cmpsitin culd help China decide whether ____ (it) plans fr a future lunar(月球的) base are practical.
6. (2018年全國Ⅰ卷·70) If yu are time pr, yu need run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give ____________ a try.
7. (2018年全國Ⅲ卷·68) When the grillas and I frightened each ther, I was just glad t find ______ (they) alive.
8. (2017全國Ⅱ卷·67) Hwever, the railway quickly prved t be a great success and within six mnths, mre than 25,000 peple were using ____ every day.
9. (2014全國II卷·69) Then the driver std up and asked, “Did anyne lse a suitcase at the last stp?”A wman n the bus shuted,“Oh dear! It’s _________(I).”She pushed her way t the driver and tk the suitcase thankfully.
思路點撥:
從近幾年的高考真題來看,若要求考生填物主代詞、賓格代詞、反身代詞等時,命題人通常會給出其基本形式——人稱代詞的主格;若題目本身要求考生填代詞本身,如主格人稱代詞it,或sme, any, anther, bth等不定代詞,是不給提示詞的。
1. 當(dāng)括號中所給詞是人稱代詞時,可能是填以下形式:
(1) 賓格形式:在句中作賓語或表語。
(2) 形容詞性物主代詞:在名詞前作定語。
(3) 名詞性物主代詞:作主語、賓語或表語。
(4) 也可能是反身代詞。
2. 在純空格題中:
(1) 句子缺賓語時,到目前為止,高考只要求考生填it,即“賓語位置填it”,來指代前文提到的物或事。
以下兩點到目前為止全國卷暫未考過。盡管今后考查的可能性也不大,但還是建議考生了解:
(2)句子缺主語時,可能填:① 人稱代詞主格;② 不定代詞;③ it,包括用作形式主語的it,替代后面作真正主語的不定式、動名詞或從句。如:
Behind him were ther peple t whm he was trying t talk, but after sme minutes _______ walked away and sat near me,lking annyed.
解析:因but后的并列句中缺主語,故應(yīng)填代詞;根據(jù)語境,不難推出走開坐到“我”附近的應(yīng)是他后面的那些人,即ther peple,指人,是復(fù)數(shù),且作主語,應(yīng)當(dāng)填they。
因為充當(dāng)主語或賓語的應(yīng)是名詞或代詞,而在語法填空的純空格題中一般是不要求考生填名詞的,所以只要句子缺主語或賓語,就該填代詞。此時,要根據(jù)前后語境, 看該空格是指人還是事物,指男還是指女,是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。
空格后是名詞,即名詞前需要填限定詞時,可能是填不定代詞。如:
The yung man went hme with a happy heart. After the student left, the teacher let _________ student taste the water.
解析:空格后是名詞student,且為單數(shù),作let的賓語,故應(yīng)填限定詞;由句意“在送水的這個學(xué)生走了之后,這位老師讓他的另外一個學(xué)生嘗一嘗”可知填anther。
考點歸納:
1.人稱代詞主格有I, yu, he, she, it, we, yu, they等,在句中只能作主語用。一般在純空格題中考查。
2.人稱代詞賓格有me, yu, him, her, it, us, yu, them等,在句中作及物動詞或介詞的賓語。
3. 形容詞性物主代詞有my, yur, his, her, its, ur, yur, their等,在句中只能作定語。
4. 名詞性物主代詞有mine, yurs, his, hers, its, urs, yurs, theirs等,相當(dāng)于“形容詞性物主代詞+名詞”, 在句中可以作主語、賓語或表語。
5. 反身代詞有myself, yurself, himself, herself, itself, urselves, yurselves, themselves等,在句中作賓語,或者主語或賓語的同位語。
6. it可以指代前面提到的物,或猜測中不確定的人,或指時間、 距離、 環(huán)境、 天氣等,還可作形式主語或形式賓語,或用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。
考點練透:
1. After what seemed t be a hundred years, I fund my audience applauding—I made ____! Frm then n, my fear f talking befre an audience disappeared.
2. As yu lie in bed, tense the muscles in yur feet and then relax _______ (they).
3. The students returned t schl with a sense f achievement, a feeling that _______ helped peple in need.
4.The by yu saw was ______ image. This shuld teach yu an imprtant lessn, my sn.
5. Finally I fund that she was trying t ask me whether I had an extra pen. She shwed me that ______ (her) was ut f ink and wuld nt write.
6.I wuld appreciate________if yu culd allw me t relate a persnal anecdte.
7. I thught that schl in China was t hard fr ____ (we) students, and that we didn’t get t d enugh fun exercise except running arund playgrunds tgether.
8. Hwever, befre I gt n the bike, I felt extremely nervus and I was afraid that I wuld fall ff and hurt ________ (me).
9.The frzen parts f the city als make ___ easier fr residents t skate arund.
10. Nw it ccurred t _____ (he) that his farm had much ptential and that the death f the cw was a bit f luck.
11. It is said that a shrt-tempered man in the Sng Dynasty (960~1279) was very anxius t help ____ (he) rice crp grw up quickly.
12. I wanted t reward the ld wman fr the truble I had caused _____ (she).
13.The man distinguished _________ (he) by his wisdm.
14. I had an amazing cnversatin with the man wh sat next t me, which made ______ f us feel gd.
15. Jane was walking rund the department stre. She remembered hw difficult ___ was t chse a suitable Christmas present fr her father.
16.He had a gd disguise (偽裝), but as sn as he spke he betrayed ________ (he).
17. I had nticed three hens running free in my hstess’s curtyard and that night ne f them ended up in a dish n my table. _____________ villagers brught me gat’s cheese and hney.
18.He really felt ________ an hnur t win the champinship in the internatinal cmpetitin.
19. They lived mstly n vegetables frm ______ (they) garden.
20. She said t _________ (she) that the idea was absurd.
21. A study shws the students wh are engaged in after-schl activities are happier than _________ wh are nt.
22.When interacting with thers, peple shuld put ________ (they) in the ther persn’s psitin, regarding it as a cde f cnduct t live harmniusly with thers.
23. Yur phts are lvely. D yu want t see sme f ______ (ur)?
24. He can’t sell the huse. It isn’t _____ (he); it’s mine.
25. She wre ______(she) diamnds t the party.
26.Hwever, dangerus cnditins and damaged rads will make________ difficult t deliver fd and supplies.
27.Yu are a team star!Wrking with _____ is really yur cup f tea.
28.She tk ________ fr granted that he wuld fllw her.
29.The cmputers in yur ffice are mre expensive than________ in ur schl
30.The research grup prduced tw reprts based n the survey,but ____ cntained any useful suggestins.
31.The cst f renting a huse in central Xi'an is higher than _____ in any ther area f the city.
32.They are calmer and____(they)md imprves.
33.Recycling is ne way t prtect the envirnment; reusing is ____.
34.When parents bring hme a pet, their child gladly bathes __ and brushes its fur.
35.She remembered hw difficult____was t chse a suitable Christmas present fr her father.
36.I had t raise my vice t make ____ heard in the nisy crwd.
37.Cultural shck is a feeling which mst travelers experience in a freign cuntry where they find the culture is quite different frm that f __ wn.
38.T her jy, Della earned first the trust f her students and then ____f her clleagues.
39.The ship buffeted__________ (it) way thrugh the waves.
40.Despite his serius illness, the ld man had lst _____ f his enthusiasm fr life.
41.He gt a new haircut and gt ________ up in a suit, then headed fr the hall.
目錄

命題規(guī)律
人稱代詞分主格和賓格、物主代詞、反身代詞、不定代詞it的用法

備考策略
人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞,不定代詞,替代詞和指示代詞

基本知識
人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞、不定代詞,替代詞和指示代詞

真題訓(xùn)練
近幾年的高考真題要求考生填物主代詞、賓格代詞、反身代詞

思路點撥
若要求考生填物主代詞、賓格代詞、反身代詞等時,命題人通常會給出其基本形式——人稱代詞的主格;若題目本身要求考生填代詞本身,如主格人稱代詞it,或sme, any, anther, bth等不定代詞,是不給提示詞的。

考點歸納
人稱代詞主格2.人稱代詞賓格3. 形容詞性物主代詞4. 名詞性物主代詞5. 反身代詞6. it可以指代前面提到的物,或猜測中不確定的人,或指時間、 距離、 環(huán)境、 天氣等,還可作形式主語或形式賓語,或用于強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。

考點練透
再次鞏固所掌握的知識點體系并能靈活應(yīng)用
代詞
第一人稱
第二人稱
第三人稱
單數(shù)
復(fù)數(shù)
單數(shù)
復(fù)數(shù)
單數(shù)
復(fù)數(shù)
人稱代詞主格
I
we
yu
yu
he she it
they
人稱代詞賓格
me
us
yu
yu
him her it
them
形容詞性物主代詞
my
ur
yur
yur
his her its
their
名詞性物主代詞
mine
urs
yurs
yurs
his hers its
theirs
反身代詞
myself
urselves
yurself
yurselves
himself herself itself
themselves
either
肯定意義
表示“兩者中的一個”,作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。
bth
肯定意義
表示“兩者都”,作主語時,謂語動詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
neither
否定意義
表示“兩者都不”,作主語時,謂語動詞常用單數(shù)形式。
all
肯定意義
作主語時,謂語動詞的人稱和數(shù)應(yīng)與all所指代的人或事物保持一致。
nne
否定意義
作主語后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù);后接不可數(shù)名詞時,謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
any
肯定意義
作主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)其代指的名詞確定,常與f連用。
the ther
指“兩者中的另一個”,常與ne連用,構(gòu)成 ther ...結(jié)構(gòu),意為“一個……另一個……”;作定語修飾復(fù)數(shù)名詞時,表示“全部其余的”。
ther
不能單獨使用,只能修飾名詞,表示泛指意義。
anther
可單獨使用,也可修飾名詞,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一個”,代替或修飾單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。另外,anther后可接“基數(shù)詞/few+復(fù)數(shù)名詞”形式,表示“另外的……”。
thers
單獨使用,表示泛指意義,意為“其他的人或事物”,常與sme一起出現(xiàn);特指“其他的全部人或事物”時用the thers。
nne
既可指人也可指物,多與表示范圍的介詞f連用;與數(shù)量有關(guān),可回答hw many或hw much類的問句,表示“一個也沒有”。
nbdy/
n ne
不能與f連用,只能指人,表示“什么人也沒有”,可回答wh引導(dǎo)的疑問句。
nthing
表示“什么也沒有”,用來否定一切,可回答what引導(dǎo)的疑問句。
含義
替代或修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù)
替代或修飾不可數(shù)名詞
表示"多"
many
much
表示"少"
few
little
表示"肯定"
a few
a little
表示"否定"
few
little

任何
每個,所有
沒有

smene
smebdy
anyne
anybdy
everyne
everybdy
n ne
nbdy

smething
anything
everything
nthing
it
特指前面提到過的同一個人或物
that/thse
that指代前面出現(xiàn)過的不可數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,指代單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時,相當(dāng)于the ne。其復(fù)數(shù)形式為thse,相當(dāng)于the nes。
ne/nes
ne指代前面出現(xiàn)過的那類事物中的“一個”,其復(fù)數(shù)形式為nes。

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